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Mahajan D, Kumar T, Rath PK, Sahoo AK, Mishra BP, Kumar S, Nayak NR, Jena MK. Dendritic Cells and the Establishment of Fetomaternal Tolerance for Successful Human Pregnancy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0010. [PMID: 38782369 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a remarkable event where the semi-allogeneic fetus develops in the mother's uterus, despite genetic and immunological differences. The antigen handling and processing at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy appear to be crucial for the adaptation of the maternal immune system and for tolerance to the developing fetus and placenta. Maternal antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages (Mφs) and dendritic cells (DCs), are present at the maternal-fetal interface throughout pregnancy and are believed to play a crucial role in this process. Despite numerous studies focusing on the significance of Mφs, there is limited knowledge regarding the contribution of DCs in fetomaternal tolerance during pregnancy, making it a relatively new and growing field of research. This review focuses on how the behavior of DCs at the maternal-fetal interface adapts to pregnancy's unique demands. Moreover, it discusses how DCs interact with other cells in the decidual leukocyte network to regulate uterine and placental homeostasis and the local maternal immune responses to the fetus. The review particularly examines the different cell lineages of DCs with specific surface markers, which have not been critically reviewed in previous publications. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact that even minor disruptions in DC functions can have on pregnancy-related complications and proposes further research into the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting DCs to manage these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deviyani Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Bidyut Prava Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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Yuk JS, Seo YS, Im YH, Kim JH. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: A nationwide cohort study in Korea. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 63:152280. [PMID: 37857046 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the impact of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in postmenopausal women and to examine the effects of each specific MHT drug. METHODS In this Korean population-based cohort study, 452,124 women aged > 40 years who consulted a healthcare provider for menopause were evaluated from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2014. After propensity score matching, 138,991 pairs were included in the MHT and non-MHT groups. Participants were followed up until December 31, 2020. RA was defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, limited to seropositive RA (M05). RESULTS RA developed in 567 (0.4 %) of the 138,424 patients in the MHT group. The RA risk in the MHT group was not significantly increased compared with that of controls (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.998-1.256). However, MHT use for ≤ 3 years was associated with an increased risk of RA (HR 1.277, 95 % CI 1.127-1.447). When estrogen/progestogen was used, the HR was 1.24 (95 % CI 1.05-1.46), whereas when tibolone was used, the HR was 1.33 (95 % CI 1.13-1.57). CONCLUSION The use of MHT did not show a significant impact on the development of RA in postmenopausal women. However, a subanalysis that specifically examined the duration of MHT revealed a noteworthy increase in the risk of RA during the initial 3 years of MHT use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Yuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Seo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyoun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Bogović Crnčić T, Girotto N, Ilić Tomaš M, Krištofić I, Klobučar S, Batičić L, Ćurko-Cofek B, Sotošek V. Innate Immunity in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15442. [PMID: 37895126 PMCID: PMC10607674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder clinically presented as Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). The pathogenesis of AITD is caused by an inappropriate immune response related to genetic, non-genetic, and environmental factors. Pregnancy is one of the factors that have a great influence on the function of the thyroid gland because of the increased metabolic demand and the effects of hormones related to pregnancy. During pregnancy, an adaptation of the maternal immune system occurs, especially of the innate immune system engaged in maintaining adaptive immunity in the tolerant state, preventing the rejection of the fetus. Pregnancy-related hormonal changes (estrogen, progesterone, hCG) may modulate the activity of innate immune cells, potentially worsening the course of AITD during pregnancy. This especially applies to NK cells, which are associated with exacerbation of HD and GD. On the other hand, previous thyroid disorders can affect fertility and cause adverse outcomes of pregnancy, such as placental abruption, spontaneous abortion, and premature delivery. Additionally, it can cause fetal growth retardation and may contribute to impaired neuropsychological development of the fetus. Therefore, maintaining the thyroid equilibrium in women of reproductive age and in pregnant women is of the highest importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Bogović Crnčić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Neva Girotto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Maja Ilić Tomaš
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Ines Krištofić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Klobučar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Lara Batičić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Vlatka Sotošek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Dodd KC, Menon M. Sex bias in lymphocytes: Implications for autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945762. [PMID: 36505451 PMCID: PMC9730535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a significant sex dimorphism, with women showing increased susceptibility to disease. This is, at least in part, due to sex-dependent differences in the immune system that are influenced by the complex interplay between sex hormones and sex chromosomes, with contribution from sociological factors, diet and gut microbiota. Sex differences are evident in the number and function of lymphocyte populations. Women mount a stronger pro-inflammatory response than males, with increased lymphocyte proliferation, activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, whereas men display expanded regulatory cell subsets. Ageing alters the immune landscape of men and women in differing ways, resulting in changes in autoimmune disease susceptibility. Here we review the current literature on sex differences in lymphocyte function, the factors that influence this, and the implications for autoimmune disease. We propose that improved understanding of sex bias in lymphocyte function can provide sex-specific tailoring of treatment strategies for better management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C. Dodd
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom,Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Madhvi Menon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Madhvi Menon,
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Lu X, Crowley SD. Actions of Dendritic Cells in the Kidney during Hypertension. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4087-4101. [PMID: 35950656 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The immune response plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and immune cell populations can promote blood pressure elevation via actions in the kidney. Among these cell lineages, dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, play a central role in regulating immune response during hypertension and kidney disease. DCs have different subtypes, and renal DCs are comprised of the CD103+ CD11b- and CD103- CD11b+ subsets. DCs become mature and express costimulatory molecules on their surface once they encounter antigen. Isolevuglandin-modified proteins function as antigens to activate DCs and trigger them to stimulate T cells. Activated T cells accumulate in the hypertensive kidney, release effector cytokines, promote renal oxidative stress, and promote renal salt and water retention. Individual subsets of activated T cells can secrete tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-17A, and interferon-gamma, each of which has augmented the elevation of blood pressure in hypertensive models by enhancing renal sodium transport. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand-dependent classical DCs are required to sustain the full hypertensive response, but C-X3 -C chemokine receptor 1 positive DCs do not regulate blood pressure. Excess sodium enters the DC through transporters to activate DCs, whereas the ubiquitin editor A20 in dendritic cells constrains blood pressure elevation by limiting T cell activation. By contrast, activation of the salt sensing kinase, serum/glucocorticoid kinase 1 in DCs exacerbates salt-sensitive hypertension. This article discusses recent studies illustrating mechanisms through which DC-T cell interactions modulate levels of pro-hypertensive mediators to regulate blood pressure via actions in the kidney. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-15, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Alharshawi K, Fey H, Vogle A, Klenk T, Kim M, Aloman C. Sex specific effect of alcohol on hepatic plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107166. [PMID: 33199233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease includes a spectrum of clinical and histological entities. They result from the combined direct effect of alcohol and its metabolites on immune cells and resident tissue cells. In humans and mice, females are more susceptible to alcoholic liver injury than males. Despite being involved in sex specific differences of immune mediated tissue injury, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have not been thoroughly assessed as a cellular target of alcohol in humans or mice. Therefore, Meadows-Cook diet was used to study alcohol effect on hepatic dendritic cells. Alcohol consumption for 12 weeks increased hepatic pDCs in female mice. The expression of the C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) increased in hepatic pDC of alcohol-fed female mice. Bone marrow transplant chimera showed CCR2 dependent bone marrow egress of pDCs. Chronic alcohol exposure has a sex specific effect on hepatic pDCs population that may explain sex differences to alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alharshawi
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Holger Fey
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Alyx Vogle
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Tori Klenk
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Miran Kim
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Costica Aloman
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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7
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Meester I, Rivera-Silva GF, González-Salazar F. Immune System Sex Differences May Bridge the Gap Between Sex and Gender in Fibromyalgia. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1414. [PMID: 32009888 PMCID: PMC6978848 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by chronic widespread pain, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and cognitive alterations. A limited efficacy of targeted treatment and a high FMS prevalence (2–5% of the adult population) sums up to high morbidity. Although, altered nociception has been explained with the central sensitization hypothesis, which may occur after neuropathy, its molecular mechanism is not understood. The marked female predominance among FMS patients is often attributed to a psychosocial predisposition of the female gender, but here we will focus on sex differences in neurobiological processes, specifically those of the immune system, as various immunological biomarkers are altered in FMS. The activation of innate immune sensors is compatible with a neuropathy or virus-induced autoimmune diseases. Considering sex differences in the immune system and the clustering of FMS with autoimmune diseases, we hypothesize that the female predominance in FMS is due to a neuropathy-induced autoimmune pathophysiology. We invite the scientific community to verify the autoimmune hypothesis for FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Meester
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Basic Sciences Department, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Francisco Rivera-Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Basic Sciences Department, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Francisco González-Salazar
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Basic Sciences Department, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico.,Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Northeast Center of Research, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Monterrey, Mexico
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8
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Yanan W, Wenyong Z, Ze L, Jingxia G, Lei M, Shengjie O, Bingjie Z, Xiaohu D, Weidong L, Guoyang L. Identification of genes and pathways in human antigen-presenting cell subsets in response to polio vaccine by bioinformatical analysis. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1729-1736. [PMID: 31187886 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polio eradication has been achieved in the world except for three countries due to the widespread use of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and the live-attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine. Following polio eradication, the IPV would be the only polio vaccine available. However, the mechanisms of the interactions between IPV and human antigen-presenting cells (APCs) remain largely unclear. METHODS To investigate the involvement of the IPV in human monocytes, we downloaded the gene chip GSE44721 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the GEO2R analysis tool. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for DEGs using the Metascape database. DEG-associated protein-protein-interactions (PPIs) were established by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes website and visualized by Cytoscape. RESULTS There were 240 DEGs (51 upregulated and 189 downregulated genes) identified from the GSE44721 data set, and they were significantly enriched in several biological processes, including antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib, adaptive immune response, and response to interferon-gamma. One hundred thirty-six nodes were screened from the DEG PPI network. There were six significant hub proteins (WDR36, MRTO4, RPF2, PPAN, CD40, and BMS1) that regulated the IPV in human monocytes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, using bioinformatical analysis, we have information for the immunization activated by the IPV in monocytes. Moreover, hormones and cytokines regulate the activation of APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yanan
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhu Wenyong
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Liu Ze
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Gao Jingxia
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ma Lei
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ouyang Shengjie
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhang Bingjie
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Dai Xiaohu
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Li Weidong
- The Department of Production Administration, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Liao Guoyang
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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9
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Abstract
The role of immune system is to protect the organism from the not built-in program-like alterations inside and against the agents penetrating from outside (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa). These functions were developed and formed during the evolution. Considering these functions, the immune system promotes the lengthening of lifespan and helps longevity. However, some immune functions have been conveyed by men to medical tools (e.g., pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and prevention), especially in our modern age, which help the struggle against microbes, but evolutionarily weaken the immune system. Aging is a gradual slow attrition by autoimmunity, directed by the thymus and regulated by the central nervous system and pineal gland. Considering this, thymus could be a pacemaker of aging. The remodeling of the immune system, which can be observed in elderly people and centenarians, is probably not a cause of aging, but a consequence of it, which helps to suit immunity to the requirements. Oxidative stress also helps the attrition of the immune cells and antioxidants help to prolong lifespan. There are gender differences in the aging of the immune system as well as in the longevity. There is an advantage for women in both cases. This can be explained by hormonal differences (estrogens positively influences both processes); however, social factors are also not excluded. The endocrine disruptor chemicals act similar to estrogens, like stimulating or suppressing immunity and provoking autoimmunity; however, their role in longevity is controversial. There are some drugs (rapamycin, metformin, and selegiline) and antioxidants (as vitamins C and E) that prolong lifespan and also improve immunity. It is difficult to declare that longevity is exclusively dependent on the state of the immune system; however, there is a parallelism between the state of immune system and lifespan. It seems likely that there is not a real decline of immunity during aging, but there is a remodeling of the system according to the claims of senescence. This is manifested in the remaining (sometimes stronger) function of memory cells in contrast to the production and number of the new antigen-reactive naive T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Habermehl TL, Parkinson KC, Hubbard GB, Ikeno Y, Engelmeyer JI, Schumacher B, Mason JB. Extension of longevity and reduction of inflammation is ovarian-dependent, but germ cell-independent in post-reproductive female mice. GeroScience 2019; 41:25-38. [PMID: 30547325 PMCID: PMC6423149 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, rare in premenopausal women, increases sharply at menopause and is typically accompanied by chronic inflammation. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that replacing senescent ovaries in post-reproductive mice with young, actively cycling ovaries restored many health benefits, including decreased cardiomyopathy and restoration of immune function. Our objective here was to determine if depletion of germ cells from young transplanted ovaries would alter the ovarian-dependent extension of life and health span. Sixty-day-old germ cell-depleted and germ cell-containing ovaries were transplanted to post-reproductive, 17-month-old mice. Mean life span for female CBA/J mice is approximately 644 days. Mice that received germ cell-containing ovaries lived 798 days (maximum = 815 days). Mice that received germ cell-depleted ovaries lived 880 days (maximum = 1046 days), 29% further past the time of surgery than mice that received germ cell-containing ovaries. The severity of inflammation was reduced in all mice that received young ovaries, whether germ cell-containing or germ cell-depleted. Aging-associated inflammatory cytokine changes were reversed in post-reproductive mice by 4 months of new-ovary exposure. In summary, germ cell depletion enhanced the longevity-extending effects of the young, transplanted ovaries and, as with germ cell-containing ovaries, decreased the severity of inflammation, but did so independent of germ cells. Based on these observations, we propose that gonadal somatic cells are programed to preserve the somatic health of the organism with the intent of facilitating future germline transmission. As reproductive potential decreases or is lost, the incentive to preserve the somatic health of the organism is lost as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Habermehl
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Kate C Parkinson
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Gene B Hubbard
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jennifer I Engelmeyer
- The Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD) Research Center, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- The Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD) Research Center, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Jeffrey B Mason
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, 4700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
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Aljadeff G, Longhi E, Shoenfeld Y. Bisphenol A: A notorious player in the mosaic of autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:370-377. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1551374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gali Aljadeff
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eleonora Longhi
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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12
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Panimolle F, Tiberti C, Granato S, Anzuini A, Pozza C, Lenzi A, Radicioni AF. Evidence of increased humoral endocrine organ-specific autoimmunity in severe and classic X-chromosome aneuploidies in comparison with 46,XY control subjects. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:175-182. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1477134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Panimolle
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiberti
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Granato
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Anzuini
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pozza
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio F. Radicioni
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Perng P, Zampella JG, Okoye GA. Considering the impact of pregnancy on the natural history of hidradenitis suppurativa. Br J Dermatol 2017; 178:e13-e14. [PMID: 28718895 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Perng
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - J G Zampella
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - G A Okoye
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
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Zhang Q, Huang Y, Zhang K, Yan Y, Wu J, Wang F, Zhao Y, Xu H, Jiang W, Yu D, Chen Y, Ye D. Progesterone attenuates hypertension and autoantibody levels to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor in response to elevated cadmium during pregnancy. Placenta 2017; 62:16-24. [PMID: 29405962 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is associated with the presence of pathogenic angiotensin-receptor-activating autoantibodies. Cadmium is an increasingly prevalent environmental pollutant that can mimic oestrogens, which may enhance immunoglobulin production. Progesterone exerts opposite effects to oestrogen. METHODS We measured the levels of cadmium and progesterone in preeclamptic patients and controls. Pregnant rats exposed to cadmium (0.125 mg/kg body weight) from gestational day 9-12 were treated with/without progesterone (3 mg/kg) beginning from gestational day 9 to delivery. We analysed the main features of preeclampsia and circulating level of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody. We also measured the expression of activation-induced cytosine deaminase in B cells. RESULTS There were higher cadmium levels and lower progesterone levels in the blood of preeclamptic women than in the blood of those with a healthy pregnancy. Based on this finding, a rat model of preeclampsia was established by intraperitoneally administrating low-dose cadmium on gestational days 9-12. Rats were then treated with/without progesterone. Key features of preeclampsia, including hypertension, proteinuria and placental abnormalities, appeared in pregnant rats after cadmium injection and improved after treatment with progesterone. Cadmium increased immunoglobulin production, mainly angiotensin II type 1-receptor-agonistic autoantibodies, by increasing the expression of activation-induced cytosine deaminase in B cells; progesterone exerted an opposite effect. CONCLUSION Cadmium induced immune abnormalities that may be a key pathogenic contributor to preeclampsia. Progesterone supplementation to correct hormonal imbalance may be a viable strategy for preeclampsia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinping Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Keke Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danyang Yu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongtao Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Duyun Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Bengtsson C, Malspeis S, Orellana C, Sparks JA, Costenbader KH, Karlson EW. Association Between Menopausal Factors and the Risk of Seronegative and Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From the Nurses' Health Studies. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 69:1676-1684. [PMID: 28085997 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether menopausal factors are associated with the development of serologic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) phenotypes. METHODS Data were analyzed from the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS; 1976-2010 and NHSII 1989-2011). A total of 120,700 female nurses ages 30-55 years in the NHS, and a total of 116,430 female nurses ages 25-42 years in the NHSII, were followed via biennial questionnaires on lifestyle and disease outcomes. In total, 1,096 incident RA cases were confirmed by questionnaire and chart review. Seropositive RA was defined as rheumatoid factor positive (RF) or antibodies to citrullinated protein antigen (ACPA) positive, and seronegative RA was defined as RF negative and ACPA negative. We used Cox proportional hazards models to obtain multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of seropositive/seronegative RA associated with menopausal status, age at menopause, type of menopause, ovulatory years, and postmenopausal hormone therapy (PMH) use. RESULTS Postmenopausal women had a 2-fold increased risk of seronegative RA, compared with premenopausal women (NHS: HR 1.8 [95% CI 1.1-3.0], NHSII: HR 2.4 [95% CI 1.4-3.9], and pooled HR 2.1 [95% CI 1.4-3.0]). Natural menopause at early age (≤44 years) was associated with an increased risk of seronegative RA (pooled HR 2.4 [95% CI 1.5-4.0]). None of the menopausal factors was significantly associated with seropositive RA. We observed no association between PMH use and the risk of seronegative or seropositive RA, except that PMH use of ≥8 years was associated with increased risk of seropositive RA (pooled HR 1.4 [95% CI 1.1-1.9]). CONCLUSION Postmenopause and natural menopause at an early age were strongly associated with seronegative RA, but only marginally with seropositive RA, suggesting potential differences in the etiology of RA subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bengtsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan Malspeis
- Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cecilia Orellana
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth W Karlson
- Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Vasile M, Corinaldesi C, Antinozzi C, Crescioli C. Vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A view inside gender differences. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:228-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Roved J, Westerdahl H, Hasselquist D. Sex differences in immune responses: Hormonal effects, antagonistic selection, and evolutionary consequences. Horm Behav 2017; 88:95-105. [PMID: 27956226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Males and females differ in both parasite load and the strength of immune responses and these effects have been verified in humans and other vertebrates. Sex hormones act as important modulators of immune responses; the male sex hormone testosterone is generally immunosuppressive while the female sex hormone estrogen tends to be immunoenhancing. Different sets of T-helper cells (Th) have important roles in adaptive immunity, e.g. Th1 cells trigger type 1 responses which are primarily cell-mediated, and Th2 cells trigger type 2 responses which are primarily humoral responses. In our review of the literature, we find that estrogen and progesterone enhance type 2 and suppress type 1 responses in females, whereas testosterone suppresses type 2 responses and shows an inconsistent pattern for type 1 responses in males. When we combine these patterns of generally immunosuppressive and immunoenhancing effects of the sex hormones, our results imply that the sex differences in immune responses should be particularly strong in immune functions associated with type 2 responses, and less pronounced with type 1 responses. In general the hormone-mediated sex differences in immune responses may lead to genetic sexual conflicts on immunity. Thus, we propose the novel hypothesis that sexually antagonistic selection may act on immune genes shared by the sexes, and that the strength of this sexually antagonistic selection should be stronger for type 2- as compared with type 1-associated immune genes. Finally, we put the consequences of sex hormone-induced effects on immune responses into behavioral and ecological contexts, considering social mating system, sexual selection, geographical distribution of hosts, and parasite abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Roved
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Helena Westerdahl
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dennis Hasselquist
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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18
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Xiu F, Anipindi VC, Nguyen PV, Boudreau J, Liang H, Wan Y, Snider DP, Kaushic C. High Physiological Concentrations of Progesterone Reverse Estradiol-Mediated Changes in Differentiation and Functions of Bone Marrow Derived Dendritic Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153304. [PMID: 27064901 PMCID: PMC4827838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Female sex steroids, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), play a key role in regulating immune responses in women, including dendritic cell (DC) development, and functions. Although the two hormones co-occur in the body of women throughout the reproductive years, no studies have explored their complex combinatorial effects on DCs, given their ability to regulate each other’s actions. We examined murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC) differentiation and functions, in the presence of a wide range of physiological concentrations of each hormone, as well as the combination of the two hormones. E2 (10−12 to 10-8M) enhanced the differentiation of CD11b+CD11c+ DCs from BM precursor cells, and promoted the expression of CD40 and MHC Class-II, in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, P4 (10−9 to 10-5M) inhibited DC differentiation, but only at the highest concentrations. These effects on BMDCs were observed both in the presence or absence of LPS. When both hormones were combined, higher concentrations of P4, at levels seen in pregnancy (10-6M) reversed the E2 effects, regardless of the concentration of E2, especially in the absence of LPS. Functionally, antigen uptake was decreased and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-12, IL-1 and IL-6 production by CD11b+CD11c+ DCs, was increased in the presence of E2 and these effects were reversed by high concentrations of P4. Our results demonstrate the distinct effects of E2 and P4 on differentiation and functions of bone marrow myeloid DCs. The dominating effect of higher physiological concentrations of P4 provides insight into how DC functions could be modulated during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Xiu
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Varun C. Anipindi
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Philip V. Nguyen
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Jeanette Boudreau
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Hong Liang
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Yonghong Wan
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Denis P. Snider
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Charu Kaushic
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
- * E-mail:
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Tsur A, Hughes GC, Shoenfeld Y, Carp H. Interdisciplinary exchange of ideas: progestagens for autoimmunity, biologics for pregnancy complications. Immunol Res 2015; 61:31-4. [PMID: 25550090 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the role of immune, alloimmune and autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of spontaneous preterm birth and recurrent pregnancy loss. The association between an inflammatory response and preterm labor has been established. Indeed, many women suffering from preterm labor have elevated inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and matrix metaloproeinase 8. The role of immune processes in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss has also been widely researched. Progesterone induces many physiologic effects necessary for healthy pregnancy, and progestagens supplementation has been used as an approach to prevent preterm labor and recurrent pregnancy loss. Progestagens also have potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions. Because preterm labor and recurrent pregnancy loss are associated with abnormal inflammation, progestagens may maintain healthy pregnancy through both endocrine and immunologic actions. These immunologic actions, such as suppression of Th1- and Th17-related responses, enhancement of regulatory T cell (Tregs) activity and suppression of inflammation, may also be involved in pregnancy-induced remission of certain autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Accordingly, there is growing interest in the potential therapeutic role of progestagens in the treatment of MS and RA. In this review, we suggest that biologic autoimmune modulators, especially those which affect immune pathways similar to progestagens, may provide more potent and specific effects, and hence better results than progestagens, in preventing preterm labor and recurrent pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Tsur
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel,
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20
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Kokic V, Martinovic Kaliterna D, Radic M, Perkovic D, Cvek M, Capkun V. Relationship between vitamin D, IFN-γ, and E2 levels in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2015; 25:282-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203315605367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relationship between vitamin D, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and estradiol (E2) in females of childbearing age with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study included 22 SLE patients, and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), E2, and IFN-γ were measured by radioimmunoassay using the gamma-counter and ELISA. Patients and control subjects were divided into two groups based on their vitamin D levels (25(OH)D3 ≤ 20 ng/mL; 25(OH)D3 > 20 ng/mL). The median values of IFN-γ and E2 were higher in SLE patients compared to the controls, irrespective of vitamin D level ( p = 0.001, p = 0.009, p = 0.003, and p = 0.003, respectively). In SLE patients, there was a negative correlation between IFN-γ and 25(OH)D3 ( rs = −0.330; p = 0.03) and a positive correlation between IFN-γ and E2 ( rs = 0.404; p = 0.007). This study demonstrates an interesting interplay between vitamin D, INF-γ, and E2 in SLE patients with inactive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kokic
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, University Hospital of Split, Croatia
| | | | - M Radic
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Split, Croatia
| | - D Perkovic
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Split, Croatia
| | - M Cvek
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Croatia
| | - V Capkun
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Croatia
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Host responses to the pathogen Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and beneficial microbes exhibit host sex specificity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 80:4481-90. [PMID: 24814797 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01229-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences between microbial pathogenesis in male and female hosts are well characterized in disease conditions connected to sexual transmission. However, limited biological insight is available on variances attributed to sex specificity in host-microbe interactions, and it is most often a minimized variable outside these transmission events. In this work, we studied two gut microbes-a pathogen, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and a probiotic, Lactobacillus animalis NP-51-and the interaction between each agent and the male and female gastrointestinal systems. This trial was conducted in BALB/c mice (n=5 per experimental group and per sex at a given time point), with analysis at four time points over 180 days. Host responses to M.avium subsp. paratuberculosis and L. animalis were sensitive to sex. Cytokines that were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) betweenthe sexes included interleukin-1α/β (IL-1α/β), IL-17, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and gamma interferon (IFN-) and were dependent on experimental conditions. However, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and IL-13/23 showed no sex specificity. A metabolomics study indicated a 0.5- to 2.0-fold (log2 scale) increase in short-chain fatty acids (butyrate and acetate) in males and greater increases in o-phosphocholine or histidine from female colon tissues; variances distinct to each sex were observed with age or long-term probiotic consumption. Two genera, Staphylococcus and Roseburia, were consistently overrepresented in females compared to males; other species were specific to one sex but fluctuated depending on experimental conditions. The differences observed suggest that male and female gut tissues and microbiota respond to newly introduced microorganisms differently and that gut-associated microorganisms with host immune system responses and metabolic activity are supported by biology distinct to the host sex.
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Tan IJ, Peeva E, Zandman-Goddard G. Hormonal modulation of the immune system — A spotlight on the role of progestogens. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:536-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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23
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Guthrie BL, Introini A, Roxby AC, Choi RY, Bosire R, Lohman-Payne B, Hirbod T, Farquhar C, Broliden K. Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Use Is Associated With Elevated Innate Immune Effector Molecules in Cervicovaginal Secretions of HIV-1-Uninfected Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 69:1-10. [PMID: 25622059 PMCID: PMC4424097 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of sex hormones on the immune defenses of the female genital mucosa and its susceptibility to infections are poorly understood. The injectable hormonal contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) may increase the risk for HIV-1 acquisition. We assessed the local concentration in the female genital mucosa of cationic polypeptides with reported antiviral activity in relation to DMPA use. METHODS HIV-1-uninfected women were recruited from among couples testing for HIV in Nairobi, Kenya. Cervicovaginal secretion samples were collected, and the concentrations of HNP1-3, LL-37, lactoferrin, HBD-2, and SLPI were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Levels of cationic polypeptides in cervicovaginal secretions were compared between women who were not using hormonal contraception and those using DMPA, oral, or implantable contraception. RESULTS Among 228 women, 165 (72%) reported not using hormonal contraception at enrollment, 41 (18%) used DMPA, 16 (7%) used an oral contraceptive, and 6 (3%) used a contraceptive implant. Compared with nonusers of hormonal contraception, DMPA users had significantly higher mean levels of HNP1-3 (2.38 vs. 2.04 log₁₀ ng/mL; P = 0.024), LL-37 (0.81 vs. 0.40 log10 ng/mL; P = 0.027), and lactoferrin (3.03 vs. 2.60 log₁₀ ng/mL; P = 0.002), whereas SLPI and HBD-2 were similar. CONCLUSIONS Although all analyzed cationic polypeptides have intrinsic antiviral capacity, their interaction and cumulative effect on female genital mucosa susceptibility to infections in vivo has yet to be unraveled. This study suggests a potential mechanism underlying the effect of DMPA on the innate immune defenses, providing a rationale to investigate its effect on HIV-1 acquisition risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Guthrie
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrea Introini
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alison C. Roxby
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Y. Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rose Bosire
- Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Barbara Lohman-Payne
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Taha Hirbod
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristina Broliden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wong AH, Agrawal N, Hughes GC. Altered IgG autoantibody levels and CD4(+) T cell subsets in lupus-prone Nba2 mice lacking the nuclear progesterone receptor. Autoimmunity 2015; 48:389-401. [PMID: 25857203 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Important interactions between female reproduction and autoimmunity are suggested by the female-predominance of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases and the amelioration of certain autoimmune diseases during pregnancy. Sexually dimorphic risk of developing SLE involves modulation of genetic risk by environmental factors, sex hormones and non-hormonal factors encoded on the sex chromosomes. In some lupus models, estrogen, via estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α), enhances production of highly pathogenic IgG2a/c autoantibodies (autoAbs). Some studies indicate that treatment with progesterone, a chief female reproductive steroid, can suppress IgG2a/2c autoAb production. Little is known about how endogenous progesterone impacts lupus autoimmunity. To investigate this, we introduced a disruptive progesterone receptor (PR) gene mutation into lupus-prone mice and tracked the development of spontaneous IgG autoAbs. Here, we present evidence that PR can suppress the emergence of class-switched IgG2c autoAbs, suggesting that PR and ER-α counter-regulate a critical step in lupus autoimmunity. PR's control of IgG2c autoAb production correlates with alterations in the relative abundance of splenic T follicular helper (TFH) cells and non-TFH CD4(+) T cells, especially regulatory T cells (TREGS). Surprisingly, PR also appears to help to maintain sexually dimorphic abundance of splenic leukocytes, a feature common to many mouse models of SLE. Together our results identify a novel molecular link between female reproduction and lupus autoimmunity. Further investigation into the immunomodulatory functions of PR promises to inform reproductive health care in women and offers mechanistic insight into important immunologic phenomena of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Wong
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA population-based case-control study. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:449-57. [PMID: 25762170 PMCID: PMC4457806 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To study the association between postmenopausal hormone therapy (PMH) use and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stratifying the cases by the presence/absence of antibodies against citrullinated peptides (ACPA). A subset of the Epidemiological Investigation of RA (EIRA), a population-based case-control study, comprising postmenopausal women aged 50–70 living in Sweden, between 2006 and 2011 was analysed (523 cases and 1057 controls). All participants answered an extensive questionnaire, including questions regarding PMH use and potential confounders (education, smoking, BMI, oral contraceptives, reproductive factors). We calculated odds ratios (OR) of developing ACPA-positive/-negative RA, with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) and adjusted for age, residential area and smoking. Current users of PMH had a decreased risk of ACPA-positive RA compared with never users (OR 0.6, 95 % CI 0.3–0.9). The decreased risk was observed mainly in the age-group 50–59 years (OR 0.3, 95 % CI 0.1–0.8) but not in the age-group 60–70 years (OR 0.8, 95 % CI 0.4–1.4). Among current users of a combined therapy (estrogen plus progestogens) an OR of 0.3 (95 % CI 0.1–0.7) of ACPA-positive RA was observed, while no significant association was found among women who used estrogen only (OR 0.8, 95 % CI 0.5–1.6). No association between PMH use and ACPA-negative RA was found. PMH use might reduce the risk of ACPA-positive RA in post-menopausal women over 50 years of age, but not of ACPA-negative RA. The negative influence of this treatment on the risk of other chronic conditions cannot be overlooked.
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Gorvel L, Ben Amara A, Ka MB, Textoris J, Gorvel JP, Mege JL. Myeloid decidual dendritic cells and immunoregulation of pregnancy: defective responsiveness to Coxiella burnetii and Brucella abortus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:179. [PMID: 25566514 PMCID: PMC4275036 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a component of the placental immune system, but their role in pregnancy is still poorly understood. Decidual DCs (dDCs) were selected from at-term pregnancy on the basis of CD14 and CD11c expression. A phenotypic analysis revealed that dDCs are characterized by the expression of monocyte-derived DC (moDCs) markers and specific markers such as HLA-G and its ligand ILT4. As demonstrated by whole-genome microarray, dDCs expressed a specific gene program markedly distinct from that of moDCs; it included estrogen- and progesterone-regulated genes and genes encoding immunoregulatory cytokines, which is consistent with the context of foeto-maternal tolerance. A functional analysis of dDCs showed that they were unable to mature in response to bacterial ligands such as lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan, as assessed by the expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, and CD86. When dDCs were incubated with bacteria known for their placenta tropism, Coxiella burnetii and Brucella abortus, they were also unable to mature and to produce inflammatory cytokines. It is likely that the defective maturation of dDCs and their inability to produce inflammatory cytokines is related to the spontaneous release of IL-10 by these cells. Taken together, these results suggest that dDCs exhibit an immunoregulatory program, which may favor the pathogenicity of C. burnetii or B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gorvel
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Amira Ben Amara
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Mignane B Ka
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- UM2, INSERM U1104, CNRS, UMR7280, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
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Stojić-Vukanić Z, Nacka-Aleksić M, Bufan B, Pilipović I, Arsenović-Ranin N, Djikić J, Kosec D, Leposavić G. 17β-Estradiol influences in vitro response of aged rat splenic conventional dendritic cells to TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists in an agonist specific manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 24:24-35. [PMID: 25479725 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken considering that, despite the broad use of the unopposed estrogen replacement therapy in elderly women, data on estrogen influence on the functional capacity of dendritic cells (DCs), and consequently immune response are limited. We examined the influence of 17β-estradiol on phenotype, cytokine secretory profile, and allostimulatory and polarizing capacity of splenic (OX62+) conventional DCs from 26-month-old (aged) Albino Oxford rats matured in vitro in the presence of LPS, a TLR4 agonist, and R848, a TLR7/8 agonist. In the presence of 17β-estradiol, DCs from aged rats exhibited an impaired ability to mature upon stimulation with LPS, as shown by the lower surface density of MHC II and costimulatory CD80 and CD86 molecules. 17β-Estradiol alone enhanced CD40 expression in OX62+ DCs without affecting the expression of other costimulatory molecules, thereby confirming that the expression of this molecule is regulated independently from the regulation of other costimulatory molecules. However, although R848 upregulated the expression of MHC II and CD80 and CD40 costimulatory molecules on DCs, 17β-estradiol diminished the effect of this TLR agonist only on MHC II expression. In conjunction, the previous findings suggest that LPS and R848 elicit changes in the expression of costimulatory molecules via triggering differential intracellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, 17β-estradiol diminished the stimulatory influence of both LPS- and R848-matured OX62+ DCs on allogeneic CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Moreover, as shown in MLR, the exposure to 17β-estradiol during LPS- and R848-induced maturation diminished Th1- and enhanced Th17-driving capacity and reduced Th1-driving capacity of OX62+ DCs, respectively. This suggests that LPS and R848 affect not only the surface phenotype, but also functional characteristics of OX62+ DCs triggering distinct intracellular signaling pathways. Collectively, the findings indicate that estrogen directly acting on OX62+ DCs, may affect CD4+ lymphocyte-dependent immune response in aged female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Center "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Arsenović-Ranin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Djikić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Kosec
- Immunology Research Center "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in systemic lupus erythematosus: from bench to bedside. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2014; 5:33-45. [PMID: 26000154 PMCID: PMC4389042 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-014-0058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is considered an autoimmune disease with multiorgan involvement. Many advances have been made during the last decade regarding inflammatory pathways, genetic and epigenetic alterations, adaptive and innate immune system mechanisms specifically involved in SLE pathogenesis. Apoptosis has been proposed as an important player in SLE pathogenesis more than a decade ago. However, only recently new key apoptotic pathways have been investigated and the link between apoptotic debris containing autoantigens, innate immunity and ongoing inflammation has been further elucidated. Better understanding of cellular mechanisms and involved cytokines contributed to the development of new biological drugs specifically addressed for SLE therapy.
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30
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Ngo ST, Steyn FJ, McCombe PA. Gender differences in autoimmune disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:347-69. [PMID: 24793874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a range of diseases in which the immune response to self-antigens results in damage or dysfunction of tissues. Autoimmune diseases can be systemic or can affect specific organs or body systems. For most autoimmune diseases there is a clear sex difference in prevalence, whereby females are generally more frequently affected than males. In this review, we consider gender differences in systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, and we summarize human data that outlines the prevalence of common autoimmune diseases specific to adult males and females in countries commonly surveyed. We discuss possible mechanisms for sex specific differences including gender differences in immune response and organ vulnerability, reproductive capacity including pregnancy, sex hormones, genetic predisposition, parental inheritance, and epigenetics. Evidence demonstrates that gender has a significant influence on the development of autoimmune disease. Thus, considerations of gender should be at the forefront of all studies that attempt to define mechanisms that underpin autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ngo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - F J Steyn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - P A McCombe
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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31
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Nguyen PV, Kafka JK, Ferreira VH, Roth K, Kaushic C. Innate and adaptive immune responses in male and female reproductive tracts in homeostasis and following HIV infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:410-27. [PMID: 24976268 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The male and female reproductive tracts are complex microenvironments that have diverse functional demands. The immune system in the reproductive tract has the demanding task of providing a protective environment for a fetal allograft while simultaneously conferring protection against potential pathogens. As such, it has evolved a unique set of adaptations, primarily under the influence of sex hormones, which make it distinct from other mucosal sites. Here, we discuss the various components of the immune system that are present in both the male and female reproductive tracts, including innate soluble factors and cells and humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immunity under homeostatic conditions. We review the evidence showing unique phenotypic and functional characteristics of immune cells and responses in the male and female reproductive tracts that exhibit compartmentalization from systemic immunity and discuss how these features are influenced by sex hormones. We also examine the interactions among the reproductive tract, sex hormones and immune responses following HIV-1 infection. An improved understanding of the unique characteristics of the male and female reproductive tracts will provide insights into improving clinical treatments of the immunological causes of infertility and the design of prophylactic interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections.
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Enninga EAL, Holtan SG, Creedon DJ, Dronca RS, Nevala WK, Ognjanovic S, Markovic SN. Immunomodulatory effects of sex hormones: requirements for pregnancy and relevance in melanoma. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:520-35. [PMID: 24684874 PMCID: PMC4286150 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Similarities between the pathologic progression of cancer and the physiologic process of placentation (eg, proliferation, invasion, and local/systemic tolerance) have been recognized for many years. Sex hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogens, progesterone, and others contribute to induction of immunologic tolerance at the beginning of gestation. Sex hormones have been shown to play contributory roles in the growth of cancers such as breast cancer, prostrate cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer, but their involvement as putative mediators of the immunologic escape of cancer is still being elucidated. Herein, we compare the emerging mechanism by which sex hormones modulate systemic immunity in pregnancy and their potentially similar role in cancer. To do this, we conducted a PubMed search using combinations of the following keywords: "immune regulation," "sex hormones," "pregnancy," "melanoma," and "cancer." We did not limit our search to specific publication dates. Mimicking the maternal immune response to pregnancy, especially in late gestation, might aid in design of better therapies to reconstitute endogenous antitumor immunity and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Svetomir N Markovic
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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34
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Hafner LM, Cunningham K, Beagley KW. Ovarian steroid hormones: effects on immune responses and Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the female genital tract. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:859-75. [PMID: 23860476 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Female sex hormones are known to regulate the adaptive and innate immune functions of the female reproductive tract. This review aims to update our current knowledge of the effects of the sex hormones estradiol and progesterone in the female reproductive tract on innate immunity, antigen presentation, specific immune responses, antibody secretion, genital tract infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, and vaccine-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Hafner
- Infectious Diseases Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
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35
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Estradiol downregulates NF-κb translocation by Ikbkg transcriptional repression in dendritic cells. Genes Immun 2013; 14:462-9. [PMID: 23883819 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To reconcile immunity and reproduction, females must allow spermatozoa to survive and control the presence of commensal microbiota and sexually transmitted pathogens during ovulation. Female steroid sex hormones exert a powerful effect on the immune system, as do the hormonal changes associated with the ovarian cycle. Dendritic cells (DCs) are immunological sentinels that link innate immunity to adaptive immunity. Upon exposure to microbial invaders in tissue, they undergo a maturational process that culminates in the lymph nodes and activates T-cell-specific immune responses. Estradiol, which is highly expressed during ovulation, has an effect on the maturation of DCs, although the molecular mechanism remains elusive. We detected that estradiol regulates expression of Ikbkg in DCs and modulates nuclear factor-κb translocation to the nucleus, thus explaining the reduced DC function observed during ovulation. This change may be an adaptive mechanism to reconcile control of infection and reproductive functions.
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36
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Heinze A, Elze MC, Kloess S, Ciocarlie O, Königs C, Betz S, Bremm M, Esser R, Klingebiel T, Serban M, Hutton JL, Koehl U. Age-matched dendritic cell subpopulations reference values in childhood. Scand J Immunol 2013; 77:213-20. [PMID: 23298344 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells and are the key link between the innate and adaptive immune response. Only a few reports with study populations of up to 50 individuals have been published with age-based reference values for DC subpopulations in healthy children. Therefore, we aimed to establish reference ranges in a larger study population of 100 healthy children, which allowed age-matched subgroups. Most previous studies were performed using a dual-platform approach. In this study, a single-platform approach in a lyse no-wash procedure was used. DC subpopulations were defined as follows: CD45(+) CD85k(+) HLA-DR(+) CD14(-) CD16(-) CD33(+) cells as myeloid DCs (mDCs) and CD45(+) CD85k(+) HLA-DR(+) CD14(-) CD16(-) CD123(+) cells as plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Reference ranges were established using a semi-parametric regression of age-matched absolute and relative DC counts. We found a significant decline with increasing age in the medians of mDCs (P = 0.0003) and pDCs per μl peripheral blood (PB) (P = 0.004) and in the 50%, 90% and 95% reference ranges. We also identified significantly lower absolute cell counts of mDCs per μl PB in girls than in boys for all age groups (P = 0.0015). Due to the larger paediatric study population and single-platform approach, this study may give a more precise overview of the normal age-matched development of DC subpopulations and may provide a basis for analyzing abnormal DC counts in different illnesses or therapies such as post stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heinze
- Department of Pediatrics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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37
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Challier J, Bruniquel D, Sewell AK, Laugel B. Adenosine and cAMP signalling skew human dendritic cell differentiation towards a tolerogenic phenotype with defective CD8(+) T-cell priming capacity. Immunology 2013; 138:402-10. [PMID: 23278551 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endogenous mechanisms that regulate immune and inflammatory processes contribute to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and prevent chronic inflammation in mammals. Yet pathogens and tumours are able to exploit these homeostatic pathways to foster immunosuppressive microenvironments and evade immune surveillance. The release of adenosine in the extracellular space contributes to these phenomena by exerting a broad range of immunomodulatory effects. Here we document the influence of adenosine receptor triggering on human dendritic cell differentiation and functions. We show that the expression of several immunomodulatory proteins and myeloid/monocytic lineage markers was affected by adenosine receptors and the cAMP pathway. These changes were reminiscent of the phenotype associated with tolerogenic dendritic cells and, functionally, translated into a defective capacity to prime CD8(+) T-cells with a common tumour antigen in vitro. These results establish a novel mechanism by which adenosine hampers CD8(+) T-cell immunity via dendritic cells that may contribute to peripheral tolerance as well as to the establishment of immunosuppressive microenvironments relevant to tumour biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Challier
- Geneva Research Centre, Merck Serono S.A., Geneva, Switzerland
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38
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Is Female Sex a Risk Factor for Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization After Transfusion? A Systematic Review. Transfus Med Rev 2012; 26:342-53, 353.e1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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39
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Kovats S. Estrogen receptors regulate an inflammatory pathway of dendritic cell differentiation: mechanisms and implications for immunity. Horm Behav 2012; 62:254-62. [PMID: 22561458 PMCID: PMC3415586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells and hematopoietic progenitors express estrogen receptors (ER). As ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate chromatin structure, ER regulate transcriptional programs that direct the development or functional responses of immune cells. ER-regulated immune responses likely contribute to significant sex biases in infection, autoimmunity and other inflammatory diseases, and changes in immune function during the female hormonal cycle and pregnancy. Here we summarize our own and others' studies showing that ERα signaling regulates the development of dendritic cells (DCs), antigen-presenting cells crucial for initiation of innate and adaptive immunity. During inflammation, elevated GM-CSF directs the development of new DCs from monocytes or other precursors that infiltrate tissues and lymphoid organs, and these de novo populations of inflammatory DCs have critical roles in programming T cell-mediated responses during infection and autoimmunity. Estradiol acting via ERα, but not ERβ, promotes the GM-CSF-mediated inflammatory pathway of DC differentiation, leading to the development of DCs with increased functional capacity. Estradiol/ERα signaling acts directly in GM-CSF-stimulated myeloid progenitors to induce elevated levels of IRF4, a transcription factor that directs a developmental program underlying CD11b⁺ DC differentiation. In contrast, during homeostatic Flt3 Ligand-driven DC development, ERα signaling decreases numbers of myeloid progenitors and differentiated DCs, yet promotes more functionally competent DCs. Thus ERα signaling regulates the response of DC progenitors to the external cytokine environment, thereby altering the strength or integrity of DC developmental pathways. The development of increased numbers of DCs during inflammation will likely increase the magnitude of DC-mediated functional responses including cytokine production, processing and MHC-mediated presentation of antigens, and activation and polarization of T and B lymphocytes; these functions also may be regulated directly by ERα signaling. In sum, via profound effects on DC development and ensuing functional responses, ERα signaling can regulate the quality of the adaptive immune responses and influence the resolution of infection or chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kovats
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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40
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Huston WM, Harvie M, Mittal A, Timms P, Beagley KW. Vaccination to protect against infection of the female reproductive tract. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 8:81-94. [PMID: 22149343 DOI: 10.1586/eci.11.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infection of the female genital tract can result in serious morbidities and mortalities from reproductive disability, pelvic inflammatory disease and cancer, to impacts on the fetus, such as infant blindness. While therapeutic agents are available, frequent testing and treatment is required to prevent the occurrence of the severe disease sequelae. Hence, sexually transmitted infections remain a major public health burden with ongoing social and economic barriers to prevention and treatment. Unfortunately, while there are two success stories in the development of vaccines to protect against HPV infection of the female reproductive tract, many serious infectious agents impacting on the female reproductive tract still have no vaccines available. Vaccination to prevent infection of the female reproductive tract is an inherently difficult target, with many impacting factors, such as appropriate vaccination strategies/mechanisms to induce a suitable protective response locally in the genital tract, variation in the local immune responses due to the hormonal cycle, selection of vaccine antigen(s) that confers effective protection against multiple variants of a single pathogen (e.g., the different serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis) and timing of the vaccine administration prior to infection exposure. Despite these difficulties, there are numerous ongoing efforts to develop effective vaccines against these infectious agents and it is likely that this important human health field will see further major developments in the next 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina M Huston
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
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42
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Xu Y, He H, Li C, Shi Y, Wang Q, Li W, Song W. Immunosuppressive effect of progesterone on dendritic cells in mice. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 91:17-23. [PMID: 21856019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone has been demonstrated to be involved in maintaining pregnancy by regulating immunocytes. Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent triggers of the adaptive immune response, express receptors for steroid hormones and are regarded as one of the primary targets of progesterone. However, the functional modification of DCs by progesterone remains poorly understood. Here, we report that progesterone does not affect the morphology or apoptosis of murine bone marrow-derived DCs. Progesterone-treated DCs were characterized by decreased expression of Ia (MHC class II), CD80 and CD86, increased production of IL-10, and decreased secretion of IL-12. Compared with mature DCs (mDCs), activated progesterone-treated DCs had a reduced capacity to stimulate CD4(+) T cell proliferation. The observation that progesterone-treated DCs could attenuate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in vivo suggests that progesterone mediates suppressive DC activity. However, transfer of progesterone-treated DCs into the peritoneal cavity of mice did not elevate the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in the spleen. Overall, our study helps to increase understanding of the role of DCs exposed to progesterone in the maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Xu
- Department of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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43
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Geurs TL, Hill EB, Lippold DM, French AR. Sex differences in murine susceptibility to systemic viral infections. J Autoimmun 2011; 38:J245-53. [PMID: 22209097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to autoimmunity in females is often viewed as the consequence of enhanced immunoreactivity providing superior protection against infections. We paradoxically observed greater mortality in female compared to male mice during systemic viral infections with three large double-stranded DNA viruses (herpes simplex virus type I [HSV], murine cytomegalovirus [MCMV], and vaccinia virus [VV]). Indeed, female mice were 27-fold more susceptible to infection with HSV than male mice. Elimination of estrogen by ovariectomy in female mice or addition of estrogen to castrated male mice only partially eliminated the observed sex differences following HSV infection. However, the differences observed in survival between female and male mice were nearly abrogated in the absence of type I interferon receptor signaling and substantially mitigated in absence of DAP12 signaling. Interestingly, the sex-specific impact of type I interferon receptor and DAP12 signaling differentially influenced survival during systemic viral infections with type I interferon receptor signaling enhancing male survival and DAP12 signaling increasing the susceptibility of female mice. These results have potential implications for the sex disparities observed in human autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Geurs
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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44
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Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in human immune systems is most apparent in the female predominance of certain autoimmune diseases (ADs) like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Epidemiologic, observational and experimental evidence strongly suggest sex steroids are important modulators of genetic risk in human AD. In this regard, the roles of progesterone (Pg), an immunomodulatory female sex steroid, are poorly understood. Several lines of investigation indicate Pg and synthetic progestins impact risk of AD and immune-mediated injury in different ways depending on their concentrations and their engagement of various Pg receptors expressed in immune organs, immune cells or tissues targeted by immune attack. At low physiologic levels, Pg may enhance interferon-alpha (IFN-α) pathways important in SLE pathogenesis. Commonly used synthetic progestins may have the opposite effect. At pregnancy levels, Pg may suppress disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS) via inhibition of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 pathways and induction of anti-inflammatory molecules. Importantly, Pg's immunomodulatory effects differ from those of estrogens and androgens. An additional layer of complexity arises from apparent interdependence of sex hormone signaling pathways. Identifying mechanisms by which Pg and other sex steroids modulate risk of AD and immune-mediated injury will require clarification of their cellular and molecular targets in vivo. These future studies should be informed by recent genetic discoveries in human AD, particularly those revealing their sex-specific genetic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C Hughes
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 356428, Seattle, WA 98195–6428, USA.
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45
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17β-estradiol induces CD40 expression in dendritic cells via MAPK signaling pathways in a minichromosome maintenance protein 6-dependent manner. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:2425-35. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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46
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A transdisciplinary perspective of chronic stress in relation to psychopathology throughout life span development. Dev Psychopathol 2011; 23:725-76. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579411000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe allostatic load (AL) model represents an interdisciplinary approach to comprehensively conceptualize and quantify chronic stress in relation to pathologies throughout the life cycle. This article first reviews the AL model, followed by interactions among early adversity, genetics, environmental toxins, as well as distinctions among sex, gender, and sex hormones as integral antecedents of AL. We next explore perspectives on severe mental illness, dementia, and caregiving as unique human models of AL that merit future investigations in the field of developmental psychopathology. A complimenting transdisciplinary perspective is applied throughout, whereby we argue that the AL model goes beyond traditional stress–disease theories toward the advancement of person-centered research and practice that promote not only physical health but also mental health.
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Effects of progesterone and estradiol sex hormones on the release of microparticles by RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by Poly(I:C). CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1420-6. [PMID: 21653747 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05110-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that display proinflammatory and prothrombotic properties. These particles can be released by macrophages stimulated by ligands of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in a process that depends on nitric oxide (NO) production. Since sex hormones can modulate macrophage responses, we investigated the effects of progesterone and estradiol on macrophage particle release in vitro, comparing the responses with those induced by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. As a model system for particle release, RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated in vitro with poly(I:C), a ligand of TLR3. Microparticles were measured by flow cytometry, while NO was measured by the Griess reaction. As the results of these studies showed, progesterone but not estradiol can block particle release by RAW264.7 cells treated with poly(I:C); dexamethasone was also active. Furthermore, while progesterone and dexamethasone inhibited NO production under the same culture conditions, neither agent blocked the production of particles stimulated by the NO donors dipropylenetriamine NONOate {(z)-1-[N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-(3-ammoniopropyl)amino] diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate} and (z)-1-[(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino] diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate. Studies using RU486 to assess the role of hormone receptors indicated that while this agent blocked the inhibition of particle and NO production by dexamethasone, it did not affect the inhibition by progesterone. Together, these results indicate that progesterone but not estradiol can inhibit particle release by stimulated macrophages and suggest a mechanism that may contribute to the immunomodulatory effects of this sex hormone.
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Faridi R, Zahra A, Khan K, Idrees M. Oncogenic potential of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and its relation with cervical cancer. Virol J 2011; 8:269. [PMID: 21635792 PMCID: PMC3118362 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer being the second most common cancer after lung cancer, affecting women of different age groups; has a prevalence of about 20% in young sexually active women. Among different types of HPV, HPV16 the major strain causing this cancer and is sexually transmitted had been unnoticed for decades. Keeping in mind the multiple risk factors related with cervical cancer such as early age sexual activities, teenage pregnancies, smoking, use of oral contraceptives, having multiple sex partners, hormone replacement therapies and various other unknown factors lead to the onset of the disease. Awareness for various diagnostic procedures such as Pap smears screening prove to be an effective way in eradicating the oncogenic potential of HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Faridi
- Division of Molecular Virology, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Lahore-53700, Pakistan
| | - Amreen Zahra
- Division of Molecular Virology, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Lahore-53700, Pakistan
| | - Khalida Khan
- Center for Integrated Mountain Research, University of the Punjab New Campus Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Molecular Virology, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Lahore-53700, Pakistan
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Dedecjus M, Stasiolek M, Brzezinski J, Selmaj K, Lewinski A. Thyroid hormones influence human dendritic cells' phenotype, function, and subsets distribution. Thyroid 2011; 21:533-40. [PMID: 21190445 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2010.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most effective antigen-presenting cells and key regulators of immune response. The immunoregulatory properties of DCs strongly depend on the microenvironment in which DCs have been matured and activated. Thyroid hormones are an important part of this environment and regulate many vital processes including growth and cellular metabolism. The aim of the study was an analysis of the influence of thyroid hormones on blood DC subtypes ex vivo, including the surface expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation, costimulation, and maturation, as well as on functional properties of DCs in vitro. METHODS Blood samples for the quantitative and phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood plasmacytoid and myeloid DC subtypes were collected from thyroidectomized patients at two time points: (i) at the time of the so-called stimulation with endogenous thyrotropin-a group of hypothyroid patients after l-thyroxine (L-T(4)) withdrawal (pretreatment group)-and (ii) after 2 months of L-T(4) administration for thyrotropin suppression-a posttreatment group. The phenotype of DCs including HLA-DR, costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, and CD86), and maturation marker CD83 was assessed by flow cytometry. The influence of isolated peripheral blood DCs on autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine secretion (interferon alpha, interleukin-12) under triiodothyronine (T(3)) deficiency or T(3) excess was investigated in culture experiments. RESULTS The percentage of peripheral blood plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs was higher after L-T(4) administration when compared with the pretreatment group. Moreover, the expression of CD86 on both DC subtypes was higher in the L-T(4) treated than in the hypothyroid patients. In the in vitro experiments, T(3) stimulation increased CD86 expression on cultured DCs. The phenotypic difference was paralleled by enhanced ability of T(3)-stimulated DCs to activate interleukin-12 secretion and proliferation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMLs) in coculture experiments. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we provide for the first time an evidence that the thyrometabolic status has an influence on the phenotype and function of human peripheral blood DCs. This observation may be of potential importance for the understanding of the pathogenesis of immune and endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Dedecjus
- Department of General, Oncological, and Endocrine Surgery, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital–Research Institute, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Saha S, Tieng A, Pepeljugoski KP, Zandamn-Goddard G, Peeva E. Prolactin, systemic lupus erythematosus, and autoreactive B cells: lessons learnt from murine models. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2011; 40:8-15. [PMID: 19937157 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-009-8182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The predominant prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women of reproductive age has led to the investigation of the effects of sex hormones on immune regulation and in autoimmune diseases, in particular the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease lupus. The female hormone prolactin has receptors beyond the reproductive axis including immune cells, and it is thought to promote autoimmunity in human and murine lupus. Induced hyperprolactinemia in experimental lupus models, regardless of gender, exacerbates disease activity and leads to premature death. Prolactin treatment in mice that are not prone to develop lupus leads to the development of a lupus-like phenotype. Persistent mild-moderate hyperprolactinemia alters the selection of the naïve B cell repertoire. Recent studies demonstrate that prolactin impairs all three mechanisms of B cell tolerance induction (negative selection, receptor editing, and anergy) and thereby contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. The effects of prolactin are genetically determined as shown by the differential response to the hormone in the different mice strains. Bromocriptine, a drug that inhibits prolactin secretion, abrogates some of the immune effects of this hormone. Further research is required to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in immune effects of prolactin and to develop novel targeted treatments for SLE patients with prolactin-responsive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Saha
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Hospital, DTC Bldg 440, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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