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Nota A, Bertolino S, Tiralongo F, Santovito A. Adaptation to bioinvasions: When does it occur? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17362. [PMID: 38822565 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The presence of alien species represents a major cause of habitat degradation and biodiversity loss worldwide, constituting a critical environmental challenge of our time. Despite sometimes experiencing reduced propagule pressure, leading to a reduced genetic diversity and an increased chance of inbreeding depression, alien invaders are often able to thrive in the habitats of introduction, giving rise to the so-called "genetic paradox" of biological invasions. The adaptation of alien species to the new habitats is therefore a complex aspect of biological invasions, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and ecological processes. Albeit numerous studies and reviews investigated the mechanistic foundation of the invaders' success, and aimed to solve the genetic paradox, still remains a crucial oversight regarding the temporal context in which adaptation takes place. Given the profound knowledge and management implications, this neglected aspect of invasion biology should receive more attention when examining invaders' ability to thrive in the habitats of introduction. Here, we discuss the adaptation mechanisms exhibited by alien species with the purpose of highlighting the timing of their occurrence during the invasion process. We analyze each stage of the invasion separately, providing evidence that adaptation mechanisms play a role in all of them. However, these mechanisms vary across the different stages of invasion, and are also influenced by other factors, such as the transport speed, the reproduction type of the invader, and the presence of human interventions. Finally, we provide insights into the implications for management, and identify knowledge gaps, suggesting avenues for future research that can shed light on species adaptability. This, in turn, will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nota
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Ente Fauna Marina Mediterranea, Scientific Organization for Research and Conservation of Marine Biodiversity, Avola, Italy
| | - Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Tiralongo
- Ente Fauna Marina Mediterranea, Scientific Organization for Research and Conservation of Marine Biodiversity, Avola, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Tamburini M, Occhipinti-Ambrogi A, Lo Vullo M, Ferrario J. Biotic resistance of native fouling communities to bioinvasions could not be demonstrated by transplant experiments in Northern Italy. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:113961. [PMID: 35908488 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biotic resistance is considered an important driver in the establishment of non-indigenous species (NIS), but experiments in the marine environment have led to contradictory results. In this context, a transplant experiment of fouling communities was carried out over five months. Settlement panels were moved from low impact (species-rich native communities) to high impact sites by NIS in two Italian areas to test the biotic resistance hypothesis. Fouling communities displayed significant differences among treatments before and after the transplant, thus indicating the maintenance of a peculiar fouling community in transplanted panels. On the other hand, newly recruited species were similar between treatments and neither a facilitation nor a mitigation role from native fouling communities on NIS was observed. Our results highlight the importance to better investigate the factors affecting the high variability obtained in experiments testing this hypothesis, with the aim to identify potential solutions for NIS management in ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tamburini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marcella Lo Vullo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jasmine Ferrario
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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3
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The Application of UVC Used in Synergy with Surface Material to Prevent Marine Biofouling. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling is problematic for the shipping industry and can lead to functional and financial setbacks. One possible means of biofouling prevention is the use of ultraviolet-C (UVC) light. Previous studies have investigated UVC with marine coatings, but the synergistic effect with color and surface material, specifically reflectance, has yet to be determined. This study comprised three parts: UVC and color (red vs. white), UVC and reflectance (stainless steel vs. polycarbonate), and UVC and exposure intervals (weekly intervals and 10 min intervals). There was no variance in the biofouling communities for colored surfaces when exposed to 254 nm UVC. Reflectance studies demonstrated that the surface material plays a role in biofouling settlement. Stainless steel panels had significantly greater macrofouling settlement than polycarbonate, specifically among encrusting bryozoan, tubeworms, and tunicate communities. Panels of both surface materials exposed to indirect UVC significantly differed from controls and those exposed directly to UVC. Exposure intervals were also found to reduce biofouling settlement especially with long frequent intervals (i.e., 10 min/day). UVC can be utilized on various colored surfaces and different surface types, but the effectiveness in preventing biofouling is ultimately determined by the duration and frequency of UVC exposure.
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Costanzo LG, Marletta G, Alongi G. Non-indigenous macroalgal species in coralligenous habitats of the Marine Protected Area Isole Ciclopi (Sicily, Italy). ITALIAN BOTANIST 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are considered one of the main threats for biodiversity. In the last decades, more than 60 macroalgae have been introduced in the Mediterranean Sea, causing serious problems in coastal areas. Nevertheless, the impacts of alien macroalgae in deep subtidal systems have been poorly studied, especially in the coralligenous habitats of the eastern coast of Sicily (Italy). Therefore, within the framework of the programme “Progetto Operativo di Monitoraggio (P.O.M.)” of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), the aim of the present study was to gain knowledge on the alien macroalgae present in coralligenous habitats of the Marine Protected Area (MPA) Isole Ciclopi, along the Ionian coast of Sicily. By Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) videos and destructive samples analysed in the laboratory, five alien species were identified: Caulerpa cylindracea, Antithamnion amphigeneum, Asparagopsis armata, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, and Lophocladia lallemandii. Since A. amphigeneum was previously reported only in the western Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea, the present report represents the first record of this species in the eastern Mediterranean. The ROV surveys showed that the alien species do not have a high coverage and do not appear to be invasive in the coralligenous area of the MPA. Since ocean temperatures are predicted to increase as climate change continues and alien species are favoured by warming of the Mediterranean Sea, the risk of biotic homogenisation caused by the spread of alien species is realistic. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess the incidence and invasiveness of alien species in phytobenthic assemblages of coralligenous in the MPA.
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Petrocelli A, Antolić B, Bolognini L, Cecere E, Cvitković I, Despalatović M, Falace A, Finotto S, Iveša L, Mačić V, Marini M, Orlando-Bonaca M, Rubino F, Trabucco B, Žuljević A. Port Baseline Biological Surveys and seaweed bioinvasions in port areas: What's the matter in the Adriatic Sea? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 147:98-116. [PMID: 29653836 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the objectives of the BALMAS project was to conduct Port Baseline Biological Surveys of native and non-indigenous benthic flora in 12 Adriatic ports. Samples of macroalgae growing on vertical artificial substrates were collected in spring and autumn 2014 and/or 2015. A total number of 248 taxa, 152 Rhodophyta, 62 Chlorophyta, and 34 Ochrophyta, were identified. Of these, 13 were non-indigenous seaweeds, mainly filamentous macroalgae, that were probably introduced through hull fouling. Some of these taxa had already been described in the study areas, others were recorded for the first time, a few were no longer detected at sites where they had previously been recorded (e.g. Sargassum muticum). Some other NISS reported for the Adriatic Sea, were not collected at any sampling site (i.e. Caulerpa cylindracea, Codium fragile). Possible reasons for the absence of these species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Petrocelli
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC) - CNR, via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Boris Antolić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Luca Bolognini
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ester Cecere
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC) - CNR, via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Ivan Cvitković
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Marija Despalatović
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Stefania Finotto
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Ljiljana Iveša
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Vesna Mačić
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro.
| | - Mauro Marini
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Martina Orlando-Bonaca
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, SI-6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Fernando Rubino
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC) - CNR, via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Trabucco
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00144 Roma, Italy.
| | - Ante Žuljević
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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6
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Designing a Laboratory Bioassay for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antifouling Paints on Amphibalanus amphitrite Using a Flow-Through System. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of establishing a protocol for evaluating the efficacy of antifouling paints on different organisms, a flow-through laboratory test using triangular boxes was developed for cyprids of the barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Six different formulations of antifouling paints were prepared in increasing content (0 to 40 wt.%) of Cu2O, which is the most commonly used antifouling substance, and each formulation of paint was coated on one surface of each test plate. The test plates were aged for 45 days by rotating them at a speed of 10 knots inside a cylinder drum with continuously flowing seawater. The settlement behavior of 3-day-old cyprids released inside triangular boxes made from the test plates was observed. A decreasing number of juveniles settled on surfaces of test plates that were coated with paint containing more than 30 wt.% of Cu2O. Results of the laboratory bioassays were consistent with those from the field experiments.
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7
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Specialized Grooming as a Mechanical Method to Prevent Marine Invasive Species Recruitment and Transport on Ship Hulls. IMPACTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES ON COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91382-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Lane SE, Hollings T, Hayes KR, McEnnulty FR, Green M, Georgiades E, Robinson AP. Risk factors for fouling biomass: evidence from small vessels in Australia. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:1032-1045. [PMID: 30656979 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1536202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Invasive non-indigenous species (NIS) are a threat to marine biodiversity and marine reliant industries. Recreational vessels are recognised as an important vector of NIS translocation, particularly domestically. This paper reports on a novel application of multilevel modelling and multiple imputation in order to quantify the relationship between biofouling biomass (wet weight) and the vessel-level characteristics of recreational and fishing vessels. It was found that the number of days since the vessel was last cleaned strongly related to the biofouling biomass, yet differed dependent on vessel type. Similarly, the median number of trips undertaken was related to the biofouling biomass, and varied according to the type of antifouling paint (AF) used. No relationship was found between vessel size and biofouling biomass per sample unit. To reduce the spread of NIS, vessel owners should use an AF paint suitable to their vessel's operational profile, and follow a maintenance schedule according to the paint manufacturer's specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Lane
- a Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Tracey Hollings
- a Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Keith R Hayes
- b Data61 , Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , Hobart , Australia
| | - Felicity R McEnnulty
- c Oceans and Atmosphere , Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , Hobart , Australia
| | - Mark Green
- c Oceans and Atmosphere , Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , Hobart , Australia
| | - Eugene Georgiades
- d Science and Risk Assessment Directorate, Ministry for Primary Industries , Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Robinson
- a Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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9
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Kojima R, Kobayashi S, Satuito CGP, Katsuyama I, Ando H, Seki Y, Senda T. A Method for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antifouling Paints Using Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Laboratory in a Flow-Through System. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168172. [PMID: 27959916 PMCID: PMC5154544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A laboratory test with a flow-through system was designed and its applicability for testing antifouling paints of varying efficacies was investigated. Six different formulations of antifouling paints were prepared to have increasing contents (0 to 40 wt.%) of Cu2O, which is the most commonly used antifouling substance, and each formulation of paint was coated on just one surface of every test plate. The test plates were aged for 45 days by rotating them at a speed of 10 knots inside a cylinder drum. A behavioral test was then conducted using five mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) that were pasted onto the coated surface of each aged test plate. The number of the byssus threads produced by each mussel generally decreased with increasing Cu2O content of the paint. The newly designed method was considered valid owing to the high consistency of its results with observations from the field experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Kojima
- Department of Marine Environment and Engine System, National Maritime Research Institute, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Seiji Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental Risk Consulting, Japan NUS Co., Ltd, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cyril Glenn Perez Satuito
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katsuyama
- Department of Environmental Risk Consulting, Japan NUS Co., Ltd, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Ando
- Department of Marine Environment and Engine System, National Maritime Research Institute, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seki
- Hiroshima R&D Centre, Chugoku Marine Paints, Ltd, Otake, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Senda
- Department of Marine Environment and Engine System, National Maritime Research Institute, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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Stanley JA, Wilkens S, McDonald JI, Jeffs AG. Vessel Noise Promotes Hull Fouling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 875:1097-104. [PMID: 26611073 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fouling of submerged vessel hulls due to the rapid settlement of algae and invertebrates is a longstanding and costly problem. It is widely thought that the presence of extensive vacant surfaces on vessel hulls is responsible for the rapid attachment and growth of biofouling. We investigated whether noise from vessels in port could also be involved in promoting the settlement and growth of common biofouling organisms on vessel hulls. Three important biofouling species exhibited significantly faster development and settlement and better survival when exposed to vessel noise compared with control species. The extent of these responses appeared to vary in relation to the intensity of the vessel noise and may help to explain differences in biofouling observed on vessel hulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni A Stanley
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, 349, Warkworth, 0941, New Zealand.
| | - Serena Wilkens
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Justin I McDonald
- Marine Biosecurity Research and Monitoring Group, Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, North Beach, WA, 6920, Australia.
| | - Andrew G Jeffs
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, 349, Warkworth, 0941, New Zealand.
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11
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Muirhead JR, Minton MS, Miller WA, Ruiz GM. Projected effects of the Panama Canal expansion on shipping traffic and biological invasions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jim R. Muirhead
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center P.O. Box 28 647 Contees Wharf Road Edgewater MD 21037 USA
| | - Mark S. Minton
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center P.O. Box 28 647 Contees Wharf Road Edgewater MD 21037 USA
| | - Whitman A. Miller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center P.O. Box 28 647 Contees Wharf Road Edgewater MD 21037 USA
| | - Gregory M. Ruiz
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center P.O. Box 28 647 Contees Wharf Road Edgewater MD 21037 USA
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12
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Ralston EA, Swain GW. The ghost of fouling communities past: the effect of original community on subsequent recruitment. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:459-471. [PMID: 24666136 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.894984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling on ships has been linked to the spread of invasive species, which has been identified as one of the current primary threats to the environment. Previous research on antifouling coatings suggested that the quantity of fouling, as well as community composition, on biocidal coatings was modified by prior fouling settlement. The experiment reported in this paper was designed to determine how preconditioning affected the rate and composition of subsequent fouling on transplanted silicone coatings. A series of 10 × 20 cm panels coated with Intersleek 700 or DC3140 were placed at three locations in Florida (Ponce Inlet, Sebastian Inlet, and Port of Miami), which were characterized by distinct fouling communities. Panels were immersed for four months, cleaned, and reciprocally transplanted among the three sites. Fouling community composition and coverage were characterized at bimonthly intervals both before and after transplantation. The original fouling community affected the subsequent fouling composition and recolonization by tunicates, sea anemones, barnacles, sponges, hydroids, and arborescent bryozoans. The community-level effects were short-term, lasting 2-4 months, but specific responses lasted up to 14 months post-transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Ralston
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida , USA
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13
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Stanley JA, Wilkens SL, Jeffs AG. Fouling in your own nest: vessel noise increases biofouling. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:837-844. [PMID: 25115518 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.938062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally billions of dollars are spent each year on attempting to reduce marine biofouling on commercial vessels, largely because it results in higher fuel costs due to increased hydrodynamic drag. Biofouling has been long assumed to be primarily due to the availability of vacant space on the surface of the hull. Here, it is shown that the addition of the noise emitted through a vessel's hull in port increases the settlement and growth of biofouling organisms within four weeks of clean surfaces being placed in the sea. More than twice as many bryozoans, oysters, calcareous tube worms and barnacles settled and established on surfaces with vessel noise compared to those without. Likewise, individuals from three species grew significantly larger in size in the presence of vessel noise. The results demonstrate that vessel noise in port is promoting biofouling on hulls and that underwater sound plays a much wider ecological role in the marine environment than was previously considered possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni A Stanley
- a Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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14
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Haye PA, Muñoz-Herrera NC. Isolation with differentiation followed by expansion with admixture in the tunicate Pyura chilensis. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:252. [PMID: 24238017 PMCID: PMC3840596 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyura chilensis, a tunicate commercially exploited as food resource in Chile, is subject to management strategies, including restocking. The goal of this study was to examine the genetic structure of P. chilensis using information from a mitochondrial gene (Cytochrome Oxidase I, COI) and a nuclear gene (Elongation 1 alpha, EF1a), to characterize the geographic distribution of genetic diversity and differentiation, and to identify the main processes that have shaped it. We analyzed 268 and 208 sequences of COI and EF1a, respectively, from samples of eight local populations covering ca. 1800 km. Results For Pyura chilensis, partial sequences of the gene COI revealed three highly supported haplogroups that diverged 260000 to 470000 years ago. Two haplogroups currently are widely distributed and sympatric, while one is dominant only in Los Molinos (LM, 39°50′S). The two widespread COI haplogroups underwent a geographic expansion during an interglacial period of the Late Pleistocene ca. 100000 years ago. The nuclear gene was less divergent and did not resolve the COI haplogroups. Bayesian clustering of the nuclear gene’s SNPs revealed that individuals from the two widespread COI haplogroups were mostly assigned to two of the three detected clusters and had a marked degree of admixture. The third cluster predominated in LM and showed low admixture. Haplotypic diversity of both genes was very high, there was no isolation by distance, and most localities were genetically undifferentiated; only LM was consistently differentiated with both genes analyzed. Conclusions Pyura chilensis has less genetic structure than expected given its life history, which could be a consequence of dispersal on ship hulls. The only differentiated local population analyzed was LM. Coincidentally, it is the one furthest away from main maritime routes along the coast of Chile. The use of mitochondrial and nuclear markers allowed detection of divergent mitochondrial haplogroups in P. chilensis, two of which revealed nuclear admixture. The genetic structure of P. chilensis has likely been shaped by Pleistocene’s climatic effect on sea level leading to population contraction with isolation, followed by geographic range expansions with concomitant secondary contact and admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar A Haye
- Laboratorio de Diversidad Molecular, Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Casilla 117, Coquimbo, Chile.
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15
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Ware C, Berge J, Sundet JH, Kirkpatrick JB, Coutts ADM, Jelmert A, Olsen SM, Floerl O, Wisz MS, Alsos IG. Climate change, non‐indigenous species and shipping: assessing the risk of species introduction to a high‐
A
rctic archipelago. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ware
- University of Tromsø Tromsø University Museum Kvaløyvegen 30 Tromsø 9037 Norway
- University of Tasmania Churchill Avenue Sandy Bay Tas. 7005 Australia
| | - Jørgen Berge
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics University of Tromsø Tromsø 9037 Norway
- University Centre on Svalbard PO Box 156 Longyearbyen 9171 Norway
| | - Jan H. Sundet
- Institute of Marine Research PO Box 6404 Tromsø 9294 Norway
| | | | | | - Anders Jelmert
- Institute of Marine Research PO Box 1870 Nordnes Bergen 5817 Norway
| | - Steffen M. Olsen
- Danish Meteorological Institute Lyngbyvej 100 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Oliver Floerl
- SINTEF Fisheries & Aquaculture Brattørkaia 17C Trondheim 7010 Norway
| | - Mary S. Wisz
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Frederiksborgvej 399 4000 Roskilde Denmark
- Greenland Climate Research Centre Greenland Institute of Natural Resources Nuuk Greenland
| | - Inger G. Alsos
- University of Tromsø Tromsø University Museum Kvaløyvegen 30 Tromsø 9037 Norway
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16
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Hedge LH, Johnston EL. Propagule pressure determines recruitment from a commercial shipping pier. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:73-85. [PMID: 22248243 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.652622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Artificial structures associated with shipping and boating activities provide habitats for a diverse suite of non-indigenous marine species. Little is known about the proportion of invader success in nearby waters that is attributable to these structures. Areas close to piles, wharves and piers are likely to be exposed to increasing levels of propagule pressure, enhancing the recruitment of non-indigenous species. Recruitment of non-indigenous and native marine biofouling taxa were evaluated at different distances from a large commercial shipping pier. Since artificial structures also represent a desirable habitat for fish, how predation on marine invertebrates influences the establishment of non-indigenous and native species was also evaluated. The colonisation of several non-indigenous marine species declined rapidly with distance from the structure. Little evidence was found to suggest that predators have much influence on the colonisation success of marine sessile invertebrate species, non-indigenous or otherwise. It is suggested that propagule pressure, not predation, more strongly predicts establishment success in these biofouling assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke H Hedge
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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