1
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Dahlin LB. The Dynamics of Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration in a Healthy Milieu and in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15241. [PMID: 37894921 PMCID: PMC10607341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate animal models, mimicking conditions of both health and disease, are needed to understand not only the biology and the physiology of neurons and other cells under normal conditions but also under stress conditions, like nerve injuries and neuropathy. In such conditions, understanding how genes and different factors are activated through the well-orchestrated programs in neurons and other related cells is crucial. Knowledge about key players associated with nerve regeneration intended for axonal outgrowth, migration of Schwann cells with respect to suitable substrates, invasion of macrophages, appropriate conditioning of extracellular matrix, activation of fibroblasts, formation of endothelial cells and blood vessels, and activation of other players in healthy and diabetic conditions is relevant. Appropriate physical and chemical attractions and repulsions are needed for an optimal and directed regeneration and are investigated in various nerve injury and repair/reconstruction models using healthy and diabetic rat models with relevant blood glucose levels. Understanding dynamic processes constantly occurring in neuropathies, like diabetic neuropathy, with concomitant degeneration and regeneration, requires advanced technology and bioinformatics for an integrated view of the behavior of different cell types based on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and imaging at different visualization levels. Single-cell-transcriptional profile analysis of different cells may reveal any heterogeneity among key players in peripheral nerves in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars B. Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine—Hand Surgery, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden; ; Tel.: +46-40-33-17-24
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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2
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Huang J, Lin F, Hu Y, Bloe CB, Wang D, Zhang W. From Initiation to Maintenance: HIV-1 Gp120-induced Neuropathic Pain Exhibits Different Molecular Mechanisms in the Mouse Spinal Cord Via Bioinformatics Analysis Based on RNA Sequencing. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:553-575. [PMID: 35059976 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), remains one of the most diverse crucial health and development challenges around the world. People infected with HIV constitute a large patient population, and a significant number of them experience neuropathic pain. To study the key mechanisms that mediate HIV-induced neuropathic pain (HNP), we established an HNP mouse model via intrathecal injection of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. The L3~L5 spinal cord was isolated on postoperative days 1/12 (POD1/12), 1 (POD1), and 14 (POD14) for RNA sequencing to investigate the gene expression profiles of the initiation, transition, and maintenance stages of HNP. A total of 1682, 430, and 413 differentially expressed genes were obtained in POD1/12, POD1, and POD14, respectively, and their similarity was low. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that POD1/12, POD1, and POD14 exhibited different biological processes and signaling pathways. Inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation-related signaling pathways were enriched on POD1/12. Inflammation, chemokine activity, and downstream signaling regulated by proinflammatory cytokines, such as the MTOR signaling pathway, were enriched on POD1, while downregulation of ion channel activity, mitochondrial damage, endocytosis, MAPK and neurotrophic signaling pathways developed on POD14. Additionally, we screened key genes and candidate genes, which were verified at the transcriptional and translational levels. Our results suggest that the initiation and maintenance of HNP are regulated by different molecular mechanisms. Therefore, our research may yield a fresh and deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying HNP, providing accurate molecular targets for HNP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chris Bloe Bloe
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Liu F, Xu J, Liu A, Wu L, Wang D, Han Q, Zheng T, Wang F, Kong Y, Li G, Li P, Gu S, Yang Y. Development of a polyacrylamide/chitosan composite hydrogel conduit containing synergistic cues of elasticity and topographies for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4915-4932. [PMID: 35861493 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substrate elasticity and topographical guidance are crucial factors for regulating tissue regeneration, but the synergistic effects of both cues on peripheral nerve regeneration are still unclear. In this paper, polyacrylamide/chitosan (PAM/CS) composite hydrogels with synergistic characteristics of elasticity and morphology were prepared using in situ free-radical polymerization and micro-molding. The physicochemical properties of hydrogels were characterized, and the effect on peripheral nerve regeneration was systematically evaluated via in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. The in vitro experiments showed that on a PAM/CS composite hydrogel with an elastic modulus of 5.822 kPa/8.41 kPa and a surface groove width of 30 μm, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurite had a strong growth ability and better-oriented status. The samples were taken from each group at 2 and 12 weeks after bridging rabbit sciatic nerve defects with a PAM/CS composite hydrogel conduit. General observation of the rabbit body and transplanted nerve, nerve electro-physiological examination, muscle wet weight recovery rate detection and comparison, observation of sciatic nerve frozen section immunofluorescence staining and myelinated nerve fiber recovery rate comparison were used to evaluate the effect of nerve transplantation. The elastic modulus of 8.41 kPa and groove width of 30 μm were similar to those of the autograft group. At the same time, the signaling pathways, including the focal adhesion markers vinculin, p-FAK, and Rho A protein, referring to axon adhesion and extension, were initially revealed. In summary, our developed hydrogel implants containing synergistic cues of elasticity and topographies may provide a new and effective strategy for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China.,School of Medical, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Anning Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China, 226001.
| | - Linliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China, 226001.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226001
| | - Qi Han
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Feiran Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China, 226001
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China, 226001.
| | - Shouyong Gu
- Geriatric Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 211166. .,Geriatric Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 211166
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China.,School of Medical, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P.R. China
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4
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Talsma AD, Niemi JP, Pachter JS, Zigmond RE. The primary macrophage chemokine, CCL2, is not necessary after a peripheral nerve injury for macrophage recruitment and activation or for conditioning lesion enhanced peripheral regeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:179. [PMID: 35820932 PMCID: PMC9277969 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injuries stimulate the regenerative capacity of injured neurons through a neuroimmune phenomenon termed the conditioning lesion (CL) response. This response depends on macrophage accumulation in affected dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and peripheral nerves. The macrophage chemokine CCL2 is upregulated after injury and is allegedly required for stimulating macrophage recruitment and pro-regenerative signaling through its receptor, CCR2. In these tissues, CCL2 is putatively produced by neurons in the DRG and Schwann cells in the distal nerve. METHODS Ccl2fl/fl mice were crossed with Advillin-Cre, P0-Cre, or both to create conditional Ccl2 knockouts (CKOs) in sensory neurons, Schwann cells, or both to hypothetically remove CCL2 and macrophages from DRGs, nerves or both. CCL2 was localized using Ccl2-RFPfl/fl mice. CCL2-CCR2 signaling was further examined using global Ccl2 KOs and Ccr2gfp knock-in/knock-outs. Unilateral sciatic nerve transection was used as the injury model, and at various timepoints, chemokine expression, macrophage accumulation and function, and in vivo regeneration were examined using qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and luxol fast blue staining. RESULTS Surprisingly, in all CKOs, DRG Ccl2 gene expression was decreased, while nerve Ccl2 was not. CCL2-RFP reporter mice revealed CCL2 expression in several cell types beyond the expected neurons and Schwann cells. Furthermore, macrophage accumulation, myelin clearance, and in vivo regeneration were unaffected in all CKOs, suggesting CCL2 may not be necessary for the CL response. Indeed, Ccl2 global knockout mice showed normal macrophage accumulation, myelin clearance, and in vivo regeneration, indicating these responses do not require CCL2. CCR2 ligands, Ccl7 and Ccl12, were upregulated after nerve injury and perhaps could compensate for the absence of Ccl2. Finally, Ccr2gfp knock-in/knock-out animals were used to differentiate resident and recruited macrophages in the injured tissues. Ccr2gfp/gfp KOs showed a 50% decrease in macrophages in the distal nerve compared to controls with a relative increase in resident macrophages. In the DRG there was a small but insignificant decrease in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS CCL2 is not necessary for macrophage accumulation, myelin clearance, and axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Without CCL2, other CCR2 chemokines, resident macrophage proliferation, and CCR2-independent monocyte recruitment can compensate and allow for normal macrophage accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Talsma
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4975, USA
| | - Jon P Niemi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4975, USA
| | - Joel S Pachter
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-6125, USA
| | - Richard E Zigmond
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4975, USA.
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5
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GADD45A induces neuropathic pain by activating P53 apoptosis pathway in mice. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1051-1060. [PMID: 35167054 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is a common condition with current heights of varying etiology. The therapeutic drugs are also poorly work and often limited by side effects such as dizziness. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the function mechanism of GADD45A in neuropathic pain. METHODS The DEGs in neuropathic pain mouse model chip were screened by bioinformatics analysis. The expression of GADD45A in SNL model was determined by RT-qPCR and Immunofluorescence assay. The protein expression of p53-apoptosis pathway proteins was determined by western blotting. RESULTS Combination analysis of bioinformatics methods revealed that the expression of GADD45A was upregulated in SNL. The results of RT-qPCR assay and Immunofluorescence assay revealed that GADD45A was overexpressed in all of time points SNL model. Furthermore, knockdown of GADD45A in SNL remarkably antagonized the malignance phenotype compared with the Ad-GFP treated SNL. In addition, knockdown of GADD45A downregulated the expression of p53 and reduced the apoptosis of spinal cord nerve cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that GADD45A may be a biomarker in the neuropathic pain of mice.
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Zhang C, Hu MW, Wang XW, Cui X, Liu J, Huang Q, Cao X, Zhou FQ, Qian J, He SQ, Guan Y. scRNA-sequencing reveals subtype-specific transcriptomic perturbations in DRG neurons of PirtEGFPf mice in neuropathic pain condition. eLife 2022; 11:76063. [PMID: 36264609 PMCID: PMC9584610 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionally distinct subtypes/clusters of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons may play different roles in nerve regeneration and pain. However, details about their transcriptomic changes under neuropathic pain conditions remain unclear. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve represents a well-established model of neuropathic pain, and we conducted single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize subtype-specific perturbations of transcriptomes in lumbar DRG neurons on day 7 post-CCI. By using PirtEGFPf mice that selectively express an enhanced green fluorescent protein in DRG neurons, we established a highly efficient purification process to enrich neurons for scRNA-seq. We observed the emergence of four prominent CCI-induced clusters and a loss of marker genes in injured neurons. Importantly, a portion of injured neurons from several clusters were spared from injury-induced identity loss, suggesting subtype-specific transcriptomic changes in injured neurons. Moreover, uninjured neurons, which are necessary for mediating the evoked pain, also demonstrated cell-type-specific transcriptomic perturbations in these clusters, but not in others. Notably, male and female mice showed differential transcriptomic changes in multiple neuronal clusters after CCI, suggesting transcriptomic sexual dimorphism in DRG neurons after nerve injury. Using Fgf3 as a proof-of-principle, RNAscope study provided further evidence of increased Fgf3 in injured neurons after CCI, supporting scRNA-seq analysis, and calcium imaging study unraveled a functional role of Fgf3 in neuronal excitability. These findings may contribute to the identification of new target genes and the development of DRG neuron cell-type-specific therapies for optimizing neuropathic pain treatment and nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ming-Wen Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xue-Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shao-Qiu He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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Zavvarian MM, Zhou C, Kahnemuyipour S, Hong J, Fehlings MG. The MAPK Signaling Pathway Presents Novel Molecular Targets for Therapeutic Intervention after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Comparative Cross-Species Transcriptional Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12934. [PMID: 34884738 PMCID: PMC8657729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the debilitating consequences following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a lack of safe and effective therapeutics in the clinic. The species-specific responses to SCI present major challenges and opportunities for the clinical translation of biomolecular and pharmacological interventions. Recent transcriptional analyses in preclinical SCI studies have provided a snapshot of the local SCI-induced molecular responses in different animal models. However, the variation in the pathogenesis of traumatic SCI across species is yet to be explored. This study aims to identify and characterize the common and inconsistent SCI-induced differentially expressed genes across species to identify potential therapeutic targets of translational relevance. A comprehensive search of open-source transcriptome datasets identified four cross-compatible microarray experiments in rats, mice, and salamanders. We observed consistent expressional changes in extracellular matrix components across the species. Conversely, salamanders showed downregulation of intracellular MAPK signaling compared to rodents. Additionally, sequence conservation and interactome analyses highlighted the well-preserved sequences of Fn1 and Jun with extensive protein-protein interaction networks. Lastly, in vivo immunohistochemical staining for fibronectin was used to validate the observed expressional pattern. These transcriptional changes in extracellular and MAPK pathways present potential therapeutic targets for traumatic SCI with promising translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (C.Z.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cindy Zhou
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (C.Z.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sabah Kahnemuyipour
- Human Biology Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3J6, Canada;
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (C.Z.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (C.Z.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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Li L, Du X, Ling H, Li Y, Wu X, Jin A, Yang M. Gene correlation network analysis to identify regulatory factors in sciatic nerve injury. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:622. [PMID: 34663380 PMCID: PMC8522103 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sciatic nerve injury (SNI), which frequently occurs under the traumatic hip and hip fracture dislocation, induces serious complications such as motor and sensory loss, muscle atrophy, or even disabling. The present work aimed to determine the regulating factors and gene network related to the SNI pathology. METHODS Sciatic nerve injury dataset GSE18803 with 24 samples was divided into adult group and neonate group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to identify modules associated with SNI in the two groups. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined from every group, separately. Subsequently, co-expression network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were overlapped to identify hub genes, while functional enrichment and Reactome analysis were used for a comprehensive analysis of potential pathways. GSE30165 was used as the test set for investigating the hub gene involvement within SNI. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed separately using difference between samples and gene expression level as phenotype label to further prove SNI-related signaling pathways. In addition, immune infiltration analysis was accomplished by CIBERSORT. Finally, Drug-Gene Interaction database (DGIdb) was employed for predicting the possible therapeutic agents. RESULTS 14 SNI status modules and 97 DEGs were identified in adult group, while 15 modules and 21 DEGs in neonate group. A total of 12 hub genes was overlapping from co-expression and PPI network. After the results from both test and training sets were overlapped, we verified that the ten real hub genes showed remarkably up-regulation within SNI. According to functional enrichment of hub genes, the above genes participated in the immune effector process, inflammatory responses, the antigen processing and presentation, and the phagocytosis. GSEA also supported that gene sets with the highest significance were mostly related to the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Analysis of hub genes possible related signaling pathways using gene expression level as phenotype label revealed an enrichment involved in Lysosome, Chemokine signaling pathway, and Neurotrophin signaling pathway. Immune infiltration analysis showed that Macrophages M2 and Regulatory T cells may participate in the development of SNI. At last, 25 drugs were screened from DGIdb to improve SNI treatment. CONCLUSIONS The gene expression network is determined in the present work based on the related regulating factors within SNI, which sheds more light on SNI pathology and offers the possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets in subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokang Du
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiqian Ling
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuemin Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Anmin Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518034, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Shadrach JL, Stansberry WM, Milen AM, Ives RE, Fogarty EA, Antonellis A, Pierchala BA. Translatomic analysis of regenerating and degenerating spinal motor neurons in injury and ALS. iScience 2021; 24:102700. [PMID: 34235408 PMCID: PMC8246596 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is a synapse critical for muscle strength and coordinated motor function. Unlike CNS injuries, motor neurons mount robust regenerative responses after peripheral nerve injuries. Conversely, motor neurons selectively degenerate in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To assess how these insults affect motor neurons in vivo, we performed ribosomal profiling of mouse motor neurons. Motor neuron-specific transcripts were isolated from spinal cords following sciatic nerve crush, a model of acute injury and regeneration, and in the SOD1G93A ALS model. Of the 267 transcripts upregulated after nerve crush, 38% were also upregulated in SOD1G93A motor neurons. However, most upregulated genes in injured and ALS motor neurons were context specific. Some of the most significantly upregulated transcripts in both paradigms were chemokines such as Ccl2 and Ccl7, suggesting an important role for neuroimmune modulation. Collectively these data will aid in defining pro-regenerative and pro-degenerative mechanisms in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Shadrach
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wesley M. Stansberry
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Allison M. Milen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rachel E. Ives
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Anthony Antonellis
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian A. Pierchala
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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10
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Ehmsen JT, Kawaguchi R, Kaval D, Johnson AE, Nachun D, Coppola G, Höke A. GADD45A is a protective modifier of neurogenic skeletal muscle atrophy. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149381. [PMID: 34128833 PMCID: PMC8410074 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with nerve injury and in denervating diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aside from prompt restoration of innervation and exercise where feasible, there are currently no effective strategies for maintaining skeletal muscle mass in the setting of denervation. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of gene expression changes occurring in atrophying skeletal muscle and identified growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible A (Gadd45a) as a gene that shows one of the earliest and most sustained increases in expression in skeletal muscle after denervation. We evaluated the role of this induction using genetic mouse models and found that mice lacking GADD45A showed accelerated and exacerbated neurogenic muscle atrophy, as well as loss of fiber type identity. Our genetic analyses demonstrate that, rather than directly contributing to muscle atrophy as proposed in earlier studies, GADD45A induction likely represents a protective negative feedback response to denervation. Establishing the downstream effectors that mediate this protective effect and the pathways they participate in may yield new opportunities to modify the course of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Ehmsen
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Damlanur Kaval
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna E Johnson
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Nachun
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Wang J, Lou Z, Xi H, Li Z, Li L, Li Z, Zhang K, Asakawa T. Verification of neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on chronic neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury rat model. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:222-228. [PMID: 33817313 PMCID: PMC7968532 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neuropathic pain is far from satisfactory. This study sought evidence of a neuroprotective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) to treat neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model. A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into sham, CCI, or CCI + ALA groups. Mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds were evaluated as behavioral assessments. Dorsal root ganglia cells were assessed morphologically with hematoxylin and eosin staining and for apoptosis with P53 immunohistochemical staining. Compared with the sham group, the CCI group had a shorter paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency, abnormal morphologic manifestations, and increased numbers of satellite glial cells and P53+ cells. These changes were significantly reversed by treatment with ALA. Our study indicates neuroprotective effects of ALA on chronic neuropathic pain in a CCI rat model. ALA is potentially considered to be developed as a treatment for neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve injury, which requires further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhaohui Lou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Haiyang Xi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Lepeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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12
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Jia Y, Zhang M, Li P, Tang W, Liu Y, Hu Y, Cui Q, Liu M, Jiang J. Bioinformatics analysis of long non-coding RNAs involved in nerve regeneration following sciatic nerve injury. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920971918. [PMID: 33241745 PMCID: PMC7705388 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920971918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of epigenetic modification in axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of axon regeneration. We used bioinformatics to perform microarray analysis and screened total 476 lncRNAs and 129 microRNAs (miRNAs) of differentially expressed genes after sciatic nerve injury in mice. lncRNA-GM4208 and lncRNA-GM30085 were examined, and the changes in lncRNA expression in the L4–L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following sciatic nerve crush injury were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression of lncRNAs in the DRG changed, indicating that they might be related to nerve regeneration in the DRG following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenbo Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiwen Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qingjun Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Du Z, Yin S, Song X, Zhang L, Yue S, Jia X, Zhang Y. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Key Pathways in the Dorsal Root Ganglion After Chronic Compression. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:71. [PMID: 32431596 PMCID: PMC7214750 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by primary or secondary impairment of the peripheral or central nervous systems. Its etiology is complex and involves abnormal patterns of gene expression and pathway activation. Using bioinformatics analysis, we aimed to identify NP-associated changes in genes and pathways in L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in a rat model of NP induced by chronic compression of the DRG (CCD). Genome-wide transcriptional analyses were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying NP. We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) 7 days after CCD in comparison with sham-operated controls. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to confirm the presence of key DEGs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-pathway analysis of DEGs and global signal transduction network analysis of DEGs were also conducted. The CCD group developed clear mechanical and thermal allodynia in the ipsilateral hind paw compared with the sham group. This comparison identified 1,887 DEGs, with 1156 upregulated and 731 downregulated DEGs, and 123 DEG-enriched pathways. We identified the key candidate genes that might play a role in the development of NP, namely syndecan 1 (Sdc1), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma (Pi3k), Janus kinase 2 (Jak2), jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (Jun), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) by analyzing the global signal transduction network. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis confirmed the microarray results. The DEGs Sdc1, Pi3k, Jak2, Jun, and IL-6, and the cytokine signaling pathway, the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may have decisive modulatory roles in both nerve regeneration and NP. These results provide deeper insight into the mechanism underlying NP and promising therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Du
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuhui Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Jimo City, Qingdao, China
| | - Lechi Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shouwei Yue
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics, Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Tang S, Jing H, Huang Z, Huang T, Lin S, Liao M, Zhou J. Identification of key candidate genes in neuropathic pain by integrated bioinformatic analysis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1635-1648. [PMID: 31535407 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan Guangdong Province China
- Sun Yet‐Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yet‐Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong Province China
| | - Huan Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan Guangdong Province China
- ZunYi Medical University ZunYi Guizhou Province China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan Guangdong Province China
| | - Teng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan Guangdong Province China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan Guangdong Province China
| | - Meijuan Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan Guangdong Province China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong Province China
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15
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1,8-cineole decreases neuropathic pain probably via a mechanism mediating P2X3 receptor in the dorsal root ganglion. Neurochem Int 2018; 121:69-74. [PMID: 30248433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1,8-cineole is a natural monoterpene cyclic ether present in eucalyptus and has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The therapeutic effects of 1,8-cineole on neuropathic pain and the molecular mechanisms of its pharmacological actions remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the analgesic mechanisms of orally administered 1,8-cineole in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) and examined the drug-induced modulation of P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia. The mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were measured in rats to assess behavioural changes 7 and 14 days after CCI surgery. Changes in P2X3 receptor mRNA expression of L4-5 dorsal root ganglia were analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at the 7th and 14th postoperative day. Additionally, we examined the expression of P2X3 receptor protein in L4-5 dorsal root ganglia 7 and 14 days after surgery using immunohistochemistry and western blots. We found that 1,8-cineole can alleviate pathological pain caused by P2X3 receptor stimulation and explored new methods for the prevention and treatment of neuropathic pain.
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