1
|
Ma K, Gauthier LO, Cheung F, Huang S, Lek M. High-throughput assays to assess variant effects on disease. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050573. [PMID: 38940340 PMCID: PMC11225591 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Interpreting the wealth of rare genetic variants discovered in population-scale sequencing efforts and deciphering their associations with human health and disease present a critical challenge due to the lack of sufficient clinical case reports. One promising avenue to overcome this problem is deep mutational scanning (DMS), a method of introducing and evaluating large-scale genetic variants in model cell lines. DMS allows unbiased investigation of variants, including those that are not found in clinical reports, thus improving rare disease diagnostics. Currently, the main obstacle limiting the full potential of DMS is the availability of functional assays that are specific to disease mechanisms. Thus, we explore high-throughput functional methodologies suitable to examine broad disease mechanisms. We specifically focus on methods that do not require robotics or automation but instead use well-designed molecular tools to transform biological mechanisms into easily detectable signals, such as cell survival rate, fluorescence or drug resistance. Here, we aim to bridge the gap between disease-relevant assays and their integration into the DMS framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Ma
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Logan O. Gauthier
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Frances Cheung
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shushu Huang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao G, Zhang Y, Xu CF, Wang J. In vivo production of CAR-T cells using virus-mimetic fusogenic nanovesicles. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:354-366. [PMID: 38072706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) exhibit high response rates in B-cell malignancy treatments and possess therapeutic potentials against various diseases. However, the complicated ex vivo production process of CAR-T cells limits their application. Herein, we use virus-mimetic fusogenic nanovesicles (FuNVs) to produce CAR-T cells in vivo via membrane fusion-mediated CAR protein delivery. Briefly, the FuNVs are modified using T-cell fusogen, adapted from measles virus or reovirus fusogens via displaying anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment. The FuNVs can efficiently fuse with the T-cell membrane in vivo, thereby delivering the loaded anti-CD19 (αCD19) CAR protein onto T-cells to produce αCD19 CAR-T cells. These αCD19 CAR-T cells alone or in combination with anti-OX40 antibodies can treat B-cell lymphoma without inducing cytokine release syndrome. Thus, our strategy provides a novel method for engineering T cells into CAR-T cells in vivo and can further be employed to deliver other therapeutic membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cong-Fei Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi M, McHugh KJ. Strategies for overcoming protein and peptide instability in biodegradable drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114904. [PMID: 37263542 PMCID: PMC10526705 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The global pharmaceutical market has recently shifted its focus from small molecule drugs to peptide, protein, and nucleic acid drugs, which now comprise a majority of the top-selling pharmaceutical products on the market. Although these biologics often offer improved drug specificity, new mechanisms of action, and/or enhanced efficacy, they also present new challenges, including an increased potential for degradation and a need for frequent administration via more invasive administration routes, which can limit patient access, patient adherence, and ultimately the clinical impact of these drugs. Controlled-release systems have the potential to mitigate these challenges by offering superior control over in vivo drug levels, localizing these drugs to tissues of interest (e.g., tumors), and reducing administration frequency. Unfortunately, adapting controlled-release devices to release biologics has proven difficult due to the poor stability of biologics. In this review, we summarize the current state of controlled-release peptides and proteins, discuss existing techniques used to stabilize these drugs through encapsulation, storage, and in vivo release, and provide perspective on the most promising opportunities for the clinical translation of controlled-release peptides and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miusi Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Understanding the Role of Anti-PEG Antibodies in the Complement Activation by Doxil in Vitro. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071700. [PMID: 30002298 PMCID: PMC6100003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infusion reactions (IRs) are common immune-mediated side effects in patients treated with a variety of drug products, including, but not limited to, nanotechnology formulations. The mechanism of IRs is not fully understood. One of the best studied mechanisms of IRs to nanomedicines is the complement activation. However, it is largely unknown why some patients develop reactions to nanomedicines while others do not, and why some nanoparticles are more reactogenic than others. One of the theories is that the pre-existing anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies initiate the complement activation and IRs in patients. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis in the case of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil), which, when used in a clinical setting, is known to induce IRs; referred to as complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) in sensitive individuals. We conducted the study in vitro using plasma derived from C57BL/6 mice and twenty human donor volunteers. We used mouse plasma to test a library of well-characterized mouse monoclonal antibodies with different specificity and affinity to PEG as it relates to the complement activation by Doxil. We determined the levels of pre-existing polyclonal antibodies that bind to PEG, methoxy-PEG, and PEGylated liposomes in human plasma, and we also assessed complement activation by Doxil and concentrations of complement inhibitory factors H and I in these human plasma specimens. The affinity, specificity, and other characteristics of the human polyclonal antibodies are not known at this time. Our data demonstrate that under in vitro conditions, some anti-PEG antibodies contribute to the complement activation by Doxil. Such contribution, however, needs to be considered in the context of other factors, including, but not limited to, antibody class, type, clonality, epitope specificity, affinity, and titer. In addition, our data contribute to the knowledge base used to understand and improve nanomedicine safety.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tong T, Crooks ET, Osawa K, Robinson JE, Barnes M, Apetrei C, Binley JM. Multi-Parameter Exploration of HIV-1 Virus-Like Particles as Neutralizing Antibody Immunogens in Guinea Pigs, Rabbits and Macaques. Virology 2014; 456-457:55-69. [PMID: 24882891 PMCID: PMC4037872 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer a platform to test the hypothesis that, since antibody binding to native envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers results in HIV-1 neutralization, that native Env trimers presented in membranes may be useful for inducing neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in a vaccine setting. So far, VLPs have not fulfilled this potential. Here, using a "shotgun" approach, we evaluated a wide cross-section of variables in a series of VLP immunizations. We identified 3 tentative leads. First, that VLP doses may not have been sufficient for optimal nAb induction. Second, that dampening the antigenicity of non-functional Env (for example uncleaved gp160) using either protease digests or IgG masking may be useful. Third, that guinea pig sera preferentially target non-conserved epitopes and exhibit relatively high background activity, suggesting that rabbits may be preferable as small animal vaccine models. Recent immunogenicity studies in rabbits appear to bear out all 3 of these leads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Tong
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ema T. Crooks
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Keiko Osawa
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Mary Barnes
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Rd, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Rd, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - James M. Binley
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Haynes BF, Moody MA, Liao HX, Verkoczy L, Tomaras GD. B cell responses to HIV-1 infection and vaccination: pathways to preventing infection. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:108-16. [PMID: 21112250 PMCID: PMC3053087 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The B cell arm of the immune response becomes activated soon after HIV-1 transmission, yet the initial antibody response does not control HIV-1 replication, and it takes months for neutralizing antibodies to develop against the autologous virus. Antibodies that can be broadly protective are made only in a minority of subjects and take years to develop--too late to affect the course of disease. New studies of the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection, new techniques to probe the human B cell repertoire, the modest degree of efficacy in a vaccine trial and new studies of human monoclonal antibodies that represent the types of immune responses an HIV-1 vaccine should induce are collectively illuminating paths that a successful HIV-1 vaccine might take.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Duke Center for AIDS Research, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wenk MR. Lipidomics: New Tools and Applications. Cell 2010; 143:888-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Moody MA, Liao HX, Alam SM, Scearce RM, Plonk MK, Kozink DM, Drinker MS, Zhang R, Xia SM, Sutherland LL, Tomaras GD, Giles IP, Kappes JC, Ochsenbauer-Jambor C, Edmonds TG, Soares M, Barbero G, Forthal DN, Landucci G, Chang C, King SW, Kavlie A, Denny TN, Hwang KK, Chen PP, Thorpe PE, Montefiori DC, Haynes BF. Anti-phospholipid human monoclonal antibodies inhibit CCR5-tropic HIV-1 and induce beta-chemokines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:763-76. [PMID: 20368576 PMCID: PMC2856026 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20091281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional antibody-mediated neutralization of HIV-1 infection is thought to result from the binding of antibodies to virions, thus preventing virus entry. However, antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 are rare and are not induced by current vaccines. We report that four human anti-phospholipid monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (PGN632, P1, IS4, and CL1) inhibit HIV-1 CCR5-tropic (R5) primary isolate infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with 80% inhibitory concentrations of <0.02 to ∼10 µg/ml. Anti-phospholipid mAbs inhibited PBMC HIV-1 infection in vitro by mechanisms involving binding to monocytes and triggering the release of MIP-1α and MIP-1β. The release of these β-chemokines explains both the specificity for R5 HIV-1 and the activity of these mAbs in PBMC cultures containing both primary lymphocytes and monocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alving CR, Beck Z, Karasavva N, Matyas GR, Rao M. HIV-1, lipid rafts, and antibodies to liposomes: implications for anti-viral-neutralizing antibodies (Review). Mol Membr Biol 2009; 23:453-65. [PMID: 17127618 DOI: 10.1080/09687860600935348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an enveloped virus with a lipid bilayer that contains several glycoproteins that are anchored in, or closely associated with, the membrane surface. The envelope proteins have complex interactions with the lipids both on the host cells and on the target cells. The processes of budding from host cells and entry into target cells occur at sites on the plasma membrane, known as lipid rafts, that represent specialized regions that are rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids. Although the envelope glycoproteins are antigenic molecules that potentially might be used for development of broadly neutralizing antibodies in a vaccine to HIV-1, the development of such antibodies that have broad specificities against primary field isolates of virus has been largely thwarted to date by the ability of the envelope proteins to evade the immune system through various mechanisms. In this review, the interactions of HIV-1 with membrane lipids are summarized. Liposomes are commonly used as models for understanding interactions of proteins with membrane lipids; and liposomes have also been used both as carriers for vaccines, and as antigens for induction of antibodies to liposomal lipids. The possibility is proposed that liposomal lipids, or liposome-protein combinations, could be useful as antigens for inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Alving
- Department of Vaccine Production and Delivery, Division of Retrovirology, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiskoot W, van Schie RMF, Carstens MG, Schellekens H. Immunological Risk of Injectable Drug Delivery Systems. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1303-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Misici-Falzi M, Palmieri GF. Colloidal soft matter as drug delivery system. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
13
|
Beck Z, Karasavvas N, Matyas GR, Alving CR. Membrane-specific antibodies induced by liposomes can simultaneously bind to HIV-1 protein, peptide, and membrane lipid epitopes. J Drug Target 2008; 16:535-42. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860802228517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Schijns VEJC, Degen WGJ. Response to “‘Post-alum Adjuvants’ May Reach Beyond Their Intended Purpose: The Clinical Development of TLR Agonists”. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2008.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
4E10 and 2F5 monoclonal antibodies: binding specificities to phospholipids, tolerance, and clinical safety issues. AIDS 2008; 22:649-51. [PMID: 18317008 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3282f51922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Green SJ. Clinical development of TLR agonists as adjuvants: "post-alum adjuvant" candidates may reach beyond their intended purpose. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008; 83:813-4; author reply 814. [PMID: 18212798 DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Lipid A and liposomes containing lipid A as antigens and adjuvants. Vaccine 2007; 26:3036-45. [PMID: 18226433 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipid A derived from Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide is a potent adjuvant and antigen. Incorporation of lipid A into liposomes renders the liposomes themselves immunogenic, resulting in generation of specific antibodies that recognize either the individual liposomal lipids, or the unique pattern presented by the combination of lipids. Using liposomes containing lipid A, numerous polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies have been produced against phospholipids, cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and lipid A. Many of these antibodies have binding characteristics that are apparently similar to natural antibodies that are normally present in all human sera, and also antibodies that arise in response to various infections. Such antibodies probably represent a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. The possible utility of liposomes containing lipid A as a constituent of certain types of novel vaccines was suggested by the observation that murine monoclonal antibodies to liposomal phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate neutralized primary isolates of two different clades of HIV-1 in a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell neutralization assay.
Collapse
|
18
|
Reassessment of autoreactivity of the broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies 4E10 and 2F5 and retrospective analysis of clinical safety data. AIDS 2007; 21:2161-70. [PMID: 18090042 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328285da15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The broadly neutralizing recombinant human HIV-1 antibodies 4E10, 2F5 and Igh1b12 are reported to have autoreactive potential, which is significant for HIV-1 vaccine development and passive immunotherapy using these antibodies. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical relevance of these findings in subjects receiving passive immunotherapy with these antibodies. METHODS Four types of investigations were performed: (1) Investigation of clotting parameters in an ongoing clinical study with 4E10, 2F5 and 2G12. (2) Mixing experiments of pooled plasma with the same antibodies. (3) Retrospective analysis of serum from patients who received passive immunotherapy with 4E10, 2F5 and 2G12 either alone or in combination. (4) Assessment of clinical safety data obtained after 418 infusions with these antibodies. RESULTS Standard clinical assays confirmed that 4E10 showed low-level cross-reactivity with cardiolipin, while previously reported cardiolipin cross-reactivity for 2F5 could not be confirmed. High serum titers of 4E10 induced mild prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time, which resolved with the wash out of 4E10. Neither 2F5 nor 2G12 affected coagulation. Repeated high-dose infusions of the monoclonal antibody combination were well tolerated with no incidence for thrombotic complications after 418 infusions in 39 subjects. CONCLUSIONS Monoclonal antibody 4E10 but not 2F5 or 2G12 showed autoreactive binding specificities. Infusion of 4E10 resulted in transient low anticardiolipin titers. Although an increased thromboembolic risk cannot definitely be excluded, this risk appears to be low and likely depend on underlying disorders.
Collapse
|
19
|
Brown BK, Karasavvas N, Beck Z, Matyas GR, Birx DL, Polonis VR, Alving CR. Monoclonal antibodies to phosphatidylinositol phosphate neutralize human immunodeficiency virus type 1: role of phosphate-binding subsites. J Virol 2006; 81:2087-91. [PMID: 17151131 PMCID: PMC1797582 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02011-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both a murine monoclonal antibody to phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) and a human monoclonal antibody (4E10) that is known to have broadly neutralizing capabilities against primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) bound to PIP, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each of the antibodies had antigen subsite binding specificities in aqueous medium for small phosphate-containing molecules and for inositol. The anti-PIP monoclonal antibody inhibited infection by two HIV-1 primary isolates in neutralization assays employing primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The data suggest that PIP or related lipids having free phosphates could serve as targets for the neutralization of HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K Brown
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|