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Escobar Jaramillo M, Covarrubias C, Patiño González E, Ossa Orozco CP. Optimization by mixture design of chitosan/multi-phase calcium phosphate/BMP-2 biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106423. [PMID: 38290393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The modulation of cell behavior during culture is one of the most important aspects of bone tissue engineering because of the necessity for a complex mechanical and biochemical environment. This study aimed to improve the physicochemical properties of chitosan/multi-phase calcium phosphate (MCaP) scaffolds using an optimized mixture design experiment and evaluate the effect of biofunctionalization of the obtained scaffolds with the bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2 on stem cell behavior. The present study evaluated the compressive strength, elastic modulus, porosity, pore diameter, and degradation in simulated body fluids and integrated these responses using desirability. The properties of the scaffolds with the best desirability (18.4% of MCaP) were: compressive strength of 23 kPa, elastic modulus of 430 kPa, pore diameter of 163 μm, porosity of 92%, and degradation of 20% after 21 days. Proliferation and differentiation experiments were conducted using dental pulp stem cells after grafting BMP-2 onto scaffolds via the carbodiimide route. These experiments showed that MCaP promoted cell proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas BMP-2 enhanced cell differentiation. This study demonstrates that optimizing the composition of a mixture of chitosan and MCaP improves the physicochemical and biological properties of scaffolds, indicating that this solution is viable for application in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Escobar Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomateriales, Programa de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
| | - Cristian Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Universidad de, Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Edwin Patiño González
- Grupo de Bioquímica Estructural de Macromoléculas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Claudia Patricia Ossa Orozco
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomateriales, Programa de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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2
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Schoonraad SA, Jaimes AA, Singh AJX, Croland KJ, Bryant SJ. Osteogenic effects of covalently tethered rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-9 in an MMP-sensitive PEG hydrogel nanocomposite. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:53-67. [PMID: 37634836 PMCID: PMC10831697 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
While bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) is one of the most widely studied BMPs in bone tissue engineering, BMP-9 has been purported to be a highly osteogenic BMP. This work investigates the individual osteogenic effects of recombinant human (rh) BMP-2 and rhBMP-9, when tethered into a hydrogel, on encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive hydrogel nanocomposite, comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked with MMP-sensitive peptides, tethered RGD, and entrapped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was used. The rhBMPs were functionalized with free thiols and then covalently tethered into the hydrogel by a thiol-norbornene photoclick reaction. rhBMP-2 retained its full bioactivity post-thiolation, while the bioactivity of rhBMP-9 was partially reduced. Nonetheless, both rhBMPs were highly effective at enhancing osteogenesis over 12-weeks in a chemically-defined medium. Expression of ID1 and osterix, early markers of osteogenesis; collagen type I, a main component of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM); and osteopontin, bone sialoprotein II and dentin matrix protein I, mature osteoblast markers, increased with increasing concentrations of tethered rhBMP-2 or rhBMP-9. When comparing the two BMPs, rhBMP-9 led to more rapid collagen deposition and greater mineralization long-term. In summary, rhBMP-2 retained its bioactivity post-thiolation while rhBMP-9 is more susceptible to thiolation. Despite this shortcoming with rhBMP-9, both rhBMPs when tethered into this hydrogel, enhanced osteogenesis of MSCs, leading to a mature osteoblast phenotype surrounded by a mineralized ECM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteoinductive hydrogels are a promising vehicle to deliver mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone regeneration. This study examines the in vitro osteoinductive capabilities when tethered bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are incorporated into a degradable biomimetic hydrogel with cell adhesive ligands, matrix metalloproteinase sensitive crosslinks for cell-mediated degradation, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that BMP-2 is readily thiolated and tethered without loss of bioactivity while bioactivity of BMP-9 is more susceptible to immobilization. Nonetheless, when either BMP2 or BMP9 are tethered into this hydrogel, osteogenesis of human MSCs is enhanced, bone extracellular matrix is deposited, and a mature osteoblast phenotype is achieved. This bone-biomimetic hydrogel is a promising design for stem cell-mediated bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Schoonraad
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80309-0613, United States
| | - Alan A Jaimes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Arjun J X Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Kiera J Croland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80309-0613, United States; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States.
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3
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van Velthoven MJJ, Gudde AN, Arendsen E, Roovers JP, Guler Z, Oosterwijk E, Kouwer PHJ. Growth Factor Immobilization to Synthetic Hydrogels: Bioactive bFGF-Functionalized Polyisocyanide Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301109. [PMID: 37526214 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
With its involvement in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has great potential for tissue engineering purposes. So far, however, clinical translation of soluble bFGF-based therapies is unsuccessful, because the required effective doses are often supraphysiological, which may cause adverse effects. An effective solution is growth factor immobilization, whereby bFGF retains its bioactivity at increased efficacy. Studied carriers include films, solid scaffolds, and particles, as well as natural and synthetic hydrogels. However, these synthetic hydrogels poorly resemble the characteristics of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). In this work, bFGF is covalently conjugated to the synthetic, but highly biocompatible, polyisocyanide-based hydrogel (PIC-bFGF), which closely mimics the architecture and mechanical properties of the ECM. The growth factor conjugation protocol is straightforward and readily extrapolated to other growth factors or proteins. The PIC-bFGF hydrogel shows a prolonged bioactivity up to 4 weeks although no clear effects on the ECM metabolism are observed. Beyond the future potential of the PIC-bFGF hydrogel toward various tissue engineering applications, this work underlines that simple biological conjugation procedures are a powerful strategy to induce additional bioactivity in 3D synthetic cell culture matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J J van Velthoven
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Aksel N Gudde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Arendsen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Paul Roovers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Zeliha Guler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H J Kouwer
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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4
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Chen L, Wei L, Su X, Qin L, Xu Z, Huang X, Chen H, Hu N. Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020213. [PMID: 36829707 PMCID: PMC9952804 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) defects cannot adequately repair themselves due to their sophisticated layered structure and lack of blood supply in cartilage. Although therapeutic interventions are reaching an advanced stage, current clinical therapies to repair defects are in their infancy. Among the possible therapies, OC tissue engineering has shown considerable promise, and multiple approaches utilizing scaffolds, cells, and bioactive factors have been pursued. The most recent trend in OC tissue engineering has been to design gradient scaffolds using different materials and construction strategies (such as bi-layered, multi-layered, and continuous gradient structures) to mimic the physiological and mechanical properties of OC tissues while further enabling OC repair. This review focuses specifically on design and construction strategies for gradient scaffolds and their role in the successful engineering of OC tissues. The current dilemmas in the field of OC defect repair and the efforts of tissue engineering to address these challenges were reviewed. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the typical fabrication techniques for gradient scaffolds were discussed, with examples of recent studies summarizing the future prospects for integrated gradient scaffold construction. This updated and enlightening review could provide insights into our current understanding of gradient scaffolds in OC tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao Huang
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (H.C.); (N.H.); Tel.: +86-023-89011202 (X.H. & H.C. & N.H.)
| | - Hong Chen
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (H.C.); (N.H.); Tel.: +86-023-89011202 (X.H. & H.C. & N.H.)
| | - Ning Hu
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (H.C.); (N.H.); Tel.: +86-023-89011202 (X.H. & H.C. & N.H.)
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5
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Siverino C, Fahmy-Garcia S, Mumcuoglu D, Oberwinkler H, Muehlemann M, Mueller T, Farrell E, van Osch GJVM, Nickel J. Site-Directed Immobilization of an Engineered Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) Variant to Collagen-Based Microspheres Induces Bone Formation In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073928. [PMID: 35409290 PMCID: PMC8999711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For the treatment of large bone defects, the commonly used technique of autologous bone grafting presents several drawbacks and limitations. With the discovery of the bone-inducing capabilities of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), several delivery techniques were developed and translated to clinical applications. Implantation of scaffolds containing adsorbed BMP2 showed promising results. However, off-label use of this protein-scaffold combination caused severe complications due to an uncontrolled release of the growth factor, which has to be applied in supraphysiological doses in order to induce bone formation. Here, we propose an alternative strategy that focuses on the covalent immobilization of an engineered BMP2 variant to biocompatible scaffolds. The new BMP2 variant harbors an artificial amino acid with a specific functional group, allowing a site-directed covalent scaffold functionalization. The introduced artificial amino acid does not alter BMP2′s bioactivity in vitro. When applied in vivo, the covalently coupled BMP2 variant induces the formation of bone tissue characterized by a structurally different morphology compared to that induced by the same scaffold containing ab-/adsorbed wild-type BMP2. Our results clearly show that this innovative technique comprises translational potential for the development of novel osteoinductive materials, improving safety for patients and reducing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Siverino
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (C.S.); (H.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Shorouk Fahmy-Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.-G.); (D.M.); (G.J.V.M.v.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Didem Mumcuoglu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.-G.); (D.M.); (G.J.V.M.v.O.)
- Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V., 5047 TK Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Oberwinkler
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (C.S.); (H.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Markus Muehlemann
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (C.S.); (H.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of the University Wuerzburg, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Gerjo J. V. M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.-G.); (D.M.); (G.J.V.M.v.O.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (C.S.); (H.O.); (M.M.)
- Fraunhofer ISC, Translational Center RT, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0931-3184122
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6
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Li Y, Fraser D, Mereness J, Van Hove A, Basu S, Newman M, Benoit DSW. Tissue Engineered Neurovascularization Strategies for Craniofacial Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:20-39. [PMID: 35014834 PMCID: PMC9016342 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial tissue injuries, diseases, and defects, including those within bone, dental, and periodontal tissues and salivary glands, impact an estimated 1 billion patients globally. Craniofacial tissue dysfunction significantly reduces quality of life, and successful repair of damaged tissues remains a significant challenge. Blood vessels and nerves are colocalized within craniofacial tissues and act synergistically during tissue regeneration. Therefore, the success of craniofacial regenerative approaches is predicated on successful recruitment, regeneration, or integration of both vascularization and innervation. Tissue engineering strategies have been widely used to encourage vascularization and, more recently, to improve innervation through host tissue recruitment or prevascularization/innervation of engineered tissues. However, current scaffold designs and cell or growth factor delivery approaches often fail to synergistically coordinate both vascularization and innervation to orchestrate successful tissue regeneration. Additionally, tissue engineering approaches are typically investigated separately for vascularization and innervation. Since both tissues act in concert to improve craniofacial tissue regeneration outcomes, a revised approach for development of engineered materials is required. This review aims to provide an overview of neurovascularization in craniofacial tissues and strategies to target either process thus far. Finally, key design principles are described for engineering approaches that will support both vascularization and innervation for successful craniofacial tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - David Fraser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States.,Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Jared Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Amy Van Hove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Sayantani Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Maureen Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States.,Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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7
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Spiller S, Wippold T, Bellmann-Sickert K, Franz S, Saalbach A, Anderegg U, Beck-Sickinger AG. Protease-Triggered Release of Stabilized CXCL12 from Coated Scaffolds in an Ex Vivo Wound Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101597. [PMID: 34683890 PMCID: PMC8539926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are designed to improve impaired healing of injured tissue. To accomplish better cell integration, we suggest to coat biomaterial surfaces with bio-functional proteins. Here, a mussel-derived surface-binding peptide is used and coupled to CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1α), a chemokine that activates CXCR4 and consequently recruits tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells. CXCL12 variants with either non-releasable or protease-mediated-release properties were designed and compared. Whereas CXCL12 was stabilized at the N-terminus for protease resistance, a C-terminal linker was designed that allowed for specific cleavage-mediated release by matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 2, since both enzymes are frequently found in wound fluid. These surface adhesive CXCL12 derivatives were produced by expressed protein ligation. Functionality of the modified chemokines was assessed by inositol phosphate accumulation and cell migration assays. Increased migration of keratinocytes and primary mesenchymal stem cells was demonstrated. Immobilization and release were studied for bioresorbable PCL-co-LC scaffolds, and accelerated wound closure was demonstrated in an ex vivo wound healing assay on porcine skin grafts. After 24 h, a significantly improved CXCL12-specific growth stimulation of the epithelial tips was already observed. The presented data display a successful application of protein-coated biomaterials for skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Spiller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (K.B.-S.)
| | - Tom Wippold
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.W.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Kathrin Bellmann-Sickert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (K.B.-S.)
| | - Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.W.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.W.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.W.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (U.A.); (A.G.B.-S.); Tel.: +49-341-972-5881 (U.A.); +49-341-973-6900 (A.G.B.-S.); Fax: +49-341-972-5878 (U.A.); +49-341-973-6909 (A.G.B.-S.)
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (K.B.-S.)
- Correspondence: (U.A.); (A.G.B.-S.); Tel.: +49-341-972-5881 (U.A.); +49-341-973-6900 (A.G.B.-S.); Fax: +49-341-972-5878 (U.A.); +49-341-973-6909 (A.G.B.-S.)
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8
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Seims KB, Hunt NK, Chow LW. Strategies to Control or Mimic Growth Factor Activity for Bone, Cartilage, and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:861-878. [PMID: 33856777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors play a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration. However, their clinical success is limited by their low stability, short half-life, and rapid diffusion from the delivery site. Supraphysiological growth factor concentrations are often required to demonstrate efficacy but can lead to adverse reactions, such as inflammatory complications and increased cancer risk. These issues have motivated the development of delivery systems that enable sustained release and controlled presentation of growth factors. This review specifically focuses on bioconjugation strategies to enhance growth factor activity for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral applications. We describe approaches to localize growth factors using noncovalent and covalent methods, bind growth factors via peptides, and mimic growth factor function with mimetic peptide sequences. We also discuss emerging and future directions to control spatiotemporal growth factor delivery to improve functional tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly B Seims
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Natasha K Hunt
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Lesley W Chow
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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9
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Schoonraad SA, Trombold ML, Bryant SJ. The Effects of Stably Tethered BMP-2 on MC3T3-E1 Preosteoblasts Encapsulated in a PEG Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1065-1079. [PMID: 33555180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a clinically used osteoinductive growth factor. With a short half-life and side effects, alternative delivery approaches are needed. This work examines thiolation of BMP-2 for chemical attachment to a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel using thiol-norbornene click chemistry. BMP-2 retained bioactivity post-thiolation and was successfully tethered into the hydrogel. To assess tethered BMP-2 on osteogenesis, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were encapsulated in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive hydrogels containing RGD and either no BMP-2, soluble BMP-2 (5 nM), or tethered BMP-2 (40-200 nM) and cultured in a chemically defined medium containing dexamethasone for 7 days. The hydrogel culture supported MC3T3-E1 osteogenesis regardless of BMP-2 presentation, but tethered BMP-2 augmented the osteogenic response, leading to significant increases in osteomarkers, Bglap and Ibsp. The ratio, Ibsp-to-Dmp1, highlighted differences in the extent of differentiation, revealing that without BMP-2, MC3T3-E1 cells showed a higher expression of Dmp1 (low ratio), but an equivalent expression with tethered BMP-2 and more abundant bone sialoprotein. In addition, this work identified that dexamethasone contributed to Ibsp expression but not Bglap or Dmp1 and confirmed that tethered BMP-2 induced the BMP canonical signaling pathway. This work presents an effective method for the modification and incorporation of BMP-2 into hydrogels to enhance osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Schoonraad
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael L Trombold
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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10
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Marques-Almeida T, Cardoso VF, Gama M, Lanceros-Mendez S, Ribeiro C. Patterned Piezoelectric Scaffolds for Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8352. [PMID: 33171761 PMCID: PMC7672637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphological clues of scaffolds can determine cell behavior and, therefore, the patterning of electroactive polymers can be a suitable strategy for bone tissue engineering. In this way, this work reports on the influence of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) electroactive micropatterned scaffolds on the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. For that, micropatterned P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds were produced by lithography in the form of arrays of lines and hexagons and then tested for cell proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast cell line. Results show that more anisotropic surface microstructures promote bone differentiation without the need of further biochemical stimulation. Thus, the combination of specific patterns with the inherent electroactivity of materials provides a promising platform for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Marques-Almeida
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.M.-A.); (V.F.C.)
- CEB, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.M.-A.); (V.F.C.)
- CMEMS-UMinho, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel Gama
- CEB, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.M.-A.); (V.F.C.)
- CEB, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
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11
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Enriquez-Ochoa D, Robles-Ovalle P, Mayolo-Deloisa K, Brunck MEG. Immobilization of Growth Factors for Cell Therapy Manufacturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:620. [PMID: 32637403 PMCID: PMC7317031 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy products exhibit great therapeutic potential but come with a deterring price tag partly caused by their costly manufacturing processes. The development of strategies that lead to cost-effective cell production is key to expand the reach of cell therapies. Growth factors are critical culture media components required for the maintenance and differentiation of cells in culture and are widely employed in cell therapy manufacturing. However, they are expensive, and their common use in soluble form is often associated with decreased stability and bioactivity. Immobilization has emerged as a possible strategy to optimize growth factor use in cell culture. To date, several immobilization techniques have been reported for attaching growth factors onto a variety of biomaterials, but these have been focused on tissue engineering. This review briefly summarizes the current landscape of cell therapy manufacturing, before describing the types of chemistry that can be used to immobilize growth factors for cell culture. Emphasis is placed to identify strategies that could reduce growth factor usage and enhance bioactivity. Finally, we describe a case study for stem cell factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karla Mayolo-Deloisa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, FEMSA Biotechnology Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marion E. G. Brunck
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, FEMSA Biotechnology Center, Monterrey, Mexico
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12
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Banerjee D, Bose S. Effects of Aloe Vera Gel Extract in Doped Hydroxyapatite-Coated Titanium Implants on in Vivo and in Vitro Biological Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3194-3202. [PMID: 35030764 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite-coated titanium alloys have been a popular choice as bone implants for load-bearing applications for the compositional similarity of hydroxyapatite to natural bone. The limited osteoinductive properties exhibited by the hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have led to the incorporation of growth factor or dopants for improved osseointegration. This study aims to investigate the effects of a naturally occurring aloe vera gel extract, acemannan, in doped hydroxyapatite coatings on the in vitro osteoblast cell viability and in vivo new bone formation in a rat distal femur model. Silver oxide and silica-doped hydroxyapatite coatings were developed by the induction plasma spray coating method on Ti alloys to introduce antibacterial properties along with induction of angiogenic properties, respectively. The doped coating was further consecutively dip coated with acemannan to analyze its effects on the in vivo early stage osseointegration and chitosan to control the burst release of the acemannan from the calcium phosphate matrix. The results show controlled release of acemannan from the chitosan coatings, with enhanced osteoblast cell viability by the incorporation of acemannan in vitro. Improved osseointegration with a seamless implant interface and improved new bone formation was noted by the acemannan and chitosan coating in vivo, 5 weeks after implantation. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of a combination of natural medicine and naturally occurring polymer in a doped hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implant on the bone tissue regeneration for load-bearing orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishary Banerjee
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, United States
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, United States
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13
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Gadalla D, Goldstein AS. Improving the Osteogenicity of PCL Fiber Substrates by Surface-Immobilization of Bone Morphogenic Protein-2. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:1006-1015. [PMID: 31115719 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber scaffolds are attractive, albeit inert, substrates for ligament regeneration, that may be improved by incorporating trophic factors to guide tissue remodeling in vivo. In particular, immobilization of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to the scaffold surface may facilitate rapid and robust integration of the scaffold with adjacent bone tissues. As a first step toward testing this, model PCL surfaces were modified by the addition of heparin (Hep) and BMP-2 to facilitate osteoblastic differentiation. Specifically, Hep was combined with PCL at 0, 0.5, and 1 wt% (denoted as PCL, PCL-0.5Hep, and PCL-1Hep), cast into films, and then BMP-2 was immobilized to surfaces by either adsorption and covalent conjugation. Here, BMP-2 concentration increased systematically with incorporation of Hep, and higher concentrations were achieved by covalent conjugation. Next, blends were electrospun to form thin meshes with fiber diameters of 0.92, 0.62, and 0.54 μm for PCL, PCL-0.5Hep, and PCL-1Hep, respectively. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) had no difficulty attaching to and proliferating on all meshes. Lastly, PCL-1Hep meshes were prepared with adsorbed or covalently conjugated BMP-2 and cultured with MSCs in the absence of osteogenic factors. Under these conditions, alkaline phosphatase activity and deposition of bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and calcium minerals-markers of osteoblastic differentiation-were significantly higher on surfaces with immobilized BMP-2. Together, these data indicate that covalent immobilization of trophic factors confers bioactivity to scaffolds, which may be applied in a spatially controlled manner for ligament regeneration and bone integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Gadalla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Suite 245 Goodwin Hall, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0211, USA
| | - Aaron S Goldstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Suite 245 Goodwin Hall, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0211, USA.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, 235 Kelly Hall, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0298, USA.
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14
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Chen R, Yu Y, Zhang W, Pan Y, Wang J, Xiao Y, Liu C. Tuning the bioactivity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 with surface immobilization strategies. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:108-120. [PMID: 30218780 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) involved therapy is of great potential for bone regeneration. However, its clinical application is restricted due to the undesirable bioactivity and relevant complications in vivo. Immobilization of recombinant BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) is an efficient strategy to mimic natural microenvironment and retain its bioactivity. Herein, we present evidences indicating that osteoinductive capacity of rhBMP-2 can be regulated via variant immobilizing approaches. Three representative superficial immobilizing models were employed to fabricate rhBMP-2-immobilized surfaces including physical adsorption (Au/rhBMP-2), covalent grafting (rhBMP-2-SAM-Au) and heparin binding (Hep-SAM-Au/rhBMP-2) (SAM: self-assembled monolayer). Loading capacity, releasing behavior, osteogenic differentiation and signaling pathways involved, as well as the cellular recognition of rhBMP-2 under various immobilization modes were systematically investigated. As a result, disparate immobilizing approaches not only have effects on loading capacity, but also lead to disparity of osteoinduction at the same dosage. Notably, heparin could reinforce the recognition between rhBMP-2 and its receptors (BMPRs) whereas weaken its binding to its antagonist Noggin. Owing to this "selective" binding feature, the favorable osteoinduction and maximum ectopic bone formation can be achieved with the heparin-binding approach. In particular, manipulation of orientation-mediated BMP-2-cell recognition efficiency may be a potential target to design more therapeutic efficient rhBMP-2 delivery system. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is crucial in bone regeneration. However, its clinical application is challenged due to its shorten half-life and supra-physiological dose associated complications. In this study, three representative superficial immobilizing patterns were fabricated through physical adsorption, covalent grafting and electrostatic interaction with heparin respectively. We provided evidences indicating an dose-dependent osteoinductive capacity of immobilized BMP-2. Further, a possible mechanism of rhBMP-2-cell recognition at the interface was presented, highlighting the superior effect of heparin on rhBMP-2 bioactivity. Finally, We proposed a dual mechanism of tuning the bioactivity of immobilized rhBMP-2 through surface immobilization approaches: regulation of the saturated loading capacity and orientation-mediated rhBMP-2-cell recognition. These results provide novel insights into designing criterion of efficient delivery vehicle for rhBMP-2.
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15
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Synergistic effect of co-immobilized FGF-2 and vitronectin-derived peptide on feeder-free expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:157-169. [PMID: 30274048 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSCs) on mouse derived feeder layers or murine cells secretions such as Matrigel hamper their clinical applications. Alternative methods have introduced novel substrates as stem cell niches or/and optimized combinations of humanized soluble factors as fully defined mediums. Accordingly vitronectin as a main part of ECM have been commercialized significantly as a stem cell niche-forming substrate. In this work, we used a functional peptide derived from vitronectin (VTN) and co-immobilized it with FGF-2 (as an indisputable ingredient of defined culture mediums) on chitosan film surface. After chemical and physical characterization of the pristine chitosan surface as well as ones modified by VTN or/and FGF-2, h-iPS cells were cultured on them at the xeno/feeder-free conditions. Our results demonstrated that co-immobilization of these two biomolecules has a synergistic effect on adhesion and clonal growth of h-iPS cells with maintained expression of pluripotency markers in a FGF-2 density-dependent manner. This is the first report of co-immobilization of an ECM derived molecule and a growth factor for stem cell culture.
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16
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Xia YJ, Xia H, Chen L, Ying QS, Yu X, Li LH, Wang JH, Zhang Y. Efficient delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) with dextran sulfate-chitosan microspheres. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3265-3272. [PMID: 29545844 PMCID: PMC5840956 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) serves an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. However, administration of BMP-2 protein alone by intravenous delivery is not very effective. Sustained delivery of stabilized BMP-2 by carriers has been proven necessary to improve the osteogenesis effect of BMP-2. The present study constructed a novel drug delivery system using dextran sulfate (DS)-chitosan (CS) microspheres and investigated the efficiency of the delivery system on recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2). The microsphere morphology, optimal ratio of DS/CS/rhBMP-2, and drug loading rate and entrapment efficiency of rhBMP-2 CS nanoparticles were determined. L929 cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and effect of DS/CS/rhBMP-2 microspheres on cell proliferation. Differentiation study was conducted using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-C57) cells treated with DS/CS/rhBMP-2 microspheres or the control microspheres. The DS/CS/rhBMP-2 microspheres delivery system was successfully established. Subsequent complexation of rhBMP-2-bound DS with polycations afforded well defined microspheres with a diameter of ~250 nm. High protein entrapment efficiency (85.6%) and loading ratio (47.245) µg/mg were achieved. Release of rhBMP-2 from resultant microspheres persisted for over 20 days as determined by ELISA assay. The bioactivity of rhBMP-2 encapsulated in the CS/DS microsphere was observed to be well preserved as evidenced by the alkaline phosphatase activity assay and calcium nodule formation of BMSCs-C57 incubated with rhBMP-2-loaded microspheres. The results demonstrated that microspheres based on CS-DS polyion complexes were a highly efficient vehicle for delivery of rhBMP-2 protein. The present study may provide novel orientation for bone tissue engineering for repairing and regenerating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jun Xia
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Shui Ying
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
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17
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Gohil SV, Wang L, Rowe DW, Nair LS. Spatially controlled rhBMP-2 mediated calvarial bone formation in a transgenic mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:1159-1165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Di Luca A, Klein-Gunnewiek M, Vancso JG, van Blitterswijk CA, Benetti EM, Moroni L. Covalent Binding of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 to 3D Plotted Scaffolds for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28865136 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Engineering the osteochondral tissue presents some challenges mainly relying in its function of transition from the subchondral bone to articular cartilage and the gradual variation in several biological, mechanical, and structural features. A possible solution for osteochondral regeneration might be the design and fabrication of scaffolds presenting a gradient able to mimic this transition. Covalent binding of biological factors proved to enhance cell adhesion and differentiation in two-dimensional culture substrates. Here, we used polymer brushes as selective linkers of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) on the surface of 3D scaffolds fabricated via additive manufacturing (AM) and subsequent controlled radical polymerization. These growth factors (GFs) are known to stimulate the differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) toward the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages, respectively. BMP-2 and TGF-β3 were covalently bound both homogeneously within a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based brush-functionalized scaffolds, and following a gradient composition by varying their concentration along the axial section of the 3D constructs. Following an approach previously developed by our group and proved to be successful to generate fibronectin gradients, opposite brush-supported gradients of BMP-2 and TGF-β3 were finally generated and subsequently tested to differentiate cells in a gradient fashion. The brush-supported GFs significantly influenced hMSCs osteochondral differentiation when the scaffolds were homogenously modified, yet no effect was observed in the gradient scaffolds. Therefore, this technique seems promising to maintain the biological activity of growth factors covalently linked to 3D scaffolds, but needs to be further optimized in case biological gradients are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Luca
- University of Twente, Tissue Regeneration Department, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Klein-Gunnewiek
- University of Twente, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers Group, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Julius G Vancso
- University of Twente, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers Group, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- University of Twente, Tissue Regeneration Department, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- University of Twente, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers Group, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093-CH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- University of Twente, Tissue Regeneration Department, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Wu RX, Yin Y, He XT, Li X, Chen FM. Engineering a Cell Home for Stem Cell Homing and Accommodation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700004. [PMID: 32646164 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Distilling complexity to advance regenerative medicine from laboratory animals to humans, in situ regeneration will continue to evolve using biomaterial strategies to drive endogenous cells within the human body for therapeutic purposes; this approach avoids the need for delivering ex vivo-expanded cellular materials. Ensuring the recruitment of a significant number of reparative cells from an endogenous source to the site of interest is the first step toward achieving success. Subsequently, making the "cell home" cell-friendly by recapitulating the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in terms of its chemistry, structure, dynamics, and function, and targeting specific aspects of the native stem cell niche (e.g., cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions) to program and steer the fates of those recruited stem cells play equally crucial roles in yielding a therapeutically regenerative solution. This review addresses the key aspects of material-guided cell homing and the engineering of novel biomaterials with desirable ECM composition, surface topography, biochemistry, and mechanical properties that can present both biochemical and physical cues required for in situ tissue regeneration. This growing body of knowledge will likely become a design basis for the development of regenerative biomaterials for, but not limited to, future in situ tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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20
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Rasi Ghaemi S, Delalat B, Cetó X, Harding FJ, Tuke J, Voelcker NH. Synergistic influence of collagen I and BMP 2 drives osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: A cell microarray analysis. Acta Biomater 2016. [PMID: 26196081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell microarrays are a novel platform for the high throughput discovery of new biomaterials. By re-creating a multitude of cell microenvironments on a single slide, this approach can identify the optimal surface composition to drive a desired cell response. To systematically study the effects of molecular microenvironments on stem cell fate, we designed a cell microarray based on parallel exposure of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to surface-immobilised collagen I (Coll I) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2). This was achieved by means of a reactive coating on a slide surface, enabling the covalent anchoring of Coll I and BMP 2 as microscale spots printed by a robotic contact printer. The surface between the printed protein spots was passivated using poly (ethylene glycol) bisamine 10,000Da (A-PEG). MSCs were then captured and cultured on array spots composed of binary mixtures of Coll I and BMP 2, followed by automated image acquisition and quantitative, multi-parameter analysis of cellular responses. Surface compositions that gave the highest osteogenic differentiation were determined using Runx2 expression and calcium deposition. Quantitative single cell analysis revealed subtle concentration-dependent effects of surface-immobilised proteins on the extent of osteogenic differentiation obscured using conventional analysis. In particular, the synergistic interaction of Coll I and BMP 2 in supporting osteogenic differentiation was confirmed. Our studies demonstrate the value of cell microarray platforms to decipher the combinatorial interactions at play in stem cell niche microenvironments.
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21
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Meng Y, Li X, Li Z, Liu C, Zhao J, Wang J, Liu Y, Yuan X, Cui Z, Yang X. Surface Functionalization of Titanium Alloy with miR-29b Nanocapsules To Enhance Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5783-5793. [PMID: 26887789 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys have been widely used over the past 3 decades as implants for healing bone defects. Nevertheless, the bioinert property of titanium alloy limits its clinical application and surface modification method is frequently performed to improve the biological and chemical properties. Recently, the delivery of microRNA with osteogenesis capability has been recognized as a promising tool to enhance bone regeneration of implants. Here, we developed a biodegradable coating to modify the titanium surface in order to enhance osteogenic bioactivity. The previous developed nanocapsules were used as the building blocks, and then a bioactive titanium coating was designed to entrap the miR-29b nanocapsules. This coating was not only favorable for cell adhesion and growth but also provided sufficient microRNA transfection efficacy and osteoinductive potential, resulting in a significant enhancement of bone regeneration on the surface of bioinert titanium alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunde Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Xubo Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xianjin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
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22
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Xu K, Shuai Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Gao C, Cao L, Hu F, Akaike T, Wang JX, Gu Z, Yang J. Human VE-Cadherin Fusion Protein as an Artificial Extracellular Matrix Enhancing the Proliferation and Differentiation Functions of Endothelial Cell. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:756-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chao Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Feifei Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Biomaterials
Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jian-xi Wang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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23
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Gohil SV, Brittain SB, Kan HM, Drissi H, Rowe DW, Nair LS. Evaluation of enzymatically crosslinked injectable glycol chitosan hydrogel. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5511-5522. [PMID: 32262522 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00663e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatically cross-linkable phenol-conjugated glycol chitosan was prepared by reacting glycol chitosan with 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (HPP). The chemical modification was confirmed by FTIR, 1H-NMR and UV spectroscopy. Glycol chitosan hydrogels (HPP-GC) with or without rhBMP-2 were prepared by the oxidative coupling of the substituted phenol groups in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and horse radish peroxidase. Rheological characterization demonstrated the feasibility of developing hydrogels with varying storage moduli by changing the polymer concentration. The gel presented a microporous structure with pore sizes ranging from 50-350 μm. The good viability of encapsulated 7F2 osteoblasts indicated non-toxicity of the gelation conditions. In vitro release of rhBMP-2 in phosphate buffer solution showed ∼11% release in 360 h. The ability of the hydrogel to maintain the in vivo bioactivity of rhBMP-2 was evaluated in a bilateral critical size calvarial bone defect model in Col3.6 transgenic fluorescent reporter mice. The presence of fluorescent green osteoblast cells with overlying red alizarin complexone and yellow stain indicating osteoclast TRAP activity confirmed active cell-mediated mineralization and remodelling process at the implantation site. The complete closure of the defect site at 4 and 8 weeks post implantation demonstrated the potent osteoinductivity of the rhBMP-2 containing gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini V Gohil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, E-7041, MC-3711, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
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24
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Di Luca A, Van Blitterswijk C, Moroni L. The osteochondral interface as a gradient tissue: From development to the fabrication of gradient scaffolds for regenerative medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:34-52. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Luca
- Tissue Regeneration Department; University of Twente; 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Van Blitterswijk
- Tissue Regeneration Department; University of Twente; 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine; Complex Tissue Regeneration Department; Maastricht ER 6229 The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Tissue Regeneration Department; University of Twente; 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine; Complex Tissue Regeneration Department; Maastricht ER 6229 The Netherlands
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25
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Effects of toll-like receptors 3 and 4 in the osteogenesis of stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:917168. [PMID: 25610471 PMCID: PMC4290028 DOI: 10.1155/2014/917168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effects of Toll-like receptors in stem cell osteogenesis. Methods. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were divided into the blank group, the TLR-3 activated group, and the TLR-4 activated group. After 10 days' osteogenic-promoting culture, expression of type I collagen and osteocalcin was determined by Western blot. Osteoblasts (OBs) were also divided into three groups mentioned above. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining were performed after 10 days' ossification-inducing culture. The expression of β-catenin was investigated by Western blot. Results. Both the TLR-3 and TLR-4 activated groups had increased expression of type I collagen and osteocalcin; the effect of TLR-4 was stronger. The intensity of alizarin red and ALP staining was strongest in the TLR-3 activated group and weakest in the TLR-4 activated group. Activation of TLR-4 decreased the expression of β-catenin, whilst activation of TLR-3 did not affect the expression of β-catenin. Discussion. This study suggested that both TLR-3 and -4 promoted differentiation of BMSCs to OBs. TLR-3 had an inducing effect on the ossification of OBs to osteocytes, whilst the effect of TLR-4 was the opposite because of its inhibitory effect on the Wnt signaling pathway.
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26
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Wu ATH, Aoki T, Sakoda M, Ohta S, Ichimura S, Ito T, Ushida T, Furukawa KS. Enhancing Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells by Immobilizing Inorganic Polyphosphate onto Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2014; 16:166-73. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501356c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megumu Sakoda
- Department
of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
| | | | - Shigetoshi Ichimura
- Department
of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
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27
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Casey-Sawicki K, Zhang M, Kim S, Zhang A, Zhang SB, Zhang Z, Singh R, Yang S, Swarts S, Vidyasagar S, Zhang L, Zhang A, Okunieff P. A basic fibroblast growth factor analog for protection and mitigation against acute radiation syndromes. HEALTH PHYSICS 2014; 106:704-712. [PMID: 24776903 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of fibroblast growth factors and their potential as broad-spectrum agents to treat and mitigate radiation injury have been studied extensively over the past two decades. This report shows that a peptide mimetic of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-P) protects and mitigates against acute radiation syndromes. FGF-P attenuates both sepsis and bleeding in a radiation-induced bone marrow syndrome model and reduces the severity of gastrointestinal and cutaneous syndromes; it should also mitigate combined injuries. FGF-2 and FGF-P induce little or no deleterious inflammation or vascular leakage, which distinguishes them from most other growth factors, angiogenic factors, and cytokines. Although recombinant FGFs have proven safe in several ongoing clinical trials, they are expensive to synthesize, can only be produced in limited quantity, and have limited shelf life. FGF-P mimics the advantageous features of FGF-2 without these disadvantages. This paper shows that FGF-P not only has the potential to be a potent yet safe broad-spectrum medical countermeasure that mitigates acute radiotoxicity but also holds promise for thermal burns, ischemic wound healing, tissue engineering, and stem-cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Casey-Sawicki
- *Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL; †BioPowerTech, 4734 Bluegrass Pkwy, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406; ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; §DiaCarta, LLC, Hayward, CA 94545
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28
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Sustained Growth Factor Delivery in Tissue Engineering Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:1528-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Qu Y, Wang Y, Kong X, Li J, Zuo Y, Zou Q, Gong P, Man Y. Heat-treated membranes with bioelectricity promote bone regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2013; 25:211-23. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.849903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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