1
|
Angolkar M, Paramshetti S, Gahtani RM, Al Shahrani M, Hani U, Talath S, Osmani RAM, Spandana A, Gangadharappa HV, Gundawar R. Pioneering a paradigm shift in tissue engineering and regeneration with polysaccharides and proteins-based scaffolds: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130643. [PMID: 38467225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of modern medicine, tissue engineering and regeneration stands as a beacon of hope, offering the promise of restoring form and function to damaged or diseased organs and tissues. Central to this revolutionary field are biological macromolecules-nature's own blueprints for regeneration. The growing interest in bio-derived macromolecules and their composites is driven by their environmentally friendly qualities, renewable nature, minimal carbon footprint, and widespread availability in our ecosystem. Capitalizing on these unique attributes, specific composites can be tailored and enhanced for potential utilization in the realm of tissue engineering (TE). This review predominantly concentrates on the present research trends involving TE scaffolds constructed from polysaccharides, proteins and glycosaminoglycans. It provides an overview of the prerequisites, production methods, and TE applications associated with a range of biological macromolecules. Furthermore, it tackles the challenges and opportunities arising from the adoption of these biomaterials in the field of TE. This review also presents a novel perspective on the development of functional biomaterials with broad applicability across various biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Angolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mesfer Al Shahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sirajunisa Talath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Asha Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Ravi Gundawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao L, Verduijn J, Van der Meeren L, Huang Y, Vallejos LC, Skirtach AG, Parakhonskiy BV. Alginate-CaCO 3 hybrid colloidal hydrogel with tunable physicochemical properties for cell growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129069. [PMID: 38161005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials composed of food polysaccharides are of great interest for future biomedical applications due to their great biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and complex architectural designs that play a crucial role in the modulation of cell adhesion and proliferation. In this work, a facile approach was designed to obtain novel 3D alginate-CaCO3 hybrid hydrogel particles in situ. Controlling the gel concentration from 3 to 20 mg·mL-1 allows us to control the alginate-CaCO3 hydrogel particles' size and density (size variation from 1.86 to 2.34 mm and density from 1.22 to 1.29 mg/mm3). This variable also has a considerable influence on the mineralization process resulting in CaCO3 particles with varied sizes and amounts within the hydrogel beads. The measurements of Young's modulus showed that the inclusion of CaCO3 particles into the alginate hydrogel improved its mechanical properties, and Young's modulus of these hybrid hydrogel particles had a linear relationship with alginate content and hydrogel particle size. Cell experiments indicated that alginate-CaCO3 hybrid hydrogel particles can support osteoblastic cell proliferation and growth. In particular, the amount of hydroxyapatite deposition on the cell membrane significantly increased after the treatment of cells with hybrid hydrogel particles, up to 20-fold. This work offers a strategy for constructing inorganic particle-doped polysaccharide hybrid hydrogel scaffolds that provide the potential to support cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Joost Verduijn
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yanqi Huang
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Currás Vallejos
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bogdan V Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Fazel Anvari-Yazdi A, Duan X, Zimmerling A, Gharraei R, Sharma N, Sweilem S, Ning L. Biomaterials / bioinks and extrusion bioprinting. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:511-536. [PMID: 37435177 PMCID: PMC10331419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinks are formulations of biomaterials and living cells, sometimes with growth factors or other biomolecules, while extrusion bioprinting is an emerging technique to apply or deposit these bioinks or biomaterial solutions to create three-dimensional (3D) constructs with architectures and mechanical/biological properties that mimic those of native human tissue or organs. Printed constructs have found wide applications in tissue engineering for repairing or treating tissue/organ injuries, as well as in vitro tissue modelling for testing or validating newly developed therapeutics and vaccines prior to their use in humans. Successful printing of constructs and their subsequent applications rely on the properties of the formulated bioinks, including the rheological, mechanical, and biological properties, as well as the printing process. This article critically reviews the latest developments in bioinks and biomaterial solutions for extrusion bioprinting, focusing on bioink synthesis and characterization, as well as the influence of bioink properties on the printing process. Key issues and challenges are also discussed along with recommendations for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X.B. Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, S7K 5A9, Saskatoon, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - A. Fazel Anvari-Yazdi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - X. Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - A. Zimmerling
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - R. Gharraei
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - N.K. Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, S7K 5A9, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - S. Sweilem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - L. Ning
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Gong Y, Shan L, Tan CY, Al-Furjan MS, Ramesh S, Chen H, Bian X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhou R. Research on Cartilage 3D Printing Technology Based on SA-GA-HA. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5312. [PMID: 37570016 PMCID: PMC10419889 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage damage is difficult to heal and poses a serious problem to human health as it can lead to osteoarthritis. In this work, we explore the application of biological 3D printing to manufacture new cartilage scaffolds to promote cartilage regeneration. The hydrogel made by mixing sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (GA) has high biocompatibility, but its mechanical properties are poor. The addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) can enhance its mechanical properties. In this paper, the preparation scheme of the SA-GA-HA composite hydrogel cartilage scaffold was explored, the scaffolds prepared with different concentrations were compared, and better formulations were obtained for printing and testing. Mathematical modeling of the printing process of the bracket, simulation analysis of the printing process based on the mathematical model, and adjustment of actual printing parameters based on the results of the simulation were performed. The cartilage scaffold, which was printed using Bioplotter 3D printer, exhibited useful mechanical properties suitable for practical needs. In addition, ATDC-5 cells were seeded on the cartilage scaffolds and the cell survival rate was found to be higher after one week. The findings demonstrated that the fabricated chondrocyte scaffolds had better mechanical properties and biocompatibility, providing a new scaffold strategy for cartilage tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China (R.Z.)
| | - Youping Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China (R.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lijun Shan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chou Yong Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - MS Al-Furjan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment (National “2011 Plan”), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - S. Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Institute of Power Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga National, Km-7, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43009, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huipeng Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China (R.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiangjuan Bian
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yanda Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China (R.Z.)
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment (National “2011 Plan”), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Rougang Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China (R.Z.)
- Wenzhou Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 3-4/F, Building B, Zhejiang Yungu, Nanyang Avenue, Yaoxi Street, Longwan District, Hangzhou 325038, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dos Santos KS, Oliveira LT, de Lima Fontes M, Migliato KF, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes Giannini MJS, Moroz A. Alginate-Based 3D A549 Cell Culture Model to Study Paracoccidioides Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:634. [PMID: 37367570 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) lung aggregate model based on sodium alginate scaffolds was developed to study the interactions between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) and lung epithelial cells. The suitability of the 3D aggregate as an infection model was examined using cell viability (cytotoxicity), metabolic activity, and proliferation assays. Several studies exemplify the similarity between 3D cell cultures and living organisms, which can generate complementary data due to the greater complexity observed in these designed models, compared to 2D cell cultures. A 3D cell culture system of human A549 lung cell line plus sodium alginate was used to create the scaffolds that were infected with Pb18. Our results showed low cytotoxicity, evidence of increased cell density (indicative of cell proliferation), and the maintenance of cell viability for seven days. The confocal analysis revealed viable yeast within the 3D scaffold, as demonstrated in the solid BHI Agar medium cultivation. Moreover, when ECM proteins were added to the alginate scaffolds, the number of retrieved fungi was significantly higher. Our results highlight that this 3D model may be promising for in vitro studies of host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Sousa Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina de Lima Fontes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrei Moroz
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ketabat F, Maris T, Duan X, Yazdanpanah Z, Kelly ME, Badea I, Chen X. Optimization of 3D printing and in vitro characterization of alginate/gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1161804. [PMID: 37304145 PMCID: PMC10248470 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Engineering cardiac tissue that mimics the hierarchical structure of cardiac tissue remains challenging, raising the need for developing novel methods capable of creating structures with high complexity. Three-dimensional (3D)-printing techniques are among promising methods for engineering complex tissue constructs with high precision. By means of 3D printing, this study aims to develop cardiac constructs with a novel angular structure mimicking cardiac architecture from alginate (Alg) and gelatin (Gel) composite. The 3D-printing conditions were optimized and the structures were characterized in vitro, with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells), for potential cardiac tissue engineering. Methods: We synthesized the composites of Alg and Gel with varying concentrations and examined their cytotoxicity with both H9c2 cells and HUVECs, as well as their printability for creating 3D structures of varying fibre orientations (angular design). The 3D-printed structures were characterized in terms of morphology by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron radiation propagation-based imaging computed tomography (SR-PBI-CT), and elastic modulus, swelling percentage, and mass loss percentage as well. The cell viability studies were conducted via measuring the metabolic activity of the live cells with MTT assay and visualizing the cells with live/dead assay kit. Results: Among the examined composite groups of Alg and Gel, two combinations with ratios of 2 to 1 and 3 to 1 (termed as Alg2Gel1 and Alg3Gel1) showed the highest cell survival; they accordingly were used to fabricate two different structures: a novel angular and a conventional lattice structure. Scaffolds made of Alg3Gel1 showed higher elastic modulus, lower swelling percentage, less mass loss, and higher cell survival compared to that of Alg2Gel1. Although the viability of H9c2 cells and HUVECs on all scaffolds composed of Alg3Gel1 was above 99%, the group of the constructs with the angular design maintained significantly more viable cells compared to other investigated groups. Conclusion: The group of angular 3D-ptinted constructs has illustrated promising properties for cardiac tissue engineering by providing high cell viability for both endothelial and cardiac cells, high mechanical strength as well as appropriate swelling, and degradation properties during 21 days of incubation. Statement of Significance: 3D-printing is an emerging method to create complex constructs with high precision in a large scale. In this study, we have demonstrated that 3D-printing can be used to create compatible constructs from the composite of Alg and Gel with endothelial cells and cardiac cells. Also, we have demonstrated that these constructs are able to enhance the viability of cardiac and endothelial cells via creating a 3D structure mimicking the alignment and orientation of the fibers in the native heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Ketabat
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Titouan Maris
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Institut Catholique des arts et métiers (ICAM)- Site de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Xiaoman Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zahra Yazdanpanah
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael E. Kelly
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Z, Zhao R, Chen X, Jiao Y, Chen Z. Design Approach for Tuning the Hybrid Region of 3D-Printed Heterogeneous Structures: Modulating Mechanics and Energy Absorption Capacity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7686-7699. [PMID: 36723979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The functional hierarchical structures of the triply periodic minimal surface are receiving much attention in tissue engineering applications due to their lightweight and multifunctionality. However, current functionally graded structure design methods are not friendly to heterogeneous structures containing different orientations and different unit types and often face the problems of insufficient connection in the hybrid regions and low local stiffness. In this paper, an improved gradient structure design method was proposed, which solves the problem of insufficient connection between substructures by constructing hybrid region transition functions. Three improved heterogeneous structures were constructed using Primitive and Gyroid lattices and compared with the unimproved heterogeneous structure. Their mechanical properties, deformation mechanism, and energy absorption capacity were examined by finite element analysis and experiments. The results showed that the proposed design method can effectively solve the problems of insufficient connection and poor bearing capacity in the hybrid region between substructures. This method can not only ensure the full connection of the hybrid regions but also flexibly adjust the mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity as well as effectively expand the application range of the energy absorption. Overall, these findings provide valuable guidelines for designing gradient structures with disordered and hybrid features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Li
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang150000, China
| | - Runchao Zhao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang150000, China
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, SaskatoonS7N5A9, Canada
| | - Yinghou Jiao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang150000, China
| | - Zhaobo Chen
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang150000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohabatpour F, Duan X, Yazdanpanah Z, Tabil XL, Lobanova L, Zhu N, Papagerakis S, Chen X, Papagerakis P. Bioprinting of alginate-carboxymethyl chitosan scaffolds for enamel tissue engineering in vitro. Biofabrication 2022; 15. [PMID: 36583240 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acab35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering offers a great potential in regenerative dentistry and to this end, three dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been emerging nowadays to enable the incorporation of living cells into the biomaterials (such a mixture is referred as a bioink in the literature) to create scaffolds. However, the bioinks available for scaffold bioprinting are limited, particularly for dental tissue engineering, due to the complicated, yet compromised, printability, mechanical and biological properties simultaneously imposed on the bioinks. This paper presents our study on the development of a novel bioink from carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and alginate (Alg) for bioprinting scaffolds for enamel tissue regeneration. CMC was used due to its antibacterial ability and superior cell interaction properties, while Alg was added to enhance the printability and mechanical properties as well as to regulate the degradation rate. The bioinks with three mixture ratios of Alg and CMC (2-4, 3-3 and 4-2) were prepared, and then printed into the calcium chloride crosslinker solution (100 mM) to form a 3D structure of scaffolds. The printed scaffolds were characterized in terms of structural, swelling, degradation, and mechanical properties, followed by theirin vitrocharacterization for enamel tissue regeneration. The results showed that the bioinks with higher concentrations of Alg were more viscous and needed higher pressure for printing; while the printed scaffolds were highly porous and showed a high degree of printability and structural integrity. The hydrogels with higher CMC ratios had higher swelling ratios, faster degradation rates, and lower compressive modulus. Dental epithelial cell line, HAT-7, could maintain high viability in the printed constructs after 1, 7 and 14 d of culture. HAT-7 cells were also able to maintain their morphology and secrete alkaline phosphatase after 14 d of culture in the 3D printed scaffolds, suggesting the capacity of these cells for mineral deposition and enamel-like tissue formation. Among all combinations Alg4%-CMC2% and in a less degree 2%Alg-4%CMC showed the higher potential to promote ameloblast differentiation, Ca and P deposition and matrix mineralizationin vitro. Taken together, Alg-CMC has been illustrated to be suitable to print scaffolds with dental epithelial cells for enamel tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 5E4 SK, Canada
| | - Xiaoman Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Zahra Yazdanpanah
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Xavier Lee Tabil
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 5E4 SK, Canada
| | - Ning Zhu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon S7N2V3 SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 0W8 SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 5E4 SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gregory T, Benhal P, Scutte A, Quashie D, Harrison K, Cargill C, Grandison S, Savitsky MJ, Ramakrishnan S, Ali J. Rheological characterization of cell-laden alginate-gelatin hydrogels for 3D biofabrication. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105474. [PMID: 36191458 PMCID: PMC10226802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication of tissue models that closely mimic the tumor microenvironment is necessary for high-throughput anticancer therapeutics. Extrusion-based bioprinting of heterogeneous cell-laden hydrogels has shown promise in advancing rapid artificial tissue development. A major bottleneck limiting the rapid production of physiologically relevant tissue models is the current limitation in effectively printing large populations of cells. However, by significantly increasing hydrogel cell-seeding densities, the time required to produce tissues could be effectively reduced. Here, we explore the effects of increasing cell seeding densities on the viscoelastic properties, printability, and cell viability of two different alginate-gelatin hydrogel compositions. Rheological analysis of hydrogels of varying cell seeding densities reveals an inverse relationship between cell concentration and zero-shear viscosity. We also observe that as cell seeding densities increases, the storage moduli decrease, thus lowering the required printing pressures for gel extrusion. We also observe that increasing cell concentration can negatively impact the structural properties of the extruded material by increasing post-print line spreading. We find that hydrogels composed of higher molecular weight alginates and the highest cell-seeding densities (107 cells/mL) yield higher cell viability (>80%) and structural uniformity after printing. The optimized printing parameters determined for the alginate-gelatin bioinks explored may aid in the future rapid fabrication of functional tissue models for therapeutic screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Gregory
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Prateek Benhal
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Annie Scutte
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - David Quashie
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Kiram Harrison
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Casey Cargill
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Saliya Grandison
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Mary Jean Savitsky
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Subramanian Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Jamel Ali
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Shao X, Liu Z, Mao S, Han L. Unraveling the Mechanobiology Underlying Traumatic Brain Injury with Advanced Technologies and Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200760. [PMID: 35841392 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health and socioeconomic problem, associated with prolonged and complex neurological aftermaths, including a variety of functional deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. Research on the long-term effects has highlighted that TBI shall be regarded as a chronic health condition. The initiation and exacerbation of TBI involve a series of mechanical stimulations and perturbations, accompanied by mechanotransduction events within the brain tissues. Mechanobiology thus offers a unique perspective and likely promising approach to unravel the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms leading to neural cells dysfunction after TBI, which may contribute to the discovery of novel targets for future clinical treatment. This article investigates TBI and the subsequent brain dysfunction from a lens of neuromechanobiology. Following an introduction, the mechanobiological insights are examined into the molecular pathology of TBI, and then an overview is given of the latest research technologies to explore neuromechanobiology, with particular focus on microfluidics and biomaterials. Challenges and prospects in the current field are also discussed. Through this article, it is hoped that extensive technical innovation in biomedical devices and materials can be encouraged to advance the field of neuromechanobiology, paving potential ways for the research and rehabilitation of neurotrauma and neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.,Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhongqian Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shijie Mao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smith CS, Orkwis JA, Bryan AE, Xu Z, Harris GM. The impact of physical, biochemical, and electrical signaling on Schwann cell plasticity. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151277. [PMID: 36265214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) injuries are an ongoing health care concern. While autografts and allografts are regarded as the current clinical standard for traumatic injury, there are inherent limitations that suggest alternative remedies should be considered for therapeutic purposes. In recent years, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have become increasingly popular as surgical repair devices, with a multitude of various natural and synthetic biomaterials offering potential to enhance the design of conduits or supplant existing technologies entirely. From a cellular perspective, it has become increasingly evident that Schwann cells (SCs), the primary glia of the PNS, are a predominant factor mediating nerve regeneration. Thus, the development of severe nerve trauma therapies requires a deep understanding of how SCs interact with their environment, and how SC microenvironmental cues may be engineered to enhance regeneration. Here we review the most recent advancements in biomaterials development and cell stimulation strategies, with a specific focus on how the microenvironment influences the behavior of SCs and can potentially lead to functional repair. We focus on microenvironmental cues that modulate SC morphology, proliferation, migration, and differentiation to alternative phenotypes. Promotion of regenerative phenotypic responses in SCs and other non-neuronal cells that can augment the regenerative capacity of multiple biomaterials is considered along with innovations and technologies for traumatic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne S Smith
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jacob A Orkwis
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Andrew E Bryan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Greg M Harris
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Z, Chen Z, Chen X, Zhao R. Effect of Surface Curvature on the Mechanical and Mass-Transport Properties of Additively Manufactured Tissue Scaffolds with Minimal Surfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1623-1643. [PMID: 35285609 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design of scaffolds for tissue engineering has to consider two trade-off properties: mechanical and mass-transport properties. This is particularly true for additively manufactured scaffolds with the structures of minimal surfaces, and notably, the influence of the surface curvature of the structure on the mechanical and mass-transport properties remains unclear. This work presents our study on the scaffolds designed with the structure of triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), with a focus on discovering the influence of surface curvature on the mechanical response and the mass-transport property or permeability of the scaffolds. Based on the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a model representative of both mechanical and permeable properties of scaffolds was developed; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and finite element analysis (FEA) were also used to reveal the influence mechanism of curvature on structural fracture and deformation behavior. AlSi10Mg samples of scaffolds designed with different surface curvatures were manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM), and their mechanical and permeable properties were examined and characterized by both experiments and simulations. Our results illustrate that at the same porosity, the more concentrated the curvature distribution of the same type of unit, the better trade-off mechanical and mass-transport properties the scaffolds have. Particularly, at the porosity of 55%, the compressive elastic modulus and permeability of the Dte structure are increased by 2.03 times and 1.95 times compared with the Diamond unit, respectively. The fusion structure can greatly improve permeability performance at the cost of mechanical properties. Our results also show that porosity has the greatest influence on mechanical and permeable properties, followed by the surface curvature. The study illustrates that the surface curvature has a significant influence on the mechanical and permeable properties of scaffolds, and that the developed scaffold performance evaluation scheme is an effective means for the optimization and evaluation of scaffold performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Li
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Zhaobo Chen
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5A9, Canada
| | - Runchao Zhao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Malekpour A, Chen X. Printability and Cell Viability in Extrusion-Based Bioprinting from Experimental, Computational, and Machine Learning Views. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020040. [PMID: 35466222 PMCID: PMC9036289 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrusion bioprinting is an emerging technology to apply biomaterials precisely with living cells (referred to as bioink) layer by layer to create three-dimensional (3D) functional constructs for tissue engineering. Printability and cell viability are two critical issues in the extrusion bioprinting process; printability refers to the capacity to form and maintain reproducible 3D structure and cell viability characterizes the amount or percentage of survival cells during printing. Research reveals that both printability and cell viability can be affected by various parameters associated with the construct design, bioinks, and bioprinting process. This paper briefly reviews the literature with the aim to identify the affecting parameters and highlight the methods or strategies for rigorously determining or optimizing them for improved printability and cell viability. This paper presents the review and discussion mainly from experimental, computational, and machine learning (ML) views, given their promising in this field. It is envisioned that ML will be a powerful tool to advance bioprinting for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Malekpour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (X.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sadeghianmaryan A, Naghieh S, Yazdanpanah Z, Alizadeh Sardroud H, Sharma NK, Wilson LD, Chen X. Fabrication of chitosan/alginate/hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffolds using 3D printing and impregnating techniques for potential cartilage regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:62-75. [PMID: 35124017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printed hydrogel scaffolds enhanced with ceramics have shown potential applications for cartilage regeneration, but leaving biological and mechanical properties to be desired. This paper presents our study on the development of chitosan /alginate scaffolds with nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) by combining 3D printing and impregnating techniques, forming a hybrid, yet novel, structure of scaffolds for potential cartilage regeneration. First, we incorporated nHA into chitosan scaffold printing and studied the printability by examining the difference between the printed scaffolds and their designs. Then, we impregnated alginate with nHA into the printed chitosan scaffolds to forming a hybrid structure of scaffolds; and then characterized the scaffolds mechanically and biologically, with a focus on identifying the influence of nHA and alginate for potential cartilage regeneration. The results of compression tests on the scaffolds showed that the inclusion of nHA increased the elastic moduli of scaffolds; while the live/dead assay illustrated that nHA had a great effect on improving attachment and viability of ATCD5 cells on the scaffolds. Also, our results illustrated scaffolds with nHA impregnated in alginate hydrogel enhanced the cell viability and attachment. Furthermore, antibacterial activity of hybrid scaffolds was characterized with results indicating that the chitosan scaffolds had favourable antibacterial ability, which was further enhanced with the impregnated nHA. Taken together, our study has illustrated that chitosan/HA/alginate hybrid scaffolds are promising for cartilage regeneration and the methods developed to create hybrid scaffolds based on 3D printing and impregnating techniques, which can also be extended to fabricating scaffolds for other tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sadeghianmaryan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Saman Naghieh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Zahra Yazdanpanah
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hamed Alizadeh Sardroud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - N K Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lee D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, 110 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Promotion of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma (PC-12) Cell Proliferation and Outgrowth Using Schwann Cell-Laden Gelatin Methacrylate Substrate. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020084. [PMID: 35200467 PMCID: PMC8871842 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries cause different degrees of nerve palsy and function loss. Due to the limitations of autografts, nerve tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds incorporated with various neurotrophic factors and cells have been investigated to promote nerve regeneration. However, the molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. In this study, we co-cultured Schwann cells (SCs) and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells on 50% degrees of methacryloyl substitution gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) scaffold. The SCs were encapsulated within the GelMA, and PC-12 cells were on the surface. A 5% GelMA was used as the co-culture scaffold since it better supports SCs proliferation, viability, and myelination and promotes higher neurotrophic factors secretion than 10% GelMA. In the co-culture, PC-12 cells demonstrated a higher cell proliferation rate and axonal extension than culturing without SCs, indicating that the secretion of neurotrophic factors from SCs can stimulate PC-12 growth and axonal outgrowth. The mRNA level for neurotrophic factors of SCs in 5% GelMA was further evaluated. We found significant upregulation when compared with a 2D culture, which suggested that this co-culture system could be a potential scaffold to investigate the mechanism of how SCs affect neuronal behaviors.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu P, Xi X, Li R, Sun G. Engineering Polysaccharides for Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100141. [PMID: 34219388 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The success of repair or regeneration depends greatly on the architecture of 3D scaffolds that finely mimic natural extracellular matrix to support cell growth and assembly. Polysaccharides have excellent biocompatibility with intrinsic biological cues and they have been extensively investigated as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). The physical and biochemical structures of natural polysaccharides, however, can barely meet all the requirements of tissue-engineered scaffolds. To take advantage of their inherent properties, many innovative approaches including chemical, physical, or joint modifications have been employed to improve their properties. Recent advancement in molecular and material building technology facilitates the fabrication of advanced 3D structures with desirable properties. This review focuses on the latest progress of polysaccharide-based scaffolds for TERM, especially those that construct advanced architectures for tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xin Xi
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, College of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Ruochen Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Guoming Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, College of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
3D-Bioprinting has seen a rapid expansion in the last few years, with an increasing number of reported bioinks. Alginate is a natural biopolymer that forms hydrogels by ionic cross-linking with calcium ions. Due to its biocompatibility and ease of gelation, it is an ideal ingredient for bioinks. This review focuses on recent advances on bioink formulations based on the combination of alginate with other polysaccharides. In particular, the molecular weight of the alginate and its loading level have an impact on the material's performance, as well as the loading of the divalent metal salt and its solubility, which affects the cross-linking of the gel. Alginate is often combined with other polysaccharides that can sigificantly modify the properties of the gel, and can optimise alginate for use in different biological applications. It is also possible to combine alginate with sacrificial polymers, which can temporarily reinforce the 3D printed construct, but then be removed at a later stage. Other additives can be formulated into the gels to enhance performance, including nanomaterials that tune rheological properties, peptides to encourage cell adhesion, or growth factors to direct stem cell differentiation. The ease of formulating multiple components into alginate gels gives them considerable potential for further development. In summary, this review will facilitate the identification of different alginate-polysaccharide bioink formulations and their optimal applications, and help inform the design of second generation bioinks, allowing this relatively simple gel system to achieve more sophisticated control over biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Entekhabi E, Haghbin Nazarpak M, Shafieian M, Mohammadi H, Firouzi M, Hassannejad Z. Fabrication and in vitro evaluation of 3D composite scaffold based on collagen/hyaluronic acid sponge and electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:300-312. [PMID: 32490587 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of peripheral nerve autografts with tissue engineered nerve grafts will potentially resolve the lack of nerve tissue especially in patients with severe concomitant soft tissue injuries. This study attempted to fabricate a tissue engineered nerve graft composed of electrospun PCL conduit filled with collagen-hyaluronic acid (COL-HA) sponge with different COL-HA weight ratios including 100:0, 98:2, 95:5 and 90:10. The effect of HA addition on the sponge porosity, mechanical properties, water absorption and degradation rate was assessed. A good cohesion between the electrospun PCL nanofibers and COL-HA sponges were seen in all sponges with different HA contents. Mechanical properties of PCL nanofibrous layer were similar to the rat sciatic nerve; the ultimate tensile strength was 2.23 ± 0.35 MPa at the elongation of 35%. Additionally, Schwann cell proliferation and morphology on three dimensional (3D) composite scaffold were evaluated by using MTT and SEM assays, respectively. Rising the HA content resulted in higher water absorption as well as greater pore size and porosity, while a decrease in Schwann cell proliferation compared to pure collagen sponge, although reduction in cell proliferation was not statistically significant. The lower Schwann cell proliferation on the COL-HA was attributed to the greater degradation rate and pore size of the COL-HA sponges. Also, dorsal root ganglion assay showed that the engineered 3D construct significantly increases axon growth. Taken together, these results suggest that the fabricated 3D composite scaffold provide a permissive environment for Schwann cells proliferation and maturation and can encourage axon growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Entekhabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Haghbin Nazarpak
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC), Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafieian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniye Mohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Firouzi
- Tissue Repair Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hassannejad
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Łabowska MB, Cierluk K, Jankowska AM, Kulbacka J, Detyna J, Michalak I. A Review on the Adaption of Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogels for 3D Cultures and Bioprinting. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:858. [PMID: 33579053 PMCID: PMC7916803 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sustaining the vital functions of cells outside the organism requires strictly defined parameters. In order to ensure their optimal growth and development, it is necessary to provide a range of nutrients and regulators. Hydrogels are excellent materials for 3D in vitro cell cultures. Their ability to retain large amounts of liquid, as well as their biocompatibility, soft structures, and mechanical properties similar to these of living tissues, provide appropriate microenvironments that mimic extracellular matrix functions. The wide range of natural and synthetic polymeric materials, as well as the simplicity of their physico-chemical modification, allow the mechanical properties to be adjusted for different requirements. Sodium alginate-based hydrogel is a frequently used material for cell culture. The lack of cell-interactive properties makes this polysaccharide the most often applied in combination with other materials, including gelatin. The combination of both materials increases their biological activity and improves their material properties, making this combination a frequently used material in 3D printing technology. The use of hydrogels as inks in 3D printing allows the accurate manufacturing of scaffolds with complex shapes and geometries. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the materials used for 3D cell cultures, which are mainly alginate-gelatin hydrogels, including their properties and potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena B. Łabowska
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.Ł); (A.M.J.)
| | - Karolina Cierluk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka M. Jankowska
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.Ł); (A.M.J.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Detyna
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.Ł); (A.M.J.)
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tavakoli S, Kharaziha M, Nemati S, Kalateh A. Nanocomposite hydrogel based on carrageenan-coated starch/cellulose nanofibers as a hemorrhage control material. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
22
|
Ning L, Gil CJ, Hwang B, Theus AS, Perez L, Tomov ML, Bauser-Heaton H, Serpooshan V. Biomechanical factors in three-dimensional tissue bioprinting. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2020; 7:041319. [PMID: 33425087 PMCID: PMC7780402 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting techniques have shown great promise in various fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Yet, creating a tissue construct that faithfully represents the tightly regulated composition, microenvironment, and function of native tissues is still challenging. Among various factors, biomechanics of bioprinting processes play fundamental roles in determining the ultimate outcome of manufactured constructs. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed overview on various biomechanical factors involved in tissue bioprinting, including those involved in pre, during, and post printing procedures. In preprinting processes, factors including viscosity, osmotic pressure, and injectability are reviewed and their influence on cell behavior during the bioink preparation is discussed, providing a basic guidance for the selection and optimization of bioinks. In during bioprinting processes, we review the key characteristics that determine the success of tissue manufacturing, including the rheological properties and surface tension of the bioink, printing flow rate control, process-induced mechanical forces, and the in situ cross-linking mechanisms. Advanced bioprinting techniques, including embedded and multi-material printing, are explored. For post printing steps, general techniques and equipment that are used for characterizing the biomechanical properties of printed tissue constructs are reviewed. Furthermore, the biomechanical interactions between printed constructs and various tissue/cell types are elaborated for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The review is concluded with an outlook regarding the significance of biomechanical processes in tissue bioprinting, presenting future directions to address some of the key challenges faced by the bioprinting community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Carmen J. Gil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Boeun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Andrea S. Theus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Lilanni Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Martin L. Tomov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Holly Bauser-Heaton
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Telephone: 404-712-9717. Fax: 404-727-9873
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Telephone: 404-712-9717. Fax: 404-727-9873
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ning L, Mehta R, Cao C, Theus A, Tomov M, Zhu N, Weeks ER, Bauser-Heaton H, Serpooshan V. Embedded 3D Bioprinting of Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Constructs with Highly Tunable Structural Fidelity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44563-44577. [PMID: 32966746 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of hydrogel-based constructs at adequate consistency and reproducibility can be obtained through a compromise between the hydrogel's inherent instability and printing fidelity. There is an increasing demand to develop bioprinting modalities that enable high-fidelity fabrication of 3D hydrogel structures that closely correspond to the envisioned design. In this work, we performed a systematic, in-depth characterization and optimization of embedded 3D bioprinting to create 3D gelatin-methacryloyl (gelMA) structures with highly controlled fidelity using Carbopol as suspension bath. The role of various embedded printing process parameters in bioprinting fidelity was investigated using a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. We examined the effect of rheological properties of gelMA and Carbopol at varying concentrations, as well as printing conditions on the volumetric flow rate of gelMA bioink. Printing speed was examined and optimized to successfully print gelMA into the support bath at varying Carbopol concentrations. Printing fidelity was characterized in terms of printed strand diameter, uniformity, angle, and area. The optimal Carbopol solution that retained filament shape at highest fidelity was determined. The efficacy of developed bioprinting approach was then demonstrated by fabricating 3D hydrogel constructs with varying geometries and visualized using an advanced synchrotron-based imaging technique. We also investigated the influence of the Carbopol medium on cross-linking and the resulting stiffness of gelMA constructs. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity of the developed bioprinting approach was assessed by printing human umbilical vein endothelial cells encapsulated in the gelMA bioink. These results demonstrate the significance of the close interplay between bioink-support bath rheology and printing parameters and help to establish an optimized workflow for creating 3D hydrogel structures with high fidelity and cytocompatibility via embedded bioprinting techniques. This robust platform could further expand the application of bioprinted soft tissue constructs in a wide variety of biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ning
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Riya Mehta
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Cong Cao
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Andrea Theus
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Martin Tomov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ning Zhu
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, S7N 2 V3 Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Eric R Weeks
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Holly Bauser-Heaton
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Sibley Heart Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 United States
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yao K, Gong G, Fu Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li G, Yang Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytocompatible Alkyne-Containing Poly(β-amino ester)-Based Hydrogels Functionalized via Click Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1391-1397. [PMID: 35638631 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although poly(β-amino esters) (PAEs) have been widely applied in nonviral gene transfection, drug delivery systems, and regenerative medicine, the multifunctional modification of PAEs and bio-orthogonal strategies of PAE-based hydrogel functionalization is still a challenge. Herein, a strategy of poly(β-amino ester)-based hydrogel functionalization was developed via bio-orthogonal reactions in this study. Acrylate-terminated poly(β-amino esters) containing alkyne groups were synthesized by Michael addition reaction. Alkyne groups on poly(β-amino esters) could conjugate bioactive molecules with azide of K(N3)RGD via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, and terminal acrylate groups could in situ polymerize to prepare a hydrogel. A biomimetic peptide K(N3)RGD functionalized hydrogel was prepared by polymerization of acrylate-terminated poly(β-amino esters) containing conjugated peptide and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). The storage modulus and mechanical properties exhibited an increased trend with the increased concentration; nevertheless, swelling ratio and surface wetting properties demonstrated a decreased tendency by increased concentrations. Cell proliferation and live/dead staining showed that Schwann cells plated on the hydrogel with an elastic modulus of 25.39 KPa are more suitable for proliferation and function exertion of Schwann cells compared with that of 42.11 and 57.86 KPa, and KRGD-conjugated hydrogel could increase the elongation of Schwann cells relative to nonconjugated hydrogels. This azide-alkyne strategy may be a promising candidate for hydrogel functionalization in tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Guangming Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zexi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Luzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pahlevanzadeh F, Mokhtari H, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Emadi R, Kharaziha M, Valiani A, Poursamar SA, Ismail AF, RamaKrishna S, Berto F. Recent Trends in Three-Dimensional Bioinks Based on Alginate for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3980. [PMID: 32911867 PMCID: PMC7557490 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an appealing and revolutionary manufacturing approach for the accurate placement of biologics, such as living cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, in the form of a 3D hierarchical structure to fabricate synthetic multicellular tissues. Many synthetic and natural polymers are applied as cell printing bioinks. One of them, alginate (Alg), is an inexpensive biomaterial that is among the most examined hydrogel materials intended for vascular, cartilage, and bone tissue printing. It has also been studied pertaining to the liver, kidney, and skin, due to its excellent cell response and flexible gelation preparation through divalent ions including calcium. Nevertheless, Alg hydrogels possess certain negative aspects, including weak mechanical characteristics, poor printability, poor structural stability, and poor cell attachment, which may restrict its usage along with the 3D printing approach to prepare artificial tissue. In this review paper, we prepare the accessible materials to be able to encourage and boost new Alg-based bioink formulations with superior characteristics for upcoming purposes in drug delivery systems. Moreover, the major outcomes are discussed, and the outstanding concerns regarding this area and the scope for upcoming examination are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Pahlevanzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mokhtari
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Rahmatollah Emadi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ali Valiani
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - S Ali Poursamar
- Biomaterials, Nanotechnology, and Tissue Engineering Group, Advanced Medical Technology Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Seeram RamaKrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ding C, Chen X, Kang Q, Yan X. Biomedical Application of Functional Materials in Organ-on-a-Chip. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:823. [PMID: 32793573 PMCID: PMC7387427 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology has been utilized in a lot of biomedical fields such as fundamental physiological and pharmacological researches. Various materials have been introduced in OOC and can be broadly classified into inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials. Although PDMS continues to be the preferred material for laboratory research, materials for OOC are constantly evolving and progressing, and have promoted the development of OOC. This mini review provides a summary of the various type of materials for OOC systems, focusing on the progress of materials and related fabrication technologies within the last 5 years. The advantages and drawbacks of these materials in particular applications are discussed. In addition, future perspectives and challenges are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chizhu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinshu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carvalho CR, Costa JB, Costa L, Silva-Correia J, Moay ZK, Ng KW, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Enhanced performance of chitosan/keratin membranes with potential application in peripheral nerve repair. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:5451-5466. [PMID: 31642822 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although surgical management of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) has improved over time, autografts are still the current "gold standard" treatment for PNIs, which presents numerous limitations. In an attempt to improve natural biomaterial-based nerve guidance conduits (NGCs), chitosan (CHT), a derivative of the naturally occurring biopolymer chitin, has been explored for peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR). In addition to CHT, keratin has gained enormous attention as a biomaterial and tissue engineering scaffolding. In this study, biomimetic CHT/keratin membranes were produced using a solvent casting technique. These membranes were broadly characterized in terms of their surface topography and physicochemical properties, with techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), contact angle, weight loss and water uptake measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Biological in vitro assays were also performed, where a preliminary cytotoxicity screening with the L929 fibroblast cell line revealed that the membranes and respective materials are suitable for cell culture. In addition, Schwann cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells were directly seeded in the membranes. Quantitative and qualitative assays revealed that the addition of keratin enhanced cell viablity and adhesion. Based on the encouraging in vitro results, the in vivo angiogenic/antiangiogenic potential of CHT and CHT/keratin membranes was assessed, using an optimized chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, where higher angiogenic responses were seen in keratin-enriched materials. Overall, the obtained results indicate the higher potential of CHT/keratin membranes for guided tissue regeneration applications in the field of PNR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana R Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Roushangar Zineh B, Shabgard MR, Roshangar L, Jahani K. Experimental and numerical study on the performance of printed alginate/hyaluronic acid/halloysite nanotube/polyvinylidene fluoride bio-scaffolds. J Biomech 2020; 104:109764. [PMID: 32247526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The growing usage of printed bio scaffolds in the field of regenerative medicine has made this field very important in biomedical engineering. In this regard, three-dimensional printing (3D) technique needs bio-materials with higher mechanical and biological performance. The biomaterials with high mechanical performance beside its bio compatibility are limited. A novel bio-material made of Alginate, Hyaluronic acid, Halloysite Nanotube and Polyvinylidene Fluoride was used and characterized for printing cartilage bio scaffolds through numerical studies. CaCl2 was used for crosslinking of biomaterial. Scanning Electron Microscopy, mechanical tests (tensile and compressive test), MTT assay were conducted for evaluating this novel biomaterial. Different structures of bio material were simulated for numerical studies. The numerical study was performed in ANSYS 18 using three parameter Mooney-Rivlin model. According to experimental and numerical results, Halloysite Nanotube increases the tensile and compressive strength of biomaterial up to 47%. Results show that biomaterial have good mechanical performance due to mechanical forces required for cartilage bio scaffolds besides its high biological performance. Polyvinylidene fluoride reduces the mechanical performance while increasing the cell viability. MTT assay results performed on day 0, day 2 and day 6 show increase in cell number to be about twice for biomaterial containing 40 mg/ml alginate, 40 mg/ml halloysite nanotube, 10 mg/ml hyaluronic acid and 1 w/v Polyvinylidene fluoride. Numerical simulation shows high mechanical performance of bio material in different scaffolds structure. The best structure of bio scaffolds was achieved with 0.4 mm nozzle diameter and 0.4 space between rows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Kamal Jahani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ning L, Yang B, Mohabatpour F, Betancourt N, Sarker MD, Papagerakis P, Chen X. Process-induced cell damage: pneumatic versus screw-driven bioprinting. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025011. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab5f53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Printability of 3D Printed Hydrogel Scaffolds: Influence of Hydrogel Composition and Printing Parameters. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion-based bioprinting of hydrogel scaffolds is challenging due to printing-related issues, such as the lack of capability to precisely print or deposit hydrogels onto three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds as designed. Printability is an index to measure the difference between the designed and fabricated scaffold in the printing process, which, however, is still under-explored. While studies have been reported on printing hydrogel scaffolds from one or more hydrogels, there is limited knowledge on the printability of hydrogels and their printing processes. This paper presented our study on the printability of 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds, with a focus on identifying the influence of hydrogel composition and printing parameters/conditions on printability. Using the hydrogels synthesized from pure alginate or alginate with gelatin and methyl-cellulose, we examined their flow behavior and mechanical properties, as well as their influence on printability. To characterize the printability, we examined the pore size, strand diameter, and other dimensions of the printed scaffolds. We then evaluated the printability in terms of pore/strand/angular/printability and irregularity. Our results revealed that the printability could be affected by a number of factors and among them, the most important were those related to the hydrogel composition and printing parameters. This study also presented a framework to evaluate alginate hydrogel printability in a systematic manner, which can be adopted and used in the studies of other hydrogels for bioprinting.
Collapse
|
32
|
Grijalvo S, Nieto‐Díaz M, Maza RM, Eritja R, Díaz DD. Alginate Hydrogels as Scaffolds and Delivery Systems to Repair the Damaged Spinal Cord. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900275. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
- Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Manuel Nieto‐Díaz
- Molecular Neuroprotection GroupResearch Unit, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM) E‐45071 Toledo Spain
| | - Rodrigo M. Maza
- Molecular Neuroprotection GroupResearch Unit, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM) E‐45071 Toledo Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
- Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
- Institute of Natural Products and Abrobiology of the CSIC Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 E‐3826 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu S, Ni S, Jiang X, Kuss MA, Wang HJ, Duan B. Guiding Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Myelinating Schwann Cell-Like Phenotypes by Using Electrospun Core-Sheath Nanoyarns. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5284-5294. [PMID: 33455233 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nerve guidance conduit (NGC)-infilling substrates have been reported to facilitate the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves (PNs), especially for large nerve gaps. In this study, longitudinally oriented electrospun core-sheath nanoyarns (csNYs), consisting of a polylactic acid microfiber core and an electrospun nanofiber sheath, were fabricated for potential PN tissue engineering applications. Our novel csNY displayed a well-aligned nanofibrous surface topography, resembling the ultrastructure of axons and fascicles of a native PN system, and it also provided a mechanically stable structure. The biological results showed that the csNY significantly enhanced the attachment, growth, and proliferation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSC) and also promoted the migration, proliferation, and phenotype maintenance of rabbit Schwann cells (rSCs). Our csNY notably increased the differentiation capability of hADMSC into SC-like cells (hADMSC-SC), in comparison with a 2D tissue culture polystyrene plate. More importantly, when combined with the appropriate induction medium, our csNY promoted hADMSC-SC to express high levels of myelination-associated markers. Overall, this study demonstrates that our csNYs have great potential to serve as not only ideal in vitro culture models for understanding SC-axon interaction and SC myelination but also as promising NGC-infilling substrates for PN regeneration applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- College of Textiles & Clothing; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biomass Fibers, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | | | | | | | - Bin Duan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aregueta-Robles UA, Martens PJ, Poole-Warren LA, Green RA. Tissue engineered hydrogels supporting 3D neural networks. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:269-284. [PMID: 30500450 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Promoting nerve regeneration requires engineering cellular carriers to physically and biochemically support neuronal growth into a long lasting functional tissue. This study systematically evaluated the capacity of a biosynthetic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel to support growth and differentiation of co-encapsulated neurons and glia. A significant challenge is to understand the role of the dynamic degradable hydrogel mechanical properties on expression of relevant cellular morphologies and function. It was hypothesised that a carrier with mechanical properties akin to neural tissue will provide glia with conditions to thrive, and that glia in turn will support neuronal survival and development. PVA co-polymerised with biological macromolecules sericin and gelatin (PVA-SG) and with tailored nerve tissue-like mechanical properties were used to encapsulate Schwann cells (SCs) alone and subsequently a co-culture of SCs and neural-like PC12s. SCs were encapsulated within two PVA-SG gel variants with initial compressive moduli of 16 kPa and 2 kPa, spanning a range of reported mechanical properties for neural tissues. Both hydrogels were shown to support cell viability and expression of extracellular matrix proteins, however, SCs grown within the PVA-SG with a higher initial modulus were observed to present with greater physiologically relevant morphologies and increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins. The higher modulus PVA-SG was subsequently shown to support development of neuronal networks when SCs were co-encapsulated with PC12s. The lower modulus hydrogel was unable to support effective development of neural networks. This study demonstrates the critical link between hydrogel properties and glial cell phenotype on development of functional neural tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogels as platforms for tissue regeneration must provide encapsulated cellular progenitors with physical and biochemical cues for initial survival and to support ongoing tissue formation as the artificial network degrades. While most research focuses on tailoring scaffold properties to suit neurons, this work aims to support glia SCs as the key cellular component that physically and biochemically supports the neuronal network. The challenge is to modify hydrogel properties to support growth and development of multiple cell types into a neuronal network. Given SCs ability to respond to substrate mechanical properties, the significance of this work lies in understanding the relationship between dynamic hydrogel mechanical properties and glia SCs development as the element that enables formation of mature, differentiated neural networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Penny J Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura A Poole-Warren
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rylie A Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bio-fabrication of peptide-modified alginate scaffolds: Printability, mechanical stability and neurite outgrowth assessments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2019.e00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
36
|
Soltan N, Ning L, Mohabatpour F, Papagerakis P, Chen X. Printability and Cell Viability in Bioprinting Alginate Dialdehyde-Gelatin Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2976-2987. [PMID: 33405600 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technique used to fabricate scaffolds from hydrogels with living cells. However, the printability of hydrogels in bioprinting has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study was to quantitatively characterize the printability and cell viability of alginate dialdehyde (ADA)-gelatin (Gel) hydrogels for bioprinting. ADA-Gel hydrogels of various concentrations were synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, along with rheological tests for measuring storage and loss moduli. Scaffolds (with an area of 11 × 11 mm) of 1, 2, and 13 layers were fabricated from ADA-Gel hydrogels using a 3D-bioplotter under printing conditions with and without the use of cross-linker, respectively, at room temperature and at 4 °C. Scaffolds were then quantitatively assessed in terms of the minimum printing pressure, quality of strands and pores, and structural integrity, which were combined together for the characterization of ADA-Gel printability. For the assessment of cell viability, scaffolds were bioprinted from ADA-Gel hydrogels with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat Schwann cells and were then examined at day 7 with live/dead assay. HUVECs and Schwann cells were used as models to demonstrate biocompatibility for potential angiogenesis and nerve repair applications, respectively. Our results illustrated that ADA-Gel hydrogels with a loss tangent (ratio of loss modulus over storage modulus) between 0.24 and 0.28 could be printed in cross-linker with the best printability featured by uniform strands, square pores, and good structural integrity. Additionally, our results revealed that ADA-Gel hydrogels with an appropriate printability could maintain cell viability over 7 days. Combined together, this study presents a novel method to characterize the printability of hydrogels in bioprinting and illustrates that ADA-Gel hydrogels can be synthesized and bioprinted with good printability and cell viability, thus demonstrating their suitability for bioprinting scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Petros Papagerakis
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E4, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Indirect 3D bioprinting and characterization of alginate scaffolds for potential nerve tissue engineering applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 93:183-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
38
|
Li L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Shi F, Nie Y, Liu T, Song K. Effects of concentration variation on the physical properties of alginate-based substrates and cell behavior in culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:184-195. [PMID: 30684581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays alginate capsules exhibit good biocompatibility and high permeability for nutrients and metabolic wastes making them appealing biomaterial for therapeutic cell encapsulation. Further study of the characteristics of alginate beads which are highly dependent on various environmental conditions to create an optimum microenvironment for cells is also critical. Thus, in this study, the effect of concentration variation on the physical properties of alginate-based beads and entrapped-cells behavior was analyzed. Results showed that the increase of Ca ions concentration brought about the decrease of the average diameter, prolongation of dissolution time, reduction of permeability and swelling, and a rise of crosslinking extent and shrinkage of capsules; while raising sodium alginate concentration had an opposite effect on the diameter and shrinkage. Moreover, the addition of gelatin enhanced the penetration and swelling and slowed down the shrinkage of capsules. And MC3T3-E1 cells enclosed in the particles in which the concentration of calcium chloride, sodium alginate and gelatin was 2.5%, 2.0% and 0.5% (w/v %) had preferable abilities of proliferation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase. Overall, the ability to tailor this system to support in vitro growth of MC3T3-E1 cells might have significance for the future use of other cell types in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Burns Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Fangxin Shi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Yi Nie
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Technology Industries, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Tianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ning L, Zhu N, Mohabatpour F, Sarker MD, Schreyer DJ, Chen X. Bioprinting Schwann cell-laden scaffolds from low-viscosity hydrogel compositions. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00669a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A printable hydrogel composition for Schwann cell-laden tissue scaffold bioprinting in damaged nerve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ning
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Saskatchewan
- Canada
| | - Ning Zhu
- Canadian Light Source
- Saskatoon
- Canada
| | - Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Saskatchewan
- Canada
| | - M. D. Sarker
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Saskatchewan
- Canada
| | - David J. Schreyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- College of Medicine
- University of Saskatchewan
- Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Saskatchewan
- Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sarker M, Naghieh S, McInnes AD, Schreyer DJ, Chen X. Regeneration of peripheral nerves by nerve guidance conduits: Influence of design, biopolymers, cells, growth factors, and physical stimuli. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 171:125-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
41
|
Polysaccharides for tissue engineering: Current landscape and future prospects. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 205:601-625. [PMID: 30446147 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological studies on the importance of carbohydrate moieties in tissue engineering have incited a growing interest in the application of polysaccharides as scaffolds over the past two decades. This review provides a perspective of the recent approaches in developing polysaccharide scaffolds, with a focus on their chemical modification, structural versatility, and biological applicability. The current major limitations are assessed, including structural reproducibility, the narrow scope of polysaccharide modifications being applied, and the effective replication of the extracellular environment. Areas with opportunities for further development are addressed with an emphasis on the application of rationally designed polysaccharides and their importance in elucidating the molecular interactions necessary to properly design tissue engineering materials.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ning L, Betancourt N, Schreyer DJ, Chen X. Characterization of Cell Damage and Proliferative Ability during and after Bioprinting. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3906-3918. [PMID: 33429605 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
When a biomaterial solution containing living cells is subject to bioprinting, the cells experience process-induced stresses, including shear and extensional stresses. These process-induced stresses breach cell membranes and can lead to cell damage, thus reducing cell viability and functioning within the printed constructs. Studies have been conducted to determine the influence of shear stress on cell damage; however, the effect of extensional stress has been typically ignored in the literature until the recently collected evidence of its importance. This paper presents a novel method to characterize and quantify the cell damage caused by both shear and extensional stresses in bioprinting. In this method, cell damage law is first established to relate cell damage to shear stress based on the experiments with a rheometer; the process-induced shear stress experienced by cells in bioprinting is represented, and the established cell damage model is applied to calculate the degree of cell damage caused by shear stress in bioprinting; then cell damage caused by extensional stress is inferred from the difference between the total cell damage and the amount of cell damage attributed to shear stress. With the obtained magnitude of extensional stress from fluidic simulation, the model that relates extensional stress to cell damage is established; the bioprinting process-induced cell damage attributed to both shear and extensional stresses is therefore presented. Schwann cells and myoblasts were used as examples to validate the models. Comparison between experimental and simulation results shows the effectiveness of the models presented in this paper. Moreover, the viability and proliferative ability of cells in the first 72 h after bioprinting is investigated, with the results illustrating that the process-induced forces affect not only cell viability but also their proliferative ability after bioprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ning
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Nicholas Betancourt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - David J Schreyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N OW3, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9, Canada.,Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Karel S, Sogorkova J, Hermannova M, Nesporova K, Marholdova L, Chmelickova K, Bednarova L, Flegel M, Drasar P, Velebny V. Stabilization of hyaluronan-based materials by peptide conjugation and its use as a cell-seeded scaffold in tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:300-307. [PMID: 30241822 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New materials based on molecules naturally occurred in body are assumed to be fully biocompatible and biodegradable. In our study, we used hyaluronic acid (HA) modified with peptides, which meet all this criterion and could be advantageously used in tissue engineering. Peptides with RGD, IKVAV or SIKVAV adhesive motif were attached to HA-based fiber or non-woven textile through ester bond in the term of solid phase peptide synthesis. A linker between HA and peptide containing three glycine or two 6-aminohexanoyl units was applied to make peptides more available for cell surface receptors. Dermal fibroblasts adhered readily on this material, preferentially to RGD peptide with 6-aminohexanoyl linker. Contrary, the absence of adhesive peptide did not allow the cell attachment but maintained the material stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Karel
- Contipro a. s., Dolni Dobrouc 401, CZ-561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-166 10 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Sogorkova
- Contipro a. s., Dolni Dobrouc 401, CZ-561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hermannova
- Contipro a. s., Dolni Dobrouc 401, CZ-561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Nesporova
- Contipro a. s., Dolni Dobrouc 401, CZ-561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Marholdova
- Contipro a. s., Dolni Dobrouc 401, CZ-561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lucie Bednarova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Flegel
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drasar
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Velebny
- Contipro a. s., Dolni Dobrouc 401, CZ-561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li X, Wang X, Wang X, Chen H, Zhang X, Zhou L, Xu T. 3D bioprinted rat Schwann cell-laden structures with shape flexibility and enhanced nerve growth factor expression. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:342. [PMID: 30073127 PMCID: PMC6063810 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting composite alginate-gelatin hydrogel has encouraged the fabrication of cell-laden functional structures with cells from various tissues. However, reports focusing on printing this hydrogel for nerve tissue research are limited. This study aims at building in vitro Schwann cell 3D microenvironment with customized shapes through 3D bioprinting technology. Rat Schwann cell RSC96s encapsulated in composite alginate-gelatin hydrogel were printed with an extrusion-based bioprinter. Cells maintained high viability of 85.35 ± 6.19% immediately after printing and the printed hydrogel supported long-term Schwann cell proliferation for 2 weeks. Furthermore, after 14 days of culturing, Schwann cells cultured in printed structures maintained viability of 92.34 ± 2.19% and showed enhanced capability of nerve growth factor (NGF) release (142.41 ± 8.99 pg/ml) compared with cells from two-dimensional culture (92.27 ± 9.30 pg/ml). Specific Schwann cell marker S100β was also expressed by cells in printed structures. These printed structures may have the potential to be used as in vitro neurotrophic factor carriers and could be integrated into complex biomimetic artificial structures with the assistance of 3D bioprinting technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinda Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Biomanufacturing Engineering Research Laboratory, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
- Medprin Biotech GmbH, Gutleutstr 163-167, 60327 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lian Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
- Biomanufacturing Engineering Research Laboratory, Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ning L, Sun H, Lelong T, Guilloteau R, Zhu N, Schreyer DJ, Chen X. 3D bioprinting of scaffolds with living Schwann cells for potential nerve tissue engineering applications. Biofabrication 2018; 10:035014. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aacd30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
46
|
Abstract
Background The worldwide demand for the organ replacement or tissue regeneration is increasing steadily. The advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have made it possible to regenerate such damaged organs or tissues into functional organ or tissue with the help of 3D bioprinting. The main component of the 3D bioprinting is the bioink, which is crucial for the development of functional organs or tissue structures. The bioinks used in 3D printing technology require so many properties which are vital and need to be considered during the selection. Combination of different methods and enhancements in properties are required to develop more successful bioinks for the 3D printing of organs or tissue structures. Main body This review consists of the recent state-of-art of polymer-based bioinks used in 3D printing for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The subsection projects the basic requirements for the selection of successful bioinks for 3D printing and developing 3D tissues or organ structures using combinations of bioinks such as cells, biomedical polymers and biosignals. Different bioink materials and their properties related to the biocompatibility, printability, mechanical properties, which are recently reported for 3D printing are discussed in detail. Conclusion Many bioinks formulations have been reported from cell-biomaterials based bioinks to cell-based bioinks such as cell aggregates and tissue spheroids for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Interestingly, more tunable bioinks, which are biocompatible for live cells, printable and mechanically stable after printing are emerging with the help of functional polymeric biomaterials, their modifications and blending of cells and hydrogels. These approaches show the immense potential of these bioinks to produce more complex tissue/organ structures using 3D bioprinting in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janarthanan Gopinathan
- 1Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea.,2Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Insup Noh
- 1Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea.,2Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sarker M, Izadifar M, Schreyer D, Chen X. Influence of ionic crosslinkers (Ca2+/Ba2+/Zn2+) on the mechanical and biological properties of 3D Bioplotted Hydrogel Scaffolds. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:1126-1154. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1433420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sarker
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mohammad Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - David Schreyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Naghieh S, Karamooz-Ravari MR, Sarker MD, Karki E, Chen X. Influence of crosslinking on the mechanical behavior of 3D printed alginate scaffolds: Experimental and numerical approaches. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 80:111-118. [PMID: 29414466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tissue scaffolds fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting are attracting considerable attention for tissue engineering applications. Because the mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds should match the damaged tissue, changing various parameters during 3D bioprinting has been studied to manipulate the mechanical behavior of the resulting scaffolds. Crosslinking scaffolds using a cation solution (such as CaCl2) is also important for regulating the mechanical properties, but has not been well documented in the literature. Here, the effect of varied crosslinking agent volume and crosslinking time on the mechanical behavior of 3D bioplotted alginate scaffolds was evaluated using both experimental and numerical methods. Compression tests were used to measure the elastic modulus of each scaffold, then a finite element model was developed and a power model used to predict scaffold mechanical behavior. Results showed that crosslinking time and volume of crosslinker both play a decisive role in modulating the mechanical properties of 3D bioplotted scaffolds. Because mechanical properties of scaffolds can affect cell response, the findings of this study can be implemented to modulate the elastic modulus of scaffolds according to the intended application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Naghieh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | | | - M D Sarker
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Eva Karki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
You F, Eames BF, Chen X. Application of Extrusion-Based Hydrogel Bioprinting for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1597. [PMID: 28737701 PMCID: PMC5536084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) is a rapidly developing technique that has made substantial progress in the fabrication of constructs for cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) over the past decade. With this technique, cell-laden hydrogels or bio-inks have been extruded onto printing stages, layer-by-layer, to form three-dimensional (3D) constructs with varying sizes, shapes, and resolutions. This paper reviews the cell sources and hydrogels that can be used for bio-ink formulations in CTE application. Additionally, this paper discusses the important properties of bio-inks to be applied in the EBB technique, including biocompatibility, printability, as well as mechanical properties. The printability of a bio-ink is associated with the formation of first layer, ink rheological properties, and crosslinking mechanisms. Further, this paper discusses two bioprinting approaches to build up cartilage constructs, i.e., self-supporting hydrogel bioprinting and hybrid bioprinting, along with their applications in fabricating chondral, osteochondral, and zonally organized cartilage regenerative constructs. Lastly, current limitations and future opportunities of EBB in printing cartilage regenerative constructs are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu You
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada.
| | - B Frank Eames
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ning L, Chen X. A brief review of extrusion-based tissue scaffold bio-printing. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28544779 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion-based bio-printing has great potential as a technique for manipulating biomaterials and living cells to create three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for damaged tissue repair and function restoration. Over the last two decades, advances in both engineering techniques and life sciences have evolved extrusion-based bio-printing from a simple technique to one able to create diverse tissue scaffolds from a wide range of biomaterials and cell types. However, the complexities associated with synthesis of materials for bio-printing and manipulation of multiple materials and cells in bio-printing pose many challenges for scaffold fabrication. This paper presents an overview of extrusion-based bio-printing for scaffold fabrication, focusing on the prior-printing considerations (such as scaffold design and materials/cell synthesis), working principles, comparison to other techniques, and to-date achievements. This paper also briefly reviews the recent development of strategies with regard to hydrogel synthesis, multi-materials/cells manipulation, and process-induced cell damage in extrusion-based bio-printing. The key issue and challenges for extrusion-based bio-printing are also identified and discussed along with recommendations for future, aimed at developing novel biomaterials and bio-printing systems, creating patterned vascular networks within scaffolds, and preserving the cell viability and functions in scaffold bio-printing. The address of these challenges will significantly enhance the capability of extrusion-based bio-printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ning
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|