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Wilson SMB, Sparks KV, Cline A, Draper SB, Jones MI, Parker JK. Behavioral interventions and behavior change techniques used to improve sleep outcomes in athlete populations: A scoping review. Behav Sleep Med 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38965766 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2374257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes display a high prevalence of undesired sleep characteristics that may affect both performance and wellbeing. OBJECTIVES This scoping review aimed to identify and map the existing evidence of behavioral sleep interventions and their effects on sleep outcomes in athletes, and retrospectively code the behavior change techniques (BCTs) implemented using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (BCTTv1). METHODS Conducted following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews, four online databases were used to identify prospective interventions with at least one behavioral component in competitive athletes, and reporting a sleep outcome pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 892 participants with a median age of 23. Five intervention categories were identified (education, mind-body practices, direct, multi-component, and other), with each demonstrating mixed efficacy but the potential to improve sleep outcomes. The BCTs varied in type and frequency between each category, with only 18 unique BCTs identified across all studies. CONCLUSIONS The varied efficacy of previous studies at improving sleep outcomes may be attributed to the lack of behavior change theory applied during intervention development. Designing interventions following a targeted specification of the behavioral problem, and the integration of corresponding BCTs should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine V Sparks
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Staffordshire University, Stoke-On-Trent, UK
| | - Alice Cline
- Public Health Wales, National Health Service Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Martin I Jones
- Department of Sport, Hartpury University, Gloucester, UK
| | - John K Parker
- Department of Sport, Hartpury University, Gloucester, UK
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Wüst LN, Capdevila NC, Lane LT, Reichert CF, Lasauskaite R. Impact of one night of sleep restriction on sleepiness and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 76:101940. [PMID: 38759474 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Detrimental consequences of chronic sleep restriction on cognitive function are well established in the literature. However, effects of a single night of sleep restriction remain equivocal. Therefore, we synthesized data from 44 studies to investigate effects of sleep restriction to 2-6 h sleep opportunity on sleepiness and cognition in this meta-analysis. We investigated subjective sleepiness, sustained attention, choice reaction time, cognitive throughput, working memory, and inhibitory control. Results revealed a significant increase in subjective sleepiness following one night of sleep restriction (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 0.986, p < 0.001), while subjective sleepiness was not associated with sleep duration during sleep restriction (β = -0.214, p = 0.039, significance level 0.01). Sustained attention, assessed via common 10-min tasks, was impaired, as demonstrated through increased reaction times (SMD = 0.512, p < 0.001) and attentional lapses (SMD = 0.489, p < 0.001). However, the degree of impaired attention was not associated with sleep duration (ps > 0.090). We did not find significant effects on choice reaction time, cognitive throughput, working memory, or inhibitory control. Overall, results suggest that a single night of restricted sleep can increase subjective sleepiness and impair sustained attention, a cognitive function crucial for everyday tasks such as driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa N Wüst
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Noëmi C Capdevila
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lina T Lane
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolin F Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruta Lasauskaite
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Bougrine H, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Belgacem A, Salem A, Chtourou H, Jahrami H, Souissi N. The effect of last meal "Suhoor" timing on diurnal variations in cognitive performance during Ramadan fasting among female athletes. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1373799. [PMID: 38694225 PMCID: PMC11061406 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1373799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the timing of the last meal, "Suhoor", on diurnal variation in cognitive performance during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). In a randomized order, 26 adolescent female athletes (aged 15.9 ± 0.9 y) were tested in three sessions at 7:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., and 5:00 p.m. across four different conditions: the 10 days preceding Ramadan (PR); the final 12 days of Ramadan (RO): two different conditions: Early Suhoor (SEarly), and Late Suhoor (SLate); and, ultimately, the 10 days immediately after Ramadan (AR) with an in-between recovery period of ≥24 h. During each test session, the oral temperature (OT), simple reaction time test (SRT), choice reaction time test (CRT), attention test (ATT), and mental rotation test (MRT) were evaluated. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and daily diary intake were assessed across the three periods. Compared to PR, the sleep parameters assessed by the PSQI were significantly lower during the RO and AR periods. However, neither total dietary intake nor OT showed any changes due to RIF. Compared to PR, the afternoon performances of SRT, CRT, ATT, and MRT significantly declined under both the SEarly and SLate conditions. Notably, midday performance decreased only during SLate, while morning performance remained unaffected in both conditions. Additionally, compared to SEarly, these performances were better during SLate in the afternoon and at midday. In summary, nutrient intake timing had a significant effect on the diurnal fluctuations in cognitive functions during Ramadan fasting, particularly around noon and in the afternoon. Our results illustrate the benefits of a late last meal (Suhoor) in preserving optimal morning cognitive abilities and preventing any impairment during the fasted state at midday or in the afternoon, which could affect overall athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Gafsa, Gafsa University, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), Faculty of Sport Sciences (UFR STAPS), Paris Lumières University (UPL), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Belgacem
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Atef Salem
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba, Tunisia
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Benchetrit S, Badariotti JI, Corbett J, Costello JT. The effects of sleep deprivation and extreme exertion on cognitive performance at the world-record breaking Suffolk Back Yard Ultra-marathon. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299475. [PMID: 38483945 PMCID: PMC10939274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Using a prospective observational design, this study investigated the hypothesis that competing in the Suffolk Back Yard Ultra-marathon, would result in impaired cognitive performance and examined whether pre-race sleep patterns could mitigate this. Fifteen runners (1 female) volunteered to undertake this study and eleven males were included in the final analysis. Before the race and after withdrawal participants completed the following cognitive performance tasks: 2 Choice Reaction Time (2CRT), Stroop, and the Tower Puzzle. Pre-race sleep strategies were subjectively recorded with a 7-day sleep diary. Following race withdrawal, reaction time increased (Δ 77±68 ms; p = 0.004) in the 2CRT and executive function was impaired in the Stroop task (Interference score Δ -4.3±5.6 a.u.; p = 0.028). Decision making was not affected in the Tower Puzzle task. There was a significant correlation between the pre-race 7-day average sleep scores and both 2CRT Δ throughput (r = 0.61; p = 0.045) and 2CRT Δ RT (r = -0.64; p = 0.034). This study supports the hypothesis that running an ultra-marathon, which includes at least one night of sleep deprivation, impairs cognitive performance and provides novel evidence suggesting good sleep quality, in the week prior to an ultra-marathon, could minimise these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Benchetrit
- Extreme Environments Thematic Research Group, School of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Juan I. Badariotti
- Extreme Environments Thematic Research Group, School of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Corbett
- Extreme Environments Thematic Research Group, School of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph T. Costello
- Extreme Environments Thematic Research Group, School of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Munnilari M, Bommasamudram T, Easow J, Tod D, Varamenti E, Edwards BJ, Ravindrakumar A, Gallagher C, Pullinger SA. Diurnal variation in variables related to cognitive performance: a systematic review. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:495-510. [PMID: 37589927 PMCID: PMC10955027 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review was to assess current evidence regarding changes in cognitive function according to time-of-day (TOD) and assess the key components of research design related to manuscripts of chronobiological nature. METHODS An English-language literature search revealed 523 articles through primary database searches, and 1868 via organization searches/citation searching. The inclusion criteria were met by eleven articles which were included in the review. The inclusion criteria set were healthy adult males, a minimum of two timepoints including morning and evening, cognitive measures of performance, and peer-reviewed academic paper. RESULTS It was established that cognitive performance varies with TOD and the degree of difference is highly dependent on the type of cognitive task with differences ranging from 9.0 to 34.2% for reaction time, 7.3% for alertness, and 7.8 to 40.3% for attention. The type of cognitive function was a determining factor as to whether the performance was better in the morning, evening, or afternoon. CONCLUSION Although some studies did not establish TOD differences, reaction time and levels of accuracy were highest in the evening. This implies that cognitive processes are complex, and existing research is contradictory. Some studies or cognitive variables did not show any measurable TOD effects, which may be due to differences in methodology, subjects involved, testing protocols, and confounding factors. No studies met all requirements related to chronobiological research, highlighting the issues around methodology. Therefore, future research must use a rigorous, approach, minimizing confounding factors that are specific to examinations of TOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Munnilari
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Tulasiram Bommasamudram
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Judy Easow
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - David Tod
- Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aishwarya Ravindrakumar
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chloe Gallagher
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samuel A Pullinger
- Sport Science Department, Inspire Institute of Sport, Vidyanagar, Dist, Bellary, 583275, India.
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Roy J, Godin R, Gaudreault P, Forest G. The relationship between sleep, perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and academic and sports performance in young athletes. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1500-1514. [PMID: 37919967 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2273828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfectionism is associated with sleep as well as with academic and sports performance. Given the importance of sleep for performance and the sleep changes that occur during adolescence, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep, two dimensions of perfectionism (perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns), with academic and sports performance in young athletes. The occurrence of perfectionistic strivings was identified as a tendency to set high personal standards for oneself, while the occurrence of perfectionistic concerns was identified as a tendency to feel pressure to be perfect and have concerns about imperfections. A total of 32 athletes aged 13 to 16 years old participated in this study. Perfectionism, sleep, and course grades were measured at the end of the school year. Sleep was measured by actigraphy, and sports performance improvement was obtained by comparing individual performance at the beginning and the end of the school year. The moderating effect of both dimensions of perfectionism on the relationships between sleep and academic and sports performance improvement was measured. First, results showed no significant relationship between sleep and academic/sports performance. Further analyses revealed that perfectionistic strivings moderated the relationship between certain aspects of sleep with academic and sports performance improvement. Delayed and suboptimal sleep habits were associated with lower academic and sports performance improvement when low levels of perfectionistic strivings were present. Results with perfectionistic concerns showed that this dimension did not moderate the relationship between sleep and academic and sports performance improvement. This study supports the notion that high levels of perfectionistic strivings in young athletes may mitigate the adverse effects of poor sleep habits in young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Roy
- Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada
| | - Roxanne Godin
- Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada
| | - Pascale Gaudreault
- Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada
| | - Geneviève Forest
- Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada
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Pasquier F, Pla R, Bosquet L, Sauvet F, Nedelec M. The Impact of Multisession Sleep-Hygiene Strategies on Sleep Parameters in Elite Swimmers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1304-1312. [PMID: 37709276 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality are common in swimmers. Sleep-hygiene strategies demonstrated beneficial effects on several sleep parameters. The present study assessed the impact of a multisession sleep-hygiene training course on sleep in elite swimmers. METHODS Twenty-eight elite swimmers (17 [2] y) participated. The sleep-hygiene strategy consisted of 3 interventions. Sleep was measured by actigraphy for 7 days before the beginning of the intervention (baseline), after the first collective intervention (postintervention), after the second collective intervention (postintervention 2), and, finally, after the individual intervention (postintervention 3). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was completed concurrently. Swimmers were classified into 2 groups: nonsomnolent (baseline ESS score ≤ 10, n = 13) and somnolent (baseline ESS score ≥ 11, n = 15). RESULTS All swimmers had a total sleep time of <8 hours per night. Sixty percent of swimmers were moderately morning type. Later bedtime, less time in bed, and total sleep time were observed in the somnolent group compared with the nonsomnolent group at baseline. An interaction between training course and group factors was observed for bedtime, with a significant advance in bedtime between baseline, postintervention 2, and postintervention 3 for the somnolent group. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the importance of implementing sleep-hygiene strategies, particularly in athletes with an ESS score ≥11. A conjunction of individual and collective measures (eg, earlier bedtime, napping, and delaying morning training session) could favor the total sleep time achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florane Pasquier
- Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Robin Pla
- Fédération Française de Natation, Clichy, France
| | - Laurent Bosquet
- Laboratory MOVE-UR20296-University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- EA7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, Hotel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Nedelec
- Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
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Vidueira VF, Booth JN, Saunders DH, Sproule J, Turner AP. Circadian preference and physical and cognitive performance in adolescence: A scoping review. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1296-1331. [PMID: 37781788 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial period of development which coincides with changes in circadian rhythmicity. This may augment the impact of circadian preference on performance in this group. We aimed to scope the literature available on chronotypes and their effect on physical and mental aspects of performance in adolescents. Studies were identified by systematically searching bibliographical databases and grey literature. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was the most frequently reported tool for circadian preference assessment. Academic achievement was the most prevailing outcome, with evidence suggesting that morning type adolescents tend to outperform evening types, yet the results vary depending on multiple factors. Performance in tests of intelligence and executive functions was generally better at optimal times of the day (synchrony effect). Physical performance was examined in 8 studies, with very heterogeneous outcomes. Although the associations between circadian preference and performance in adolescents are evident in some areas, there are many factors that may be involved in the relationship and require further investigation. This review highlights the assessment of physical performance in relation to chronotypes, the multidimensional assessment of circadian preference, and the need for longitudinal studies as priorities for further research.Protocol: OSF Registration - Public registration, DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/UCA3Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Vidueira
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josie N Booth
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Education, Community and Society (IECS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David H Saunders
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Sproule
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anthony P Turner
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), Human Performance Science Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Ouergui I, Delleli S, Chtourou H, Selmi O, Bouassida A, Bouhlel E, Franchini E. Diurnal Variation of Specific Tests' Performance and Related Psychological Aspects in Young Judo Athletes. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:687-697. [PMID: 35499504 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2043547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the effects of time-of-day on judo athletes' performances and the associated psychological variables and perceived exertion following judo-specific tests. Methods: Twelve male judo athletes (age: 16 ± 1 years) performed in a randomized and counterbalanced order the special judo fitness test (SJFT), the judo physical fitness test (JPFT), the dynamic and isometric judogi chin-up tests in the morning (8:00 a.m), midday (12:00 p.m), and afternoon (5:00 p.m). Oral temperature and psychological variables [profile of mood state (POMS), Hooper questionnaire, total quality of recovery (TQR)] were assessed before and after the tests, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) were assessed only after the tests. Results: RPE score was higher in the morning compared to the afternoon after the JPFT (d = 0.38, p = .045). PACES after JPFT was higher in the morning compared to midday (d = 0.85, p < .001). The isometric and dynamic performances during chin-up tests were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (d = 0.38, p = .048 and 0.047, respectively). Also, oral temperature was higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (d = 0.41, p = .050) and the midday (p = .047) for dynamic test, while TQR, well-being indices, and POMS did not differ according to time-of-day (p > .05). Conclusions: These results suggest that dynamic and isometric judo chin-up tests are time-of-day dependent with higher performance recorded in the afternoon than in the morning. However, performances in the JPFT and SJFT were not time-of-day dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Université de Sfax
- Observatoire National du Sport, Tunisie
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10
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Cunha LA, Costa JA, Marques EA, Brito J, Lastella M, Figueiredo P. The Impact of Sleep Interventions on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:58. [PMID: 37462808 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is essential for maximal performance in the athletic population. Despite that, the sport context has many factors that can negatively influence athletes' sleep and subsequent recovery. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the most recent literature regarding sleep interventions aimed at improving sleep and subsequent performance in athletes. METHODS The present systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS approach. The search was conducted in May 2022 using the electronic database PubMed, SPORTDiscus via EBSCOhost, and Web of Science. Once extracted, studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) participants were athletes of individual or team sports; (2) implemented an intervention aimed at improving sleep; (3) measured at least one objective performance/recovery outcome; and (4) reported the relationship between sleep and performance. RESULTS The search returned 1584 records. Following the screening, a total of 25 studies met our inclusion criteria. All the included articles were intervention studies published between 2011 and 2021. The included studies implemented various sleep interventions, such as sleep hygiene, naps, sleep extension, light manipulation, cold water immersion, mindfulness, or a combination of two or more strategies. Sleep extension and naps were the most representative and most effective strategies to improve sleep and performance. Mindfulness and light manipulation demonstrated promising results, but more studies are needed to confirm these findings. Sleep hygiene, removing electronic devices at night, and cold water immersion had no effects on sleep and subsequent performance/recovery, but these results are based on a few studies only. CONCLUSION While acknowledging the limited amount of high-quality evidence reviewed, it appears that increasing sleep duration at night or through napping was the most effective interventions to improve physical and/or cognitive performance. Protocol Registration This protocol was registered in the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (INPLASY) on May 11, 2022, with the registration number INPLASY202250069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio A Cunha
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Júlio A Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Elisa A Marques
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Michele Lastella
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal.
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11
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Fullagar HHK, Vincent GE, McCullough M, Halson S, Fowler P. Sleep and Sport Performance. J Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 40:408-416. [PMID: 36930212 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Elite athletes and coaches believe sleep is the most important recovery strategy and widely consider it critical to optimal performance. Despite this perceived importance, there are numerous circumstances that can reduce sleep quantity and quality in athletic populations. Because of the effects of sleep loss on various physical, neurophysiological, and cognitive parameters, such perturbations can have consequences for performance and recovery outcomes. Although peer-reviewed literature examining the interaction between sleep, performance, and recovery in athletes is increasing, understanding of these issues remains equivocal. Perhaps most pertinently, the effect of sleep on sport performance does not align with a one-size-fits-all approach and rather depends on numerous factors such as type of sport, scheduling, time of the season, and the intraindividual requirements for sleep. The relationship between brain plasticity and memory, which in turn can influence learning processes and long-term memory consolidation, suggests that sleep may play an important role in learning new skills and tactics for both elite and developing athletes. The aim of this special issue review was to analyze the evidence of sleep loss on sport performance and recovery, with a specific focus on elite athletes. An assessment of these sleep-compromising situations that elite athletes may face during a typical season and practical considerations for alleviating these issues is also provided to further the understanding for medical professionals, scientists, and applied sporting practitioners alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh H K Fullagar
- Sport & Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grace E Vincent
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Shona Halson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia ; and
| | - Peter Fowler
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, Queensland, Australia
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Doherty R, Madigan S, Nevill A, Warrington G, Ellis JG. The Impact of Kiwifruit Consumption on the Sleep and Recovery of Elite Athletes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102274. [PMID: 37242157 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep and resultant under-recovery can negatively impact training adaptations, increase the risk of injury and reduce subsequent performance. Due to the 'food first' approach adopted by many athletes, there is scope for investigation of 'functional food' based interventions (i.e., kiwifruit contains melatonin which plays a role in circadian rhythm regulation) designed to promote athlete recovery and/or enhance sleep quality and quantity. METHODS Following the baseline assessment (Week 1) all subjects began the intervention (Weeks 2-5). During the 4-week intervention, participants were asked to consume 2 medium-sized green kiwifruit (Actinidia Deliciosa) an hour before bed. Participants completed a questionnaire battery at baseline and post-intervention, and a daily sleep dairy for the duration of the study. RESULTS The results demonstrated a positive impact of kiwifruit consumption on key aspects of sleep and recovery in elite athletes. From baseline to post-intervention, there were clinically significant improvements in sleep quality (i.e., improved PSQI global scores and sleep quality component scores) and improvements in recovery stress balance (reduced general stress and sports stress scales). Moreover, the intervention improved sleep as evidenced by significant increases in total sleep time and sleep efficiency % and significant reductions in number of awakenings and wake after sleep onset. CONCLUSION The findings broadly suggested that kiwifruit does impact positively on sleep and recovery in elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rónán Doherty
- Sports Lab North West, Atlantic Technological University Donegal, Letterkenny Campus, Port Road, F92 FC93 Letterkenny, Ireland
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE7 7XA, UK
| | - Sharon Madigan
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alan Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall Campus, Walsall WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Giles Warrington
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jason Gordon Ellis
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE7 7XA, UK
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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13
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Power CJ, Fox JL, Teramoto M, Scanlan AT. Sleep Patterns Fluctuate Following Training and Games across the Season in a Semi-Professional, Female Basketball Team. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020238. [PMID: 36831781 PMCID: PMC9954585 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying athlete sleep patterns may inform development of optimal training schedules and sleep strategies, considering the competitive challenges faced across the season. Therefore, this study comprehensively quantified the sleep patterns of a female basketball team and examined variations in sleep between nights. Seven semi-professional, female basketball players had their sleep monitored using wrist-worn activity monitors and perceptual ratings during a 13-week in-season. Sleep variables were compared between different nights (control nights, training nights, training nights before games, nights before games, non-congested game nights, and congested game nights), using generalized linear mixed models, as well as Cohen's d and odds ratios as effect sizes. Players experienced less sleep on training nights before games compared to control nights, training nights, nights before games, and congested game nights (p < 0.05, d = 0.43-0.69). Players also exhibited later sleep onset times on non-congested game nights compared to control nights (p = 0.01, d = 0.68), and earlier sleep offset times following training nights before games compared to all other nights (p < 0.01, d = 0.74-0.79). Moreover, the odds of players attaining better perceived sleep quality was 88% lower on congested game nights than on nights before games (p < 0.001). While players in this study attained an adequate sleep duration (7.3 ± 0.3 h) and efficiency (85 ± 2%) on average across the in-season, they were susceptible to poor sleep on training nights before games and following games. Although limited to a team-based case series design, these findings suggest basketball coaches may need to reconsider scheduling team-based, on-court training sessions on nights prior to games and consider implementing suitable psychological and recovery strategies around games to optimize player sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Power
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jordan L. Fox
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Rockhampton, QLD 4700, Australia
| | - Masaru Teramoto
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Aaron T. Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
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A Multiday Professional Padel Tournament Impairs Sleep, Mental Toughness, and Reaction Time: A World Padel Tour Field Study. Motor Control 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36791726 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2022-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess, for the first time, how self-reported sleep, mental toughness, and reaction time are impacted by a professional padel tournament. In addition, we evaluated whether sex, age, and/or ranking play a role in this possible effect of a tournament on these variables. Twenty-three professional players (15 men, Mage = 24 ± 6 years; eight women, Mage = 21 ± 5 years) were evaluated on two occasions: (a) baseline, in a noncompetitive week and (b) postmeasure, the morning after an individual was eliminated from the tournament. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Mental Toughness Questionnaire, and the psychomotor vigilance task were used to evaluate the dependent variables. Wilcoxon tests or paired samples t tests were employed to assess the effect of participating in the tournament. To test correlations between variables, Pearson correlation coefficients (quantitative variables) or chi-square distributions (qualitative variables) were employed. Results showed that self-reported sleep (p < .01), mental toughness (p = .01), and reaction time (p = .04) were significantly impaired by the tournament. Exploring moderating variables, results showed that mental toughness did not correlate with sleep impairments (p > .05). In contrast, a nearly significant correlation between sleep impairments and higher reaction times was found (p = .066). No significant effects of age, sex, and ranking were observed. In conclusion, participating in a padel competition impairs the self-reported sleep, mental toughness, and reaction time of professional padel players. A trend toward a significant correlation between the competition-related impairment in sleep and reaction time was observed, whereas age, ranking, and sex were not found to be moderators of any of these impairments.
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15
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Schlaf und Wettkämpfe bei jungen AthletInnen. SOMNOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-022-00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Schlaf spielt auch für SportlerInnen eine wichtige Rolle, vor allem vor Wettkämpfen.
Ziel der Arbeit
In einer Stichprobe von NachwuchsathletInnen soll erfasst werden, ob ein gestörter Schlaf vorliegt und welche Ursachen und Auswirkungen ein gestörter Schlaf vor Wettkämpfen aus subjektiver Sicht hat.
Material und Methode
Mittels eines Online-Fragebogens wurden 46 SchülerInnen eines Sportgymnasiums (Tenero, Schweiz) befragt.
Ergebnisse
Über zwei Drittel der jugendlichen Athletinnen berichten über einen schlechteren Schlaf vor wichtigen Wettkämpfen oder Spielen. 40 % dieser AthletInnen gaben an, dass der schlechte Schlaf vor dem Wettkampf/Spiel ihre Leistung beeinträchtigt hat.
Diskussion
Da aus subjektiver Sicht schlechter Schlaf die Wettkampfleistungen beeinträchtigen kann, ist es sinnvoll, dieses Thema intensiver zu beforschen (kontrollierte Studien) und Schlafinterventionen für diese Zielgruppe zu entwickeln.
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The Impact of Dietary Factors on the Sleep of Athletically Trained Populations: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163271. [PMID: 36014779 PMCID: PMC9414564 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many athletic populations report poor sleep, especially during intensive training and competition periods. Recently, diet has been shown to significantly affect sleep in general populations; however, little is known about the effect diet has on the sleep of athletically trained populations. With sleep critical for optimal recovery and sports performance, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence demonstrating that dietary factors influence the sleep of athletically trained populations. Four electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2022, with primary research articles included if they contained a dietary factor(s), an outcome measure of sleep or sleepiness, and participants could be identified as ‘athletically trained’. Thirty-five studies were included, with 21 studies assessed as positive quality, 13 as neutral, and one as negative. Sleep or sleepiness was measured objectively in 46% of studies (n = 16). The review showed that evening (≥5 p.m.) caffeine intakes >2 mg·kg−1 body mass decreased sleep duration and sleep efficiency, and increased sleep latency and wake after sleep onset. Evening consumption of high glycaemic index carbohydrates and protein high in tryptophan may reduce sleep latency. Although promising, more research is required before the impact of probiotics, cherry juice, and beetroot juice on the sleep of athletes can be resolved. Athletic populations experiencing sleep difficulties should be screened for caffeine use and trial dietary strategies (e.g., evening consumption of high GI carbohydrates) to improve sleep.
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17
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Coel RA, Pujalte GGA, Applewhite AI, Zaslow T, Cooper G, Ton AN, Benjamin HJ. Sleep and the Young Athlete. Sports Health 2022:19417381221108732. [PMID: 35855519 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221108732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Sleep plays a vital role in cognitive and physical performance. Teenage athletes (ages 13-19 years) are considered especially at risk for disordered sleep and associated negative cognitive, physical, and psychosomatic effects. However, there is a paucity of evidence-based recommendations to promote sleep quality and quantity in athletes who fall within this age range. We performed a review of the literature to reveal evidence-based findings and recommendations to help sports instructors, athletic trainers, physical therapists, physicians, and other team members caring for young athletes provide guidance on sleep optimization for peak sports performance and injury risk reduction. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched on May 11, 2016, and then again on September 1, 2020, for relevant articles published to date. STUDY DESIGN Narrative review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. RESULTS Few studies exist on the effects disordered sleep may have on teenage athletes. By optimizing sleep patterns in young athletes during training and competitions, physical and mental performance, and overall well-being, may be optimized. Adequate sleep has been shown to improve the performance of athletes, although further studies are needed. CONCLUSION Twenty-five percent of total sleep time should be deep sleep, with a recommended sleep time of 8 to 9 hours for most young athletes. Screen and television use during athletes' bedtime should be minimized to improve sleep quality and quantity. For young athletes who travel, jet lag can be minimized by allowing 1 day per time zone crossed for adjustment, limiting caffeine intake, planning meals and onboard sleeping to coincide with destination schedules, timing arrivals in the morning whenever possible, and using noise-canceling headphones and eyeshades. STRENGTH-OF-RECOMMENDATION TAXONOMY (SORT) B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Coel
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - George G A Pujalte
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Tracy Zaslow
- Children's Orthopedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - George Cooper
- Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Angie N Ton
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Holly J Benjamin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Saddoud A, Rekik G, Belkhir Y, Kammoun N, Hidouri S, Chlif M, Jarraya M. One night of total sleep deprivation impairs decision-making skills, anaerobic performances, mood states, and perceptual responses in elite Kung-Fu athletes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2090673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Saddoud
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé (EM2S, LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ghazi Rekik
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé (EM2S, LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yosra Belkhir
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé (EM2S, LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Physical Education, Al-Udhailiyah Primary School for Girls, Al-Farwaniyah, Kuwait
| | - Noureddine Kammoun
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Hidouri
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Chlif
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Sports Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (NCMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- EA 3300 “APS and Motor Patterns: Adaptations-Rehabilitation”, Picardie Jules Verne University, Amiens, France
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé (EM2S, LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Charest J, Grandner MA. Sleep and Athletic Performance: Impacts on Physical Performance, Mental Performance, Injury Risk and Recovery, and Mental Health: An Update. Sleep Med Clin 2022; 17:263-282. [PMID: 35659079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep health is an important consideration for athletic performance. Athletes are at high risk of insufficient sleep duration, poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and fatigue, suboptimal sleep schedules, irregular sleep schedules, and sleep and circadian disorders. These issues likely have an impact on athletic performance via several domains. Sleep loss and/or poor sleep quality can impair muscular strength, speed, and other aspects of physical performance. Sleep issues can also increase risk of concussions and other injuries and impair recovery after injury. Cognitive performance is also impacted in several domains, including vigilance, learning and memory, decision making, and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Charest
- Department of Psychology, Universite Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Sleep and Human Performance, #106, 51 Sunpark Drive Southeast, Calgary, Alberta T2X 3V4, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245002, Tucson, AZ 8524-5002, USA.
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Acute Sleep Deprivation Impairs Motor Inhibition in Table Tennis Athletes: An ERP Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060746. [PMID: 35741631 PMCID: PMC9221109 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Excellent response inhibition is the basis for outstanding competitive athletic performance, and sleep may be an important factor affecting athletes’ response inhibition. This study investigates the effect of sleep deprivation on athletes’ response inhibition, and its differentiating effect on non-athlete controls’ performance, with the aim of helping athletes effectively improve their response inhibition ability through sleep pattern manipulation. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were collected from 36 participants (16 table tennis athletes and 20 general college students) after 36 h of sleep deprivation using ERP techniques and a stop-signal task. Sleep deprivation’s different effects on response inhibition in the two groups were explored through repeated-measures ANOVA. Behavioral data showed that in a baseline state, stop-signal response time was significantly faster in table tennis athletes than in non-athlete controls, and appeared significantly longer after sleep deprivation in both groups. ERP results showed that at baseline state, N2, ERN, and P3 amplitudes were lower in table tennis athletes than in non-athlete controls, and corresponding significant decreases were observed in non-athlete controls after 36 h of sleep deprivation. Table tennis athletes showed a decrease in P3 amplitude and no significant difference in N2 and ERN amplitudes, after 36 h of sleep deprivation compared to the baseline state. Compared to non-athlete controls, table tennis athletes had better response inhibition, and the adverse effects of sleep deprivation on response inhibition occurred mainly in the later top-down motor inhibition process rather than in earlier automated conflict detection and monitoring.
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21
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Abbott W, Brett A, Watson AW, Brooker H, Clifford T. Sleep Restriction in Elite Soccer Players: Effects on Explosive Power, Wellbeing, and Cognitive Function. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:325-332. [PMID: 33084524 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1834071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the cognitive, physical, and perceptual effects of sleep restriction (SR) in soccer players following a night match. Methods: In a crossover design, nine male soccer players from the English Premier League 2 (age, 21 ± 5 years; height, 1.80 ± 0.75 m; body mass, 74.2 ± 6.8 kg) recorded their sleep quality and quantity with sleep logs and a subjective survey after two night matches (19:00); one where sleep duration was not altered (CON) and one where sleep was restricted by a later bed-time (SR). Countermovement jump height (CMJ), subjective wellbeing (1-5 likert scale for mood, stress, fatigue, sleep, and soreness), and cognitive function were measured at baseline and the morning following the match (+12 h; M + 1). Results: Bed-time was later in SR than CON (02:36 ± 0.17 vs. 22:43 ± 29; P = .0001; ηp2 = 0.999) and sleep duration was shorter in SR than CON (5.37 ± 0.16 vs. 8.59 h ± 0.36; P = .0001; ηp2 = 0.926). CMJ decreased by ~8% after the match in both SR and CON (P = .0001; ηp2 = 0.915) but there were no differences between the conditions (P > .05; ηp2 = 0.041-0.139). Wellbeing was rated worse after both matches (P = .0001; ηp2 = 0.949) but there were no differences between the trials (P > .05; ηp2 = 0.172-257). SR did not influence cognitive function (P > .05; interaction effects, ηp2 = 0.172-257). Conclusion: SR following a nighttime soccer match does not impair CMJ performance, subjective wellbeing, or cognitive function the following morning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Brett
- Brighton and Hove Albion F.C
| | | | - H Brooker
- University of Exeter Medical School
- Ecog Pro Ltd
| | - T Clifford
- Newcastle University
- Loughborough University
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22
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Sleep Duration Correlates With Performance in Ultra-Endurance Triathlon. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 17:226-233. [PMID: 34627130 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality, and race completion time during each stage of a 3-day ultra-endurance triathlon (stage 1: 10-km swim, 146-km cycle; stage 2: 276-km cycle; and stage 3: 84.4-km run) was investigated. Seventeen triathletes partook in sleep analysis throughout the ultra-endurance multiday triathlon using an actigraphy wristband. The participants wore the band to record objective sleep outcomes for approximately 4 days (1-2 d prerace, 3 race days, and 1 d postrace), except while racing. The total sleep time (TST; prerace: 414.1 [95.3] min, prestage 1: 392.2 [138.3] min, prestage 2: 355.6 [62.5] min, and prestage 3: 299.7 [107.0] min) significantly decreased over time (P < .05). Significant Pearson moment-product correlations were found between TST and subsequent race-day performance for race stage 1 (r = -.577; P = .019) and stage 3 (r = -.546; P = .035), with further analysis revealing that TST explained 33% and 30% of the variation in performance for stages 1 and 3, respectively. During a 3-day ultra-endurance triathlon, the TST was reduced and had a significant negative correlation to exercise performance, indicating that sleep loss was associated with slower performances. Sleep onset latency, wake episodes, and sleep efficiency did not significantly change over the course of this investigation, which may stem from the close proximity of exercise to sleep.
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Cherif M, Said MA, Ben Chaifa M, Kotb AAH. Position-dependent morning-to-evening variability in physical performances in elite male handball players. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1967574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moncef Cherif
- Didactics of PAS Department , Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Said
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
- Biological Sciences Applied to PAS, University of Jandouba, Tunisia
| | - Mounira Ben Chaifa
- Didactics of PAS Department , Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Abdel Hamed Kotb
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Essid S, Cherif M, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Time-of-day effects in physical performances and psychological responses in young elite male handball players. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1922212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Essid
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Cherif
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
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25
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Doherty R, Madigan SM, Nevill A, Warrington G, Ellis JG. The Sleep and Recovery Practices of Athletes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041330. [PMID: 33920560 PMCID: PMC8072992 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes maintain a balance between stress and recovery and adopt recovery modalities that manage fatigue and enhance recovery and performance. Optimal TST is subject to individual variance. However, 7-9 h sleep is recommended for adults, while elite athletes may require more quality sleep than non-athletes. METHODS A total of 338 (elite n = 115, 74 males and 41 females, aged 23.44 ± 4.91 years; and sub-elite n = 223, 129 males and 94 females aged 25.71 ± 6.27) athletes were recruited from a variety of team and individual sports to complete a battery of previously validated and reliable widely used questionnaires assessing sleep, recovery and nutritional practices. RESULTS Poor sleep was reported by both the elite and sub-elite athlete groups (i.e., global PSQI score ≥5-elite 64% [n = 74]; sub-elite 65% [n = 146]) and there was a significant difference in sport-specific recovery practices (3.22 ± 0.90 vs. 2.91 ± 0.90; p < 0.001). Relatively high levels of fatigue (2.52 ± 1.32), stress (1.7 ± 1.31) and pain (50%, n = 169) were reported in both groups. A range of supplements were used regularly by athletes in both groups; indeed, whey (elite n = 22 and sub-elite n = 48) was the most commonly used recovery supplement in both groups. Higher alcohol consumption was observed in the sub-elite athletes (12%, n = 26) and they tended to consume more units of alcohol per drinking bout. CONCLUSION There is a need for athletes to receive individualised support and education regarding their sleep and recovery practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rónán Doherty
- Sports Lab North West, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Port Road, Letterkenny, F92 FC93 Donegal, Ireland
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland;
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE7 7XA, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sharon M. Madigan
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, D15 PNON Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Alan Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall Campus, Walsall WV1 1LY, UK;
| | - Giles Warrington
- Health Research Institute, Schuman Building, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jason G. Ellis
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE7 7XA, UK;
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Holding BC, Ingre M, Petrovic P, Sundelin T, Axelsson J. Quantifying Cognitive Impairment After Sleep Deprivation at Different Times of Day: A Proof of Concept Using Ultra-Short Smartphone-Based Tests. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:666146. [PMID: 33927603 PMCID: PMC8076531 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.666146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functioning is known to be impaired following sleep deprivation and to fluctuate depending on the time of day. However, most methods of assessing cognitive performance remain impractical for environments outside of the lab. This study investigated whether 2-min smartphone-based versions of commonly used cognitive tests could be used to assess the effects of sleep deprivation and time of day on diverse cognitive functions. After three nights of normal sleep, participants (N = 182) were randomised to either one night of sleep deprivation or a fourth night of normal sleep. Using the Karolinska WakeApp (KWA), participants completed a battery of 2-min cognitive tests, including measures of attention, arithmetic ability, episodic memory, working memory, and a Stroop test for cognitive conflict and behavioural adjustment. A baseline measurement was completed at 22:30 h, followed by three measurements the following day at approximately 08:00 h, 12:30 h, and 16:30 h. Sleep deprivation led to performance impairments in attention, arithmetic ability, episodic memory, and working memory. No effect of sleep deprivation was observed in the Stroop test. There were variations in attention and arithmetic test performance across different times of day. The effect of sleep deprivation on all cognitive tests was also found to vary at different times of day. In conclusion, this study shows that the KWA's 2-min cognitive tests can be used to detect cognitive impairments following sleep deprivation, and fluctuations in cognitive performance relating to time of day. The results demonstrate the potential of using brief smartphone-based tasks to measure a variety of cognitive abilities within sleep and fatigue research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Holding
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ingre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Sundelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Paryab N, Taheri M, H'Mida C, Irandoust K, Mirmoezzi M, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Chtourou H. Melatonin supplementation improves psychomotor and physical performance in collegiate student-athletes following a sleep deprivation night. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:753-761. [PMID: 33845710 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1889578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies report sleep deprivation negatively impacts post-cognitive and physical performance, and other functions. Recent findings indicate ingestion of melatonin prior to exercise enhances tolerance to training and improves competition. We investigated the effects of melatonin supplementation on psychomotor performance and selected physical fitness measures of collegiate student-athletes following 4 h and 24 h of sleep deprivation. The study employed a repeated-measures, double-blind, randomized controlled protocol with posttest control group design with six conditions [3 sleep conditions (without sleep deprivation, 4 h sleep deprivation (4SD) and 24 h sleep deprivation (24SD)) × 2 supplementation conditions (melatonin and placebo)]. Ten trained male collegiate student-athletes (mean ± SD; age: 20 ± 2 y) attended the laboratory on six occasions with 72 h between successive visits. Placebo or 6 mg of melatonin were administered orally in capsules 30 min before the tests of: static and dynamic balance, reaction time, and anaerobic power. Also, blood lactate was measured before and 3 min after the anaerobic power exercise. During the placebo session, the results indicated that 4SD and 24SD had negative effect on the measured parameters, with higher impacts of the 24SD condition. Compared to placebo and during both 4SD and 24SD conditions, melatonin had a positive effect on static and dynamic balance, anaerobic power, blood lactic acid, and reaction time (p < .05). However, 6 mg melatonin ingestion had no significant effect on all dependent variables in collegiate student-athletes after the night without a sleep deprivation (p > .05). In conclusion, 6 mg of melatonin may be used by student-athletes to improve balance and psychomotor and physical performances after 4 h or 24 h of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Paryab
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Morteza Taheri
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Cyrine H'Mida
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Khadijah Irandoust
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirmoezzi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.,Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
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28
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Vincent GE, Onay Z, Scanlan AT, Elsworthy N, Pitchford NW, Lastella M. The Impact of Self-Reported Sleep Quantity on Perceived Decision-Making in Sports Officials During a Competitive Season. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:156-169. [PMID: 32097098 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1722309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: While sleep research in athletes is extensive, no research has investigated sleep in sports officials during a competitive season. This study explored the (a) self-reported quantity and quality of sleep obtained by sports officials according to the time of competition (day or evening) and (b) impact of reduced sleep on perceived decision-making ability. Design: Sports officials (n = 371) from various sporting codes completed an online questionnaire that evaluated self-reported sleep quantity and quality on habitual nights, before competition, and after competition, as well as perceived decision-making constructs. Results: With sleep restriction defined as less than 7 h of sleep, mixed-effects logistic regression revealed that the estimated probability of reporting reduced sleep quantity increased (p< .05) on habitual nights (0.58), before competition (0.48), and after competition (0.56). The estimated probability of reporting poor sleep quality was 0.01-0.04 across all nights. When considering time of competition (day or evening), reduced sleep quantity was experienced after evening competition (odds ratio [OR] = 3.33, p < .05), while poorer sleep quality (p< .05) was experienced following day (OR = 2.1) and evening (OR = 12.46) competition compared to habitual nights. Furthermore, the impact of reduced sleep on perceived decision-making constructs was negative, with the estimated probability of reporting impaired perceived decision-making between 0.13 and 0.21. Conclusion: Overall, sports officials are vulnerable to reduced quantity and quality of sleep before and after competition, with impaired perceived decision-making ability following nights of less than average sleep.
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Souissi W, Hammouda O, Ayachi M, Ammar A, Khcharem A, de Marco G, Souissi M, Driss T. Partial sleep deprivation affects endurance performance and psychophysiological responses during 12-minute self-paced running exercise. Physiol Behav 2020; 227:113165. [PMID: 32891607 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on physical performance and psychophysiological responses during 12-minute self-paced running exercise. METHODS Twenty runners (20.8±1.1 years, 70.6±4.9 kg, 175.1±3.9 cm) performed, in a randomized order, two running self-paced field exercises after a normal sleep night (CONT, bedtime from 22:30 h to 06:30 h) and one night of PSD (bedtime from 00:30 h to 04:30 h). Core temperature and motivation were recorded before exercise. Speed, covered distance, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and respiratory parameters (i.e., minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2)) were assessed during exercise. Blood lactate concentration [La] was assessed 2 min after exercise. Simple reaction time (SRT), mood and barrage test (BT) were assessed before and after exercise. RESULTS Higher RPE (p=0.01, d=0.90) and lower physical performance (i.e., p=0.001, d=0.59 for running speed and p=0.01, d=0.7 and Δ (%)=-6% for covered distance), following PSD, were obtained compared to CONT. Similarly, PSD attenuated core temperature (p=0.01, d=0.84), HR (p=0.006, ɳp2=0.45), VE (p=0.001, ɳp2=0.73), VO2 (p=0.001, ɳp2=0.96), BT (p<0.0005, ɳp2=0.86), SRT (p=0.0009, ɳp2=0.44) and mood (p<0.0005). However, VCO2, [La] and motivation score were not affected by sleep conditions. CONCLUSION The decrease of running performance and the increase of physical discomfort after PSD could be the origin of the lower cardio-respiratory responses to the 12-minute self-paced exercise. Effective strategies should be introduced to overcome the deterioration of physical performance and physiological responses after PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajdi Souissi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical activity, Health and learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical activity, Health and learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France; Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ayachi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical activity, Health and learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Amir Khcharem
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Giovanni de Marco
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical activity, Health and learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Mohamed Souissi
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical activity, Health and learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France.
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30
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Moen F, Olsen M, Hrozanova M. Associations Between Sleep Patterns and Performance Development Among Norwegian Chess Players. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1855. [PMID: 32849090 PMCID: PMC7401575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An inherent part of elite-level chess are high emotional and cognitive stress loads related to performance development. Sleep is a crucial recovery strategy, previously implicated in athletic performance. The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the associations between performance development and objectively measured sleep in a sample of 14 Norwegian chess players over a period of 120 consecutive days. Seven of the chess players in the current sample had negative development in their International Chess Federation (FIDE) ranking score in the period of sleep monitoring, while 7 had positive development. The sleep patterns of the chess players with positive performance development were different from the players with negative development - with higher amounts of deep sleep, less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and lower respiration rate in the positive performance development group compared to the negative performance development group. The findings are discussed in terms of existing knowledge on the importance of sleep stage distribution and sleep durations for athlete functioning, and in light of applied implications and possible future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Moen
- Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maja Olsen
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Hrozanova
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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A Thirty-Five-Minute Nap Improves Performance and Attention in the 5-m Shuttle Run Test during and Outside Ramadan Observance. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8070098. [PMID: 32664557 PMCID: PMC7404546 DOI: 10.3390/sports8070098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramadan observance is characterized by several changes in behaviors, such as food and sleep, which could affect physical and cognitive performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 35-min nap (N35) opportunity on physical performance during the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT); attention; feelings; mood states; and perceptual measures of stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness during Ramadan observance. Fourteen physically active men (22 ± 3 years, 177 ± 4 cm, 76 ± 5 kg) were tested after a no-nap condition (N0), N35 15 days before Ramadan (BR), the last 10 days of Ramadan (DR), and 20 days after Ramadan (AR). Measures included the digit cancellation test (attention estimation), the profile of mood state (POMS), and the Hooper questionnaires. After a 5-min standard warm-up, participants performed the 5mSRT (6 × 30 s with 35 s in between; best distance (BD), total distance (TD), and fatigue index (FI) were recorded), along with the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after each test repetition. After the 5mSRT test, participants responded to the feeling scale (FS). The results showed that TD and FI during the 5mSRT were not affected by Ramadan observance. However, BD was significantly lower than DR compared to AR after N0 (∆ = -4.3 ± 1.3%; p < 0.01) and N35 (∆ = -2.6 ± 1.0%; p < 0.05). After N0, attention decreased significantly at DR in comparison with BR (p < 0.05) and AR (p < 0.001). BD and TD improved after N35 compared to N0 at BR (∆ = +4.4 ± 2.1%, p < 0.05 for BD and ∆ = +4.8 ± 1.6%, p < 0.01 for TD), DR (∆ = +7.1 ± 2.2%, p < 0.05 for BD and ∆ = +5.1 ± 1.6%, p < 0.01 for TD), and AR (∆ = +5.5 ± 1.5%, p < 0.01 for BD and ∆ = +5.2 ± 1.2%, p < 0.001 for TD). A significant increase in attention was observed after N35 in comparison with N0 at DR (p < 0.01) and AR (p < 0.01). However, no changes were found for the perception of mood states, stress, sleep, muscle soreness, and the FI during the 5mSRT. Also, N35 was better than N0 for RPE at DR (p < 0.05), feelings at AR (p < 0.05), and fatigue estimation at AR (p < 0.01). A 35-min nap opportunity may have beneficial effects on physical and cognitive performances before, during, and after Ramadan.
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Baati H, Chtourou H, Moalla W, Jarraya M, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Effect of Angle of View and Partial Sleep Deprivation on Distance Perception. Front Psychol 2020; 11:201. [PMID: 32218750 PMCID: PMC7078342 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intensive effort on egocentric distance perception according to different angles of view after sleep deprivation at the beginning (SDB) or at the end (SDE) of the night and after a normal sleep night (NNS). Ten male students soccer players (age 22.8 ± 1.3 years; body mass 72.0 ± 10.4 kg; body height 180.0 ± 3.0 cm) performed a repeated cycling (RS) exercise (10 × 6 s maximal cycling with 24 s in between) after SDB, SDE, and NNS. They were asked to estimate three distances (i.e. 15, 25, and 35 m) before and after RS from different angles of view [i.e. in front (0°) and in side (45° left and 45° right)]. For 35 m, distance estimation was better during NNS compared to SDB and SDE for the front and the two side angles either before or after RS (p < 0.05). Concerning 25 m, distance estimation was better after compared to before RS for the front angle during the NNS session (p < 0.05). For 15 m, distance estimation was better during NNS than SDB and SDE for the front and both side angles after RS (p < 0.05). We concluded that partial sleep deprivation negatively affected the estimation of the egocentric distance for the three angles of view either at rest or after RS exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Baati
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Moalla
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Aloulou A, Duforez F, Bieuzen F, Nedelec M. The effect of night-time exercise on sleep architecture among well-trained male endurance runners. J Sleep Res 2019; 29:e12964. [PMID: 31821667 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of night-time (21:00 hours) high-intensity, intermittent exercise on sleep architecture among well-trained athletes in a laboratory setting. In a randomized, counterbalanced order, 11 well-trained male runners completed a simulated trail-running exercise (TRAIL) on a motorized treadmill and a resting condition (REST; no exercise during the day). After each condition, nocturnal autonomic nervous system activity and core body temperature (CBT) were measured and sleep was analysed using polysomnography and actigraphy. Markers of muscle damage (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC], plasma creatine kinase concentration [CK] and perceived muscle soreness) were recorded before and immediately (POST), 24 hr (H24) and 48 hr (H48) after exercise. TRAIL induced a high level of fatigue and mild exercise-induced muscle damage, as determined by a reduction in MVC (-9.4%, p < .01, d = -1.36) and increases in [CK] (+176.0%, p < .01, d = 1.49) and perceived muscle soreness (+4.5 UA, p < .01, d = 2.17) compared with REST at H24. A trend for increased non-rapid eye movement (+4.2%; p = .10; d = 0.86) and reduced rapid eye movement (-4.4%; p = .07; d = -0.87) during sleep was observed for TRAIL compared with the REST condition. Moreover, compared with REST, TRAIL significantly increased CBT and nocturnal HR during the first part of the night. In conclusion, sleep architecture was modified after night-time, high-intensity exercise among well-trained runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Aloulou
- Research Unit, Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Francois Duforez
- Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | | | - Mathieu Nedelec
- Research Unit, Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
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Hsouna H, Boukhris O, Abdessalem R, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Shephard RJ, Chtourou H. Effect of different nap opportunity durations on short-term maximal performance, attention, feelings, muscle soreness, fatigue, stress and sleep. Physiol Behav 2019; 211:112673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Akazawa N, Kobayashi N, Nakamura Y, Kumagai H, Choi Y, Maeda S. Effect of sleep efficiency on salivary metabolite profile and cognitive function during exercise in volleyball athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2215-2223. [PMID: 31407087 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep duration is known to affect physiological and circadian metabolites and human homeostasis. However, little is known about the relationship between sleep quality and metabolite and cognitive function during exercise. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of sleep quality on metabolite level and cognitive function in female volleyball athletes. METHODS Twelve female volleyball athletes participated in this study. Sleep efficiency was measured for 1 week using NemuriSCAN (Paramount Bed Co. Ltd., Japan) as an index of sleep quality. The subjects were divided into better (n = 6) and lesser (n = 6) sleep quality groups by the median value of sleep efficiency. Saliva samples were collected using a Salimetric oral swab cotton and salivary metabolites were analysed using capillary electrophoresis and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The subjects performed Stroop tasks (simple and difficult tasks) at rest and during aerobic exercise in recumbent cycle ergometer at light and heavy intensity. RESULTS Increased sleep efficiency was found in the better sleep quality group, whereas total sleep time was similar. There were differences in urea cycle and Krebs cycle metabolites between the two groups; their levels were correlated with sleep efficiency. The difficult-task response time during heavy exercise was faster in the better sleep quality group. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that sleep efficiency was associated with urea cycle and Krebs cycle metabolite levels and response time during heavy exercise in volleyball athletes. These results suggested that sleep quality may affect amino acid and energy metabolism and cognitive function during heavy exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Akazawa
- Department of Sport Sciences, Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Naoko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraga-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Koji-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youngju Choi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
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Trabelsi K, Bragazzi N, Zlitni S, Khacharem A, Boukhris O, El-Abed K, Ammar A, Khanfir S, Shephard RJ, Hakim A, Moalla W, Chtourou H. Observing Ramadan and sleep-wake patterns in athletes: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:674-680. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of observing Ramadan on athletes’ sleep patterns.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe entire content of PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSingle-group, prepost and cross-over design studies conducted in athletes aged ≥18 years, training at least twice a week and published in English before 12 July 2018 were included. Studies assessing sleep quantity, quality, daytime sleepiness and/or daily naps based on objective or subjective methods were deemed eligible.Study appraisalThe methodological quality was assessed using ‘QualSyst’.ResultsOf 13 selected articles, 7 were of strong quality, 3 were moderate and 3 were weak. 11 studies evaluated total sleep time (TST); this decreased during Ramadan in 4 studies, increased in 1 and remained unchanged in 6. Pooled TST findings indicated a moderate effect size (− 0.97, SE=0.37, 95% CI −1.69 to −0.25, t=−2.64, p=0.01) with significant heterogeneity but no publication bias. Meta-regressions showed no effects of study year, age, sample size, type of sport or competition level, but there were effects of country (with France and Tunisia being the most affected countries and Turkey the least affected, Q=32.14, p<0.0001) and study design (Q=7.74, p=0.02). Four studies measured self-reported sleep quality and it decreased in three studies. One study of sleep architecture reported more frequent waking and more light sleep during Ramadan. Daily nap duration was increased in two studies, but daytime sleepiness remained unchanged in four studies.ConclusionWhen athletes continue to train at least two times/week while observing Ramadan, TST is decreased compared with athletes’ baseline levels.
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Fullagar HH, Sampson JA, Delaney J, McKay B, Murray A. The relationship between objective measures of sleep and training load across different phases of the season in American collegiate football players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1618491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh H.K Fullagar
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John A. Sampson
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jace Delaney
- Athletics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Ben McKay
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Rym B, Hamdi C, Haithem R, Sonia S. Diurnal variations of postural stability and attentional capacities in 5–6-year-old tennis players. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:517-529. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1564321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baccouch Rym
- Research Unit: Education, Motricity, Sports and Health, (EM2S, UR15JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Chtourou Hamdi
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’éducation physique de Sfax, Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisie
- Activité Physique: Sport et Santé, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Rebai Haithem
- Research Unit: Education, Motricity, Sports and Health, (EM2S, UR15JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahli Sonia
- Research Unit: Education, Motricity, Sports and Health, (EM2S, UR15JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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Jones MJ, Dawson B, Gucciardi DF, Eastwood PR, Miller J, Halson SL, Dunican IC, Peeling P. Evening electronic device use and sleep patterns in athletes. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:864-870. [PMID: 30326782 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1531499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate pre-sleep behaviours (including evening electronic device use) and sleep quantity in well-trained athletes. Seventy well-trained athletes (44 females, 26 males) aged 21 ± 4 y from a range of team and individual sports were asked to complete an online sleep diary for 7 days. The sleep diary included questions about pre-sleep behaviours (e.g. napping, caffeine intake), electronic device use in the 2 h prior to bedtime (e.g. type of device and duration of use) and sleep (e.g. time in bed, sleep onset latency). On average, athletes spent 8:20 ± 1:21 h in bed each night. Associations between age, time in bed and sleepiness suggested that younger athletes spent more time in bed (B = -0.05, p = 0.001) but felt sleepier (r = -0.32, p < 0.01) than older athletes. On average, athletes mostly used electronic devices for 0-30 min prior to sleep. The use of multiple devices in the evening was associated with more perceived difficulty in falling asleep (B = 0.22, p = 0.03), but no associations existed with other sleep variables. In summary, younger athletes may require later start times or improved sleep quality to resolve excessive sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison J Jones
- a School of Human Sciences (Sport Science, Exercise and Health) , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.,b Western Australian Institute of Sport , High Performance Service Centre , Perth , Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- a School of Human Sciences (Sport Science, Exercise and Health) , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- c School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- d Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Joanna Miller
- e Department of Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra , Australia
| | - Shona L Halson
- e Department of Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra , Australia
| | - Ian C Dunican
- d Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- a School of Human Sciences (Sport Science, Exercise and Health) , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.,b Western Australian Institute of Sport , High Performance Service Centre , Perth , Australia
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40
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Jones MJ, Dunican IC, Murray K, Peeling P, Dawson B, Halson S, Miller J, Eastwood PR. The psychomotor vigilance test: a comparison of different test durations in elite athletes. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2033-2037. [PMID: 29384434 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1433443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT-10) is regarded as the gold-standard for assessing vigilant attention following sleep loss; however, other studies have investigated whether shorter versions of the test elicit similar results to the PVT-10. The present study compared the PVT-10 with 3-min (PVT-3) and 5-min (PVT-5) versions of the test in elite female basketball players. Athletes performed all three tests in the morning and evening for seven consecutive days. Response speed (mean reciprocal reaction time; mean 1/RT), number of errors and number of lapses were determined for each test and time point. The PVT-3 elicited significantly faster response speeds than the other two tests (p < 0.01), while the PVT-5 and PVT-10 were not different. The PVT-10 resulted in more lapses than the PVT-5, followed by the PVT-3, with all tests being significantly different to each other (p < 0.01). In conclusion, while the PVT-5 and PVT-10 were generally similar for response speed, the PVT-3 did not produce results comparable with the PVT-10 for response speed, lapses or errors, and should therefore not be used interchangeably. Further research is required to determine whether the shorter tests are a suitable replacement for the PVT-10 in professional basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison J Jones
- a Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.,b High Performance Service Centre , Western Australian Institute of Sport , Mt Claremonth , Australia
| | - Ian C Dunican
- c Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- d School of Population Health , The University of Western Australia , Nedlands , Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- a Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.,b High Performance Service Centre , Western Australian Institute of Sport , Mt Claremonth , Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- a Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Shona Halson
- e Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport. Leverrier Street , Bruce , Australia
| | - Joanna Miller
- e Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport. Leverrier Street , Bruce , Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- c Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
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Hammouda O, Romdhani M, Chaabouni Y, Mahdouani K, Driss T, Souissi N. Diurnal napping after partial sleep deprivation affected hematological and biochemical responses during repeated sprint. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1429553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hammouda
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherches sur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Univ Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
- Research Unit: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- National Observatory of Sport, ONS, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Chaabouni
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Ibn Jazzar, Kairouan, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVEP) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kacem Mahdouani
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Ibn Jazzar, Kairouan, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVEP) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherches sur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Univ Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- National Observatory of Sport, ONS, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
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Carriço S, Skorski S, Duffield R, Mendes B, Calvete F, Meyer T. Post-match sleeping behavior based on match scheduling over a season in elite football players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1403036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Skorski
- Institute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Rob Duffield
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Benfica LAB, Sport Lisboa e Benfica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Tim Meyer
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Lowe CJ, Safati A, Hall PA. The neurocognitive consequences of sleep restriction: A meta-analytic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:586-604. [PMID: 28757454 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The current meta-analytic review evaluated the effects of experimentally manipulated sleep restriction on neurocognitive functioning. Random-effects models were employed to estimate the overall effect size and the differential effect size across cognitive domains. Age, time of day, age-adjusted sleep deficit, cumulative days of restricted sleep, sleep latency, subjective sleepiness, and biological sex were examined as potential moderators of the effect. Based on a sample of 61 studies, from 71 different populations, findings revealed a significant negative effect of sleep restriction on cognitive processing across cognitive domains (g=-0.383, p<0.001). This effect held for executive functioning (g=-0.324, p<0.001), sustained attention (g=-0.409, p<0.001), and long-term memory (g=-0.192, p=0.002). There was insufficient evidence to detect an effect within the domains of attention, multitask, impulsive decision-making or intelligence. Age group, time of day, cumulative days of restricted sleep, sleep latency, subjective sleepiness, and biological sex were all significant moderators of the overall effect. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis is the first comprehensive review to provide evidence that short-term sleep restriction significantly impairs waking neurocognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J Lowe
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Adrian Safati
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Peter A Hall
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Jones MJ, Peeling P, Dawson B, Halson S, Miller J, Dunican I, Clarke M, Goodman C, Eastwood P. Evening electronic device use: The effects on alertness, sleep and next-day physical performance in athletes. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:162-170. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1287936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maddison J. Jones
- Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Shona Halson
- Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Joanna Miller
- Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Ian Dunican
- Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Clarke
- Centre for Metabolomics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Carmel Goodman
- Department of Physiology, Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Fullagar HHK, Skorski S, Duffield R, Julian R, Bartlett J, Meyer T. Impaired sleep and recovery after night matches in elite football players. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:1333-9. [PMID: 26750446 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1135249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Fullagar HHK, Skorski S, Duffield R, Hammes D, Coutts AJ, Meyer T. Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Med 2015; 45:161-86. [PMID: 25315456 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although its true function remains unclear, sleep is considered critical to human physiological and cognitive function. Equally, since sleep loss is a common occurrence prior to competition in athletes, this could significantly impact upon their athletic performance. Much of the previous research has reported that exercise performance is negatively affected following sleep loss; however, conflicting findings mean that the extent, influence, and mechanisms of sleep loss affecting exercise performance remain uncertain. For instance, research indicates some maximal physical efforts and gross motor performances can be maintained. In comparison, the few published studies investigating the effect of sleep loss on performance in athletes report a reduction in sport-specific performance. The effects of sleep loss on physiological responses to exercise also remain equivocal; however, it appears a reduction in sleep quality and quantity could result in an autonomic nervous system imbalance, simulating symptoms of the overtraining syndrome. Additionally, increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines following sleep loss could promote immune system dysfunction. Of further concern, numerous studies investigating the effects of sleep loss on cognitive function report slower and less accurate cognitive performance. Based on this context, this review aims to evaluate the importance and prevalence of sleep in athletes and summarises the effects of sleep loss (restriction and deprivation) on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Given the equivocal understanding of sleep and athletic performance outcomes, further research and consideration is required to obtain a greater knowledge of the interaction between sleep and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh H K Fullagar
- Institute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, GEB. B82, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany,
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Mejri MA, Hammouda O, Yousfi N, Zouaoui K, Ben Rayana MC, Chaouachi A, Driss T, Souissi N. One night of partial sleep deprivation affects biomarkers of cardiac damage, but not cardiovascular and lipid profiles, in young athletes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1048951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Baccouch R, Zarrouk N, Chtourou H, Rebai H, Sahli S. Time-of-day effects on postural control and attentional capacities in children. Physiol Behav 2015; 142:146-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Elghoul Y, Frikha M, Masmoudi L, Chtourou H, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Souissi N. Diurnal variation of cognitive performance and perceived difficulty in dart-throwing performance in 9–10-year-old boys. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2014.921409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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