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Sara M, Ilyas F, Hasballah K, Nurjannah N, Mudatsir M. The Effects of Lumbricus rubellus Extract on Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and IL-31 Levels in Children with Atopic Dermatitis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2007. [PMID: 38004056 PMCID: PMC10672803 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The ineffective combination of corticosteroids and antibiotics in treating some atopic dermatitis (AD) cases has been concerning. The skin barrier defects in AD ease the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which results in a rise in interleukin-31 (IL-31). Lumbricus rubellus (L. rubellus) has shown antimicrobial and antiallergic effects but has not been studied yet to decrease the growth of S. aureus and IL-31 levels in AD patients. This study aimed to analyze the effect of L. rubellus extract in reducing S. aureus colonization, the IL-31 level, and the severity of AD. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) (international registration number TCTR20231025004) was conducted on 40 AD patients attending Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, Mother and Child Hospital (RSIA), Aceh, Indonesia, from October 2021 to March 2022. AD patients aged 8-16 who had a Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index > 25, with total IgE serum level > 100 IU/mL, and had healthy weight were randomly assigned into two groups: one received fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% and placebo (control group) and one received fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% combined with L. rubellus extract (Vermint®) (intervention group). The S. aureus colony was identified using a catalase test, coagulase test, and MSA media. The serum IL-31 levels were measured using ELISA assay, while the SCORAD index was used to assess the severity of and improvement in AD. Mean scores for measured variables were compared between the two groups using an unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A significant decline in S. aureus colonization (p = 0.001) and IL-31 (p = 0.013) in patients receiving L. rubellus extract was found in this study. Moreover, fourteen AD patients in the intervention group showed an improvement in the SCORAD index of more than 35% (p = 0.057). Conclusions: L. rubellus extract significantly decreases S. aureus colonization and the IL-31 level in AD patients, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for children with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meutia Sara
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Faridha Ilyas
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Kartini Hasballah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Nurjannah Nurjannah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
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Bonzano L, Borgia F, Casella R, Miniello A, Nettis E, Gangemi S. Microbiota and IL-33/31 Axis Linkage: Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1100. [PMID: 37509136 PMCID: PMC10377073 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome dysbiosis and cytokine alternations are key features of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PsO), two of the most prevalent and burdensome pruritic skin conditions worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-31 have been recognized to be major players who act synergistically in the pathogenesis and maintenance of different chronic inflammatory conditions and pruritic skin disorders, including AD and PsO, and their potential role as therapeutic targets is being thoroughly investigated. The bidirectional interplay between dysbiosis and immunological changes has been extensively studied, but there is still debate regarding which of these two factors is the actual causative culprit behind the aetiopathological process that ultimately leads to AD and PsO. We conducted a literature review on the Pubmed database assessing articles of immunology, dermatology, microbiology and allergology with the aim to strengthen the hypothesis that dysbiosis is at the origin of the IL-33/IL-31 dysregulation that contributes to the pathogenesis of AD and PsO. Finally, we discussed the therapeutic options currently in development for the treatment of these skin conditions targeting IL-31, IL-33 and/or the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonzano
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Casella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Miniello
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Eustachio Nettis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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Kapoor MP, Yamaguchi H, Ishida H, Mizutani Y, Timm D, Abe A. The effects of prebiotic partially hydrolyzed guar gum on skin hydration: A randomized, open-label, parallel, controlled study in healthy humans. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
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Peltier E, Trapp S, de Salvo R, Sun C, Brandt M, Laing S, Hennighausen N, Barrionuevo‐Gonzalez A. A new dexpanthenol-containing liquid cleanser for atopic-prone skin: Results from two prospective clinical studies evaluating cutaneous tolerability, moisturization potential, and effects on barrier function. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:3859-3866. [PMID: 35866315 PMCID: PMC9796422 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gentle cleansing of the skin without further compromising its barrier function and moisture content and being simultaneously devoid of adverse effects on the skin microbiome are important features of body cleansers for atopic-prone skin sufferers. For this population, a new dexpanthenol-containing liquid cleanser (DCLC) was developed. METHODS Two prospective 4-week studies have been conducted. Study 1 investigated the effect of once-daily DCLC on stratum corneum (SC) hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, and skin microbiome (all on the volar forearm) in adult subjects with dry skin (N = 44). Study 2 explored the cutaneous tolerability of DCLC and its effect on the microbiome biodiversity of the volar forearm skin in infants/children with atopic-prone skin (N = 33, aged 6 months to 6 years). In the latter study, DCLC was applied 2-3 days/week in combination with an emollient applied at least twice daily. RESULTS In Study 1, on Day 29, the mean change in skin surface capacitance from baseline was significantly greater in the forearm test area treated with DCLC than in the contralateral test area (control) treated with water only (5.16 vs. 3.65 a.u.; p = 0.011), suggesting long-term SC hydration. DCLC use was not associated with changes in TEWL, skin pH, or microbiome biodiversity if compared to control. In Study 2, the 4-week use of DCLC in combination with an emollient was well tolerated according to pediatrician skin assessment, and no flare-ups were recorded. The microbiome biodiversity did not shift during the study. CONCLUSION These findings support the use of DCLC in subjects with atopic-prone skin.
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Nikolaeva MY, Monakhov KN, Sokolovskiy EV. Disorders of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2021. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of skin microbiome encompasses a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that belong to various taxonomic units, such as bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. The impact of these microbial community constituents upon the epidermal barrier condition, and upon the immune system functioning, is being intensely scrutinized. There is a particular interest in studying the role that the microorganisms of genus Staphylococcus spp. play in the course of physiological and pathological processes occurring in the skin. This review examines in detail the interaction of the microorganisms of genus Staphylococcus spp. with the microbial community constituents, as well as with the skin immune system in normal condition and in the condition associated with inflammatory dermatoses. There are also the data given on S. aureus pathogenicity factors, the data on the impact of this microorganism upon the course of atopic dermatitis, and upon the course of psoriasis. The review examines the role that coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. epidermidis in particular, play in maintaining the microbiome homeostasis. The review as well examines the impact of the skin microbiome upon the development and activity of the skin immune system, and upon maintaining the integrity of the epidermal barrier.
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Climent E, Martinez-Blanch JF, Llobregat L, Ruzafa-Costas B, Carrión-Gutiérrez MÁ, Ramírez-Boscá A, Prieto-Merino D, Genovés S, Codoñer FM, Ramón D, Chenoll E, Navarro-López V. Changes in Gut Microbiota Correlates with Response to Treatment with Probiotics in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. A Post Hoc Analysis of a Clinical Trial. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040854. [PMID: 33921166 PMCID: PMC8071520 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease with a high impact on the comfort of those who are affected and long-term treated with corticosteroids with limited efficacy and a high prevalence of relapses. Because of the limited effectiveness of these treatments, new strategies for recovery from AD lesions are continually being explored. In this article, we describe the gut microbiome changes achieved in a recently published clinical trial with the probiotic formulation Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145, Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347, and Lacticaseibacillus casei CECT 9104 (formerly Lactobacillus casei CECT 9104), showing a significant improvement in SCORAD (scoring atopic dermatitis) index in children (4-17 years) with AD (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02585986). The present gut microbiome post hoc study showed no significant changes in diversity (Shannon and Simpson indexes) after probiotic consumption. In the probiotic group, genera Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium significantly increased their levels while Faecalibacterium decreased, compared to the placebo group. Faecalibacterium showed the highest presence and significant positive correlation with AD severity (SCORAD index), whereas Abyssivirga, Bifidobacterium, and Lactococcus were inversely correlated. The results suggest that the consumption of the probiotic formulation here assayed modulates the gut microbiome with significant changes in genera Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium. In turn, the improvement in SCORAD correlates with a decrease in Faecalibacterium and an increase in Bifidobacterium, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Climent
- Biopolis S.L.-ADM, Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9 Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (E.C.); (J.F.M.-B.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Juan Francisco Martinez-Blanch
- Biopolis S.L.-ADM, Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9 Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (E.C.); (J.F.M.-B.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Laura Llobregat
- Biopolis S.L.-ADM, Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9 Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (E.C.); (J.F.M.-B.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Beatriz Ruzafa-Costas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (A.R.-B.); (V.N.-L.)
| | | | - Ana Ramírez-Boscá
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (A.R.-B.); (V.N.-L.)
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Vinalopó, 03293 Elche, Spain
| | - David Prieto-Merino
- Applied Statistical Methods in Medical Research Group, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London 400706, UK
| | - Salvador Genovés
- Biopolis S.L.-ADM, Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9 Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (E.C.); (J.F.M.-B.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Francisco M. Codoñer
- Biopolis S.L.-ADM, Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9 Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (E.C.); (J.F.M.-B.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniel Ramón
- Biopolis S.L.-ADM, Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9 Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (E.C.); (J.F.M.-B.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Empar Chenoll
- Biopolis S.L.-ADM, Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9 Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (E.C.); (J.F.M.-B.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vicente Navarro-López
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (A.R.-B.); (V.N.-L.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Vinalopó, 03293 Elche, Spain
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Wan P, Chen J. A Calm, Dispassionate Look at Skin Microbiota in Atopic Dermatitis: An Integrative Literature Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10:53-61. [PMID: 31960273 PMCID: PMC6994557 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-020-00352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic common inflammatory skin disorder with clinical characteristics of pruritic, dry, and recurrent flares that involve the whole body. Recent studies have demonstrated that the skin microbiota, characterized by an overgrowth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), plays a critical role in the manifestation of AD. There is striking evidence that skin microbiota can modulate the development and progression of AD. Therefore, more and more therapeutic approaches are adopted for modifying skin microbiota. Here we discuss the role of skin microbiota in the etiology and maintenance of AD; furthermore, we summarize the effects of therapeutic treatments on skin microbiota in AD based on published literature. With the help of the theoretical guidance suggested by microbial metagenome analysis, the reconstitution of microbiota should be a promising way to harness the pathogens of AD and could be used as a brand-new therapeutic strategy in clinical trials. We believe that the targeted therapy of dysbiosis in AD may possibly become a unique approach to an integrated treatment program in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
The microbiome is defined as the sum of microbes, their genomes, and interactions in a given ecological niche. Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory skin disease leading to dryness and itchiness of the skin. It is often associated with comorbidities such as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. Today, culture-free techniques have been established to define microbes and their genomes that may be both detrimental and beneficial for their host. There are signs that microbes, both on skin and in the gut, may influence the course of atopic dermatitis. Antiseptic treatment has been used for decades, however now, with the help of traditional culture-based methods and modern metagenomics, we are beginning to understand that targeted treatment of dysbiosis may possibly become part of an integrated therapy plan in the future.
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Bonamonte D, Filoni A, Vestita M, Romita P, Foti C, Angelini G. The Role of the Environmental Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis and Clinical Outcome of Atopic Dermatitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2450605. [PMID: 31119157 PMCID: PMC6500695 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2450605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence is rising worldwide. Literature data suggest the incidence of AD in developing countries is gradually getting close to that of developed ones, in which AD affects 20% of the paediatric population. Such an increment, associated with significant variations in prevalence among the various countries, underlines the importance of environmental factors in the disease onset. Among these, great importance is given to hygiene, intestinal microbiota, exposure to bacterial endotoxins, outdoor living with contact to animals, atmospheric pollution, weather, and diet. Genetic (alteration of the skin barrier function) as well as immunologic factors concur with the environmental ones. Only the systematical study of all these elements can best elucidate AD epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Bonamonte
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 11 Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Angela Filoni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 11 Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari 70124, Italy
- San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Vestita
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 11 Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Paolo Romita
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 11 Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 11 Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Gianni Angelini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 11 Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari 70124, Italy
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