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Diller ER, Williamson L. Supporting One Health for Pandemic Prevention: The Need for Ethical Innovation. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2023; 20:345-352. [PMID: 37266851 PMCID: PMC10235835 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioethics is a field in which innovation is required to help prevent and respond to zoonotic diseases with the potential to cause epidemics and pandemics. Some of the developments necessary to fight pandemics, such as COVID-19 vaccines, require public debate on the benefits and risks of individual choice versus responsibility to society. While these debates are necessary, a more fundamental ethical innovation to rebalance human, animal, and environmental interests is also needed. One Health (OH) can be characterized as a strategy that recognizes and promotes the synergy between human, animal, and environmental health. Yet, despite the recognition that these entities are interdependent, there is a pronounced inequality in the power relations between human, non-human animal, and the environmental interests which threatens the well-being of all. Until OH can ensure the moral status of animals and the environment and thereby the equal consideration of these interests, it will struggle to protect non-human interests and, as a result, human health. To create a sustainable health system requires a renewed concept of justice that is ecocentric in nature and an application of OH that is flexible and responsive to different ethical interests (e.g., person-centred care and physician responsibilities). Ultimately, to save themselves, humans must now think beyond themselves. Bioethics must assume a key role in supporting the developments required to create and maintain relationships able to sustain environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R Diller
- Center for Bioethics and Health Policy, Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Laura Williamson
- Center for Bioethics and Health Policy, Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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Sørhaug C. Livsstilsmigranters (re)territorialisering av bygda: utkast til en ansamlingsanalyse av sted. NORSK ANTROPOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 2022. [DOI: 10.18261/nat.33.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Seear K, Lenton E. Becoming posthuman: hepatitis C, the race to elimination and the politics of remaking the subject. HEALTH SOCIOLOGY REVIEW : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEALTH SECTION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2021; 30:229-243. [PMID: 34448668 DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2021.1971102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C has long been a public health problem in Australia. 'Revolutionary' new drugs with the potential to cure hepatitis C have now emerged. The Australian government has invested heavily in them, and has an ambitious goal to eliminate hepatitis C by 2030. Numerous shifts in policy and practice are required if the elimination agenda is to be realised. This paper explores the significance of these shifts. We ask: what is the race to elimination doing with the subject? We argue that the race to elimination can be understood, simultaneously, as a product of posthuman forces, capable of being analysed using the theoretical tools made available via the posthuman turn; producing an intervention in what it means to be human; and generating a dilemma for people who use (or used) drugs, people with hepatitis C, and posthuman scholarship. In drawing out these issues, we aim to: trace the significant developments underway in hepatitis C medicine and raise awareness of them; encourage reflection on the consequences of these developments; and invite reflections on what might be lost when the human is remade by hepatitis C medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Seear
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Emily Lenton
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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McCallum T, Rose J. Domestic violence, coercive control and mental health in a pandemic: disenthralling the ecology of the domestic. HEALTH SOCIOLOGY REVIEW : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEALTH SECTION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2021; 30:260-274. [PMID: 34666624 DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2021.1987954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTDomestic and family violence is a social and public health issue typically positioned in policy frameworks as a consequence of gendered social and economic structures. In this paper, we deploy an approach that draws on Hörl's neo-ecological thinking to propose that the home, as a site of domestic violence, can be usefully framed as an ecology of the domestic, a posthumanist hybrid matrix of bodies, spaces and objects in which various practices enact the smooth running of the domestic together with practices of domestic and family violence, including coercive control. Our interest is in coercive control and in the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on practices which enact this aspect of domestic violence. Our exploration of the practices that enact coercive control draws on the work of Law and others. We examine how practices, which are not compatible, or that do not cohere, are able to coexist in a domestic ecology and what occurs when there is a disruption as occurred with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni McCallum
- Indigenous Futures, Education & Arts, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Judy Rose
- Office of the Pro-Vice Chancellor, Arts, Education & Law, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Mouton M, Rock MJ. Débats autour des races canines et de la santé publique à Montréal et au Québec (2016-2019). Canadian Journal of Public Health 2021; 113:165-173. [PMID: 34382162 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examine the public policies that have been formulated to reduce the incidence of dog bites. We do so to encourage the adoption of policies aligned with One Health promotion. METHODS This case-study research involved an ethnographic approach. Our qualitative analysis derived from participant observation, policy documents, media coverage, and interviews with stakeholders in Montreal (Quebec). RESULTS Following on from a human fatality due to dog bite injuries, the City of Montreal decided to ban certain types of dogs based on their 'breed.' In the ensuing discussions, the 'Calgary model' emerged as an alternative to breed-specific legislation. These discussions led to a change in policy direction for Montreal, and for Quebec as a whole. Furthermore, we discerned marked improvements with respect to intersectoral coordination in the wake of this controversy. CONCLUSION 'Policy mobilities' offer a useful conceptual apparatus for understanding how public policies for dog bite prevention are polarized around controversial proposals, to the detriment of discussions that focus on policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Mouton
- Lab'URBA, Université Gustave Eiffel, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 14-20 Boulevard Newton, 77420, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Melanie J Rock
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3E13 - Teaching, Research and Wellness Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Adam S, Juergensen L, Mallette C. Harnessing the power to bridge different worlds: An introduction to posthumanism as a philosophical perspective for the discipline. Nurs Philos 2021; 22:e12362. [PMID: 34157215 DOI: 10.1111/nup.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although it is argued that social justice is a core concern for the discipline, nursing has not generally played a leadership role in the responses to many of the greatest social problems of our time. These include the accelerated rate of climate change, pandemic threats, systemic racism, growing health and social inequities, and the regulation of new technologies to ensure an equitable future 'for all.' In nursing codes of ethics, administration, education, policies, and practice, social justice is often claimed to be a core value, yet it is rarely contextualized by philosophical or theoretical underpinnings. It appears that nurses' commitment to social justice may stem more from a penchant for 'doing good' than an attempt to explore, understand, and enact what is meant by social justice from an ontological, epistemological, and methodological perspective. We contend that the dominance of a human science perspective in nursing contributes to a narrow definition of health and relegates many issues central to social justice to the margins of nurses' care. In this article, we explore how the focus on 'the human' in the human science perspective may not only be limiting the capacity of nurses to develop strategies to adequately address social injustice, but in some instances, direct nurses to contribute to their very reproduction. We suggest that a critical interrogation of this human-centric hegemony can identify avenues of rupture and introduce posthumanism as an additional philosophical perspective for consideration to help bridge the human-social divide.
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Relational health: Theorizing plants as health-supporting actors. Soc Sci Med 2021; 281:114083. [PMID: 34130074 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
'Plant blindness' stops people from recognizing the important role that plants play in society, and is acute when it comes to seeing how plants support health. The social sciences are beginning to explore how plants are imbricated in sociopolitical processes, including ones that produce health. This paper theorizes people-plant relations and the agency of plants in the production of health, drawing on data from a multispecies ethnography conducted in Toronto's largest social housing community during the 2018 growing season. The paper applies a posthumanist lens to find that food-producing plants in the area exert their agency and are health-supporting actors when collaborating with residents to advocate for community gardens and influence neighbourhood design. By arguing that plants are actual agents of change in sociopolitical processes, the article deepens an understanding of the health-supporting role of plants and provides empirical evidence for a view of health as a process, as opposed to a status, that is produced through relationships. The paper suggests that the term 'relational health' be used to describe a conception of health that recognizes that health is produced through interconnections and interdependencies, including between people and plants. The article contributes to discourses exploring the human health relationship to nature, including One Health.
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McQuoid J, Keamy-Minor E, Ling P. A Practice Theory Approach to Understanding Poly-Tobacco Use in the United States. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 30:204-219. [PMID: 32982073 DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2018.1541226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses practice theory to explore a poorly understood phenomenon with important health implications: How and why an increasing number of young Americans regularly use multiple tobacco products. Practice theory is a promising alternative to traditional public health frameworks for understanding everyday activities related to health. It broadens the analytic focus from characteristics of individuals to viewing practices as having lives of their own in competing for, winning, and losing practitioners. We drew from in-depth interviews with 21 young adults (ages 18-29; California) who regularly use cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and/or smokeless tobacco. Participants described their everyday routines. We examined the characterizing elements of each tobacco product use practice and the roles of each within participants' routines. We found that each product comprises a distinct substance use practice with different roles to play in different situations and contexts. Notably, many participants rotated between or modulated use of different products as a strategy for reducing perceived tobacco-related harms. Cigarettes are uniquely capable of aiding in the space-time organization of everyday activities and coping with crisis, while ENDS and smokeless tobacco open up times and spaces for nicotine consumption. This kind of approach aids our understanding and anticipation of the evolution of tobacco use practices as new products and regulations are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia McQuoid
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Emily Keamy-Minor
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Pamela Ling
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366, San Francisco, California 94143
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Rock MJ, Degeling C, Adams CL. From more-than-human solidarity to multi-species biographical value: insights from a veterinary school about ethical dilemmas in One Health promotion. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:789-808. [PMID: 32291790 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article features a partnership between a veterinary school and a charity that aims to enhance the wellbeing of low-income people. Through this partnership, the charity periodically hosts veterinary clinics for clients and their pets. Even as the veterinarians and veterinary students duly examine people's pets, these pop-up clinics aim to help people and their pets. Hence our analysis revolves around the ethics of 'more-than-human solidarity'. By 'more-than-human solidarity', we mean efforts to help others that either center on or that implicate non-human beings. To delve into the ethical and sociological implications of subsidised veterinary services, and to assist with program planning, we conducted several in-depth interviews with veterinarians. Most substantively, we found that the veterinary school's outreach clinics give rise to multi-species biographical value, which is prized as a pedagogical resource for veterinary students. The veterinarians whom we interviewed felt troubled by the extent to which the pop-up clinics ultimately benefited the veterinary school, but also by the shortage of subsidised veterinary services in the vicinity. Based on these interviews and our own reflections, we invite more scholarship on cultural, economic and political influences that shape the lives of human beings and non-human animals alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Rock
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Chris Degeling
- Australian Centre for Health Engagement, Evidence, and Values, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Cindy L Adams
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Neff I. Vital and enchanted: Jane Bennett and new materialism for nursing philosophy and practice. Nurs Philos 2019; 21:e12273. [PMID: 31364814 DOI: 10.1111/nup.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nursing theories are typically anthropocentric and emphasize caring for a person as a unitary whole. They maintain the dualisms of human-nonhuman, natural-social and material-ideal. Recent developments in nonhuman ontology question the utility of that approach. One important philosopher in this new materialism is political theorist Jane Bennett. In this paper, I explore Bennett's vital materialism and enchantment as two concepts arising from the nonhuman turn that should inform nursing philosophy. Vital materialism considers the lively power of matter to affect the world and be affected in relations. Enchantment refers to a sense of wonder and captivation with matter. While summarizing her important contributions, I also describe common criticisms and responses. I consider the human as an assemblage of matter as well as the agency or "thing power" of matter external to humans. This has implications for nursing thought and practice, and it can inform a more capacious research methodology. I also discuss how compassion fatigue or burnout and other professional issues may be seen as a form of disenchantment with the material world. I argue that embracing these and other elements of Bennett's new materialist philosophy can help nurses and other health professionals enrich their theories and practice to advance their disciplines and improve care for persons and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Neff
- Oregon Health and Science, University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
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Nisbett N. Understanding the nourishment of bodies at the centre of food and health systems – systemic, bodily and new materialist perspectives on nutritional inequity. Soc Sci Med 2019; 228:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Elton S. Reconsidering the retail foodscape from a posthumanist and ecological determinants of health perspective: wading out of the food swamp. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2018.1468870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elton
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Hinchliffe S, Jackson MA, Wyatt K, Barlow AE, Barreto M, Clare L, Depledge MH, Durie R, Fleming LE, Groom N, Morrissey K, Salisbury L, Thomas F. Healthy publics: enabling cultures and environments for health. PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS 2018; 4:57. [PMID: 29862036 PMCID: PMC5978671 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-018-0113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite extraordinary advances in biomedicine and associated gains in human health and well-being, a growing number of health and well-being related challenges have remained or emerged in recent years. These challenges are often 'more than biomedical' in complexion, being social, cultural and environmental in terms of their key drivers and determinants, and underline the necessity of a concerted policy focus on generating healthy societies. Despite the apparent agreement on this diagnosis, the means to produce change are seldom clear, even when the turn to health and well-being requires sizable shifts in our understandings of public health and research practices. This paper sets out a platform from which research approaches, methods and translational pathways for enabling health and well-being can be built. The term 'healthy publics' allows us to shift the focus of public health away from 'the public' or individuals as targets for intervention, and away from the view that culture acts as a barrier to efficient biomedical intervention, towards a greater recognition of the public struggles that are involved in raising health issues, questioning what counts as healthy and unhealthy and assembling the evidence and experience to change practices and outcomes. Creating the conditions for health and well-being, we argue, requires an engaged research process in which public experiments in building and repairing social and material relations are staged and sustained even if, and especially when, the fates of those publics remain fragile and buffeted by competing and often more powerful public formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hinchliffe
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark A Jackson
- Department of History, College of Humanities, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Katrina Wyatt
- Child Health and Health Complexity, Institute for Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Manuela Barreto
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Lisbon University Institute (CIS/ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Linda Clare
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael H Depledge
- European Centre for the Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK
| | - Robin Durie
- Department of Politics and International relations, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lora E Fleming
- European Centre for the Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK
| | - Nick Groom
- Department of English, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for the Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK
| | - Laura Salisbury
- Department of English and Film, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Felicity Thomas
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- College of Humanities, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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