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Baccon WC, Laranjeira C, Marques PG, Höring CF, Gallo AM, Araujo JP, Marques FRDM, Carreira L, Salci MA. Physical Activity and Associated Factors among Brazilian Adult Inmates: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:748. [PMID: 38928994 PMCID: PMC11203477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies on health in prison facilities have determined that imprisonment has adverse effects on both physical and emotional well-being. Therefore, the introduction of public health measures is encouraged. This study aimed to (a) evaluate the levels of physical activity and the health condition of a sample of Brazilian prisoners and (b) determine the predictors of low physical activity. An observational and cross-sectional study was developed following the STROBE checklist. Data collection took place between June and November 2019 in a maximum-security Brazilian prison institution. This study's final sample included 220 people selected through convenience sampling, of which 115 (53.2%) were aged 18 to 29 years, followed by 79 (36.6%) aged 30 to 44 years and 22 (10.2%) aged 45 to 59 years old. Overall, 64.3% of participants failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for physical activity [at least 150-300 min of moderate-intensity or 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week]. The majority reported unhealthy food consumption (116; 53.7%). Regarding body mass index (BMI), 50.2% of individuals were classified as eutrophic, 38.1% were overweight and 11.6% were obese. Older age (AOR: 0.95; CI95%: 0.92-0.99; p = 0.01) and sitting time (AOR: 0.74; CI95%: 0.65-0.85; p < 0.01) were associated with low adherence to physical activity. Our results highlight the importance of practicing physical activity within the prison context and the need for institutional programs that promote regular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Cristina Baccon
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Rua de Santo André-66-68, Campus 5, Polytechnic University of Leiria, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-801 Évora, Portugal
| | - Priscila Garcia Marques
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Carla Franciele Höring
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Martins Gallo
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Juliane Pagliari Araujo
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-Campus Universitário, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil;
| | - Francielle Renata Danielli Martins Marques
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Lígia Carreira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maria Aparecida Salci
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (M.A.S.)
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Avieli H. Prisoners' experience of health self-management: A qualitative study. J Nurs Scholarsh 2023; 55:926-935. [PMID: 36789881 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among the noninstitutionalized population, health care is increasingly shifting from a paternalistic model toward promoting patients' involvement in decision-making and in managing their condition. This paradigm shift toward health self-management is less applicable to individuals in prison whose health management choices are limited. The aim of this study was to explore prisoners' health self-management needs and the strategies used to maintain health self-management in a highly restrictive prison environment. DESIGN A qualitative phenomenological study design was selected for this research. METHODS An interpretive phenomenological analysis was chosen to present the narratives of prisoners regarding their health self-management. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 male prisoners followed by content analysis. RESULTS The analysis of the participants' narratives revealed four major themes: (1) "I thrive on the anger so I can turn it into some more sit-ups:" Initiating sporting activities (2) "Food shouldn't be that white…:" Prisoners' quest for healthier eating (3) "I felt I want more out of life…:" Avoiding an unhealthy lifestyle (4) "I want to be taken care of:" The struggle for better health care. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that prisoners can overcome the challenges of maintaining health in prison and become committed to better health management. Prisoners who serve as health resources may help reduce the load on correctional facilities' health care systems and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Avieli
- Department of Criminology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Walker T, Edmondson A, Riley F, Harper M, Lucock M, Wright N. Using mixed methods to explore diabetes care in a medium-secure setting in England: A case study. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e462. [PMID: 34938902 PMCID: PMC8671897 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes is highly prevalent among individuals with serious mental illness. Managing diabetes in forensic mental health settings presents unique challenges which are under-reported and poorly understood. This study aimed to explore diabetes care in a medium-secure setting and identify key areas for improvement. METHODS A single case study design used a retrospective chart review. Qualitative interviews and a focus group were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Prevalence of diabetes was over twice that of the general population and highest in female service users. Evidence suggests limited understanding and lack of diabetes education for staff and service users, and difficulties in accessing external diabetes recourses. CONCLUSION Constraints inherent to forensic mental health settings contribute to difficulties in accessing external resources and adequate diabetes education. Secure mental health services should adopt a collaborative approach to diabetes care and provide appropriate specialist training to both staff and service users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Edmondson
- University of Huddersfield School of Human and Health SciencesHuddersfieldUK
| | - Fleur Riley
- PsychologyTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
| | - Mark Harper
- University of Huddersfield School of Human and Health SciencesHuddersfieldUK
| | - Mike Lucock
- University of Huddersfield School of Human and Health SciencesHuddersfieldUK
| | - Nat Wright
- University of Huddersfield School of Human and Health SciencesHuddersfieldUK
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Woodall J, Freeman C, Warwick-Booth L. Health-promoting prisons in the female estate: an analysis of prison inspection data. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1582. [PMID: 34418998 PMCID: PMC8380381 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women in prison have comparatively greater health needs than men, often compounded by structures and policies within the prison system. The notion of a 'health-promoting' prison is a concept which has been put forward to address health inequalities and health deterioration in prisons. It has, however, not been fully discussed in relation to women in prison. The paper aims to distil the learning and evidence in relation to health promotion in female prisons using prison inspection reports of women's prisons in England and Wales. METHODS Prison inspection reports are one way of ascertaining the contemporary situation in prisons. Prison inspections are often unannounced and use a myriad of methods to draw conclusions around various aspects of prison life. Thirteen prison inspection reports were analysed thematically focusing on health promotion within the institutions. Two analysts conducted the work using NVivo 12. RESULTS Five core thematic areas were identified during the analysis of the reports. Saliently, a joined-up approach to health promotion was not a common feature in the prisons and indeed the focus tended to be on screening and 'lifestyle issues' rather than a concern for the underlying determinants of health. There was often an absence of a strategic approach to health promotion. There were some good examples of the democratic inclusion of women in prison in shaping services, but this was not widespread and often tokenistic. There were some examples of inequity and the inspection reports from a small number of institutions, illustrated that the health needs of some women remained unmet. CONCLUSIONS The paper suggests that there is potentially some work before conditions in women's prisons could be described as 'health-promoting', although there are some examples of individual prisons demonstrating good practice. The health promoting prison movement has, implicitly at least, focused on the needs of men in prison and this has been to the exclusion of the female prison population. This does lead to several challenges and the potential for exacerbating health challenges faced by an already marginalised and vulnerable group. Greater focus on the health promotion needs of women in prison is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Woodall
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, England.
| | - Charlotte Freeman
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, England
| | - Louise Warwick-Booth
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, England
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Woodall J, Freeman C. Developing health and wellbeing in prisons: an analysis of prison inspection reports in Scotland. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:314. [PMID: 33827565 PMCID: PMC8026093 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Scottish Prison Service (SPS) has been long regarded for its progressive policy approach to health promotion in prison. It is one of the few countries with a strategic plan for health promotion implementation. Given the paucity of understanding in relation to the concept of a health promoting prison, this study assessed routinely collected prison inspection data to understand and distil learning in regard the practical implementation of health-promoting prisons. Methods Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Prisons for Scotland (HMIPS) oversees the independent inspection of all prisons. This desk-based study analysed openly accessible inspection reports from a public repository. The sample was limited to inspection reports using the 2018 revised Standards to ensure comparability between reports. Eight unique inspection reports meeting this criterion were downloaded between January and October 2020. The prisons had their inspections undertaken between May 2018 and January 2020. Data from the reports which focused on ‘health and wellbeing’ were inductively coded using NVivo 12 to support thematic analysis. Results Results are presented against the values and principles outlined in the SPS’ own framework for promoting health in prison. All of the institution reports contained evidence of fairness and justice in their prison and understandings of health inequalities were recognised by staff. There were also examples of mutual (peer) support between people in prison; good relationships between staff and prisoners; and strong health promotion leadership. Conversely, some environmental conditions hindered the development of health promotion – this included staffing shortages and some practices fostering health inequity. Even where a prison was reported as having health promotion activities in place these were focused on a narrow range of individual risk factors such as smoking cessation or substance misuse. Far less attention was paid to wider health determinants. Conclusions Scotland has been at the forefront of attempts to embed a health promoting prison philosophy in their justice system. Inspection data focusing on ‘health and wellbeing’ were analysed, but the analysis suggests that more could be done to ensure a health promoting setting. The way prisons inspectors are assessing health and wellbeing in particular areas is very narrow, with the focus exclusively on healthcare without a wider appreciation of how other areas of prison life can impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Woodall
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
| | - Charlotte Freeman
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Rungreangkulkij S, Silarat M, Kotnara I. Prisoners' perceptions of the healthcare service: A qualitative study. Nurs Health Sci 2021; 23:304-311. [PMID: 33438827 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is recognized that the health of those in prison is poorer than the general population. The objective of this research is to understand the perceptions of the prisoners of the health care that they received at a district level prison in Thailand. We conducted a qualitative study, using in-depth interviews. Content analysis was used for data analysis. The participants were 13 prisoners. The findings reveal the prisoners have positive attitudes toward health services. They think that they are receiving the same standard of care as the general population. However, they are concerned about getting a communicable disease and accessibility to emergency care. There is limited dental care. The female prisoners have more trouble accessing health care than male prisoners. Suggestions for solving the inequality of care for prisoners includes increasing the collaboration with the community hospitals, using telehealth, adding female health providers, and developing inmate health volunteers among the prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somporn Rungreangkulkij
- WHO CC Centre for Research and Training on Gender and Women's Health, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Maliwan Silarat
- Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ingkata Kotnara
- WHO CC Centre for Research and Training on Gender and Women's Health, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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