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Dorleon G, Rigaud S, Techer I. Management of dredged marine sediments in Southern France: main keys to large-scale beneficial re-use. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33129-9. [PMID: 38616226 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Fifty million cubic meters of marine sediments are dredged each year in France in order to maintain harbor activities and sustain the economy of littoral territories. Because of anthropogenic activities in and around harbors, sediments can contain significant amounts of chemical and organic pollutants whose behavior during dredging must be addressed in order to avoid releasing risks for humans and the environment. French regulations come to govern the management of dredged sediments, considering them "safe" and possible to be dumped at sea or "contaminated" and needed to be treated on land as waste. In recent years, new constraints have been pushed toward the management of land. This management is, however, challenging as few channels are proposed to reuse marine sediments, and elimination appears to be economically and environmentally unsustainable. This study provides an overview of the technical and regulatory aspects related to dredged marine sediment management in France and aims to identify and discuss the limits of their valorization. Dredged sediments are mainly composed of particles with heterogeneous grain size, some being known for many applications such as building materials and growing media. However, several reasons have been put forward to explain why these particles are not reused when extracted from dredged sediments. Several technical, socio-economic, and regulatory obstacles explain the low demand for dredged sediments. This demand can be stimulated by government incentives and a good regulatory framework. National regulations could help streamline their reuse by removing their "waste" status and creating a regulated market for dredged sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Dorleon
- UPR 7352 CHROME, Laboratoire Géosciences de L'Environnement, Site Hoche - Université de Nîmes, 1 Place du Président Doumergue, 30000, Nîmes, France.
| | - Sylvain Rigaud
- UPR 7352 CHROME, Laboratoire Géosciences de L'Environnement, Site Hoche - Université de Nîmes, 1 Place du Président Doumergue, 30000, Nîmes, France
| | - Isabelle Techer
- UPR 7352 CHROME, Laboratoire Géosciences de L'Environnement, Site Hoche - Université de Nîmes, 1 Place du Président Doumergue, 30000, Nîmes, France
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2
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Investigation on Water Transformation and Pore Structure of Cement-Stabilized Dredged Sediment Based on NMR Technology. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093178. [PMID: 35591512 PMCID: PMC9100054 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cement-stabilized dredged sediment (CDS) when used as a new road construction material cannot only solve the problem of abandoned sediment disposal, but also effectively save natural soil resources. This study aimed to evaluate the strength and permeability of CDS and establish corresponding prediction models from the perspective of a stabilization mechanism. The soil-water composition and pore size distribution were investigated by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The results demonstrated that more liquid pore water inside the CDS specimen transformed into combined water with cement hydration. The amount of combined water, which essentially characterized the hydration process of cement, presented a linear relationship with log (t). The cementation and filling action of hydrates resulted in the transformation of large pores into smaller ones, hence the optimal pore size decreased with an increasing curing period and cement content. The stress-strain curves and hydraulic conductivity were determined based on unconfined compression and flexible wall penetration tests, respectively. The unconfined compressive strength increased exponentially with the amount of combined water, and the functional correlations of hydraulic conductivity and micropore parameters were established. The reliability of the NMR technique as a new method to study the microscopic evolution mechanism of the strength and permeability of CDS was further verified by scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests.
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Slimanou H, Baziz A, Bouzidi N, Quesada DE, Tahakourt A. Thermal, physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of dredged sediment-based ceramic tiles as substituent of kaolin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26792-26809. [PMID: 34859347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to recycle dredged sediments as an alternative raw material in the production of ceramic tiles. The effect of the substitution of kaolin by raw sediment (HDS) and calcined sediment (HDSC) in the mixture of the ceramic tile samples sintered at 1100 and 1200 °C was studied. The samples were prepared with different proportions of HDS and HDSC (0, 10, 20 and 30 wt.%) substituting kaolin. The mineralogical analysis of the samples shows that mullite phase disappears in the samples incorporating raw sediments (HDS) and fired sediments (HDSC) leading to the formation of new crystalline phases such as anorthite and diopside.Moreover, ceramic tile samples with 20 wt.% of calcined sediment improve its densification and hence the compressive strength (171 MPa) and thermal conductivity (0.555 W/mK). An evaluation of the leaching was carried out in the ceramic samples, finding that the concentrations of heavy metals in the leachate were within the safety limit established by the USEPA. The heavy metals were immobilised in the ceramic matrix. Therefore, the results showed that dredged sediment (HDS) and calcined sediment (HDSC) could be used as substituent of kaolin to produce eco-friendly ceramic building materials as floor tile ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Slimanou
- Laboratory of Materials Technology and Process Engineering (LTMGP), University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria.
- Laboratory of Construction Engineering and Architecture (LGCA), University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria.
| | - Amina Baziz
- Laboratory of Materials Technology and Process Engineering (LTMGP), University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
- Laboratory of Construction Engineering and Architecture (LGCA), University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Nedjima Bouzidi
- Laboratory of Materials Technology and Process Engineering (LTMGP), University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
- Laboratory of Construction Engineering and Architecture (LGCA), University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Dolores Eliche Quesada
- Center for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
- Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Jaén, University of Jaen, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Abdelkader Tahakourt
- Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Jaén, University of Jaen, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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Valorization of Dredged Sediments in Manufacturing Compressed Earth Blocks Stabilized by Alkali-Activated Fly Ash Binder. BUILDINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings12040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The valorization of dredged sediments is a promising solution to reduce the strain on natural resources, which is in line with sustainable development goals. This study aims to evaluate the potential valorization of dredged sediment in manufacturing compressed earth blocks (CEBs). The CEBs were stabilized by a combination of fly ash (FA) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The stabilization was achieved by partial substitution of sediment for fly ash with six different percentages 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% by weight. The CEBs samples were characterized in terms of structural, microstructural, mechanical, and thermal properties. The results showed that increasing FA content significantly improves the mechanical strength of CEBs, dry compressive strength ranges from 2.47 MPa to 9 MPa, whereas wet compressive strength ranges from 0.95 MPa to 6.9 MPa. The mechanical performance is related to the amount of alkali-activated fly ash gels, which bind the sediment grains and makes the CEBs more compact and resistant. The optimal dosage of alkali-activated fly ash to replace the sediment was between 10 and 20%. In this substitution range, mechanical performance and physical properties improved significantly. In addition, the thermal properties varied slightly with alkali-activated FA content.
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Svensson N, Norén A, Modin O, Karlfeldt Fedje K, Rauch S, Strömvall AM, Andersson-Sköld Y. Integrated cost and environmental impact assessment of management options for dredged sediment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:30-40. [PMID: 34847467 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of sediment must be dredged regularly to enable marine transport and trade. The sediments are often polluted, with e.g. metals, which limits the management options. The aim of this study has been to assess costs and environmental impacts (impact on climate, marine organisms, etc.) of different management options for polluted dredged sediment, by combining life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the climate impact, scoring of other environmental aspects and a cost evaluation. This approach has been used to study both traditional and new management alternatives for a real port case. The studied options include landfilling, deep-sea disposal, construction of a port area using a stabilization and solidification (S/S) method, and a combination of the aforementioned methods with the innovative option of metal recovery through sediment electrolysis. The LCA showed that deep-sea disposal had the lowest climate impact. The assessment of the other environmental impacts showed that the result varied depending on the pollution level and the time perspective used (short or long-term). Using sediment for construction had the highest climate impact, although other environmental impacts were comparably low. Electrolysis was found to be suitable for highly polluted sediments, as it left the sediment cleaner and enabled recovery of precious metals, however the costs were high. The results highlight the complexity of comparing different environmental impacts and the benefits of using integrated assessments to provide clarity, and to evaluate both the synergetic and counteracting effects associated with the investigated scenarios and may aid early-stage decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Svensson
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Malvinas väg 6, Stockholm SE-114 28, Sweden.
| | - Anna Norén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Karin Karlfeldt Fedje
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden; Recycling and Waste Management, Renova AB, Box 156, Gothenburg SE-401 22, Sweden
| | - Sebastien Rauch
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Malvinas väg 6, Stockholm SE-114 28, Sweden; Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Geology and geotechnics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
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Cai Y, Gao H, Qu G, Ning P, Hu Y, Zou H, Ren N. Research on the efficient water-absorbing ceramsite generated by dredged sediments in Dian Lake-China and coal fly ash. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2769-2779. [PMID: 34477261 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to transform the dredged sediment (DS) into an efficient water-absorbing ceramsite (EWAC), the coal fly ash (CFA) and expansion agent were used to blend, expand, and sinter with the DS in the Dian Lake-China. A new type of high EWAC was prepared with the absorption ratio of 66.71%, which was much higher than similar products. The heavy metals leaching (HML) of EWAC showed that the concentration of As was 0.90 mg/L and the Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr were too low to be detected. The characterization analysis showed that the EWAC cross section contained a lot of hydroxyl, ether, and P-Cl hydrophilic group by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area (SSA) test method. The above groups and structures could greatly improve the water absorption (WA) performance of the EWAC. What's more, the SSA of the EWAC could reach 4.468 m2 /g. The results of Comsol Multiphysics indicated that the SSA and average pore size (APS) of the EWACs were 10 and 6 times higher than the commercial ceramsites, respectively. The research provided the utilization of the DS with technical and theoretical basis for the construction of sponge city. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The article was focus on the utilization of dredged sediment (DS) and coal fly ash (CFA) for the basic material preparation technology and its toxicity test as the sponge city. First, the raw materials were the DS in Dian Lake (Kunming, Yunnan, China) and CFA (thermal power plants), which were all belonged to the hazardous solid waste and was made to the efficient water-absorbing ceramsite (EWAC). Second, the water absorption (WA) performance of the EWAC was improved greatly whose absorption ratio was much higher than similar products reached 66.71%. The specific surface area (SSA) and average pore size (APS) of the EWACs were 10 and 6 times higher than the commercial ceramsites (CCs), respectively. Finally, the heavy metals leaching (HML) of As was 0.90 mg/L, and the HML of Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr was all lower than 0.05 mg/L, which could not only not cause secondary pollution but provide the new ideas for the resource utilization of large amount of DS. So, we thought this article was suitable for the journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Guangfei Qu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yinghui Hu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Hongmei Zou
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Çevikbilen G, Başar HM, Karadoğan Ü, Teymur B, Dağlı S, Tolun L. Assessment of the use of dredged marine materials in sanitary landfills: A case study from the Marmara sea. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 113:70-79. [PMID: 32505977 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide production of large volumes of dredged materials (DMs) has become a pressing environmental problem. In Turkey, the government has yet to develop management strategies that successfully prevent or minimize dumping into the Marmara Sea. One potential solution is the utilization of the DMs as a source of material for earthworks, particularly in sanitary landfills in Istanbul and Kocaeli. The most economically developed cities in Turkey, they were evaluated in terms of potential environmental impacts and regulatory compliance. Five ports/harbors representing specific portions of the study area and different industrial activities were selected as pilot regions. Physical, chemical, mineralogical, toxicological, and leaching potential measurements of DMs dredged from the seabed revealed they qualify as non-hazardous waste. Index and engineering tests performed on raw and processed DMs were assessed to determine the geotechnical requirements for soil-based materials (SBM) used in sanitary landfills. The results showed that non-hazardous DMs could be utilized as a cover, base/cap liner, and/or fill material at various sections within the landfills. This method provides environmental advantages not seen with other management strategies for DMs such as dumping at sea or upland disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Çevikbilen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - H Merve Başar
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, Tübitak Marmara Research Center, Gebze 41470, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ümit Karadoğan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Teymur
- Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sönmez Dağlı
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, Tübitak Marmara Research Center, Gebze 41470, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Leyla Tolun
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, Tübitak Marmara Research Center, Gebze 41470, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Hamouche F, Zentar R. Effects of organic matter on mechanical properties of dredged sediments for beneficial use in road construction. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:296-308. [PMID: 29974819 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1497711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In France, the road construction sector is the greatest consumer of granular materials, with a yearly consumption of about 200 million tons. With the shortage of standard materials, the valorisation of dredged sediments for road construction could constitute an interesting solution. Dredged sediments generally consist of a mineral phase, an organic phase (in various forms) and a liquid phase (water). The presence of organic matter (OM) in sediments, even in small amounts, affects their engineering properties. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of organic matter content on the engineering properties of dredged sediments. For this purpose, a specific methodology to reconstitute samples with different amounts of organic matter contents is proposed. The evaluation of the effects of organic matter content in term of compressibility, shear strength, compaction and bearing capacity show that even for high amount of organic matter the performances of the studied samples are compatible with the use in road construction sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Hamouche
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Institute Mines Telecom Lille Douai, Douai, France
| | - Rachid Zentar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Institute Mines Telecom Lille Douai, Douai, France
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9
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Wang L, Chen L, Tsang DCW, Li JS, Yeung TLY, Ding S, Poon CS. Green remediation of contaminated sediment by stabilization/solidification with industrial by-products and CO 2 utilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1321-1327. [PMID: 29727956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Navigational dredging is an excavation of marine/freshwater sediment to maintain channels of sufficient depth for shipping safety. Due to historical inputs of anthropogenic contaminants, sediments are often contaminated by metals/metalloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other contaminants. Its disposal can present significant environmental and financial burdens. This study developed a novel and green remediation method for contaminated sediment using stabilization/solidification with calcium-rich/low-calcium industrial by-products and CO2 utilization. The hydration products were evaluated by quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The incorporation of calcium carbide residue (CCR) facilitated hydration reaction and provided relatively high 7-d strength. In contrast, the addition of Class-F pulverized fly ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) was beneficial to the 28-d strength development due to supplementary pozzolanic and hydration reactions. The employment of 1-d CO2 curing was found to promote strength development (98%) and carbon sequestration (4.3wt%), while additional 7-d air curing facilitated cement rehydration and further carbonation in the sediment blocks. The leachability tests indicated that all studied binders, especially CCR binder, effectively immobilized contaminants in the sediments. The calcium-rich CCR and GGBS were regarded as promising candidates for augmenting the efficacy of CO2 curing, whereas GGBS samples could be applicable as eco-paving blocks in view of their superior 28-d strength. This study presents a new and sustainable way to transform contaminated sediment into value-added materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiang-Shan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiffany L Y Yeung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Maherzi W, Benzerzour M, Mamindy-Pajany Y, van Veen E, Boutouil M, Abriak NE. Beneficial reuse of Brest-Harbor (France)-dredged sediment as alternative material in road building: laboratory investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:566-580. [PMID: 28301973 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1308440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of natural aggregates promotes waste reuse as secondary raw material in the field of civil engineering. This article focuses on the beneficial reuse of marine-dredged sediments in road building. Thus, mixtures of raw sediments and dredged sand collected from Brest Harbur (Bretagne, France) were treated with road hydraulic binders. Formulation were prepared and characterized as recommended by the French Technical Guidelines for soil treatment with lime and/or hydraulic binders. Mechanical resistance results are quite similar for both the hydraulic binders, suggesting a similar reactivity with the studied sediment sample. However, some discrepancies can be noted on sustainability parameters. Indeed, water resistance after immersion at 40°C is significantly better for the mixtures treated with cement containing more glass-forming oxides (SiO2 + Al2O3) and fluxing (Fe2O3+CaO + MgO + K2O + Na2O). Moreover, the both hydraulic binders can lead to swelling in the road materials as observed in scanning electron microscopy analyses. Indeed, microscopic observations indicated volumetric swelling of treated samples, which is greatly influenced on the one side by ettringite quantity and on the other hand by the presence of water in pores material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Maherzi
- a Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Ecole des Mines de Douai , Douai , France
- b Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénierie et des Travaux de la Construction de Caen (ESITC Caen) , Epron , France
| | - Mahfoud Benzerzour
- a Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Ecole des Mines de Douai , Douai , France
| | - Yannick Mamindy-Pajany
- a Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Ecole des Mines de Douai , Douai , France
| | - Eleanor van Veen
- c Camborne School of Mines, CEMPS , University of Exeter , Penryn , UK
| | - Mohamed Boutouil
- b Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénierie et des Travaux de la Construction de Caen (ESITC Caen) , Epron , France
| | - Nor Edine Abriak
- b Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénierie et des Travaux de la Construction de Caen (ESITC Caen) , Epron , France
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11
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Saussaye L, van Veen E, Rollinson G, Boutouil M, Andersen J, Coggan J. Geotechnical and mineralogical characterisations of marine-dredged sediments before and after stabilisation to optimise their use as a road material. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:3034-3046. [PMID: 28118789 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1287220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dredging activities to extend, deepen and maintain access to harbours generate significant volumes of waste dredged material. Some ways are investigated to add value to these sediments. One solution described here is their use in road construction following treatment with hydraulic binders. This paper presents the characterisation of four sediments, in their raw state and after 90 days of curing following stabilisation treatment with lime and cement, using a combination of novel and established analytical techniques to investigate subsequent changes in mineralogy. These sediments are classified as fine, moderately to highly organic and highly plastic and their behaviour is linked to the presence of smectite clays. The main minerals found in the sediments using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and automated mineralogy are quartz, calcite, feldspars, aluminium silicates, pyrite and halite. Stabilisation was found to improve the mechanical performances of all the sediments. The formation of cementitious hydrates was not specifically detected using automated mineralogy or XRD. However, a decrease in the percentage volume of aluminium silicates and aluminium-iron silicates and an increase of the percentage volume of feldspars and carbonates was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Saussaye
- a Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénierie et des Travaux de la Construction de Caen (ESITC Caen) Epron , France
| | - E van Veen
- b Camborne School of Mines (CSM), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences (CEMPS), Tremough Campus, University of Exeter , Penryn , UK
| | - G Rollinson
- b Camborne School of Mines (CSM), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences (CEMPS), Tremough Campus, University of Exeter , Penryn , UK
| | - M Boutouil
- a Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénierie et des Travaux de la Construction de Caen (ESITC Caen) Epron , France
| | - J Andersen
- b Camborne School of Mines (CSM), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences (CEMPS), Tremough Campus, University of Exeter , Penryn , UK
| | - J Coggan
- b Camborne School of Mines (CSM), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences (CEMPS), Tremough Campus, University of Exeter , Penryn , UK
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12
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Cappuyns V, Deweirt V, Rousseau S. Dredged sediments as a resource for brick production: possibilities and barriers from a consumers' perspective. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 38:372-380. [PMID: 25618756 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A possible solution for the oversupply of dredged sediments is their use as a raw material in brick production. Despite the fact that several examples (e.g., Agostini et al., 2007; Hamer and Karius, 2002; Xu et al., 2014) show that this application is feasible, some economic, technical and social limitations interfere with the development of a market of dredged materials in brick production in Flanders. While we describe the main characteristics of the supply side, we focus on the limitations and barriers from the demand side in the present study. Based on a consumers survey we analyze consumers' risk perceptions and attitudes towards bricks produced from dredged sediments. Consumers in Flanders are rather suspicious with respect to bricks produced from dredged sediments and their risk perception is mainly determined by the possibility of a bad bargain (brick of inferior quality) and the connotation with chemical contamination. The willingness to pay for bricks made from dredged sediments is mainly influenced by the age of the respondents, as well environmental awareness, and the respondents' belief in their ability to influence environmental problems. Sensitization and information of customers seems to be of primary importance to make dredged-sediment-derived bricks a successful product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Cappuyns
- KU Leuven, Centre for Economics and Corporate Sustainability (CEDON), Warmoesberg 26, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Valentine Deweirt
- KU Leuven, Centre for Economics and Corporate Sustainability (CEDON), Warmoesberg 26, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Rousseau
- KU Leuven, Centre for Economics and Corporate Sustainability (CEDON), Warmoesberg 26, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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