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Johansson G, Fedje KK, Modin O, Haeger-Eugensson M, Uhl W, Andersson-Sköld Y, Strömvall AM. Removal and release of microplastics and other environmental pollutants during the start-up of bioretention filters treating stormwater. J Hazard Mater 2024; 468:133532. [PMID: 38387172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Untreated stormwater is a major source of microplastics, organic pollutants, metals, and nutrients in urban water courses. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge about the start-up periods of bioretention filters. A rain garden pilot facility with 13 bioretention filters was constructed and stormwater from a highway and adjacent impervious surfaces was used for irrigation for ∼12 weeks. Selected plants (Armeria maritima, Hippophae rhamnoides, Juncus effusus, and Festuca rubra) was planted in ten filters. Stormwater percolated through the filters containing waste-to-energy bottom ash, biochar, or Sphagnum peat, mixed with sandy loam. Influent and effluent samples were taken to evaluate removal of the above-mentioned pollutants. All filters efficiently removed microplastics >10 µm, organic pollutants, and most metals. Copper leached from all filters initially but was significantly reduced in the biochar filters at the end of the period, while the other filters showed a declining trend. All filters leached nutrients initially, but concentrations decreased over time, and the biochar filters had efficiently reduced nitrogen after a few weeks. To conclude, all the filters effectively removed pollutants during the start-up period. Before being recommended for full-scale applications, the functionality of the filters after a longer period of operation should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Johansson
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin Karlfeldt Fedje
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; Recycling and Waste Management, Renova AB, Box 156, Gothenburg SE-40122, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Wolfgang Uhl
- Aquateam COWI AS, Karvesvingen 2, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute Linköping (VTI), Box 8072, SE-40278 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Norén A, Strömvall AM, Rauch S, Andersson-Sköld Y, Modin O, Karlfeldt Fedje K. The effects of electrochemical pretreatment and curing environment on strength and leaching of stabilized/solidified contaminated sediment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:5866-5880. [PMID: 38133763 PMCID: PMC10799133 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization and solidification (S/S) is known to improve the structural properties of sediment and reduce contaminant mobility, enabling the utilization of dredged contaminated sediment. Further reduction of contaminants (e.g., tributyltin (TBT) and metals) can be done using electrochemical treatment prior to S/S and could potentially minimize contaminant leaching. This is the first study on how electrochemical pretreatment affects the strength and leaching properties of stabilized sediments. It also investigates how salinity and organic carbon in the curing liquid affect the stabilized sediment.The results showed that the electrolysis reduced the content of TBT by 22% and zinc by 44% in the sediment. The electrolyzed stabilized samples met the requirements for compression strength and had a reduced surface leaching of zinc. Curing in saline water was beneficial for strength development and reduced the leaching of TBT compared to curing in fresh water. The results indicate that pretreatment prior to stabilization could be beneficial in reducing contaminant leaching and recovering metals from the sediment. The conclusion is that a better understanding of the changes in the sediment caused by electrochemical treatment and how these changes interact with stabilization reactions is needed. In addition, it is recommended to investigate the strength and leaching behavior in environments similar to the intended in situ conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Norén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastien Rauch
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Box 8072, 402 78, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Karlfeldt Fedje
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Recycling and Waste Management, Renova AB, Box 156, 401 22, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Järlskog I, Jaramillo-Vogel D, Rausch J, Gustafsson M, Strömvall AM, Andersson-Sköld Y. Concentrations of tire wear microplastics and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles in the road environment. Environ Int 2022; 170:107618. [PMID: 36356554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) are assumed to be one of the major sources of microplastic pollution to the environment. However, many of the previously published studies are based on theoretical estimations rather than field measurements. To increase the knowledge regarding actual environmental concentrations, samples were collected and analyzed from different matrices in a rural highway environment to characterize and quantify TWP and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles. The sampled matrices included road dust (from kerb and in-between wheeltracks), runoff (water and sediment), and air. In addition, airborne deposition was determined in a transect with increasing distance from the road. Two sieved size fractions (2-20 µm and 20-125 µm) were analyzed by automated Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) single particle analysis and classified with a machine learning algorithm into the following subclasses: TWP, bitumen wear particles (BiWP), road markings, reflecting glass beads, metals, minerals, and biogenic/organic particles. The relative particle number concentrations (%) showed that the runoff contained the highest proportion of TWP (up to 38 %). The share of TWP in kerb samples tended to be higher than BiWP. However, a seasonal increase of BiWP was observed in coarse (20-125 µm) kerb samples during winter, most likely reflecting studded tire use. The concentration of the particle subclasses within airborne PM80-1 decreases with increasing distance from the road, evidencing road traffic as the main emission source. The results confirm that road dust and the surrounding environment contain traffic-derived microplastics in both size fractions. The finer fraction (2-20 µm) dominated (by mass, volume, and number) in all sample matrices. These particles have a high potential to be transported in water and air far away from the source and can contribute to the inhalable particle fraction (PM10) in air. This highlights the importance of including also finer particle fractions in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Järlskog
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Juanita Rausch
- Particle Vision GmbH, Passage du Cardinal 13b, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mats Gustafsson
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Norén A, Lointier C, Modin O, Strömvall AM, Rauch S, Andersson-Sköld Y, Karlfeldt Fedje K. Removal of organotin compounds and metals from Swedish marine sediment using Fenton's reagent and electrochemical treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:27988-28004. [PMID: 34985631 PMCID: PMC8993779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal and tributyltin (TBT) contaminated sediments are problematic for sediment managers and the environment. This study is the first to compare Fenton's reagent and electrochemical treatment as remediation methods for the removal of TBT and metals using laboratory-scale experiments on contaminated dredged sediment. The costs and the applicability of the developed methods were also compared and discussed. Both methods removed > 98% TBT from TBT-spiked sediment samples, while Fenton's reagent removed 64% of the TBT and electrolysis 58% of the TBT from non-spiked samples. TBT in water phase was effectively degraded in both experiments on spiked water and in leachates during the treatment of the sediment. Positive correlations were observed between TBT removal and the added amount of hydrogen peroxide and current density. Both methods removed metals from the sediment, but Fenton's reagent was identified as the most potent option for effective removal of both metals and TBT, especially from highly metal-contaminated sediment. However, due to risks associated with the required chemicals and low pH level in the sediment residue following the Fenton treatment, electrochemical treatment could be a more sustainable option for treating larger quantities of contaminated sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Norén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Célia Lointier
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastien Rauch
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Box 8072, 402 78, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Geology and Geotechnics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Karlfeldt Fedje
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Recycling and Waste Management, Renova AB, Box 156, 401 22, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Svensson N, Norén A, Modin O, Karlfeldt Fedje K, Rauch S, Strömvall AM, Andersson-Sköld Y. Integrated cost and environmental impact assessment of management options for dredged sediment. Waste Manag 2022; 138:30-40. [PMID: 34847467 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of sediment must be dredged regularly to enable marine transport and trade. The sediments are often polluted, with e.g. metals, which limits the management options. The aim of this study has been to assess costs and environmental impacts (impact on climate, marine organisms, etc.) of different management options for polluted dredged sediment, by combining life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the climate impact, scoring of other environmental aspects and a cost evaluation. This approach has been used to study both traditional and new management alternatives for a real port case. The studied options include landfilling, deep-sea disposal, construction of a port area using a stabilization and solidification (S/S) method, and a combination of the aforementioned methods with the innovative option of metal recovery through sediment electrolysis. The LCA showed that deep-sea disposal had the lowest climate impact. The assessment of the other environmental impacts showed that the result varied depending on the pollution level and the time perspective used (short or long-term). Using sediment for construction had the highest climate impact, although other environmental impacts were comparably low. Electrolysis was found to be suitable for highly polluted sediments, as it left the sediment cleaner and enabled recovery of precious metals, however the costs were high. The results highlight the complexity of comparing different environmental impacts and the benefits of using integrated assessments to provide clarity, and to evaluate both the synergetic and counteracting effects associated with the investigated scenarios and may aid early-stage decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Svensson
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Malvinas väg 6, Stockholm SE-114 28, Sweden.
| | - Anna Norén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Karin Karlfeldt Fedje
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden; Recycling and Waste Management, Renova AB, Box 156, Gothenburg SE-401 22, Sweden
| | - Sebastien Rauch
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Malvinas väg 6, Stockholm SE-114 28, Sweden; Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Geology and geotechnics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
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Drenning P, Chowdhury S, Volchko Y, Rosén L, Andersson-Sköld Y, Norrman J. A risk management framework for Gentle Remediation Options (GRO). Sci Total Environ 2022; 802:149880. [PMID: 34525755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gentle Remediation Options (GRO) are remediation measures involving plants, fungi, bacteria, and soil amendments that can be applied to manage risks at contaminated sites. Several studies and decision-support tools promote the wider range of benefits provided by GRO, but there is still skepticism regarding GRO implementation. Key issues that need to be better communicated are the various risk mitigation mechanisms, the required risk reduction for an envisioned land use, and the time perspective associated with the risk mitigation mechanisms. To increase the viability and acceptance of GRO, the phytomanagement approach implies the combination of GRO with beneficial green land use, gradually reducing risks and restoring ecosystem services. To strengthen the decision basis for GRO implementation in practice, this paper proposes a framework for risk management and communication of GRO applications to support phytomanagement strategies at contaminated sites. The mapping of the risk mitigation mechanisms is done by an extensive literature review and the Swedish national soil guideline value model is used to derive the most relevant human health exposure pathways and ecological risks for generic green land use scenarios. Results indicate that most of the expected risk mitigation mechanisms are supported by literature, but that knowledge gaps still exist. The framework is demonstrated to support the identification of GRO options for the case study site given two envisioned land uses: biofuel park and allotment garden. A more easily understandable risk management framework, as proposed here, is expected to act as a communication tool to educate decision-makers, regulatory bodies and other stakeholders for better understanding of risk mitigation mechanisms and preliminary timeframes of various GRO, particularly in the early stages of a brownfield redevelopment project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Drenning
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Water & Environment West, COWI AB, 414 58 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Shaswati Chowdhury
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yevheniya Volchko
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Rosén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; National Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, 581 95 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jenny Norrman
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Järlskog I, Strömvall AM, Magnusson K, Galfi H, Björklund K, Polukarova M, Garção R, Markiewicz A, Aronsson M, Gustafsson M, Norin M, Blom L, Andersson-Sköld Y. Traffic-related microplastic particles, metals, and organic pollutants in an urban area under reconstruction. Sci Total Environ 2021; 774:145503. [PMID: 33609838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for urban pollutants, contributes significantly to a deteriorated water quality in receiving waters. This study was conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, metals, and MP on roads and in stormwater from an urban area under reconstruction. Correlations between the various pollutants were also explored. The study was carried out by collecting washwater and sweepsand generated from street sweeping, road surface sampling, and flow-proportional stormwater sampling on several occasions. The liquid and solid samples were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, and MP. The occurrence of OP was also analyzed with a non-target screening method of selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) and bitumen, were analyzed with a method based on density separation with sodium iodide and identification with a stereo microscope, melt-tests, and tactile identification. MP concentrations amounted to 1500 particles/L in stormwater, 51,000 particles/L in washwater, and 2.6 × 106 particles/kg dw in sweepsand. In stormwater, washwater and sweepsand, MP ≥20 μm were found to be dominated by TWP (38%, 83% and 78%, respectively). The results confirm traffic as an important source to MP, OP, and metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding water and sediment quality guidelines for metals (e.g. Cu and Zn), PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C16-C35 fraction were found in most samples. The results show that the street sweeper collects large amounts of polluted materials and thereby prevents further spread of the pollutants to the receiving stormwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Järlskog
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Magnusson
- IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Kristineberg, SE-451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Helén Galfi
- Sustainable Waste and Water, City of Gothenburg, SE-424 23 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Björklund
- Kerr Wood Leidal Associates Ltd., 200 - 4185A Still Creek Drive Burnaby, British Columbia V5C 6G9, Canada
| | - Maria Polukarova
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rita Garção
- Engineering and Sustainability, NCC Infrastructure, NCC, SE-405 14 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Markiewicz
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Aronsson
- Urban Transport Administration, City of Gothenburg, SE-403 16 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Gustafsson
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Norin
- Engineering and Sustainability, NCC Infrastructure, NCC, SE-405 14 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Blom
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Sustainable Waste and Water, City of Gothenburg, SE-424 23 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Norén A, Karlfeldt Fedje K, Strömvall AM, Rauch S, Andersson-Sköld Y. Low impact leaching agents as remediation media for organotin and metal contaminated sediments. J Environ Manage 2021; 282:111906. [PMID: 33472101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
All over the world, elevated levels of metals and the toxic compound tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products are found in sediments, especially close to areas associated with shipping and anthropogenic activities. Ports require regular removal of sediments. As a result, large volumes of often contaminated sediments must be managed. The aim of this study was to investigate enhanced leaching as a treatment method for organotin (TBT) and metal (Cu and Zn) contaminated marine sediments. Thus, enabling the possibility to reuse these cleaner masses e.g. in construction. In addition to using acid and alkaline leaching agents that extract the OTs and metals but reduce the management options post treatment, innovative alternatives such as EDDS, hydroxypropyl cellulose, humic acid, iron colloids, ultra-pure Milli-Q water, saponified tall oil ("soap"), and NaCl were tested. Organotin removal ranged from 36 to 75%, where the most efficient leaching agent was Milli-Q water, which was also the leaching agent achieving the highest removal rate for TBT (46%), followed by soap (34%). The TBT reduction accomplished by Milli-Q water and soap leaching enabled a change in Swedish sediment classification from the highest class to the second highest class. The highest reduction of Zn was in HPC leached samples (39% removal) and Cu in EDDS leached samples (33% removal). Although high metal and OT leaching were achieved, none of the investigated leaching agents are sufficiently effective for the removal of both metals and OTs. The results of this study indicate that leaching with ultra-clean water, such as Milli-Q water, may be sufficient to treat TBT contaminated sediments and potentially allow mass reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Norén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin Karlfeldt Fedje
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden; Recycling and Waste Management, Renova AB, Box 156, SE-401 22, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastien Rauch
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Box 8072, SE-402 78, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Geology and Geotechnics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Järlskog I, Strömvall AM, Magnusson K, Gustafsson M, Polukarova M, Galfi H, Aronsson M, Andersson-Sköld Y. Occurrence of tire and bitumen wear microplastics on urban streets and in sweepsand and washwater. Sci Total Environ 2020; 729:138950. [PMID: 32371211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tire and road wear particles have been identified as a potential major source of microplastics in the environment. However, more knowledge of the emissions and their further fate in the environment is needed, and the effectiveness and benefits of potential measures must be investigated to support future risk management efforts. Here the concentrations of tire and bitumen microplastic particles (TBMP) on roads and in nearby in stormwater, sweepsand and washwater were measured for the first time within the same area and time period. The analysis also included plastic, paint and fiber particles. Road dust was sampled on the road surface using a wet dust sampler, before and after street sweeping on two occasions. On each of these occasions, and several occasions during a four-month period with frequent street sweeping, sweepsand and washwater, as well as flow-weighted sampling of stormwater, were collected. TBMP concentrations were operationally defined, using density separation for some samples, followed by analysis by stereo microscopy. Sodium iodide (NaI) was found to be effective for density separation of TBMP. The largest proportion of anthropogenic microplastics detected consisted of tire tread wear and bitumen. The number of TBMP ≥100 μm in the WDS samples was up to 2561 particles/L. Sweepsand and washwater contained high amounts of TBMP ≥100 μm, up to 2170 particles/kg dw and 4500 particles/L, respectively. The results show that the sweeper collects considerable amounts of TBMP, and thus weekly sweeping might prevent further transport of TBMP to the receiving stormwater. In stormwater the number of particles ≥100 μm was up to 3 particles/L and ≥ 20 μm was up to 5900 particles/L showing the importance of analysing smaller microparticle sizes than 100 μm in all samples in future studies. This study also confirms that there is a substantial volume of TBMP generated from traffic that enters the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Järlskog
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Magnusson
- IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Kristineberg, SE-451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Mats Gustafsson
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Polukarova
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helen Galfi
- Sustainable Waste and Water, City of Gothenburg, SE-424 23, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Aronsson
- Urban Transport Administration, City of Gothenburg, SE-403 16, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Norén A, Karlfeldt Fedje K, Strömvall AM, Rauch S, Andersson-Sköld Y. Integrated assessment of management strategies for metal-contaminated dredged sediments - What are the best approaches for ports, marinas and waterways? Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:135510. [PMID: 31837871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediments in ports, marinas and waterways around the world are often contaminated with metals arising from anthropogenic activities. Regular dredging is needed to achieve an appropriate water depth and reduce the environmental impact of pollutants. The aim of this study was to develop an integrated assessment method for comparing various management strategies for dredged sediments at six case study sites in Sweden. Short- and long-term environmental impacts were investigated for different management approaches, including landfilling, deep-sea disposal, metal extraction in combination with the two aforementioned, and natural recovery (no dredging). The potential value of metals in the sediments was estimated using sediment metal contents and current metal prices. Additionally, an assessment of how metal extraction could result in lower management costs was carried out. The cost of the different management approaches was calculated and evaluated together with the corresponding environmental impacts. This study shows that there is a monetary value in dredged materials, in terms of metal content, and that the materials can potentially be used for metal extraction. Metal extraction may also help to reduce the management costs, as cleaner materials are cheaper to handle. The choice of metal recovery method is important in both monetary and environmental terms, potentially contributing to a circular economy. In the future, metal recovery may become more profitable, as technologies are improved, and due to probable increases in metal prices and landfill costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Norén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin Karlfeldt Fedje
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Recycling and Waste Management, Renova AB, Box 156, SE-401 22 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastien Rauch
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Box 8072, SE-402 78 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Jarsjö J, Andersson-Sköld Y, Fröberg M, Pietroń J, Borgström R, Löv Å, Kleja DB. Projecting impacts of climate change on metal mobilization at contaminated sites: Controls by the groundwater level. Sci Total Environ 2020; 712:135560. [PMID: 32050393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal and metalloid contamination of topsoils from atmospheric deposition and release from landfills, agriculture, and industries is a widespread problem that is estimated to affect >50% of the EU's land surface. Influx of contaminants from soil to groundwater and their further downstream spread and impact on drinking water quality constitute a main exposure risk to humans. There is increasing concern that the present contaminant loading of groundwater and surface water systems may be altered, and potentially aggravated, by ongoing climate change, through large-scale impacts on recharge and groundwater levels. We investigated this issue by performing hydrogeological-geochemical model projections of changes in metal(loid) (As and Pb) mobilization in response to possible (climate-driven) future shifts in groundwater level and fluctuation amplitudes. We used observed initial conditions and boundary conditions for contaminated soils in the temperate climate zone. The results showed that relatively modest increases (0.2 m) in average levels of shallow groundwater systems, which may occur in Northern Europe within the coming two decades, can increase mass flows of metals through groundwater by a factor of 2-10. There is a similar risk of increased metal mobilization in regions subject to increased (seasonal or event-scale) amplitude of groundwater levels fluctuations. Neglecting groundwater level dynamics in predictive models can thus lead to considerable and systematic underestimation of metal mobilization and future changes. More generally, our results suggest that the key to quantifying impacts of climate change on metal mobilization is to understand how the contact between groundwater and the highly water-conducting and geochemically heterogeneous topsoil layers will change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerker Jarsjö
- Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Environmental Department, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Box 8072, SE-402 78 Gothenburg, Sweden; Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Fröberg
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Pietroń
- Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Åsa Löv
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sand E, Konarska J, Howe AW, Andersson-Sköld Y, Moldan F, Pleijel H, Uddling J. Effects of ground surface permeability on the growth of urban linden trees. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Andersson-Sköld Y, Klingberg J, Gunnarsson B, Cullinane K, Gustafsson I, Hedblom M, Knez I, Lindberg F, Ode Sang Å, Pleijel H, Thorsson P, Thorsson S. A framework for assessing urban greenery's effects and valuing its ecosystem services. J Environ Manage 2018; 205:274-285. [PMID: 29020655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing urban exploitation is increasing pressure to transform urban green spaces, while there is increasing awareness that greenery provides a range of important benefits to city residents. In efforts to help resolve associated problems we have developed a framework for integrated assessments of ecosystem service (ES) benefits and values provided by urban greenery, based on the ecosystem service cascade model. The aim is to provide a method for assessing the contribution to, and valuing, multiple ES provided by urban greenery that can be readily applied in routine planning processes. The framework is unique as it recognizes that an urban greenery comprises several components and functions that can contribute to multiple ecosystem services in one or more ways via different functional traits (e.g. foliage characteristics) for which readily measured indicators have been identified. The framework consists of five steps including compilation of an inventory of indicator; application of effectivity factors to rate indicators' effectiveness; estimation of effects; estimation of benefits for each ES; estimation of the total ES value of the ecosystem. The framework was applied to assess ecosystem services provided by trees, shrubs, herbs, birds, and bees, in green areas spanning an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden. Estimates of perceived values of ecosystem services were obtained from interviews with the public and workshop activities with civil servants. The framework is systematic and transparent at all stages and appears to have potential utility in the existing spatial planning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jenny Klingberg
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Gunnarsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kevin Cullinane
- School of Business Economics and Law, Box 610, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ingela Gustafsson
- City of Gothenburg, Parks and Landscape Administration, Box 177, 401 22 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Hedblom
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Landscape Analysis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Knez
- Department of Social Work and Psychology, Högskolan i Gävle, SE 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lindberg
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Ode Sang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 66, SE 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Pontus Thorsson
- Division of Applied Acoustics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Thorsson
- Urban Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Andersson-Sköld Y, Bardos P, Chalot M, Bert V, Crutu G, Phanthavongsa P, Delplanque M, Track T, Cundy AB. Developing and validating a practical decision support tool (DST) for biomass selection on marginal land. J Environ Manage 2014; 145:113-121. [PMID: 25014888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marginal, often contaminated, sites exist in large areas across the world as a result of historic activities such as industry, transportation and mineral extraction. Remediation, or other improvements, of these sites is typically only considered for sites with high exploitation pressure and those posing the highest risks to human health or the environment. At the same time there is increasing competition for land resources for different needs such as biofuel production. Potentially some of this land requirement could be met by production of biomass on brownfield or other marginal land, thereby improving the land while applying the crop cultivation as part of an integrated management strategy. The design and decision making for such a strategy will be site specific. A decision support framework, the Rejuvenate DST (decision support tool) has been developed with the aim of supporting such site specific decision making. This tool is presented here, and has been tested by applying it to a number of case study sites. The consequent SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities and threats) analysis is discussed and evaluated. The DST was found to be systematic, transparent, and applicable for diverse sites in France, Romania and Sweden, in addition to the sites to which it was applied through its development. The DST is regarded as especially useful if applied as a checklist in an iterative way throughout the decision process, from identifying potential crops to identifying knowledge gaps, working/non-working management strategies and potential risks. The DST also provides a structure promoting effective stakeholder engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Andersson-Sköld
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Earth Sciences, PO Box 460, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; COWI AB, PO Box 12076, SE-402 41 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - P Bardos
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK; r3 Environmental Technology Ltd, Room 120, Soil Research Centre, Russell Building, PO Box 233, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DW, UK
| | - M Chalot
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR6249, Laboratoire « Chrono-Environnement », 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25 211 Montbéliard, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences & Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - V Bert
- INERIS, Clean and Sustainable Technologies and Processes Unit, DRC/RISK, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - G Crutu
- R&D National Institute for Metals and Radioactive Resources (INCDMRR-ICPMRR), 70 Carol I Blvd, sector 2, 020917 Bucharest, Romania
| | - P Phanthavongsa
- Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences & Technologies, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - M Delplanque
- INERIS, Clean and Sustainable Technologies and Processes Unit, DRC/RISK, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - T Track
- DECHEMA e. V. Chemische Technik Forschungsförderung und Tagungen Theodor-Heuss-Allee, 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A B Cundy
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Bardos RP, Bone B, Andersson-Sköld Y, Suer P, Track T, Wagelmans M. Crop-based systems for sustainable risk-based land management for economically marginal damaged land. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.20297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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