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Gao M, Guo B, Zou X, Guo H, Yao Y, Chen Y, Guo J, Liu Y. Mechanisms of anammox granular sludge reactor effluent as biostimulant: Shaping microenvironment for anammox metabolism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130962. [PMID: 38876278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Effluent from anammox granular sludge (AnGS) bioreactor contains microbes and microbial products. This study explored mechanisms of utilizing AnGS-effluent as biostimulant for anammox process enhancement. Compared with no AnGS-effluent supplemented control reactor, 5.0 and 1.3 times higher ammonium nitrogen and total inorganic nitrogen removal rates, respectively were obtained with continuous AnGS-effluent supplementation after 98 days' operation. Anammox bacteria from Candidatus Brocadia accounted for 0.1 % (DNA level) and 1.3 %-1.5 % (RNA level) in control reactor, and 2.9 % (DNA level) and 54.5 %-55.4 % (RNA level) in the AnGS-effluent-fed reactor. Influent microbial immigration evaluation showed that bacterial immigration via AnGS-effluent supplementation was not the main contributor to active anammox community development. Amino acids biosynthesis, B-vitamins and coenzymes metabolism related pathways were facilitated by AnGS-effluent supplementation. AnGS-effluent supplementation aided anammox metabolic activity by shaping microenvironment and microbial interactions. This study provides insights into enhancing anammox bacterial metabolism with AnGS-effluent microbial products as biostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Gao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Bing Guo
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Xin Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hengbo Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yiduo Yao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Youpeng Chen
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4001, Queensland, Australia.
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2
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Derwis D, Al-Hazmi HE, Majtacz J, Ciesielski S, Mąkinia J. Enhancing nitrogen removal in the partial denitrification/anammox processes for SO 4- - Rich wastewater treatment: Insights into autotrophic and mixotrophic strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120908. [PMID: 38631168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of partial denitrification/anammox (PD/anammox) processes was conducted under autotrophic (N-S cycle) and mixotrophic (N-S-C cycle) conditions over 180 days. Key findings revealed the remarkable capability of SO42--dependent systems to produce NO2- effectively, supporting anaerobic NH4+ oxidation. Additionally, SO42- served as an additional electron acceptor in sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation (SRAO). Increasing influent SO42- concentrations notably improved ammonia utilization rates (AUR) and NH4+ and total nitrogen (TN) utilization efficiencies, peaking at 57% for SBR1 and nearly 100% for SBR2. Stoichiometric analysis showed a 7.5-fold increase in AUR (SRAO and anammox) in SBR1 following SO42- supplementation. However, the analysis for SBR2 indicated a shift towards SRAO and mixotrophic denitrification, with anammox disappearing entirely by the end of the study. Comparative assessments between SBR1 and SBR2 emphasized the impact of organic compounds (CH3COONa) on transformations within the N-S-C cycle. SBR1 performance primarily involved anammox, SRAO and other SO42- utilization pathways, with minimal S-dependent autotrophic denitrification (SDAD) involvement. In contrast, SBR2 performance encompassed SRAO, mixotrophic denitrification, and other pathways for SO42- production. The SRAO process involved two dominant genera, such as Candidatus Brocadia and PHOS-HE36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Derwis
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Joanna Majtacz
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Ciesielski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland.
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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3
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Zhao N, Qiu Y, Qu Z, Li J. Response of marine anammox bacteria to long-term hydroxylamine stress: Nitrogen removal performance and microbial community dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130159. [PMID: 38070580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The response of anammox bacteria to hydroxylamine has not been well explained. Herein, hydroxylamine was long-term added as the sole substrate to marine anammox bacteria (MAB) in saline wastewater treatment for the first time. MAB could tolerate 5 mg/L hydroxylamine. However, MAB activity was inhibited by the high dose of hydroxylamine (40 mg/L), and hydroxylamine removal efficiency was only 3 %. Remarkably, when hydroxylamine reached 20 mg/L, ammonium was produced the most at 2.88 mg/L, mainly by the hydroxylamine and hydrazine disproportionations. Besides, the relative abundance of Candidatus Scalindua decreased from 4.6 % to 0.6 % as the hydroxylamine increased from 0 to 40 mg/L. MAB secreted more extracellular polymeric substances to resist hydroxylamine stress. However, long-term hydroxylamine loading led to the disintegration of MAB granules. This work shed light on the response of MAB to hydroxylamine in saline wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaopeng Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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4
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Li X, Feng Y, Zhang K, Zhou J, Sun J, Rong K, Liu S. Composite carrier enhanced bacterial adhesion and nitrogen removal in partial nitrification/anammox process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161659. [PMID: 36657689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid start-up and stable operation of one-stage (Partial nitrification/anammox) PN/A process for low-ammonium wastewater are difficult to be achieved, and many carriers are designed to solve this problem. Here, a composite carrier was developed, in which sepiolite and non-woven fabrics were assembled in polypropylene spherical shells. At the start-up phase, PA reactor using the composite carriers reached a higher nitrogen removal rate of 134.50 ± 19.60 mg·N·L-1d-1, in contrast to that of 48.85 ± 19.64 mg·N·L-1d-1 in the PB reactor without sepiolite carriers. When the final influent ammonium concentration of PN/A process is 100 mg/L, the total nitrogen removal efficiency can reach 72 ± 0.03 %. High biomass immobilization ability of composite carrier was evidenced by the greater adsorption trend between sludge and sepiolite than that between sludge and non-woven fabrics, where hydrophobic interaction and Van der Waals interaction played a major role. Extracellular protein (PN) content and the ratio of PN and extracellular polysaccharide of samples in PA were significantly higher than those in PB, verifying higher biofilm formation ability on the composite carrier. The composite carrier also increased the abundance of dominant bacteria in PN/A process, especially AOB, the relative abundance of which reached 46.11 %. And it increased the abundance of essential functional genes for nitrogen conversion as their perfect acid neutralizing effects. This study is of great significance in improving the start-up speed and stable operation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjue Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiming Feng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianhang Zhou
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingqi Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaiyu Rong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China.
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Qiao X, Zhang L, Qiu Z, Wang L, Wu Y, Deng C, Su J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li B, Zhou L, Ma AYW, Zhuang WQ, Yu K. Specific Denitrifying and Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Bacteria Assisted the Recovery of Anammox Community From Nitrite Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:781156. [PMID: 35126327 PMCID: PMC8811301 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) by autotrophic anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) is a biological process used to remove reactive nitrogen from wastewater. It has been repeatedly reported that elevated nitrite concentrations can severely inhibit the growth of AnAOB, which renders the anammox process challenging for industrial-scale applications. Both denitrifying (DN) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) bacteria can potentially consume excess nitrite in an anammox system to prevent its inhibitory effect on AnAOB. However, metabolic interactions among DN, DNRA, and AnAOB bacteria under elevated nitrite conditions remain to be elucidated at metabolic resolutions. In this study, a laboratory-scale anammox bioreactor was used to conduct an investigation of the microbial shift and functional interactions of AnAOB, DN, and DNRA bacteria during a long-term nitrite inhibition to eventual self-recovery episode. The relative abundance of AnAOB first decreased due to high nitrite concentration, which lowered the system’s nitrogen removal efficiency, but then recovered automatically without any external interference. Based on the relative abundance variations of genomes in the inhibition, adaptation, and recovery periods, we found that DN and DNRA bacteria could be divided into three niche groups: type I (types Ia and Ib) that includes mainly DN bacteria and type II and type III that include primarily DNRA bacteria. Type Ia and type II bacteria outcompeted other bacteria in the inhibition and adaptation periods, respectively. They were recognized as potential nitrite scavengers at high nitrite concentrations, contributing to stabilizing the nitrite concentration and the eventual recovery of the anammox system. These findings shed light on the potential engineering solutions to maintain a robust and efficient industrial-scale anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Qiao
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyu Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiguang Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunfang Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Su
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- Laboratory of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reutilization Engineering, Shenzhen Water Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anthony Y. W. Ma
- Green Living and Innovation Division, Hong Kong Productivity Council, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei-Qin Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ke Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Yu, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-5039-6056
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Huang T, Zhao J, Hu B, Zhao J, Yuan C. Effective restoration of partial nitritation and anammox biofilm process by short-term hydroxylamine dosing: Mechanism and microbial interaction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125910. [PMID: 34523549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The one-stage partial nitritation and anammox (PN-A) process frequently experiences deterioration from ammonium accumulation and nitrate build-up. In this study, hydroxylamine was dosed to restore the process from deterioration in a continuously aerated PN-A sequencing biofilm batch reactor, and the impact of hydroxylamine on the metabolism of PN-A process was studied. PN-A process was totally restored in 5 days via 10 mg N·L-1 hydroxylamine dosing, reducing nitrate-produced/ammonium-removed ratio from 28.5% to less than 11.0%. hydroxylamine dosing promoted biological production of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide and reduced the production of nitrate in the PN-A process. This study advanced the understanding of the metabolism versatility of hydroxylamine and nitric oxide as well as their function in interaction between aerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, and proposed the potential application of hydroxylamine dosing in ammonium-contained wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- School of water and environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junkai Zhao
- School of water and environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunbo Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Huang T, Zhao J, Wang S, Lei L. Fast start-up and enhancement of partial nitritation and anammox process for treating synthetic wastewater in a sequencing bath biofilm reactor: Strategy and function of nitric oxide. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125225. [PMID: 34020874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the partial nitritation and anammox (PN-A) process was initiated within 30 days in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) by employing pre non-aeration and post non-aeration with fixed aeration rates. The average ammonia removal efficiency (ARE), total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) of 98.5 ± 1.5% and 89.5 ± 1.6% were achieved. By doubling aeration rate and agitation rate and adopting pre non-aeration, the TNRR was promoted from 0.135 ± 0.013 kg N·m-3·d-1 to 0.285 ± 0.015 kg N·m-3·d-1, obtaining an average ARE and TNRE of 97.5 ± 1.5% and 85.5 ± 2.6%. Nitric oxide might induce anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) during the start-up stage, and could be an indicator for synergetic state between ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) and AnAOB. Lower nitrous oxide emission factor of 0.51% was obtained. The abundance of AOB, AnAOB and nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) accounted for 1.6%, 19.3% and 0.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Sha Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Lei
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
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8
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Zekker I, Raudkivi M, Artemchuk O, Rikmann E, Priks H, Jaagura M, Tenno T. Mainstream-sidestream wastewater switching promotes anammox nitrogen removal rate in organic-rich, low-temperature streams. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3073-3082. [PMID: 31973688 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1721566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main issues with mainstream anammox application are loss of bacterial activity by low temperatures and by a high organic content of wastewater. We demonstrate a novel switching method between sidestream and mainstream wastewater. The wastewater flow was switched between sidestream (reject water at >22°C) and mainstream (municipal wastewater at 16.5°C), so that the anammox biomass activity and biomass growth could benefit from sidestream conditions. Real sidestream wastewater (biogas plant effluent) (≈1000 mg NH+ 4-N L-1) and synthetic mainstream (municipal wastewater-like source) (≈100 mg NH+ 4-N) wastewater were used for 20 L biofilm reactor feeding. The highest total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) of 527 g N m-3 d-1 (average TNRR 180 (±140) g N m-3 d-1) was achieved with sidestream wastewater at a low chemical oxygen demand (COD)/TN ratio of 1.1/1. For reactor feeding with mainstream, the highest TNRR achieved was 61 g N m-3 d-1. Average TNRR for mainstream of 20 (±15) g N m-3 d-1 was low due to a higher COD/N ratio of 3.2/1. The highest TNRR in a batch test was achieved at the COD concentration of 480 mg L-1, reflecting a TNRR of ≈5 mg N g-1 TSS h-1. With a high COD concentration of 2600 mg L-1 (TOC/TN = 8/1), TNRR decreased similarly in both feeds to 1.6 mg N g-1 TSS h-1. The anammox microorganism's genus Candidatus Brocadia enrichment in deammonification biofilm reactor was higher in the mainstream operation (7.6% of all bacteria) than in sidestream operation period (<0.7% of all bacteria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Zekker
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Oleg Artemchuk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ergo Rikmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Priks
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Taavo Tenno
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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9
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Li Q, Chen J, Liu GH, Xu X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Yuan J, Li Y, Qi L, Wang H. Effects of biotin on promoting anammox bacterial activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2038. [PMID: 33479480 PMCID: PMC7820308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria significantly improve the efficiency and reduce cost of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants. However, their slow growth and vulnerable activity limit the application of anammox technology. In this paper, the enhancement of biotin on the nitrogen removal activity of anammox bacteria in short-term batch experiments was studied. We found that biotin played a significant role in promoting anammox activity within a biotin concentration range of 0.1-1.5 mg/L. At a biotin concentration of 1.0 mg/L, the total nitrogen removal rate (NRR) increased by 112%, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion and heme production significantly improved, and anammox bacterial biomass increased to maximum levels. Moreover, the predominant genus of anammox bacteria was Candidatus Brocadia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Li
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Xianglong Xu
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Junli Yuan
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yinghao Li
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
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10
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Performance of Anammox Processes for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review on Effects of Operational Conditions and Environmental Stresses. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is well-known as a low-energy consuming and eco-friendly technology for treating nitrogen-rich wastewater. Although the anammox reaction was widely investigated in terms of its application in many wastewater treatment processes, practical anammox application at the pilot and industrial scales is limited because nitrogen removal efficiency and anammox activity are dependent on many operational factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, nitrogen loading, and organic matter content. In practical application, anammox bacteria are possibly vulnerable to non-essential compounds such as sulfides, toxic metal elements, alcohols, phenols, and antibiotics that are potential inhibitors owing to the complexity of the wastewater stream. This review systematically summarizes up-to-date studies on the effect of various operational factors on nitrogen removal performance along with reactor type, mode of operation (batch or continuous), and cultured anammox bacterial species. The effect of potential anammox inhibition factors such as high nitrite concentration, high salinity, sulfides, toxic metal elements, and toxic organic compounds is listed with a thorough interpretation of the synergistic and antagonistic toxicity of these inhibitors. Finally, the strategy for optimization of anammox processes for wastewater treatment is suggested, and the importance of future studies on anammox applications is indicated.
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11
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Tang J, Wang XC, Hu Y, Pu Y, Huang J, Ngo HH, Zeng Y, Li Y. Nutrients removal performance and sludge properties using anaerobic fermentation slurry from food waste as an external carbon source for wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:125-135. [PMID: 30265952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of nitrogen and phosphate removal using thermophilic fermentation slurry from food waste (FSFW) as external carbon source was investigated. Based on the batch tests, the soluble and particulate fractions of the FSFW acted as easily and slowly biodegradable carbon sources, respectively, and the fermented slurry showed the combined nutrients removal properties of soluble and solid organics. During the long-term operation of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with FSFW for wastewater treatment, the sludge particle size increased obviously, the bacterial metabolic capacity improved significantly, and some functional microorganisms were enriched selectively, which significantly promoted the nitrogen removal efficiency (approximately 90%) by enhancing the anoxic denitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) processes. Moreover, high phosphate removal efficiency (above 98%) was achieved through the aerobic and anoxic phosphate accumulation processes. Thus, using the FSFW as supplementary carbon source is a suitable solution for both food waste disposal and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yisong Hu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yunhui Pu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yonggang Zeng
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yuyou Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 9808579, Japan
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12
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Ye L, Li D, Zhang J, Zeng H. Fast start-up of anammox process with mixed activated sludge and settling option. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:3088-3095. [PMID: 28859547 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1375016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, successful start-up of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was achieved by seeding mixed activated sludge which included aerobic sludge, anaerobic sludge, simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) sludge, and anammox sludge with low activity at a 2200:2100:5:2 volume ratio. On day 15, the effective anammox activity was attained in SBR, with the specific total nitrogen removal rate (SRR) of 0.214 gNg-1 VSSd-1. The total nitrogen removal rate (NRR) increased to 230 gNm-3 d-1 by gradually reducing the setting time to 10 min. With the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) up to 506 gNm-3 d-1, the total NRR of the SBR reached 433 gNm-3 d-1 during stationary phase. Candidatus Brocadia was detected as predominant functional microbes in the anammox SBR. The results demonstrated the feasibility of seeding mixed activated sludge to start-up an anammox SBR by settling option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Ye
- a Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- a Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- b State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Zeng
- a Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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13
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Xu X, Liu GH, Fan Q, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Qi L, Wang H. Effects of gibberellin on the activity of anammox bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 225:104-111. [PMID: 30075303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of gibberellin (GA) on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox) bacteria in short-term batch experiments(500 mL serum bottle) was studied in this paper. To make sure the accuracy of the data, each experiment group was conducted some statistical analysis. The results showed that GA played an important role in improving anammox activity when the GA dosage ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 mg L-1, and the total nitrogen removal rate (NRR) was increased by 34% when the GA dosage was 1 mg L-1. The monitoring results of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and biomass of anammox bacteria indicated that GA addition improved the secretion of EPS and the biomass increasing, whose amount achieved maximum under the GA dose of 1 mg L-1. Compared to the control test, the maximum improvement ratio of the EPS and biomass was 28.6% and 34%, respectively. In addition, the cloning results also indicated that the anammox bacterial community structure shifted in species level of Candidatus Brocadia genus during the experiment, and the most dominant anammox bacteria were Candidatus Brocadia fulgid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Xu
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Qiang Fan
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuankai Zhang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Hangcheng Jiang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lu Qi
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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14
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Yan LKQ, Fung KY, Ng KM. Aerobic sludge granulation for simultaneous anaerobic decolorization and aerobic aromatic amines mineralization for azo dye wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:1368-1375. [PMID: 28488938 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1329354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the capability of using aerobic granules to undergo simultaneous anaerobic decolorization and aerobic aromatic amines degradation was demonstrated for azo dye wastewater treatment. An integrated acclimation-granulation process was devised, with Mordant Orange 1 as the model pollutant. Performance tests were carried out in a batch column reactor to evaluate the effect of various operating parameters. The optimal condition was to use 1.0-1.7 mm (1.51 ± 0.33 mm) granules, 5 g/L biomass, and 4000 mg/L organics as nutrient; and supplement the wastewater with 1 mg/L dissolved oxygen. This led to a dye mineralization of 61 ± 2%, an anaerobic dye removal of 88 ± 1%, and an aerobic aromatic amines removal of 70 ± 3% within 48 h. This study showed that simultaneous anaerobic/aerobic process by aerobic granules could be a possible alternative to the conventional activated sludge process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence K Q Yan
- a Bioengineering Program , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong
| | - Ka Y Fung
- b Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong
| | - Ka M Ng
- b Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong
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15
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Wang J, Rong H, Zhang C. Evaluation of the impact of dissolved oxygen concentration on biofilm microbial community in sequencing batch biofilm reactor. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:532-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Nikolaev Y, Kallistova A, Kevbrina M, Dorofeev A, Agarev A, Mardanov A, Ravin N, Kozlov M, Pimenov N. Novel design and optimisation of a nitritation/anammox set-up for ammonium removal from filtrate of digested sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:593-606. [PMID: 28303746 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1308442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the anammox process is extensively applied for the treatment of NH4-rich wastewater, new technical solutions overcoming the operational difficulties remain an important task. An innovative design of anammox-based set-up was employed to improve sludge settling under high ammonium load. The set-up included a completely mixed bioreactor with suspended and immobilised activated sludge. To prevent sludge flotation, recycled suspended sludge was additionally treated in an aerated tank at dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 1.5 ± 0.2 mg/l followed by processing in a flow-homogeniser. Introduction of these elements resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE). The bioreactor achieved maximal TNRE of 86% corresponding to total nitrogen removal rate of 0.77 kg N/m3/d under defined optimal conditions: temperature of 35 ± 2°C, DO of 0.6 ± 0.2 mg/l, hydraulic retention time of 12 h, and dose of suspended sludge of 1.5 ± 0.1 g total suspended solids (TSS)/l. A weakly attached sludge was first described as a technologically important factor. Suspended, weakly and firmly attached sludge exhibited the highest heterotrophic, nitrifying, and anammox activities, respectively. New probes were constructed to detect anammox bacteria by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Probe for Candidatus 'Jettenia' could be recommended for widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Nikolaev
- a Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Division of Engineering and Technology Centre , JSC Mosvodokanal , Moscow , Russia
| | - Anna Kallistova
- b Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology , The Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Marina Kevbrina
- a Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Division of Engineering and Technology Centre , JSC Mosvodokanal , Moscow , Russia
| | - Alexander Dorofeev
- a Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Division of Engineering and Technology Centre , JSC Mosvodokanal , Moscow , Russia
| | - Anton Agarev
- a Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Division of Engineering and Technology Centre , JSC Mosvodokanal , Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrey Mardanov
- c Centre 'Bioengineering' , The Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Nikolay Ravin
- c Centre 'Bioengineering' , The Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Michail Kozlov
- a Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Division of Engineering and Technology Centre , JSC Mosvodokanal , Moscow , Russia
| | - Nikolay Pimenov
- b Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology , The Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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17
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Wang J, Ding L, Li K, Huang H, Hu H, Geng J, Xu K, Ren H. Estimation of spatial distribution of quorum sensing signaling in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) biofilms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:405-414. [PMID: 28858750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) signaling, plays a significant role in regulating formation of biofilms in the nature; however, little information about the occurrence and distribution of quorum sensing molecular in the biofilm of carriers has been reported. In this study, distribution of QS signaling molecules (the acylated homoserine lactones-AHLs, and AI-2), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the mechanical properties in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) biofilms have been investigated. Using increased centrifugal force, the biofilms were detached into different fractions. The AHLs ranged from 5.2ng/g to 98.3ng/g in different fractions of biofilms, and N-decanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) and N-dodecanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) in the biofilms obtained at various centrifugal forces displayed significant differences (p<0.01). Interspecies communication signal autoinducer-2(AI-2) in the biofilms ranged from 79.2ng/g to 98.3ng/g. Soluble EPS and loosely bound EPS content in the different fractions of biofilms displayed significant positive relationship with the distribution of C12-HSL (r=0.86, p<0.05). Furthermore, 49.62% of bacteria in the biofilms were positively related with AHLs with 22.76% was significantly positively (p<0.05) related with AHLs. Biofilm adhesion and compliance was the strongest in the tightly-bound biofilm, the weakest in the supernatant/surface biofilm, which was in accordance with the distribution of C12 HSL(r=0.77, p<0.05) and C10-HSL(r=0.75, p<0.05), respectively. This study addressed on better understanding of possible methods for the improvement of wastewater bio-treatment through biofilm application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lili Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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18
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Lu YF, Ma LJ, Ma L, Shan B, Chang JJ. Improvement of start-up and nitrogen removal of the anammox process in reactors inoculated with conventional activated sludge using biofilm carrier materials. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:59-67. [PMID: 28278777 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1294624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The start-up of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in three up-flow column reactors seeded with common mixed activated sludge and added with three materials, sponge (R1), sponge + volcanic rock (R2) and sponge + charcoal (R3), as carriers for biofilm formation were comparatively investigated in this study. The supplement of volcanic rock and charcoal could significantly shorten the start-up time of the anammox process, which primarily occurred in the activity-enhanced phase, with ammonium and nitrite removal efficiencies stabilized above 92.5% and 93.4% after an operation period of 145, 105 and 121 d for R1, R2 and R3, respectively. After the successful anammox start-up, R2 performed significantly better in TN removal (p < .05), achieving an average rate of 91.0% and 191.5 g N m-3 d-1 compared to R1 of 88.4% and 172.1 g N m-3 d-1, and R3 of 89.9% and 180.1 g N m-3 d-1 in the steady running phase. The ratios of consumed [Formula: see text] and generated [Formula: see text]/consumed [Formula: see text] after anammox start-up were lower than the theoretical values, probably suggesting the simultaneous existences of anammox, denitrification as well as nitrification processes in the reactors. A reddish brown biofilm was wrapped on the carriers and morphological detection of biofilm displayed the presentations of thick and compact floc aggregates and some filamentous bacteria on the sponge, and spherical-, ovoid- and shortrod-shaped microorganisms on the volcanic rock and charcoal. Using porous material as carrier for biofilm development is an effective strategy for practical application of the anammox reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Lu
- a School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- a School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ma
- b Yunnan Academy of Science and Technology Development , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Shan
- c Kunming Institute of Landscape Science , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jun Chang
- a School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University , Kunming , People's Republic of China
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19
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Siciliano A, De Rosa S. An experimental model of COD abatement in MBBR based on biofilm growth dynamic and on substrates' removal kinetics. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2058-2071. [PMID: 26758696 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1140814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of a lab-scale Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) under different operating conditions was analysed. Moreover, the dependence of the reaction rates both from the concentration and biodegradability of substrates and from the biofilm surface density, by means of several batch kinetic tests, was investigated. The reactor controls exhibited an increasing COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal, reaching maximum yields (close to 90%) for influent loadings of up to12.5 gCOD/m(2)d. From this value, the pilot plant performance decreased to yields of only about 55% for influent loadings greater than 16 gCOD/m(2)d. In response to the influent loading increase, the biofilm surface density exhibited a logistic growing trend until reaching a maximum amount of total attached solids of about 9.5 g/m(2). The kinetic test results indicated that the COD removal rates for rapidly biodegradable, rapidly hydrolysable and slowly biodegradable substrates were not affected by the organic matter concentrations. Instead, first-order kinetics were detected with respect to biofilm surface density. The experimental results permitted the formulation of a mathematical model to predict the MBBR organic matter removal efficiency. The validity of the model was successfully tested in the lab-scale plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Siciliano
- a Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , University of Calabria , Rende , CS , Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- a Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , University of Calabria , Rende , CS , Italy
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20
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Zekker I, Rikmann E, Mandel A, Kroon K, Seiman A, Mihkelson J, Tenno T, Tenno T. Step-wise temperature decreasing cultivates a biofilm with high nitrogen removal rates at 9°C in short-term anammox biofilm tests. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:1933-1946. [PMID: 26708295 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1135995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and nitritation-anammox (deammonification) processes are widely used for N-rich wastewater treatment. When deammonification applications move towards low temperature applications (mainstream wastewater has low temperature), temperature effect has to be studied. In current research, in a deammonification moving bed biofilm reactor a maximum total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) of 1.5 g N m(-2 )d(-1) (0.6 kg N m(-3 )d(-1)) was achieved. Temperature was gradually lowered by 0.5°C per week, and a similar TNRR was sustained at 15°C during biofilm cultivation. Statistical analysis confirmed that a temperature decrease from 20°C down to 15° did not cause instabilities. Instead, TNRR rose and treatment efficiency remained stable at lower temperatures as well. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed an increase in Candidatus Brocadia quantities from 5 × 10(3) to 1 × 10(7) anammox gene copies g(-1) total suspended solids (TSS) despite temperature lowered to 15°C. Fluctuations in TNRR were rather related to changes in influent [Formula: see text] concentration. To study the short-term effect of temperature on the TNRR, a series of batch-scale experiments were performed which showed sufficient TNRRs even at 9-15°C (1.24-3.43 mg N g(-1 )TSS h(-1), respectively) with anammox temperature constants (Q10) ranging 1.3-1.6. Experiments showed that a biofilm adapted to 15°C can perform N-removal most sufficiently at temperatures down to 9°C as compared with biofilm adapted to higher temperature. After biomass was adapted to 15°C, the decrease in TNRR in batch tests at 9°C was lower (15-20%) than that for biomass adapted to 17-18°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Zekker
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila Str 14a, 50414 , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Ergo Rikmann
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila Str 14a, 50414 , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Anni Mandel
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila Str 14a, 50414 , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Kristel Kroon
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila Str 14a, 50414 , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Andrus Seiman
- b Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate Rd. 5, 19086 , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Jana Mihkelson
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila Str 14a, 50414 , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Taavo Tenno
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila Str 14a, 50414 , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Toomas Tenno
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , Ravila Str 14a, 50414 , Tartu , Estonia
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21
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Zheng Z, Li Z, Ma J, Du J, Chen G, Bian W, Li J, Zhao B. The nitritation performance of biofilm reactor for treating domestic wastewater under high dissolved oxygen. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 42:267-274. [PMID: 27090719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the nitritation performance in a biofilm reactor for treating domestic wastewater. The reactor was operated in continuous feed mode from phases 1 to 3. The dissolved oxygen (DO) was controlled at 3.5-7 mg/L throughout the experiment. The biofilm reactor showed excellent nitritation performance after the inoculation of nitrifying sludge, with the hydraulic retention time being reduced from 24 to 7 hr. Above 90% nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) was maintained in phase 1. Afterwards, nitratation occurred with the low NH4(+)-N concentration in the reactor. The improvement of NH4(+)-N concentration to 20-35 mg/L had a limited effect on the recovery of nitritation. However, nitritation recovered rapidly when sequencing batch feed mode was adopted in phase 4, with the effluent NH4(+)-N concentration above 7 mg/L. The improvement of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity and the combined inhibition effect of free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) on the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were two key factors for the rapid recovery of nitritation. Sludge activity was obtained in batch tests. The results of batch tests had a good relationship with the long term operation performance of the biofilm reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zebing Li
- School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jia Du
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Wei Bian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Baihang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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22
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Lv L, Ren LF, Ni SQ, Gao BY, Wang YN. The effect of magnetite on the start-up and N2O emission reduction of the anammox process. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19678k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A reactor combined with magnetite could enhance the anammox performance and enrich morePlanctomycetesbacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- PR China
| | - Long-Fei Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- PR China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- PR China
| | - Bao-Yu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- PR China
| | - Yi-Nan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- PR China
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