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Luo J, Wu Y, Fu H, Fu M, Liu M, Guo H, Jin L, Wang S. Shift in microorganism and functional gene abundance during completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121009. [PMID: 38718600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nitrification-denitrification process has failed to meet wastewater treatment standards. The completely autotrophic nitrite removal (CANON) process has a huge advantage in the field of low carbon/nitrogen wastewater nitrogen removal. However, slow start-up and system instability limit its applications. In this study, the time of the start-up CANON process was reduced by using bio-rope as loading materials. The establishing of graded dissolved oxygen improved the stability of the CANON process and enhanced the stratification effect between functional microorganisms. Microbial community structure and the abundance of nitrogen removal functional genes are also analyzed. The results showed that the CANON process was initiated within 75 days in the complete absence of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) inoculation. The ammonium and nitrogen removal efficiencies of CANON process reached to 94.45% and 80.76% respectively. The results also showed that the relative abundance of nitrogen removal bacterial in the biofilm gradually increases with the dissolved oxygen content in the solution decreases. In contrast, the relative abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria was positively correlated with the dissolved oxygen content in the solution. The relative abundance of g__Candidatus_Brocadia in biofilm was 15.56%, and while g__Nitrosomonas was just 0.6613%. Metagenomic analysis showed that g__Candidatus_Brocadia also contributes 66.37% to the partial-nitrification functional gene Hao (K10535). This study presented a new idea for the cooperation between partial-nitrification and anammox, which improved the nitrogen removal system stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Luo
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China.
| | - Muxing Fu
- Xiamen Zhongrenhemei Biotechnology Co., Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Mian Liu
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Huibin Guo
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
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Shaw DR, Tobon Gonzalez J, Bibiano Guadarrama C, Saikaly PE. Emerging biotechnological applications of anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00061-1. [PMID: 38519307 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an energy-efficient method for nitrogen removal that opens the possibility for energy-neutral wastewater treatment. Research on anammox over the past decade has primarily focused on its implementation in domestic wastewater treatment. However, emerging studies are now expanding its use to novel biotechnological applications and wastewater treatment processes. This review highlights recent advances in the anammox field that aim to overcome conventional bottlenecks, and explores novel and niche-specific applications of the anammox process. Despite the promising results and potential of these advances, challenges persist for their real-world implementation. This underscores the need for a transition from laboratory achievements to practical, scalable solutions for wastewater treatment which mark the next crucial phase in the evolution of anammox research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Rangel Shaw
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Julian Tobon Gonzalez
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Bibiano Guadarrama
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Xu H, Zhang L, Xu R, Yang B, Zhou Y. Iron cycle-enhanced anaerobic ammonium oxidation in microaerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121022. [PMID: 38113591 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Granule-based partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PN/A) is an energy-efficient approach for treating ammonia wastewater. When treating low-strength ammonia wastewater, the stable synergy between PN and anammox is however difficult to establish due to unstable dissolved oxygen control. Here, we proposed, the PN/A granular sludge formed by a micro-oxygen-driven iron redox cycle with continuous aeration (0.42 ± 0.10 mg-O2/L) as a novel strategy to achieve stable and efficient nitrogen (N) removal. 240-day bioreactor operation showed that the iron-involved reactor had 37 % higher N removal efficiency than the iron-free reactor. Due to the formation of the microaerobic granular sludge (MGS), the bio(chemistry)-driven iron cycle could be formed with the support of anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to Fe3+ reduction. Both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and generated Fe2+ could scavenge the oxygen as a defensive shield for oxygen-sensitive anammox bacteria in the MGS. Moreover, the iron minerals derived from iron oxidation and Fe-P precipitates were also deposited on the MGS surface and/or embedded in the internal channels, thus reducing the size of the channels that could limit oxygen mass transfer inside the MGS. The spatiotemporal assembly of diverse functional microorganisms in the MGS for the realization of stable PN/A could be achieved with the support of the iron redox cycle. In contrast, the iron-free MGS could not optimize oxygen mass transfer, which led to an unstable and inefficient PN/A. This work provides an alternative iron-related autotrophic N removal for low-strength ammonia wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Liang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
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4
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Wang K, Li J, Gu X, Wang H, Li X, Peng Y, Wang Y. How to Provide Nitrite Robustly for Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation in Mainstream Nitrogen Removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21503-21526. [PMID: 38096379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Innovation in decarbonizing wastewater treatment is urgent in response to global climate change. The practical implementation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) treating domestic wastewater is the key to reconciling carbon-neutral management of wastewater treatment with sustainable development. Nitrite availability is the prerequisite of the anammox reaction, but how to achieve robust nitrite supply and accumulation for mainstream systems remains elusive. This work presents a state-of-the-art review on the recent advances in nitrite supply for mainstream anammox, paying special attention to available pathways (forward-going (from ammonium to nitrite) and backward-going (from nitrate to nitrite)), key controlling strategies, and physiological and ecological characteristics of functional microorganisms involved in nitrite supply. First, we comprehensively assessed the mainstream nitrite-oxidizing bacteria control methods, outlining that these technologies are transitioning to technologies possessing multiple selective pressures (such as intermittent aeration and membrane-aerated biological reactor), integrating side stream treatment (such as free ammonia/free nitrous acid suppression in recirculated sludge treatment), and maintaining high activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria for competing oxygen and nitrite with nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. We then highlight emerging strategies of nitrite supply, including the nitrite production driven by novel ammonia-oxidizing microbes (ammonia-oxidizing archaea and complete ammonia oxidation bacteria) and nitrate reduction pathways (partial denitrification and nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation). The resources requirement of different mainstream nitrite supply pathways is analyzed, and a hybrid nitrite supply pathway by combining partial nitrification and nitrate reduction is encouraged. Moreover, data-driven modeling of a mainstream nitrite supply process as well as proactive microbiome management is proposed in the hope of achieving mainstream nitrite supply in practical application. Finally, the existing challenges and further perspectives are highlighted, i.e., investigation of nitrite-supplying bacteria, the scaling-up of hybrid nitrite supply technologies from laboratory to practical implementation under real conditions, and the data-driven management for the stable performance of mainstream nitrite supply. The fundamental insights in this review aim to inspire and advance our understanding about how to provide nitrite robustly for mainstream anammox and shed light on important obstacles warranting further settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang Y, Deng J, Xiao X, Li YY, Liu J. Insights on pretreatment technologies for partial nitrification/anammox processes: A critical review and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129351. [PMID: 37336448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
For almost 20 years, partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) has been the subject of intensive study and development. Pretreatment of wastewater for PN/A is crucial because the inhibitory substances in the influent may reduce the performance of PN/A. In this review, the current PN/A pretreatment technologies are comprehensively summarized. The selection of pretreatment technology for PN/A depending on the source of the wastewater and its main characteristics (high-strength wastewater or municipal wastewater, organic matters, suspended solids). Comparison of pretreatment technologies through multiple perspectives including wastewater characteristics, the objectives of the wastewater treatment (treating requirement, energy and resource recovery demand), reactor configuration of PN/A. Based on the discussion, two integrated processes, HRAS + one-stage PN/A and advanced AD + two-stage PN/A, are recommended as the preferred processes for treating municipal wastewater and wastewater with a high-strength ammonium, respectively. This review aims to provide guidance for future research and development of PN/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiayuan Deng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiangmin Xiao
- Cangzhou Water Supply and Drainage Group Company Limited, 15 West Jiuhe Road, Cangzhou, Hebei Province 061001, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Ikem J, Chen H, Delatolla R. Design strategy and mechanism of nitrite oxidation suppression of elevated loading rate partial nitritation system. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142570. [PMID: 37065113 PMCID: PMC10094160 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current need for a low operational intensity, effective and small footprint system to achieve stable partial nitritation for subsequent anammox treatment at mainstream municipal wastewaters. This research identifies a unique design strategy using an elevated total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) surface area loading rate (SALR) of 5 g TAN/m2.d to achieve cost-effective, stable, and elevated rates of partial nitritation in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system under mainstream conditions. The elevated loaded partial nitritation MBBR system achieves a TAN surface area removal rate (SARR) of 2.01 ± 0.07 g TAN/m2.d and NO2−-N: NH4+-N stoichiometric ratio of 1.15:1, which is appropriate for downstream anammox treatment. The elevated TAN SALR design strategy promotes nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity suppression rather than a reduction in NOB population as the reason for the suppression of nitrite oxidation in the mainstream elevated loaded partial nitritation MBBR system. NOB activity is limited at an elevated TAN SALR likely due to thick biofilm embedding the NOB population and competition for dissolved oxygen (DO) with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria for TAN oxidation to nitrite within the biofilm structure, which ultimately limits the uptake of DO by NOB in the system. Therefore, this design strategy offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative for mainstream partial nitritation MBBR systems at water resource recovery facilities.
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7
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Kim J, Direstiyani LC, Jeong S, Kim Y, Park S, Yu J, Lee T. Feeding strategy for single-stage deammonification to treat moderate-strength ammonium under low free ammonia conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159661. [PMID: 36302418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-stage deammonification (SSD) processes have been successfully operated using the step-feeding strategy to treat high-strength NH4+ (>300 mg/L), but often failed to treat moderate-strength NH4+ (100-300 mg/L). Because it is hard to maintain the free ammonia (FA) above 1 mg/L, which is a concentration in which the activity of NO2- oxidizing bacteria (NOB) can be selectively suppressed. In this study, to evaluate the effectiveness of the step-feeding strategy on the long-term stability of treating moderate-strength NH4+, two SSD sequential-batch reactors (SBRs) were operated under one-step feeding and multi-step feeding strategies. The one-step feeding SBR achieved a higher nitrogen removal efficiency (86 %), nitrogen removal rate (0.61 kg/m3/d), and COD removal efficiency (95 %) than the multi-step feeding SBR (73 %, 0.39 kg/m3/d, and 95 %, respectively). This means the appropriate FA to selectively suppress NOB activity was successfully maintained in the one-step feeding SBR (FA > 1 mg/L). Therefore, it the necessary to apply a step feed strategy that can be maintained above FA (1 mg/L) from the start-up of operation to treat moderate-strength NH4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmi Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucky Caesar Direstiyani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Kim
- Disaster Scientific Investigation Division, National Disaster Management Research Institute, Ulsan 44538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjae Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheul Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Ren ZQ, Wang H, Zhang LG, Du XN, Huang BC, Jin RC. A review of anammox-based nitrogen removal technology: From microbial diversity to engineering applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127896. [PMID: 36070811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has the advantages of high efficiency and low energy consumption, so it has broad application prospects in biological denitrification of wastewater. However, the application of anammox technology to existing wastewater treatment is still challenging. The main problems are the insufficient supply of nitrite and the susceptibility of anammox bacteria to environmental factors. In this paper, from the perspective of the diversity of anammox bacteria, the habitats and characteristics of anammox bacteria of different genera were compared. At the same time, laboratory research and engineering applications of anammox technology in treating wastewater from different sources were reviewed, and the progress of and obstacles to the practical application of anammox technology were clarified. Finally, a focus for future research was proposed to intensively study the water quality barrier factors of anammox and its regulation strategies. Meanwhile, a combined process was developed and optimized on this basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Ren
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Li-Ge Zhang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xue-Ning Du
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Chen Y, Guo G, Li YY. A review on upgrading of the anammox-based nitrogen removal processes: Performance, stability, and control strategies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:127992. [PMID: 36150424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process is a promising biological nitrogen removal technology. However, owing to the sensitivity and slow cell growth of anammox bacteria, long startup time and initially low nitrogen removal rate (NRR) are still limiting factors of practical applications of anammox process. Moreover, nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) is often lower than 88 %. This review summarizes the most common methods for improving NRR by increasing microorganism concentration, and modifying reactor configuration. Recent integrated anammox-based systems were evaluated, including hydroxyapatite (HAP)-enhanced one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PNA) process for a high NRR of over 2 kg N/m3/d at 25 °C, partial denitrification/anammox (PDA) process, and simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox, and denitrification process for a high NRE of up to 100 %. After discussing the challenges for the application of these systems critically, a combined system of anaerobic digestion, HAP-enhanced one-stage PNA and PDA is proposed in order to achieve a high NRR, high NRE, and phosphorus removal simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Guangze Guo
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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10
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Chen J, Hai Y, Zhang W, Zhou X. Insights into deterioration and reactivation of a mainstream anammox biofilm reactor response to C/N ratio. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115780. [PMID: 35944318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In-depth knowledge of the deterioration and reactivation of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) induced by carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) is still lacking. Herein, the anammox performance was investigated in an anaerobic sequence biofilm batch reactor fed with low-strength partial nitration effluent in the range of C/N ratio from 0.5 to 3. The anammox was hardly deteriorated at C/N lower than 1.5, while became worsen if C/N was above 2.0. The specific anammox activity (SAA) experiments showed an 85% decrease of SAA at C/N of 3.0 compared with the maximum value (C/N:0). However, anammox capacity was rapidly recovered once influent C/N was adjusted back to zero. Moreover, C/N also highly affected the composition, structure and function of extracellular polymeric substance of the anammox biofilm. High-throughput sequencing revealed a close correlation between C/N change and microbial structure shift. Finally, the potential inhibition and restoration mechanism of the C/N-dependent anammox were proposed based on metagenomic analysis. This research provides some insights into the reinstatement of a mainstream anammox biofilm process after it is interrupted by high C/N influent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabo Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yan Hai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
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11
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Zhang L, Jiang L, Zhang J, Li J, Peng Y. Enhancing nitrogen removal through directly integrating anammox into mainstream wastewater treatment: Advantageous, issues and future study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127827. [PMID: 36029988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has great potential to be applied to the process of nitrogen removal from mainstream wastewater. However, directly applying complete anammox to the mainstream is typically hindered by low temperatures, a low ammonia concentration, and high organic matter concentrations. Directly integrating anammox into mainstream treatment by enhancing the in-situ enrichment of anammox bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could effectively improve the nitrogen removal efficiency and reduce the treatment cost. A certain anammox bacteria abundance in full-scale WWTPs provides the feasibility of directly integrating anammox into mainstream treatment and realizing partial mainstream anammox. The technical development status of partial anammox and the mechanisms of achieving partial mainstream anammox by aeration and organic control are summarized. This review provides an enhanced understanding of this novel technical route of partial mainstream anammox treatment for improving the quality, performance, and prospects for this technology to be used in upgrading WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jialin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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12
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Elsayed A, Yu J, Lee T, Kim Y. Model study on real-time aeration based on nitrite for effective operation of single-stage anammox. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113554. [PMID: 35644493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) is an innovative technology for cost-efficient nitrogen removal without intensive aeration. However, effective control of the competition between nitrite oxidizing bacteria (XNOB) and Anammox bacteria (XANA) for nitrite is a key challenge for broad applications of single-stage Anammox processes in real wastewater treatment. Therefore, a real-time aeration scheme was proposed to determine dissolved oxygen (DO) based on nitrite concentration for effective control of XNOB growth while maintaining the XANA activity in a single-stage Anammox process. In this study, a non-steady state mathematical model was developed and calibrated using previously reported lab-scale Anammox results to investigate the efficiency of the proposed real-time aeration scheme in enhancing the Anammox process. Based on the calibrated model simulation results, DO of about 0.10 mg-O2/L was found to be ideal for maintaining effective nitrite creation by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (XAOB) while slowing down the growth of XNOB. If DO is too low (e.g., 0.01 mg-O2/L or lower), the overall rate of the ammonia removal is limited due to slow growth of XAOB. On the other hand, high DO (e.g., 1.0 mg-O2/L or higher) inhibits the growth of XANA, resulting in dominancy of XAOB and XNOB. According to the simulation results, nitrite concentration was found to be a rate-limiting parameter on effective nitrogen removal in single-stage Anammox processes. We also found that nitrite concentration can be used as a real-time switch for aeration in a single-stage Anammox process. A schematic aeration method based on real-time nitrite concentration was proposed and examined to control the competition between XANA and XNOB. In the model simulation, the XANA activity was successfully maintained because the schematic aeration prevented an outgrowth of XNOB, allowing energy-efficient nitrogen removal using single-stage Anammox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elsayed
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jaecheul Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggy Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Meng J, Hu Z, Wang Z, Hu S, Liu Y, Guo H, Li J, Yuan Z, Zheng M. Determining Factors for Nitrite Accumulation in an Acidic Nitrifying System: Influent Ammonium Concentration, Operational pH, and Ammonia-Oxidizing Community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11578-11588. [PMID: 35877959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acidic nitrification is attracting wide attention because it can enable robust suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in wastewater treatment. This study reports a comprehensive assessment of the novel acidic nitrification process to identify the key factors that govern stable nitrite accumulation. A laboratory-scale moving-bed biofilm reactor receiving low-alkalinity wastewater was continuously operated under acidic conditions (pH < 6) for around two years, including nine stages varying influent and operational conditions. The results revealed that nitrite accumulation was related to three factors, i.e., influent ammonium concentration, operating pH, and ammonia-oxidizing microbial community. These three factors impact nitrite accumulation by altering the in situ concentration of free nitrous acid (FNA), which is a potent inhibitor of NOB. The critical FNA concentration is approximately one part per million (ppm, ∼1 mg HNO2-N/L), above which nitrite accumulation is stably maintained in an acidic nitrifying system. The findings of this study suggest that stable nitrite accumulation via acidic ammonia oxidation can be maintained under a range of influent and operational conditions, as long as a ppm-level of FNA is established. Taking low-strength mainstream wastewater (40-50 mg NH4+-N/L) with limited alkalinity as an example, stable nitrite accumulation was experimentally demonstrated at a pH of 4.35, under which an in situ FNA of 2.3 ± 0.6 mg HNO2-N/L was attained. Under these conditions, Candidatus Nitrosoglobus became the only ammonia oxidizer detectable by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of this study deepen our understanding of acidic nitrifying systems, informing further development of novel wastewater treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Meng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhetai Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongguang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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14
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Hausherr D, Niederdorfer R, Bürgmann H, Lehmann M, Magyar P, Mohn J, Morgenroth E, Joss A. Successful year-round mainstream partial nitritation anammox: Assessment of effluent quality, performance and N 2O emissions. WATER RESEARCH X 2022; 16:100145. [PMID: 35789883 PMCID: PMC9250041 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For two decades now, partial nitritation anammox (PNA) systems were suggested to more efficiently remove nitrogen (N) from mainstream municipal wastewater. Yet to date, only a few pilot-scale systems and even fewer full-scale implementations of this technology have been described. Process instability continues to restrict the broad application of PNA. Especially problematic are insufficient anammox biomass retention, the growth of undesired aerobic nitrite-oxidizers, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. In this study, a two-stage mainstream pilot-scale PNA system, consisting of three reactors (carbon pre-treatment, nitritation, anammox - 8 m3 each), was operated over a year, treating municipal wastewater. The aim was to test whether both, robust autotrophic N removal and high effluent quality, can be achieved throughout the year. A second aim was to better understand rate limiting processes, potentially affecting the overall performance of PNA systems. In this pilot study, excellent effluent quality, in terms of inorganic nitrogen, was accomplished (average effluent concentrations: 0.4 mgNH4-N/L, 0.1 mgNO2-N/L, 0.9 mgNO3-N/L) even at wastewater temperatures previously considered problematic (as low as 8 °C). N removal was limited by nitritation rates (84 ± 43 mgNH4-N/L/d), while surplus anammox activity was observed at all times (178 ± 43 mgN/L/d). Throughout the study, nitrite-oxidation was maintained at a low level (<2.5% of ammonium consumption rate). Unfortunately, high N2O emissions from the nitritation stage (1.2% of total nitrogen in the influent) were observed, and, based on natural isotope abundance measurements, could be attributed to heterotrophic denitrification. In situ batch experiments were conducted to identify the role of dissolved oxygen (DO) and organic substrate availability in N2O emission-mitigation. The addition of organic substrate, to promote complete denitrification, was not successful in decreasing N2O emission, but increasing the DO from 0.3 to 2.9 mgO2/L decreased N2O emissions by a factor of 3.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Hausherr
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Corresponding author:
| | - R. Niederdorfer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
| | - H. Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
| | - M.F. Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - P. Magyar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - J. Mohn
- Empa, Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution / Environmental Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - E. Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - A. Joss
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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Podmirseg SM, Gómez-Brandón M, Muik M, Stres B, Hell M, Pümpel T, Murthy S, Chandran K, Park H, Insam H, Wett B. Microbial response on the first full-scale DEMON® biomass transfer for mainstream deammonification. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118517. [PMID: 35512538 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sidestream partial nitritation and deammonification (pN/A) of high-strength ammonia wastewater is a well-established technology. Its expansion to the mainstream is, however mainly impeded by poor retention of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), insufficient repression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and difficult control of soluble chemical oxygen demand and nitrite levels. At the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Strass (Austria) the microbial consortium was exhaustively monitored at full-scale over one and a half year with regular transfer of sidestream DEMON® biomass and further retention and enrichment of granular anammox biomass via hydrocyclone operation. Routine process parameters were surveyed and the response and evolution of the microbiota was followed by molecular tools, ex-situ activity tests and further, AnAOB quantification through particle tracking and heme measurement. After eight months of operation, the first anaerobic, simultaneous depletion of ammonia and nitrite was observed ex-situ, together with a direction to higher nitrite generation (68% of total NOx-N) as compared to nitrate under aerobic conditions. Our dissolved oxygen (DO) scheme allowed for transient anoxic conditions and had a strong influence on nitrite levels and the NOB community, where Nitrobacter eventually dominated Nitrospira. The establishment of a minor but stable AnAOB biomass was accompanied by the rise of Chloroflexi and distinct emergence of Chlorobi, a trend not seen in the sidestream system. Interestingly, the most pronounced switch in the microbial community and noticeable NOB repression occurred during unfavorable conditions, i.e. the cold winter season and high organic load. Further abatement of NOB was achieved through bioaugmentation of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) from the sidestream-DEMON® tank. Performance of the sidestream pN/A was not impaired by this operational scheme and the average volumetric nitrogen removal rate of the mainstream even doubled in the second half of the monitoring campaign. We conclude that a combination of both, regular sidestream-DEMON® biomass transfer and granular SRT increase via hydrocyclone operation was crucial for AnAOB establishment within the mainstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Marie Podmirseg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; alpS GmbH, Grabenweg 68, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - María Gómez-Brandón
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; alpS GmbH, Grabenweg 68, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Grupo Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Centro di Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Spain
| | - Markus Muik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Blaz Stres
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Geodetic and Civil Engineering, Jamova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Hell
- Achental-Inntal-Zillertal Water Board, Hausnummer 150, 6261 Strass i.Z., Austria.
| | - Thomas Pümpel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Hongkeun Park
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Heribert Insam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Wett
- ARAconsult GmbH, Unterbergerstraße 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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16
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Liu W, Wang J, Shen Y, Ji X, Yang D. Response of nitritation granules to anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater at low temperatures in a continuous-flow reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133831. [PMID: 35120951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Achieving mainstream nitritation with aerobic granules is attractive based on increasing evidence but generally treating artificial low-ammonium wastewater. Real municipal wastewater is much more complex in composition, the behavior of the nitritation granules would be different when treating real municipal wastewater. Herein, the response of nitritation granules to influent shift from artificial low-ammonium (35-40 mg/L) wastewater to anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater (MWWpre-treated) was investigated at low temperatures. Results showed that MWWpre-treated caused the outgrowth of filamentous bacteria on the granule surface and developed into finger-like structures, which in turn resulted in the decrease of the overall granular sludge settleability. Batch-tests and microbial analysis indicated the functional and microbial differentiation between the newly formed fluffy exterior and the original compact granule. The fluffy exterior was dominated by genus Flavobacterium (66.6%) and primarily functioned as COD removal, whereas the nitrifiers (mainly Nitrosomonas) were still located in the compact core and performed nitritation. Moreover, the heterotrophs-dominated fluffy exterior hindered the oxygen transfer towards nitrifiers located in the compact granule and thereby facilitated the stable NOB repression in the granule particularly at low temperatures (<10 °C). Finally, gradual recovery of the granular sludge morphology and settleability occurred after the influent reverted to synthetic low-ammonium wastewater. Overall, this work demonstrated that the feeding of MWWpre-treated only caused morphological changes of the nitritation granules, but its structural and functional stability could be maintained stably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenru Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Jianfang Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dianhai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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17
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Wang X, Yang H, Geng L, Liu X. Analyzing the effect of storage conditions on anammox recovery performance from the perspectives of time, temperature and biomass form. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151577. [PMID: 34801501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different storage conditions, such as temperature, storage time and biomass form, on the properties of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) were investigated along with the identification of the process mechanism. The results showed that the influence of storage time on anammox properties was stronger than that of storage temperature and biomass form. Also, the anammox recovery activity at 15 °C was better than that at 4 °C, and the anammox recovery activity of immobilized filler was better than that of anammox granular sludge (AnGS). Although cryogenic storage severely damaged anammox activity, lower loss of extracellular polymeric substances maintained the AnGS structure. The maximum recovery of specific anammox activity at 15 °C for the immobilized filler was observed to be 109%. In addition, intermittent substrate supplementation weakened the adverse effect of long-term storage on anammox activity, and was conducive to maintaining stable flora composition and promoting regeneration of anammox bacteria (AnAOB). High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that starvation resulted in increased community diversity, and the functional bacteria Candidatus Brocadia was observed to be more tolerant to starvation than Candidatus Kuenenia. Finally, principal component analysis was used to explain the complex relationship between process performance and preservation conditions. Based on the results of this work, it is recommended to preserve AnAOB in the form of immobilized filler at 15 °C and supplement substrate intermittently during long term storage. This study provides an economical and robust strategy for the short-term and long-term preservation of AnAOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoTong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - LiangHan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - XuYan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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18
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Xu J, Cui Q, Bu C, Ismail S, Ni SQ. Partition of Anammox and Nitrifiers Through Bio-Carriers for Full-Scale Sidestream Partial Nitrification–Anammox Plant. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:819937. [PMID: 35402396 PMCID: PMC8987576 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.819937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the activity and community structure in different types of sludge to reveal the partition mechanism of anammox and nitrifiers in a full-scale partial nitrification–anammox plant. Batch experiments confirmed that suspended sludge had higher partial nitrification capacity, and biofilm sludge had higher anammox activity, 16.9 times higher than suspended sludge. qPCR analysis confirmed that the amoA gene was mainly present in suspended sludge, and the highest abundance of the Amx gene was observed in biofilm sludge, reaching 1.01 × 107 copies/ng DNA. High-throughput results revealed that Nitrosomonas was the main ammonia-oxidizing bacteria with high activity in suspended sludge, and Candidatus Brocadia had the highest abundance of 13.4% in biofilm sludge. This is the exploration of the microbial community of three different sludge types in the full-scale sidestream PN/A system for the first time, which can guide the construction and replication of full-scale PN/A plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingjie Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Environmental Protection, Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Ltd. (SDEPCI), Jinan, China
| | - Cuina Bu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sherif Ismail
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Environmental Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shou-Qing Ni,
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19
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Guo Y, Luo Z, Rong C, Wang T, Qin Y, Hanaoka T, Sakemi S, Ito M, Kobayashi S, Kobayashi M, Li YY. The first pilot-scale demonstration of the partial nitritation/anammox-hydroxyapatite process to treat the effluent of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor fed with the actual municipal wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151063. [PMID: 34673073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it was reported that for synthetic low-strength wastewater, the excellent nitrogen removal rate (NRR) accompanied with phosphorus removal could be achieved through the partial nitritation/anammox (PNA)-hydroxyapatite (HAP) process. Thus, this research further investigated the performance of the pilot-scale PNA-HAP process treating the effluent of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) fed with the actual municipal wastewater. The results showed that with the hydraulic retention time of 4.0 h, the influent ammonium concentration ranging from 36.0 to 41.0 mg/L, and the BOD5 ranging from 6.3 to 12.7 mg/L, the average NRR and the nitrogen removal efficiency was 0.13 kg/m3/d and 63.38%, respectively. The specific activity test of sludge confirmed that the PNA process was the main nitrogen metabolism pathway. The effluent nitrate and the BOD5 were almost zero, indicating the existence of denitrification activity in reactor. Given that the oxygenation condition, the heterotrophic organic matter oxidization activity also occurred in reactor. The sludge analysis confirmed the phosphate formation in sludge. Thus, in the reactor, four kinds of biological activities and chemical crystallization occurred harmoniously in sludge. From the mixed liquid volatile suspended solid of 2.4 g/L and the low distribution range of granule size, it was obvious that the sludge had a high dispersity. Based on the well settling ability of sludge during the operation, it was inferred that there was a close bond between biomass and HAP in sludge, which was helpful to enhance the settleability of sludge granule. Besides, the phosphorus-containing sludge was suitable as the fertilizer. In all, this study demonstrated that the PNA-HAP process is an ideal alternative treating the effluent of the AnMBR process in the municipal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zibin Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Chao Rong
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tianjie Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Taira Hanaoka
- Solution Engineering Group, Environmental Engineering Department, Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha, Ltd., 1-2 Miyamae-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0012, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakemi
- Solution Engineering Group, Environmental Engineering Department, Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha, Ltd., 1-2 Miyamae-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0012, Japan
| | - Masami Ito
- Global Water Recycling and Reuse System Association, Japan, 5-1, Soto-Kanda 1-Chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 101-0021, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Global Water Recycling and Reuse System Association, Japan, 5-1, Soto-Kanda 1-Chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 101-0021, Japan
| | - Masumi Kobayashi
- Separation and Aqua Chemicals Department, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Gate City Osaki East Tower, 11-2 Osaki 1-chome, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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20
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Feng Y, Wang B, Peng Y, Li X, Zhang Q. Enhanced nitrogen removal from low COD/TIN mainstream wastewater in a continuous plug-flow reactor via partial nitrification, simultaneous anammox and endogenous denitrification (PN-SAED) process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126539. [PMID: 34906708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A continuous plug-flow reactor with anaerobic/front-aerobic/anoxic/post-aerobic zones, where partial nitrification occurred in the front-aerobic zone, followed by simultaneous anammox and endogenous denitrification in the anoxic zone (PN-SAED), was built up to treat municipal wastewater. Alternating anoxic/aerobic conditions and longer anoxic duration facilitated stable partial nitrification. The nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) was maintained at 97.4 ± 1.2%, with temperatures between 13.3℃ to 19.8℃. Candidatus Brocadia were naturally enriched in-situ from the anoxic zone with relative abundances of 31.93% and 6.67% on the agitator blade and carriers, respectively. High removal efficiencies of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) (95.1 ± 1.9%) and effluent TIN (2.6 ± 1.1 mg N/L) were acquired from low COD/TIN (3.4 ± 0.4) municipal wastewater with anammox contribution of 13.5%±5.8% to TIN removal. The PN-SAED process is a promising mainstream nitrogen removal method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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21
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Liu W, Wang Q, Shen Y, Yang D. Enhancing the in-situ enrichment of anammox bacteria in aerobic granules to achieve high-rate CANON at low temperatures. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130395. [PMID: 33819889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-rate CANON (Complete Autotrophic Nitrogen-removal Over Nitrite) process was started up successfully by enhancing the in-situ enrichment of anammox bacteria in aerobic granules at conditions relevant for mainstream wastewater treatment. Firstly, to provide nitrite for anammox bacteria growth efficient nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) repression was rapidly achieved and stably maintained. Both low dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammonium concentrations ratio (DO/NH4+ <0.15) and selective washing-out of NOB-preferred smaller particles at short hydraulic retention time (HRT, 25-15 min) contributed to the NOB repression. Then the stepwise down-regulating DO concentrations from 2.8 to 1.2 mg/L enhanced the enrichment of anammox bacteria in the aerobic granules. The enriched anammox species was dominated by Ca. Brocadia sapporoensis with the estimated growth rate of 0.008-0.013 d-1 at 15 °C. Chloroflexi and Chlorobi-affiliated bacteria were also significantly enriched in the granules, which may benefit the anammox bacteria activity and growth. At the end of this study, the average total nitrogen removal rate and efficiency of the granular CANON process respectively reached 1.26 kg N·m-3·d-1 and 68% treating low-strength ammonium (∼50 mg N·L-1) wastewater under such aggressive conditions (DO = 0.8-1.5 mg/L, HRT< 1.0 h, and T = 15 °C). Overall, the aerobic granules provided a habitable niche for the proliferation and almost complete retention of the anammox bacteria. This study provides a roadmap for in-situ starting up of high-rate CANON process for mainstream wastewater treatment with aerobic granules as inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenru Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Dianhai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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22
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Zekker I, Raudkivi M, Artemchuk O, Rikmann E, Priks H, Jaagura M, Tenno T. Mainstream-sidestream wastewater switching promotes anammox nitrogen removal rate in organic-rich, low-temperature streams. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3073-3082. [PMID: 31973688 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1721566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main issues with mainstream anammox application are loss of bacterial activity by low temperatures and by a high organic content of wastewater. We demonstrate a novel switching method between sidestream and mainstream wastewater. The wastewater flow was switched between sidestream (reject water at >22°C) and mainstream (municipal wastewater at 16.5°C), so that the anammox biomass activity and biomass growth could benefit from sidestream conditions. Real sidestream wastewater (biogas plant effluent) (≈1000 mg NH+ 4-N L-1) and synthetic mainstream (municipal wastewater-like source) (≈100 mg NH+ 4-N) wastewater were used for 20 L biofilm reactor feeding. The highest total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) of 527 g N m-3 d-1 (average TNRR 180 (±140) g N m-3 d-1) was achieved with sidestream wastewater at a low chemical oxygen demand (COD)/TN ratio of 1.1/1. For reactor feeding with mainstream, the highest TNRR achieved was 61 g N m-3 d-1. Average TNRR for mainstream of 20 (±15) g N m-3 d-1 was low due to a higher COD/N ratio of 3.2/1. The highest TNRR in a batch test was achieved at the COD concentration of 480 mg L-1, reflecting a TNRR of ≈5 mg N g-1 TSS h-1. With a high COD concentration of 2600 mg L-1 (TOC/TN = 8/1), TNRR decreased similarly in both feeds to 1.6 mg N g-1 TSS h-1. The anammox microorganism's genus Candidatus Brocadia enrichment in deammonification biofilm reactor was higher in the mainstream operation (7.6% of all bacteria) than in sidestream operation period (<0.7% of all bacteria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Zekker
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Oleg Artemchuk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ergo Rikmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Priks
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Taavo Tenno
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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23
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Achieving Efficient and Stable Deammonification at Low Temperatures—Experimental and Modeling Studies. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14133961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The short-term effects of temperature on deammonification sludge were evaluated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Mathematical modeling was used for further evaluations of different intermittent aeration strategies for achieving high and stable deammonification performance at decreasing temperatures. As for the biomass cultivated at high temperatures (e.g., 30 °C), a higher temperature dependency (the adjusted Arrhenius coefficient θ for 11–17 °C = 1.71 vs. θ for 17–30 °C = 1.12) on the specific anammox growth rates was found at lower temperatures (11–17 °C) in comparison with higher temperatures (17–30 °C). Further evaluations of recovering the nitrogen removal efficiency at decreasing temperatures with the mathematical model by modifying the intermittent aeration strategies (aeration frequency (F) and the ratio (R) between non-aerated (non-aer) phase and aerated (aer) phase durations) indicated that intermittent aeration with a prolonged non-aerated phase (e.g., R ≥ 4 regardless of F value) would help to maintain high and stable deammonification performance (~80%) at decreasing temperatures (14–22 °C). Extending the non-aerated phases (increasing R) and reducing the frequency (F) of off/on phase changes have a positive effect on increasing energy savings, leading to increasing interest in this method.
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24
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Removal of Heavy Metals during Primary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater and Possibilities of Enhanced Removal: A Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Resource reuse has become an important aspect of wastewater management. At present, use of sludge in agriculture is one of the major reuse routes. Conventional municipal wastewater treatment does not involve any designated process for removal of heavy metals, and these distribute mainly between effluent and sludge. Enhanced removal of heavy metals during primary treatment may decrease the heavy metal concentrations in both effluent and sludge from secondary treatment and promote long-term reuse of secondary sludge. This review considers heavy metal occurrence and removal during primary settling, together with possible treatment technologies for heavy metal removal in primary settlers and their theoretical performance. The variation in total heavy metal concentrations and dissolved fraction in raw municipal wastewater points to a need for site-specific assessments of appropriate technologies for improved heavy metal removal. Studies examining the heavy metal speciation beyond dissolved/particulate are few. Missing or disparate information on process parameters such as hydraulic retention time, pH and composition of return flows makes it hard to generalize the findings from studies concerning heavy metal removal in primary settlers. Coagulation/flocculation and use of low-cost sorbents were identified as the most promising methods for enhancing heavy metal removal during primary settling. Based on the available data on heavy metal speciation and removal during primary settling, sorption technologies may be most effective for enhancing the removal of Cu and Ni, while coagulation may be efficient for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg removal (but not as efficient for Ni removal).
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25
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Wang ZB, Liu XL, Bu CN, Ni SQ, Sung S. Microbial diversity reveals the partial denitrification-anammox process serves as a new pathway in the first mainstream anammox plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142917. [PMID: 33757240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A full-scale sewage treatment plant in Xi'an city is discovered as the first mainstream anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) treatment process in China. Whether its biological mechanism is the nitritation-anammox or partial denitrification (PD)-anammox brought violent controversy between two groups. As a third party, here we uncovered the mystery of the moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) as a PD-anammox process by analyzing the diversity and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) of microbes in anoxic pond. Anammox bacteria was found in the MBBR anoxic tank, which abundance is 8.9 times of that in the common anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process, confirming the existence of anammox process. The denitrifying bacteria (DNB) content in the anoxic tank is 5.9 times of the content of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), thus the DNB-anammox system is proved at the microbial composition level. The PICRUSt analysis found that ammonium nitrogen is mainly derived from the deamination of urea. The functional genes NAR and AMO of DNB and AOB are 910.84 and 5.80 rpms, respectively. The NAR gene content is 157.0 times of the AMO gene content and it is proved at the genetic level that the nitrite in the anoxic pool is mainly derived from denitrification. This study demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of the PD-anammox in the anammox process, which is different from the traditional nitritation-anammox demonstrated in Strass Wastewater Treatment Plant, Austria and Changi Water Reclamation Plant, Singapore and provided an alternative option for the mainstream application of anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; Nanjing University & Yancheng Academy of Environmental Protection Technology and Engineering, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China
| | - Cui-Na Bu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Shihwu Sung
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
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26
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Trojanowicz K, Trela J, Plaza E. Possible mechanism of efficient mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) in hybrid bioreactors (IFAS). ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1023-1037. [PMID: 31474198 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1650834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An explanation of possible mechanism of efficient PN/A in hybrid bioreactors was presented. The bottleneck process is nitritation. Surplus nitrite production by ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is required for assuring the activity of anammox bacteria and eliminating nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). It will be possible if nitrogen removal rate by AOB (rN_AOB) is higher than NOB (rN_NOB). It was shown that in biofilm AnAOB bacteria should out-compete NOB, whereas nitrogen transformation rates by AOB are usually lower than NOB. However, the growth of r-AOB in activated sludge allows out-selecting NOB. Impact of ammonium-, nitrite-nitrogen and suspended biomass concentration in hybrid PN/A systems on nitrogen removal rates in the temperature ranges from 10°C to 25°C was presented and discussed. Because bulk liquid ammonium nitrogen concentration can be higher in SBR bioreactors (after certain period of time after aeration starts) or in the initial zones of plug-flow systems than in fully mixed systems, conditions for running efficient PN/A are more favourable in intermittently aerated 'IFAS-SBR' or 'IFAS-plug flow' bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Trojanowicz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, St. Pigon Krosno State College, Krosno, Poland
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jozef Trela
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elzbieta Plaza
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Niederdorfer R, Hausherr D, Palomo A, Wei J, Magyar P, Smets BF, Joss A, Bürgmann H. Temperature modulates stress response in mainstream anammox reactors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:23. [PMID: 33398049 PMCID: PMC7782526 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotrophic nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria is an energy-efficient nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment. However, full-scale deployment under mainstream conditions remains challenging for practitioners due to the high stress susceptibility of anammox bacteria towards fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature. Here, we investigated the response of microbial biofilms with verified anammox activity to DO shocks under 20 °C and 14 °C. While pulse disturbances of 0.3 mg L-1 DO prompted only moderate declines in the NH4+ removal rates, 1.0 mg L-1 DO led to complete but reversible inhibition of the NH4+ removal activity in all reactors. Genome-centric metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were used to investigate the stress response on various biological levels. We show that temperature regime and strength of DO perturbations induced divergent responses from the process level down to the transcriptional profile of individual taxa. Community-wide gene expression differed significantly depending on the temperature regime in all reactors, and we found a noticeable impact of DO disturbances on genes involved in transcription, translation, replication and posttranslational modification at 20 °C but not 14 °C. Genome-centric analysis revealed that different anammox species and other key biofilm taxa differed in their transcriptional responses to distinct temperature regimes and DO disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Niederdorfer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
| | - Damian Hausherr
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Process Engineering, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Palomo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jing Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Paul Magyar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Process Engineering, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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28
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Gao D, Xiang T. Deammonification process in municipal wastewater treatment: Challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124420. [PMID: 33232853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The deammonification process has been proved to be an efficient nitrogen removal process in treating high NH4+-N concentration wastewater (sidestream deammonification). It is very hopeful to bring WWTP close to energy autarky. However, the feasibility of applying mainstream deammonification to sewage treatment need to be further explored. Therefore, this review attempts to give an overview of challenges in applying mainstream deammonification and to discuss the impacts of unfavorable conditions on main functional species. In addition, some novel control strategies to maintain the dominant position of desired species were summarized. Efficient solution to the conflict between AnAOB (Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria) biomass retention and NOB (Nitrite oxidizing bacteria) wash out was also reviewed. Ultimately, we suggested further studies including effective improved process that achieve combination of autotrophy and organotrophy species based on the metabolic diversity of AnAOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawen Gao
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Tao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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29
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Bai YH, Xia WJ, Ni SK, Wu QY, Fan NS, Huang BC, Jin RC. Exogenous extracellular polymeric substances as protective agents for the preservation of anammox granules. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141464. [PMID: 32795803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The preservation of anammox granules is of great significance for the rapid start-up of the anammox process and improvement of performance stability. Therefore, it is necessary to explore an economical and stable preservation strategy. Exogenous extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were used as protective agents for the preservation of anammox granules in this study. In brief, EPS from anammox sludge (A-EPS) and denitrifying sludge (D-EPS) were added to preserve anammox sludge at 4 °C and room temperature (15-20 °C). The results showed that A-EPS addition at 4 °C was the optimal condition for the preservation of anammox granules. After 90 days of preservation, the specific anammox activity (SAA) of the anammox granules remained at 92.7 ± 2.2 mg N g-1 VSS day-1 (remaining ratio of 33.4%), while that of the sludge with D-EPS addition at the same temperature was only 77.1 ± 3.2 mg N g-1 VSS day-1 (remaining ratio of 27.8%). The nitrogen removal efficiency of the experimental group with D-EPS at room temperature was 85.9%, and that of the A-EPS group reached 90.6% under the same temperature conditions. The abundance of the functional genes hzsA, hdh and nirS of the sludge (4 °C; A-EPS addition) after recovery were 138.5%, 317.1%, and 375.9%, respectively, of those of sludge from the D-EPS-added group at the same temperature. RDA revealed the contribution of proteins to the preservation process. Overall, this study provides an economical and robust strategy for the preservation of anammox granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yu-Hui Bai
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shao-Kai Ni
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Wu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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30
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Pérez J, Laureni M, van Loosdrecht MCM, Persson F, Gustavsson DJI. The role of the external mass transfer resistance in nitrite oxidizing bacteria repression in biofilm-based partial nitritation/anammox reactors. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116348. [PMID: 32911269 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A model-based study was developed to analyse the behaviour of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) reactor configurations for the removal of nitrogen in the main water line of municipal wastewater treatment plants via partial nitritation/anammox (PN/AMX). The basic principles and underlying mechanisms linking operating conditions to process performance were investigated, with particular focus on nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) repression and resulting volumetric conversion rates. The external mass transfer resistance is a major factor differentiating granular sludge PN/AMX processes from MBBR or IFAS systems. The external mass transfer resistance was found to promote the metabolic coupling between anammox (AMX) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), crucial for NOB repression in the biofilm. Operation at low bulk DO prevents NOB proliferation in the flocs of IFAS systems as AMX activity limits nitrite availability (the so-called AMX nitrite sink). Importantly, the effectiveness of the AMX nitrite sink strongly depends on the AMX sensitivity to oxygen. Also, over a broad range of operational conditions, the seeding of AOB from the biofilm played a crucial role in maintaining their activity in the flocs. From a practical perspective, while low DO promotes NOB repression, lower nitrogen loads have to be applied to maintain the same effluent quality. Thus, a trade-off between NOB repression and volumetric conversion capacity needs to be defined. To this end, IFAS allow for higher volumetric rates, but the window of operating conditions with effective NOB repression is smaller than that for MBBR. Ultimately, this study identified the principles controlling NOB in MBBR and IFAS systems and the key differences with granular reactors, allowing for the interpretation of (seemingly contradictory) published experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Pérez
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Michele Laureni
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David J I Gustavsson
- VA SYD, P.O. Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Sweden Water Research, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
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31
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Gustavsson DJI, Suarez C, Wilén BM, Hermansson M, Persson F. Long-term stability of partial nitritation-anammox for treatment of municipal wastewater in a moving bed biofilm reactor pilot system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136342. [PMID: 31982771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal from the mainstream of municipal wastewater with partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) would be highly beneficial with regard to the uses of energy and organic carbon. However, the challenges of process instability, low nitrogen removal rates (NRR) and unwanted aerobic nitrite oxidation need to be solved to reach large-scale implementation. Here, we have operated pilot-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) for mainstream treatment, together with sidestream treatment of sludge liquor from anaerobic digestors, for over 900 days to investigate process stability, reactor performance and microbial community structure at realistic conditions. The MBBR biofilm contained stable and high relative abundances of anammox bacteria (10-32%) consisting of two major Brocadia sp. populations, and several populations of aerobic ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) within Nitrosomonas sp. (0.2-3.1%), as assessed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. In addition, nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB) consisting of Nitrospira sp. (0.4-0.8%) and Nitrotoga sp. (up to 0.4%) were present. Nitrogen was removed at a peak rate of 0.66 g N m-2 d-1 (0.13 kg N m-3 d-1) with a nitrate production over ammonium consumption of 15% by the NOB, at operation with continuous aeration at 15 °C. However, during most periods with continuous aeration, the NRR was lower (≈ 0.45 g N m-2 d-1), with larger relative nitrate production (≈40%), presumably due to problems to maintain stable residual ammonium concentrations during wet-weather mainstream flows. Changing reactor operation to intermittent aeration decreased the NRR but did not help in suppressing the NOB. The study shows that with MBBRs, stable mainstream PNA can be attained at realistic NRR, but with need for post-treatment of nitrate, since effective NOB suppression was hard to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J I Gustavsson
- VA SYD, P.O. Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Sweden Water Research, c/o Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carolina Suarez
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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32
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A process synthesis tool for WWTP – An application to design sustainable energy recovery facilities. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Guo Y, Chen Y, Webeck E, Li YY. Towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery from digestion effluent: Latest developments in the anammox-based process from the application perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122560. [PMID: 31882199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past forty years, anammox-based processes have been extensively researched and applied to some extent. However, some of the long-standing problems present serious impediments to wide application of these processes, and knowledge gap between lab-scale research and full-scale operations is still considerable. In recent years, anammox-based research has developed rapidly and some emerging concepts have been proposed. The focus of this review is on the critical problems facing actual application of anammox processes. The latest developments in anammox-based processes are summarized, and particular consideration is given to the following aspects: (1) the evolution of the chemical stoichiometry of anammox reaction; (2) the status of several main anammox-based processes; (3) the critical problems and countermeasures; (4) the emerging anammox-based processes; and (5) the suggested optimal process integrating partial nitritation, anammox, hydroxyapatite crystallization and denitratation for digestion effluent treatment towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Webeck
- Department of Metallurgy, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980 8579, Japan.
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Li J, Xu K, Liu T, Bai G, Liu Y, Wang C, Zheng M. Achieving Stable Partial Nitritation in an Acidic Nitrifying Bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:456-463. [PMID: 31790214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitritation providing a suitable effluent for subsequent anammox is a critical step in a two-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system. This study demonstrates an innovative approach for attaining partial nitritation in an acidic bioreactor operating at a slightly low pH (i.e., 5-6). This approach is based on our hypothesis in this study that acid-tolerant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) can produce nitrite and protons to self-sustain free nitrous acid (FNA, NO2- + H+ ↔ HNO2) at a parts per million level, as an inhibitor of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). With influent nitrogen of about 200 mg/L and operating conditions of high dissolved oxygen, long sludge retention time, and moderate temperature, a lab-scale acidic bioreactor with FNA up to 2 mg of HNO2-N/L successfully established stable nitrite accumulation in the effluent for 200 days, with an average ratio [NO2-/(NO2- + NO3-)] exceeding 95%. A 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis showed that Nitrosospira was the dominant AOB in the biomass of the bioreactor, while Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira, two typical nitrifying genera in neutral wastewater treatment, both disappeared after the startup of partial nitritation. Kinetic characterization revealed that Nitrosospira had a substrate affinity of 11.4-16.5 mg of total ammonia (NH4+ + NH3)/L. It also revealed that less than 3.5 mg of HNO2-N/L FNA did not inhibit AOB activity significantly. Acidic operation is economically attractive because it can be achieved via acidophilic ammonia oxidation without adding chemical acid. However, hazardous gas, nitric oxide (NO), should be removed from gas produced by acidic nitrifying bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kangning Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tingsheng Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ge Bai
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengwen Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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He C, Wei L, Lai F, Zhou C, Ni G, Hu J, Yin X. Immobilizing partial denitrification biomass and redox mediators to integrate with the anammox process for nitrogen removal. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41351-41360. [PMID: 35540042 PMCID: PMC9076434 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, immobilizing partial denitrification biomass and redox mediators to integrate with the anammox process for nitrogen removal was investigated. Three redox mediators (RMs), namely, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (ME), anthraquinone (AQ) and 1-dichloroanthraquinone (1-AQ) were catalyzed to reduce nitrate to only nitrite by denitrification to integrate with the anammox process for nitrogen removal. First, our experimental results showed that there were 35.8, 42.2 and 53.0 mg-N L−1 nitrite accumulation values with the addition of ME, AQ and 1-AQ, respectively, at the dose of 75 µM by the denitrification process at C/N = 2, which were 25.6%, 48.2% and 86.1% higher than that of the control without the addition of any RMs. Nitrate reductase activities were higher than that of nitrite reductase affected by RMs, which was the main reason for nitrite accumulation and further maintenance of the anammox process. Second, owing to the stable nitrite production by the partial denitrifying biomass with the addition of 1-AQ, the nitrogen removal rate of the reactor that integrated the partial denitrification and anammox process reached 1788.36 g-N m−3 d−1 only using ammonia and nitrate as the influent nitrogen resource in the long-term operation. Third, the 16S rDNA sequencing results demonstrated that Yersinia frederiksenii and Thauera were the primary groups of the denitrifying biomass, which were considered the dominant partial denitrification species. In this study, immobilizing partial denitrification biomass and redox mediators to integrate with the anammox process for nitrogen removal was investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Nutrition Management of Crops, Prevention and Controlling of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 PR China
| | - Li'e Wei
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Nutrition Management of Crops, Prevention and Controlling of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 PR China
| | - Faying Lai
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Nutrition Management of Crops, Prevention and Controlling of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 PR China
| | - Chunhuo Zhou
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Nutrition Management of Crops, Prevention and Controlling of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 PR China
| | - Guorong Ni
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Nutrition Management of Crops, Prevention and Controlling of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 PR China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences Nanchang 330029 PR China
| | - Xin Yin
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Nutrition Management of Crops, Prevention and Controlling of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 PR China .,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences Nanchang 330029 PR China
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Boleij M, Seviour T, Wong LL, van Loosdrecht MCM, Lin Y. Solubilization and characterization of extracellular proteins from anammox granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114952. [PMID: 31408759 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of anammox granular sludge is important for stable nitrogen removal processes in wastewater treatment. However, due to a lack of standardized methods for extraction and characterization, the composition of anammox granule EPS remains mostly unknown. In this study, alkaline (NaOH) and ionic liquid (IL) extractions were compared in terms of the proteins they extracted from different "Candidatus Brocadia" cultures. We aimed to identify structural proteins and evaluated to which extend these extraction methods bias the outcome of EPS characterization. Extraction was focussed on solubilization of the EPS matrix, and the NaOH and IL extraction recovered on average 20% and 26% of the VSS, respectively. Using two extraction methods targeting different intermolecular interactions increased the possibility of identifying structural extracellular proteins. Of the extracted proteins, ∼40% were common between the extraction methods. The high number of common abundant proteins between the extraction methods, illustrated how extraction biases can be reduced when solubility of the granular sludge is enhanced. Physicochemical analyses of the granules indicated that extracellular structural matrix proteins likely have β-sheet dominated secondary structures. These β-sheet structures were measured in EPS extracted with both methods. The high number of uncharacterized proteins and possible moonlighting proteins confounded identifying structural (i.e. β-sheet dominant) proteins. Nonetheless, new candidates for structural matrix proteins are described. Further current bottlenecks in assigning specific proteins to key extracellular functions in anammox granular sludge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Boleij
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Lan Li Wong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
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Chen R, Yao J, Ailijiang N, Liu R, Fang L, Chen Y. Abundance and diversity of nitrogen-removing microorganisms in the UASB-anammox reactor. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215615. [PMID: 31009503 PMCID: PMC6476503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation is considered to be the most economical and low-energy biological nitrogen removal process. So far, anammox bacteria have not yet been purified from cultures. Some nitrogen-removing microorganisms cooperate to perform the anammox process. The objective of this research was to analyze the abundance and diversity of nitrogen-removing microorganisms in an anammox reactor started up with bulking sludge at room temperature. In this study, the ammonia-oxidizing archaea phylum Crenarchaeota was enriched from 9.2 to 53.0%. Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, and Nitrosospira, which are ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, increased from 3.2, 1.7, and 0.1% to 12.8, 20.4, and 3.3%, respectively. Ca. Brocadia, Ca. Kuenenia, and Ca. Scalindua, which are anammox bacteria, were detected in the seeding sludge, accounting for 77.1, 11.5, and 10.6%. After cultivation, the dominant genus changed to Ca. Kuenenia, accounting for 82.0%. Nitrospirae, nitrite oxidation bacteria, decreased from 2.2 to 0.1%, while denitrifying genera decreased from 12.9 to 2.1%. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of nitrogen-removing microorganisms in an anammox reactor, thereby facilitating the improvement of such reactors. However, the physiological and metabolic functions of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea community in the anammox reactor need to be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Junqin Yao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Nuerla Ailijiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruisang Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Fang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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