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Souto DO, de Sousa MO, Ferreira RG, Brandão AC, Carrera PB, Leite HR. What are the barriers and facilitators to participation of people with Down syndrome? A scoping review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:1013-1030. [PMID: 38317540 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the barriers and facilitators of active community participation of children, adolescents, and adults with Down syndrome. METHOD Searches were completed in five electronic databases to identify original studies about participation of children, adolescents (ages < 18 years), and adults (ages 18-59 years) with Down syndrome. Barriers and facilitators to participation were categorized into four factors: personal, social, environmental, and policy and programme. Findings were analysed and validated by a young adult with Down syndrome and a family member, using the public and patient involvement strategy. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included: eight with children and adolescents and six with adults. Of the 14 studies, 10 were qualitative and four quantitative. Most studies (n = 9) investigated participation in physical activities, while only a few examined participation in community/social activities (n = 3), daily activities (n = 2), and leisure activities (n = 1). The most commonly cited barriers and facilitators were the availability of programmes and specialized professionals, transportation, as well as attitudes and behaviours. Physical and psychological characteristics of people with Down syndrome and facilities were also frequently mentioned as barriers. On the other hand, the desire to stay active and personal interest in the activity were among the most frequently reported facilitators. INTERPRETATION The participation of people with Down syndrome is mainly influenced by physical or psychological factors, the support and attitudes of parents/caregivers, and the availability of specialized programmes. Given the scarcity of research investigating the participation of people with Down syndrome in community activities, daily activities, and leisure, especially in adults, more studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisiane Oliveira Souto
- Graduate Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina Oliveira de Sousa
- Graduate Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Guimarães Ferreira
- Graduate Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Brandão
- Brazilian Federation of Down Syndrome Associations, Brasília, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities of the Pediatric Society of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Graduate Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Souto DO, de Sousa MO, Ferreira RG, Brandão AC, Carrera PB, Leite HR. Quais são as barreiras e facilitadores para a participação de pessoas com Síndrome de Down? Uma Revisão de Escopo. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:e131-e147. [PMID: 38394075 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
ResumoObjetivoDeterminar as barreiras e facilitadores da participação ativa na comunidade de crianças, adolescentes e adultos com Síndrome de Down (SD). Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas para identificar estudos originais sobre a participação de crianças, adolescentes (idades <18 anos) e adultos (idades de 18 a 59 anos) com SD. Barreiras e facilitadores para a participação foram categorizados em fatores: pessoais, sociais, ambientais e de políticas e programas. Os achados foram analisados e validados por um jovem adulto com SD e um membro da família, utilizando a estratégia de Envolvimento do Público e Paciente. Resultados: Quatorze estudos foram incluídos, oito com crianças e adolescentes e seis com adultos. Dos 14 estudos, dez eram qualitativos e quatro quantitativos. A maioria dos estudos (n = 9) investigou a participação em atividades físicas, enquanto apenas alguns estudos examinaram a participação em atividades comunitárias/sociais (n = 3), atividades diárias (n = 2) e atividades de lazer (n = 1). As barreiras e facilitadores mais frequentemente citados foram a disponibilidade de programas e profissionais especializados, transporte, bem como atitudes e comportamentos. As características físicas e psicológicas das pessoas com SD e as instalações também foram frequentemente mencionadas como barreiras. Por outro lado, o desejo de se manter ativo e o interesse pessoal na atividade estavam entre os facilitadores mais frequentemente relatados.InterpretaçãoA participação de pessoas com SD é principalmente influenciada por fatores físicos ou psicológicos, o apoio e as atitudes dos pais/cuidadores e a disponibilidade de programas especializados. Dada a escassez de pesquisas investigando a participação de pessoas com SD em atividades comunitárias, atividades diárias e lazer, especialmente em adultos, mais estudos ainda são necessários.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisiane Oliveira Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marina Oliveira de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rafaela Guimarães Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ana Claudia Brandão
- Federação Brasileira das Associações de Síndrome de Down, Brasília, Brasil e Centro de Estudos de Crianças e Adolescentes com Deficiência da Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Subu MA, Lubis E, Mustikowati T, Marianna S, Dewi A, Dewi SH, Waluyo I, Sutandi A, Mottershead R, Ahmed FR, Dias JM, Al Yateem N. Listening to the voices of mothers in Indonesia: Qualitative content analysis of experiences in parenting children with down syndrome. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 77:e8-e15. [PMID: 38458856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Generally, mothers provide the majority of caring for children who have Down syndrome. They pose challenges not only with regard to the acceptability of the child situation but also with regard to the provision of care for children with DS. AIM To explore the experiences of mothers parenting children with DS in Indonesia, to give a better understanding of their needs, which is necessary for the delivery of treatment. METHODS A descriptive qualitative research with content analysis was used. Study participants (15 mothers) were purposively sampled from attendees of a State Special School for students with disabilities. Data was collected via semi-structure interviews and were audio recorded. Participant's statements underwent content analysis, and the principle of trustworthiness was subsequently applied. RESULTS Five main themes describing participants' experiences were identified: (1) parenting experiences - the impacts, (2) special needs, (3) parenting barriers, (4) parenting facilitators, and (5) mothers' expectations. CONCLUSIONS The study findings showed that the mothers viewed their situation in both positive and negative ways. Despite the limited sample size in this exploratory study, the results offer new insights into raising a child with DS in a particular cultural setting. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study offers important information to families and healthcare providers to improve awareness of the disorder and its appropriate management methods. It is important that an exploration of the experiences of mothers will provide healthcare professionals and families with an understanding of the situation. This understanding is essential for the effective management and delivery of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arsyad Subu
- Nursing department, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Universitas Binawan Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Erika Lubis
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Universitas Binawan Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Tri Mustikowati
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Universitas Binawan Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Siswani Marianna
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Universitas Binawan Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Aliana Dewi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Universitas Binawan Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | | | - Imam Waluyo
- Indonesian Manual Manipulative Association, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aan Sutandi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Universitas Binawan Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Richard Mottershead
- Nursing department, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fatma Refaat Ahmed
- Nursing department, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jacqueline Maria Dias
- Nursing department, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nabeel Al Yateem
- Nursing department, College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Alhumaid MM. Parental physical activity support for parents of children with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29351. [PMID: 38623191 PMCID: PMC11016730 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is crucial for promoting physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health. Unfortunately, children with disabilities spend less time engaging in PA compared to their typically developing peers. Parents play a crucial role in supporting children with disabilities to increase their level of PA. However, there is scant research on the factors linked to parental support for PA among non-Western parents of children with disabilities, particularly in the context of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, to address this gap in the literature, the current study aimed to (i) measure parental support for encouraging PA in children with disabilities in Saudi Arabia, and (ii) examine the demographic factors associated with such support (e.g., family income, age of the child, type of disability, and parents' educational background). The sample included Saudi Arabian parents of children with disabilities (N = 239; fathers: n = 123; mothers: n = 116) who completed the Arabic version of the Parental Physical Activity Support Questionnaire for Parents of Children with Disabilities (PPSQ for PCD). The findings revealed that parental support for children with disabilities to engage in PA typically occurs less than once a week, indicating an inadequate level of support. A generalized linear model analysis demonstrated that several independent demographic variables are associated with overall parental support for PA among children with disabilities: participant age, educational background, parental engagement in PA, age of the child with a disability, disability status, club participation, knowledge of legislation or policies related to the rights of children with disabilities, and number of children in the family. The findings emphasize the significance of raising awareness among parents of children with disabilities to support their children in participating in PA, as well as addressing the barriers that hinder such support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed M. Alhumaid
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Wentz E, Conklin A, Martin K, Looper J, Shields N, Fiss A. Informing Clinical Practice Guidelines for Children and Youth With Down Syndrome: A Survey of Key Partners. Pediatr Phys Ther 2024; 36:2-7. [PMID: 38033285 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to describe input from key partners to inform the scope and priorities for a clinical practice guideline (CPG) pertaining to physical therapy services provided to children and youth with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS A 68-item survey was completed by interventionists and parents (n = 296) of children and youth with DS. RESULTS The most prevalent physical therapy interventions currently being performed included tummy time, postural control activities, activity-based interventions, and play-based interventions. Key partners agreed on the importance of specific clinical outcomes, needing guidance on frequency and dosage of interventions, common barriers to physical therapy intervention, and needing information for discharge criteria in a future CPG. CONCLUSIONS The results of this survey have given the CPG committee the necessary information to inform the CPG process for children and youth with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Wentz
- Department of Physical Therapy Education (Dr Wentz), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences (Dr Conklin), Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey; Krannert School of Physical Therapy (Dr Martin), University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana; School of Physical Therapy (Dr Looper), University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington; School of Psychology and Public Health (Dr Shields), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Physical Therapy (Dr Fiss), Texas Women's University, Dallas, Texas
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Hao Y, Razman R. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity levels of children with intellectual disability during physical education classes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1056191. [PMID: 38026269 PMCID: PMC10667468 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1056191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical education (PE) class is an excellent way to improve moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Increasing number of research has explored the children's PA based on movement during PE classes, but data for children with intellectual disability (ID) is still lacking. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of MVPA levels of children with ID during PE classes in China, as well as differences of MVPA levels according to gender and grade. Methods Accelerometers were used to record MVPA levels of fifty-three children with severe ID from 9 to 16 years of age (mean age: 12.60 ± 1.66 years) during standard PE classes. Results The mean time spent in MVPA during PE classes was 8.00 ± 2.10 min, meaning only 22.88% of PE class time was spent in MVPA. As grade levels progresses, time spent in MVPA during PE classes tended to decrease; the fourth-grade children tended to spend more time in MVPA during PE classes compared with the fifth-grade and the sixth-grade (9.15 vs. 7.61 vs. 7.25 min, all p < 0.05). Boys spend significantly more time in MVPA during PE classes than girls; both in the entire sample (9.20 vs. 5.70 min) as well as in each grade (9.76 vs. 6.09 min, 9.35 vs. 5.68 min, 8.31 vs. 5.59 min, all p < 0.05). Conclusion Findings from this study indicate that the proportion of PE class spent in the MVPA of children with ID was lower than the 50% recommended by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and U.K. Association for Physical Education (AfPE). And the amount of MVPA participation varied by the grade and gender as well as by the activity performed. Therefore, in order to help children with ID achieve MVPA goals, educators need to reevaluate the PE curriculum as well as take due consideration of grade and gender when devising new content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rizal Razman
- Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Schultz EE, Sergi K, Twietmeyer G, Oreskovic NM, Agiovlasitis S. Factors That Influence Physical Activity in Individuals With Down Syndrome: Perspectives of Guardians and Health Professionals. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2023; 40:587-606. [PMID: 36754059 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2022-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying factors that influence physical activity (PA) among individuals with Down syndrome is essential for PA promotion. Insight can be gained from guardians and health professionals. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of guardians and health professionals on facilitators and barriers of PA in individuals with Down syndrome. Interviews were conducted with 11 guardians (five mothers, four fathers, and two legal guardians) and 11 professionals (four PA specialists, three physical therapists, and four occupational therapists). Grounded theory was applied. Barriers and facilitators fit the levels of the ecological model of health behavior: (a) intrapersonal (perceived rewards), (b) interpersonal (interaction), (c) community (availability of programs), (d) organizational (school systems), and (e) policy (education). Guardians and professionals agreed on the importance of enjoyment, interaction, and programs to promote PA. Differences between groups were identified at the organizational and policy levels. PA in persons with Down syndrome is influenced by interactions between individual and environmental factors.
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Determinants of Physical Activity among Children with Disabilities. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040494. [PMID: 36833029 PMCID: PMC9956278 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining children's physical activity levels is crucial to preventing obesity and improving their health and well-being. However, achieving the recommended daily level of 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity can be difficult for children with disabilities. Moreover, children with disabilities spend less time engaging in physical activity than their typically developing peers. This study aimed to assess the personal, environmental, and social determinants of physical activity among children with disabilities. This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of a convenient sample, including 125 parents of children with disabilities aged between 5 and 18 years from different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Approximately 40.8% of the participants were aged between 41 and 50 years, and 57.6% (the participants and friends of their children) did not engage in regular exercise. Statistically significant differences were observed between the perception of children's health and physical activity summary scores and the engagement of children's friends in physical activity and physical activity summary scores. Efforts should be made to reinforce parents' perceptions of their children's health regarding physical activity and to support the social determinants of physical activity that ensure their children's friends' engagement. Specialized interventional studies are needed to support parents with children.
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Xia C, Jing Q, Chen G, Sun M, Lu J. Association between Participation of Children with Disabilities and the Child, Family, and Environmental Factors in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:615. [PMID: 36612936 PMCID: PMC9819672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Participation is essential to a child's health and well-being, whereas children with disabilities may lack the associated benefits because of physical restrictions. This study aims to examine the association between the participation of children with disabilities and the child, family, and environmental factors. A total of 433 children with disabilities aged 3-18 and their family caregivers were included. Three binary logistic regression models were respectively established to identify the significant factors associated with children's home, school, and community participation. Our main empirical results showed that among 433 children with disabilities, 44.3%, 47.6%, and 58.7% of them never or seldom participated in home, school, and community activities. Child and family factors were found to be dominantly associated with children's participation, and significant factors associated with the home, school, and community participation of children were different, including children's disability type, sleep problems and emotional stability, caregivers' education, mental HRQOL, rehabilitation belief, and number of children in the family. These results highlight that the participation of children with disabilities in mainland China urgently needs to be enhanced, and further research might be focused on validating the causal relationships between participation and significant child and family factors identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xia
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- China Research Center on Disability, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Jing
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- China Rehabilitation and Health Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- China Research Center on Disability, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Sun
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- China Research Center on Disability, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- China Research Center on Disability, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- China Rehabilitation and Health Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
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Hao Y, Razman R. Family factors associated with physical activity in children with intellectual disability: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2022:17446295221130913. [PMID: 36172939 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221130913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to explore the influence of family factors on physical activity in children with intellectual disability. How and what family factors that specifically influence physical activity has not been compiled and reviewed previously. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was performed for articles published in English and Chinese without any year limits in six databases. Ten studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. All studies were qualitatively integrated to identify and compare positive and negative family factors. A total of 1135 participants, of which 497 were children with intellectual disability while the other 638 participants were family members (parents, siblings and caregivers). The family factors of 6 themes and 18 sub-themes (10 positive, 7 negative and 1 inconclusive factors) were extracted. Overall, these results highlight the importance of encouragement, support and involvement by family members, concurrently it points out that parental psychological factors, socioeconomic status, responsibilities and electronic devices could both promote and hinder engagement in physical activity for children with intellectual disability. The findings accentuate the role of the family unit in helping determine the activity levels of children with intellectual disability. Future studies should include a wider range of participants and be longitudinal in nature, utilizing more accurate monitoring tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Hao
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, 37447University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rizal Razman
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, 37447University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Psychosocial aspects of sports medicine in pediatric athletes: Current concepts in the 21 st century. Dis Mon 2022:101482. [PMID: 36100481 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral aspects of organized sports activity for pediatric athletes are considered in a world consumed with winning at all costs. In the first part of this treatise, we deal with a number of themes faced by our children in their sports play. These concepts include the lure of sports, sports attrition, the mental health of pediatric athletes (i.e., effects of stress, anxiety, depression, suicide in athletes, ADHD and stimulants, coping with injuries, drug use, and eating disorders), violence in sports (i.e., concepts of the abused athlete including sexual abuse), dealing with supervisors (i.e., coaches, parents), peers, the talented athlete, early sports specialization and sports clubs. In the second part of this discussion, we cover ergolytic agents consumed by young athletes in attempts to win at all costs. Sports doping agents covered include anabolic steroids (anabolic-androgenic steroids or AAS), androstenedione, dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA), human growth hormone (hGH; also its human recombinant homologue: rhGH), clenbuterol, creatine, gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), amphetamines, caffeine and ephedrine. Also considered are blood doping that includes erythropoietin (EPO) and concepts of gene doping. In the last section of this discussion, we look at disabled pediatric athletes that include such concepts as athletes with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), myelomeningocele, cerebral palsy, wheelchair athletes, and amputee athletes; also covered are pediatric athletes with visual impairment, deafness, and those with intellectual disability including Down syndrome. In addition, concepts of autonomic dysreflexia, boosting and atlantoaxial instability are emphasized. We conclude that clinicians and society should protect our precious pediatric athletes who face many challenges in their involvement with organized sports in a world obsessed with winning. There is much we can do to help our young athletes find benefit from sports play while avoiding or blunting negative consequences of organized sport activities.
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Bruno N, Richardson A, Kauffeldt KD, Tomasone JR, Arbour-Nicitopoulos K, Latimer-Cheung AE. Exploring experiential elements, strategies and outcomes of quality participation for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic scoping review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 35:691-718. [PMID: 35174582 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quality participation, defined as satisfying and enjoyable involvement, is one of the most valued life outcomes for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. To broaden understandings of quality participation, our review explored participation experiences of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. METHOD Utilising an established systematic scoping review methodology, data were collected using three search tools (peer-reviewed databases, grey literature databases and Google). Inclusion criteria required that children with intellectual and developmental disabilities and/or their proxies provided descriptions of quality participation experiences in any life domain. RESULTS A total of 35 articles met the inclusion criteria. Quality participation strategies (30 total) and outcomes (8 total) were categorised according to six experiential elements (autonomy, belongingness, challenge, engagement, mastery and meaning). CONCLUSION Findings provide novel insight for building quality experiences across current and future participation initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Bruno
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alanna Richardson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn D Kauffeldt
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Arbour-Nicitopoulos
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Mental Health and Physical Activity Research Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Alghamdi S, Banakhar M, Badr H, Alsulami S. Physical activity among children with down syndrome: maternal perception. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2021; 16:1932701. [PMID: 34075838 PMCID: PMC8174478 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2021.1932701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Studies have shown that children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for physical inactivity and obesity. This study aimed to explore mother’s perceptions of the physical activity levels, needs, benefits, facilitators, and barriers in their children with DS. Methods: For this descriptive qualitative study, 17 participants were recruited through centres for children with DS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers who were able speak Arabic or English and have a child with a confirmed diagnosis of Trisomy 21 (DS) between ages three and 17 years. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the study data. Results: Data analysis revealed the following themes regarding children with DS: 1) their physical functioning level; 2) daily physical activity at home; 3) physical activity at school; 4) physical activity benefits; 5) physical activity facilitators; and 6) physical activities barriers. Conclusion: Findings from this study can help health professionals gain insight on the physical activity facilitators and barriers for children with DS in order to design tailored intervention programmes to improve the support and the engagement of children with DS into regular physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmah Alghamdi
- Maternity and Childhood Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Banakhar
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Badr
- Maternity and Childhood Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa Alsulami
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm AlQura University, Al-Qura, Saudi Arabia
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Lee A, Knafl K, Van Riper M. Family Variables and Quality of Life in Children with Down Syndrome: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020419. [PMID: 33430335 PMCID: PMC7825751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this scoping review was to identify the family and child quality of life variables that have been studied in relation to one another in children with Down syndrome, the frequency with which different relationships have been studied, and the extent to which family variables were the focus of the research aims. A literature search was conducted to find studies published between January 2007 and June 2018. The initial search yielded 2314 studies; of these, 43 were selected for a final review. Researchers most often addressed family resources and family problem-solving and coping concerning child personal development and physical well-being. Little attention to child emotional well-being was observed, with none considering family appraisal of child emotional well-being. The relationship between family variables and child QoL rarely was the primary focus of the study. Methodologically, most reviewed studies used cross-sectional designs, were conducted in North America and based on maternal report. From future research considering the issues found in this review, healthcare providers can obtain an in-depth understanding of relationships between children and family variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lee
- School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3290-4900
| | - Kathleen Knafl
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7460, USA; (K.K.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Marcia Van Riper
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7460, USA; (K.K.); (M.V.R.)
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