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Liu P, Chen W, Wu D, Zhang Z, Li W, Yang Y. The preparation, modification and hepatoprotective activity of chitooligosaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134489. [PMID: 39111493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) has attracted increasing attention due to the various promising bioactivities, tremendous potential in agricultural, environmental nutritional and functional food fields. COS as the major degradation product from chitosan or chitin is prepared via enzymatic, chemical and physical methods. Further obtained COS generally possesses different structural characteristics, such as molecular weight, degree of acetylation and degree of polymerization. Innovations into COS modification has also broadened application of COS in nutrition as well as in agricultural safety. Due to the affinity between structure and bioactivity, diversity of structural characteristics endows COS with various bioactivities like antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, especially hepatoprotective activity. Therefore, the present review narrates the recent developments in COS physicochemical properties, while paying considerable attention to preparation strategies of COS and their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the modification of COS is also discussed including alkylation, quaternization and sulfation, herein the structure-activity relationship of COS was highlighted. Additionally, we summarize the latest research on hepatoprotective activity and mechanisms of COS. Eventually, the future directions of research on COS were discussed, which would provide a new appreciation for the future use of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, 201403 Shanghai, China
| | - Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, 201403 Shanghai, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, 201403 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, 201403 Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, 201403 Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, 201403 Shanghai, China.
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Buzón-Durán L, Sánchez-Hernández E, Martín-Ramos P, Navas-Gracia LM, García-González MC, Oliveira R, Martín-Gil J. Silene uniflora Extracts for Strawberry Postharvest Protection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091846. [PMID: 37176904 PMCID: PMC10180817 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes are gaining considerable attention due to their applications in saline agriculture, phytoremediation, medicine, and secondary metabolite production. This study investigated the bioactive components present in Silene uniflora (sea campion) hydromethanolic extract, and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated both in vitro and ex situ against two strawberry phytopathogens, namely Botrytis cinerea (grey mold) and Colletotrichum nymphaeae (anthracnose fruit rot). The main identified phytochemicals were mome inositol, saturated fatty acid esters, and cyclotetracosane. In vitro tests demonstrated complete inhibition of the growth of B. cinerea and C. nymphaeae at extract concentrations of 1000 and 1500 μg·mL-1, respectively, with an activity comparable to that of fosetyl-Al and substantially higher than that of azoxystrobin. This activity was improved upon conjugation with chitosan oligomers (COS), yielding inhibition values of 750 and 1000 μg·mL-1. The COS-S. uniflora conjugate complexes were then tested as protective treatments for postharvest storage of strawberry fruit, resulting in high protection against artificially inoculated B. cinerea and C. nymphaeae at doses of 3750 and 5000 μg·mL-1, respectively. The reported results open the door to the valorization of this halophyte as a source of biorationals for strawberry protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buzón-Durán
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Navas-Gracia
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz García-González
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Rui Oliveira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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Fu H, Liu H, Ge Y, Chen Y, Tan P, Bai J, Dai Z, Yang Y, Wu Z. Chitosan oligosaccharide alleviates and removes the toxicological effects of organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos residues. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130669. [PMID: 36586336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of chlorpyrifos (CHP), a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide, has caused many environmental pollution problems, especially its toxicological effects on non-target organisms. First, CHP enriched on the surface of plants enters ecosystem circulation along the food chain. Second, direct inflow of CHP into the water environment under the action of rainwater runoff inevitably causes toxicity to non-target organisms. Therefore, we used rats as a model to establish a CHP exposure toxicity model and studied the effects of CHP in rats. In addition, to alleviate and remove the injuries caused by residual chlorpyrifos in vivo, we explored the alleviation effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on CHP toxicity in rats by exploiting its high water solubility and natural biological activity. The results showed that CHP can induce the toxicological effects of intestinal antioxidant changes, inflammation, apoptosis, intestinal barrier damage, and metabolic dysfunction in rats, and COS has excellent removal and mitigation effects on the toxic damage caused by residual CHP in the environment. In summary, COS showed significant biological effects in removing and mitigating blood biochemistry, antioxidants, inflammation, apoptosis, gut barrier structure, and metabolic function changes induced by residual CHP in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, #1, Yuda Road, Pinggu, Beijing 101200, China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yao Ge
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, #1, Yuda Road, Pinggu, Beijing 101200, China.
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Buzón-Durán L, Sánchez-Hernández E, Sánchez-Báscones M, García-González MC, Hernández-Navarro S, Correa-Guimarães A, Martín-Ramos P. A Coating Based on Bioactive Compounds from Streptomyces spp. and Chitosan Oligomers to Control Botrytis cinerea Preserves the Quality and Improves the Shelf Life of Table Grapes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:577. [PMID: 36771661 PMCID: PMC9921524 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the most harmful postharvest disease of table grapes. Among the strategies that can be envisaged for its control, the use of coatings based on natural products is particularly promising. The study presented herein focuses on the assessment of the antagonistic capacity of two Streptomyces species and their culture filtrates against B. cinerea. Firstly, the secondary metabolites were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with N1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-N3-methylguanidine acetate and 2R,3S-9-[1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-butoxymethyl]guanine acetate as the main compounds produced by S. lavendofoliae DSM 40217; and cyclo(leucyloprolyl) and cyclo(phenylalanylprolyl) as the most abundant chemical species for S. rochei DSM 41729. Subsequently, the capacity of S. lavendofoliae DSM 40217 and S. rochei DSM 41729 to inhibit the growth of the pathogen was tested in dual culture plate assays, finding 85-90% inhibition. In agar dilution tests, their culture filtrates resulted in effective concentration values (EC90) in the 246-3013 μg·mL-1 range. Upon the formation of conjugate complexes with chitosan oligomers (COS) to improve solubility and bioavailability, a synergistic behavior was observed, resulting in lower EC90 values, ranging from 201 to 953 μg·mL-1. Ex situ tests carried out on 'Timpson' and 'Red Globe' table grapes using the conjugate complexes as coatings were found to maintain the turgor of the grapes and delay the appearance of the pathogen by 10-15 days at concentrations in the 750-1000 µg·mL-1 range. Hence, the conjugate complexes of COS and the selected Streptomyces spp. culture filtrates may be put forward as promising protection treatments for the sustainable control of gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buzón-Durán
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Sánchez-Báscones
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz García-González
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Hernández-Navarro
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Adriana Correa-Guimarães
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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Lang A, Lan W, Gu Y, Wang Z, Xie J. Effects of ε-polylysine and chitooligosaccharide Maillard reaction products on quality of refrigerated sea bass fillets. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:152-163. [PMID: 35848059 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Maillard reaction is a promising and safe method for obtaining chitooligosaccharide conjugates with proteins or peptides as food preservatives. This study aims to investigate the moisture state, physicochemical properties, and shelf-life of sea bass fillets treated with ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and chitooligosaccharides (COS), which are Maillard reaction products (LC-MRPs), during refrigerated storage. RESULTS The results of microbiological analysis and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) revealed that LC-MRPs could retard microbial growth effectively. Compared with control, other treated groups could strongly retard the increase in the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, the K-value and the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value, and also inhibited the softening of texture and the accumulation of biogenic amines in fish. The results of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicate that LC-MRPs could delay the water migration of fillets and increase water holding capacity (WHC). Through sensory evaluation, the application of LC-MRPs increased the shelf-life of refrigerated sea bass fillets for another 9 days. CONCLUSION Maillard reaction products derived from chitooligosaccharides and ε-polylysine have strong potential for preserving sea bass. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Lang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongji Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Santiago-Aliste A, Sánchez-Hernández E, Langa-Lomba N, González-García V, Casanova-Gascón J, Martín-Gil J, Martín-Ramos P. Multifunctional Nanocarriers Based on Chitosan Oligomers and Graphitic Carbon Nitride Assembly. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8981. [PMID: 36556785 PMCID: PMC9785438 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a graphitic carbon nitride and chitosan oligomers (g-C3N4−COS) nanocarrier assembly, which was obtained by cross-linking with methacrylic anhydride (MA), was synthesized and characterized. Its characterization was carried out using infrared spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analyses, and transmission electron microscopy. The new nanocarriers (NCs), with an average particle size of 85 nm in diameter and a 0.25 dispersity index, showed photocatalytic activity (associated with the g-C3N4 moiety), susceptibility to enzymatic degradation (due to the presence of the COS moiety), and high encapsulation and moderate-high release efficiencies (>95% and >74%, respectively). As a proof of concept, the visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of the NCs was tested for rhodamine B degradation and the reduction of uranium(VI) to uranium(IV). Regarding the potential of the nanocarriers for the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive products for crop protection, NCs loaded with Rubia tinctorum extracts were investigated in vitro against three Vitis vinifera phytopathogens (viz. Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata, and Xylophilus ampelinus), obtaining minimum inhibitory concentration values of 750, 250, and 187.5 µg·mL−1, respectively. Their antifungal activity was further tested in vivo as a pruning wound protection product in young ‘Tempranillo’ grapevine plants that were artificially infected with the two aforementioned species of the family Botryosphaeriaceae, finding a significant reduction of the necrosis lengths in the inner woody tissues. Therefore, g-C3N4-MA-COS NCs may be put forward as a multifunctional platform for environmental and agrochemical delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Santiago-Aliste
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Natalia Langa-Lomba
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, University of Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
- Plant Protection Unit, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vicente González-García
- Plant Protection Unit, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Casanova-Gascón
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, University of Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, University of Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
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Weyer R, Hellmann MJ, Hamer-Timmermann SN, Singh R, Moerschbacher BM. Customized chitooligosaccharide production-controlling their length via engineering of rhizobial chitin synthases and the choice of expression system. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1073447. [PMID: 36588959 PMCID: PMC9795070 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1073447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have attracted attention from industry and academia in various fields due to their diverse bioactivities. However, their conventional chemical production is environmentally unfriendly and in addition, defined and pure molecules are both scarce and expensive. A promising alternative is the in vivo synthesis of desired COS in microbial platforms with specific chitin synthases enabling a more sustainable production. Hence, we examined the whole cell factory approach with two well-established microorganisms-Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum-to produce defined COS with the chitin synthase NodC from Rhizobium sp. GRH2. Moreover, based on an in silico model of the synthase, two amino acids potentially relevant for COS length were identified and mutated to direct the production. Experimental validation showed the influence of the expression system, the mutations, and their combination on COS length, steering the production from originally pentamers towards tetramers or hexamers, the latter virtually pure. Possible explanations are given by molecular dynamics simulations. These findings pave the way for a better understanding of chitin synthases, thus allowing a more targeted production of defined COS. This will, in turn, at first allow better research of COS' bioactivities, and subsequently enable sustainable large-scale production of oligomers.
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Sánchez-Hernández E, González-García V, Casanova-Gascón J, Barriuso-Vargas JJ, Balduque-Gil J, Lorenzo-Vidal B, Martín-Gil J, Martín-Ramos P. Valorization of Quercus suber L. Bark as a Source of Phytochemicals with Antimicrobial Activity against Apple Tree Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3415. [PMID: 36559527 PMCID: PMC9785260 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cork, an anatomic adaptation of the bark of Quercus suber L. through its suberization process, finds its main application in the production of bottle stoppers. Its processing results in a large waste stream of cork fragments, granulates, and dust, which may be susceptible to valorization. The work presented here explored the use of its extracts to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic microorganisms associated with apple tree diseases. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of cork aqueous ammonia extract was assayed against four fungi, viz. Monilinia fructigena and M. laxa (brown rot), Neofussicoccum parvum (dieback), and Phytophthora cactorum (collar and root rot), and two bacteria, viz. Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, either alone or in combination with chitosan oligomers (COS). Effective concentration values of EC90 in the 675-3450 μg·mL-1 range, depending on the fungal pathogen, were obtained in growth inhibition tests, which were substantially improved for the conjugate complexes (340-801 μg·mL-1) as a result of strong synergism with COS. Similar enhanced behavior was also observed in antibacterial activity assays, with MIC values of 375 and 750 μg·mL-1 for the conjugate complexes against P. syringae pv. syringae and E. amylovora, respectively. This in vitro inhibitory activity was substantially higher than those exhibited by azoxystrobin and fosetyl-Al, which were tested for comparison purposes, and stood out among those reported for other natural compounds in the literature. The observed antimicrobial activity may be mainly attributed to the presence of glycerin and vanillic acid, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. In the first step towards in-field application, the COS-Q. suber bark extract conjugate complex was further tested ex situ against P. cactorum on artificially inoculated excised stems of the 'Garnem' almond rootstock, achieving high protection at a dose of 3750 μg·mL-1. These results suggest that cork industrial leftovers may, thus, be a promising source of bioactive compounds for integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Vicente González-García
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Systems, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Casanova-Gascón
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón, EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - Juan J. Barriuso-Vargas
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín Balduque-Gil
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Belén Lorenzo-Vidal
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón, EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
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Zegarra-Urquia CL, Santiago J, Bumgardner JD, Goroncy AK, Vega-Baudrit J, Hernández-Escobar CA, Zaragoza-Contreras EA. Characterization of isoniazid incorporation into chitosan-poly(aspartic acid) nanoparticles. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2145287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio Santiago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Joel D. Bumgardner
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - José Vega-Baudrit
- Centro Nacional de Alta Tecnología “Dr. Franklin Chang Díaz”, Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología (LANOTEC), San José, Costa Rica
- POLIUNA, Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Claudia A. Hernández-Escobar
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - E. Armando Zaragoza-Contreras
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Enhancement of the performance of the GH75 family chitosanases by fusing a carbohydrate binding module and insights into their substrate binding mechanisms. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Rajput M, Kumar M, Pareek N. Myco-chitinases as versatile biocatalysts for translation of coastal residual resources to eco-competent chito-bioactives. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Sánchez-Hernández E, Buzón-Durán L, Cuchí-Oterino JA, Martín-Gil J, Lorenzo-Vidal B, Martín-Ramos P. Dwarf Pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. nana): Source of 5-HMF and Bioactive Compounds with Applications in the Protection of Woody Crops. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040550. [PMID: 35214882 PMCID: PMC8879262 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While the properties of edible pomegranate varieties have been widely explored, there is little information on ornamental types. In this study, possible alternatives for the valorization of dwarf pomegranate fruits have been explored. The characterization of their hydromethanolic extract by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry evidenced the presence of high contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (a carbon-neutral feedstock for the production of fuels and other chemicals) and β- and γ-sitosterol stereoisomers. The microbicidal activity of the crude extract, both alone and in a conjugate complex with chitosan oligomers (COS), was investigated against three plant pathogenic microorganisms that cause significant losses in woody crops: Erwinia amylovora, E. vitivora, and Diplodia seriata. In in vitro assays, a strong synergistic behavior was found after conjugation of the bioactive constituents of the fruit extract with COS, resulting in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 750 and 375 μg·mL−1 against E. amylovora and E. vitivora, respectively, and an EC90 value of 993 μg·mL−1 against D. seriata. Hence, extracts from the non-edible fruits of this Punicaceae may hold promise as a source of high value-added phytochemicals or as environmentally friendly agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Laura Buzón-Durán
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Cuchí-Oterino
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (i3A), EPS, University of Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Belén Lorenzo-Vidal
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, University of Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-974-292668
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Abstract
Nonionic surfactants are reported as being able to enhance enzyme stability and increase the conversion of enzymatic reactions. Surfactant-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis conversion is affected by surfactant HLB values. This work investigated the influence of nonionic surfactants with different HLB values on chitosan enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzyme by measuring the reducing sugars formation, viscosity, and molecular weight of hydrolyzed chitosan. A characterization analysis of hydrolyzed products was also carried out. A higher HLB value exhibits a better enzymatic chitosan hydrolysis performance, shown by the decrease in a solution’s viscosity and the increase in reducing sugar formation. Increasing the surfactant concentration will also increase the hydrolysis rate. Nonionic surfactants can protect cellulase enzyme from the denaturation of temperature and stirring influence. The higher the HLB value, the lower the molecular weight of the hydrolyzed chitosan. The result of UV–Vis demonstrated aldehyde groups formation during hydrolysis. The SEM analysis showed that the chitosan, hydrolyzed using different HLB values of surfactants, had different surface morphologies. However, it did not change the chemical structure of the hydrolysis product seen by the FTIR analysis. The XRD patterns showed that the relative crystallinity of raw chitosan decreased when hydrolyzed with surfactants.
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Liu P, Li H, Gong J, Geng Y, Jiang M, Xu H, Xu Z, Shi J. Chitooligosaccharides alleviate hepatic fibrosis by regulating the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages. Food Funct 2021; 13:753-768. [PMID: 34940780 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulating immune homeostasis by targeting liver macrophage polarization is a potential therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis. Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a bioactive oligosaccharide possessing potent immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects. In this study the hepatoprotective effect of COS on hepatic fibrosis was examined in mice and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Herein, mice were induced to hepatic fibrosis using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and concurrently treated with COS orally. Kupffer cells (KCs) were skewed towards M1 macrophage polarization by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and towards M2 macrophage polarization by interleukin-4 (IL-4) in vitro, which were utilized for COS treatment. The results showed that mice were rescued from hepatic fibrosis by COS, marked by a reduction in the deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and histological lesions. COS had an inhibitory effect on the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages both in vivo and in vitro, characterized by the raised biomarker of the M1 and M2 macrophages slipping towards the basal levels. Furthermore, COS inhibited the JAK2/STAT1 pathways on M1 macrophages and the JAK1/STAT6 pathways on M2 macrophages in KCs. In summary, this study revealed a molecular mechanism for the impact of COS effectiveness on the polarization of liver macrophages, suggesting that is could be a possible intervention for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinsong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hongyu Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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15
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Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193256. [PMID: 34641071 PMCID: PMC8512059 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan has garnered much interest due to its properties and possible applications. Every year the number of publications and patents based on this polymer increase. Chitosan exhibits poor solubility in neutral and basic media, limiting its use in such conditions. Another serious obstacle is directly related to its natural origin. Chitosan is not a single polymer with a defined structure but a family of molecules with differences in their composition, size, and monomer distribution. These properties have a fundamental effect on the biological and technological performance of the polymer. Moreover, some of the biological properties claimed are discrete. In this review, we discuss how chitosan chemistry can solve the problems related to its poor solubility and can boost the polymer properties. We focus on some of the main biological properties of chitosan and the relationship with the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Then, we review two polymer applications related to green processes: the use of chitosan in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and its use as support for biocatalysts. Finally, we briefly describe how making use of the technological properties of chitosan makes it possible to develop a variety of systems for drug delivery.
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Sánchez-Hernández E, Buzón-Durán L, Lorenzo-Vidal B, Martín-Gil J, Martín-Ramos P. Physicochemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity against Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia vitivora, and Diplodia seriata of a Light Purple Hibiscus syriacus L. Cultivar. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10091876. [PMID: 34579407 PMCID: PMC8468437 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are essential raw materials for the production of formulations that can be helpful in crop protection. In particular, Hibiscus spp., which are often used in traditional medicine, are rich in potential bioactive molecules. This study presents an analysis of the thermal, vibrational, and phytochemical characteristics of a light purple variety of Hibiscus syriacus, using thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy techniques. Further, with a view to its valorization, the antimicrobial activity of its extracts has been investigated in vitro against Erwinia amylovora (the phytopathogen responsible for fire blight in apples, pears, and some other members of the family Rosaceae), Erwinia vitivora (the causal agent of the "maladie d'Oléron" in grapevines), and Diplodia seriata (responsible for "Bot canker"). Higher heating values and thermal features showed similarities with kenaf biomass. The main compounds identified in the hydro-methanolic extracts were: in flowers, 1-heptacosanol, heptacosane, 1-tetracosanol, hexadecenoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid; and in leaves, the coumarin derivative 4,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2-chromanone, vitamin E, phytol, and sitosterol. MIC values of 500 and 375 μg·mL-1 were obtained against E. amylovora for flower and leaf extracts, respectively, upon conjugation with chitosan oligomers (to improve solubility and bioavailability). In the case of E. vitivora, MIC values of 250 and 500 μg·mL-1, respectively, were registered. Regarding the antifungal activity, EC90 values of 975.8 and 603.5 μg·mL-1, respectively, were found. These findings suggest that H. syriacus (cv. 'Mathilde') may be a promising source of antimicrobials for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Laura Buzón-Durán
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Belén Lorenzo-Vidal
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-974-292-668
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17
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Sánchez-Hernández E, Buzón-Durán L, Langa-Lomba N, Casanova-Gascón J, Lorenzo-Vidal B, Martín-Gil J, Martín-Ramos P. Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of a Halophyte from the Asturian Coast (Spain): Limonium binervosum (G.E.Sm.) C.E.Salmon. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1852. [PMID: 34579385 PMCID: PMC8468922 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The work presented herein deals with the characterization and valorization of a halophyte from the cliffs of the Asturian coast: Limonium binervosum (G.E.Sm.) C.E.Salmon (rock sea-lavender). Its biomass and hydromethanolic extracts were studied by elemental and thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Tetradecanoic acid/esters and 1,2-tetradecanediol were identified in its flower extract, while the leaf extract was rich in linolenic and linoleic acids and their esters, hexadecanoic acid and its esters, and phytol. Both flower and leaf hydromethanolic extracts contained eicosane, sitosterol and tocopherols in significant amounts. With a view to its valorization, the antimicrobial activity of these extracts was investigated against three apple tree and grapevine phytopathogens. Both the hydroalcoholic extracts and their main constituents, alone or in combination with chitosan oligomers (COS), were tested in vitro. A remarkable antibacterial activity was observed for the conjugated complexes of the flower extract with COS, both against Xylophilus ampelinus (MIC = 250 μg·mL-1) and Erwinia amylovora (MIC = 500 μg·mL-1), and complete inhibition of the mycelial growth of Diplodia seriata was found at concentrations <1000 μg·mL-1. In view of these results, this extremophile plant can be put forward as a promising source of bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Laura Buzón-Durán
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Natalia Langa-Lomba
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain; (N.L.-L.); (J.C.-G.)
| | - José Casanova-Gascón
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain; (N.L.-L.); (J.C.-G.)
| | - Belén Lorenzo-Vidal
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain; (N.L.-L.); (J.C.-G.)
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18
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Langa-Lomba N, Sánchez-Hernández E, Buzón-Durán L, González-García V, Casanova-Gascón J, Martín-Gil J, Martín-Ramos P. Activity of Anthracenediones and Flavoring Phenols in Hydromethanolic Extracts of Rubia tinctorum against Grapevine Phytopathogenic Fungi. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1527. [PMID: 34451572 PMCID: PMC8399478 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the chemical composition of Rubia tinctorum root hydromethanolic extract was analyzed by GC-MS, and over 50 constituents were identified. The main phytochemicals were alizarin-related anthraquinones and flavoring phenol compounds. The antifungal activity of this extract, alone and in combination with chitosan oligomers (COS) or with stevioside, was evaluated against the pathogenic taxa Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella viticola and Neofusicoccum parvum, responsible for the so-called Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine. In vitro mycelial growth inhibition tests showed remarkable activity for the pure extract, with EC50 and EC90 values as low as 66 and 88 μg·mL-1, respectively. Nonetheless, enhanced activity was attained upon the formation of conjugate complexes with COS or with stevioside, with synergy factors of up to 5.4 and 3.3, respectively, resulting in EC50 and EC90 values as low as 22 and 56 μg·mL-1, respectively. The conjugate with the best performance (COS-R. tinctorum extract) was then assayed ex situ on autoclaved grapevine wood against D. seriata, confirming its antifungal behavior on this plant material. Finally, the same conjugate was evaluated in greenhouse assays on grafted grapevine plants artificially inoculated with the three aforementioned fungal species, resulting in a significant reduction in the infection rate in all cases. This natural antifungal compound represents a promising alternative for developing sustainable control methods against grapevine trunk diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Langa-Lomba
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
- Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragón, Plant Protection Unit, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Laura Buzón-Durán
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Vicente González-García
- Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragón, Plant Protection Unit, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Casanova-Gascón
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
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Singh A, Mittal A, Benjakul S. Chitosan, Chitooligosaccharides and Their Polyphenol Conjugates: Preparation, Bioactivities, Functionalities and Applications in Food Systems. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1950176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Ajay Mittal
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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20
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Chen X, Fu X, Huang L, Xu J, Gao X. Agar oligosaccharides: A review of preparation, structures, bioactivities and application. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 265:118076. [PMID: 33966840 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Agar, a gelatinous polysaccharide which is in the cell wall of many red algae, is widely used as food and gelling agent. Agar oligosaccharides (AOs), the hydrolysate of agar, show much more kinds of bio-activities because of its lower molecular weight, better water solubility and higher absorption efficiency. It is indicated that AOs with different structure and degree of polymerization, i.e. series of agaro-oligosaccharides and neoagaro-oligosaccharides, can be obtained under different preparation conditions. In addition, the biological activities of AOs are diversely and closely correlated to the composition and structure. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the preparation, structural characteristics and bio-activities of AOs, so as to provide a reference for applications of AOs as marine natural products in pharmacological, cosmetics and nutraceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Luqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization of Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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21
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.
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22
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Gadkari R, Ali SW, Joshi M, Rajendran S, Das A, Alagirusamy R. Leveraging antibacterial efficacy of silver loaded chitosan nanoparticles on layer-by-layer self-assembled coated cotton fabric. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:548-560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Yi Z, Luo X, Zhao L. Research Advances in Chitosan Oligosaccharides: From Multiple Biological Activities to Clinical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5037-5055. [PMID: 31309881 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190712180147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), hydrolysed products of chitosan, are low-molecular weight polymers with a positive charge and good biocompatibility. COS have recently been reported to possess various biological activities, including hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antioxidantantioxidant, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, antibacterial, and tissue engineering activities, exhibiting extensive application prospects. Currently, the biological processes and mechanisms of COS are attractive topics of study, ranging from the genetic, molecular and protein levels. This article reviews the recent discoveries about COS, especially in metabolic regulation, immune function and tissue repair, providing important insights into their multiple biological activities, medical benefits, and therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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24
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Endo-chitinase Chit33 specificity on different chitinolytic materials allows the production of unexplored chitooligosaccharides with antioxidant activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00500. [PMID: 32685384 PMCID: PMC7355052 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The biological activity of chitooligosaccharides (COS) has made them targets for industrial and medical sectors. In this work, endo-chitinase Chit33 from Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413 was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 to levels never achieved before (630 mg/L; 3.3 U/mL), without its biochemical characteristics being substantially affected. Chit33 produced a mixture of fully and partially acetylated COS from different chitin derivatives. HPAEC-PAD Chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses showed that (GlcNAc)4 and GlcN-(GlcNAc)2 were mainly produced from colloidal chitin and chitosan, respectively. COS in reaction mixtures were fragmented according to their size and their antioxidant activity analyzed by reducing power and free radical scavenging activity essays. The highest antioxidant activity was achieved with COS in the range of 0.5-2 and 2-10 kDa produced from colloidal chitin and chitosan, respectively, which gives biotechnological potential to both the chitin derivatives of 0.5-10 kDa and the biocatalyst producing them.
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25
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Wang SL, Nguyen VB, Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen MT, Nguyen AD. Production and Potential Applications of Bioconversion of Chitin and Protein-Containing Fishery Byproducts into Prodigiosin: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E2744. [PMID: 32545769 PMCID: PMC7356639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology of microbial conversion provides a potential way to exploit compounds of biotechnological potential. The red pigment prodigiosin (PG) and other PG-like pigments from bacteria, majorly from Serratia marcescens, have been reported as bioactive secondary metabolites that can be used in the broad fields of agriculture, fine chemicals, and pharmacy. Increasing PG productivity by investigating the culture conditions especially the inexpensive carbon and nitrogen (C/N) sources has become an important factor for large-scale production. Investigations into the bioactivities and applications of PG and its related compounds have also been given increased attention. To save production cost, chitin and protein-containing fishery byproducts have recently been investigated as the sole C/N source for the production of PG and chitinolytic/proteolytic enzymes. This strategy provides an environmentally-friendly selection using inexpensive C/N sources to produce a high yield of PG together with chitinolytic and proteolytic enzymes by S. marcescens. The review article will provide effective references for production, bioactivity, and application of S. marcescens PG in various fields such as biocontrol agents and potential pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Minh Trung Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
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Marine Biocompounds for Neuroprotection-A Review. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060290. [PMID: 32486409 PMCID: PMC7344849 DOI: 10.3390/md18060290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While terrestrial organisms are the primary source of natural products, recent years have witnessed a considerable shift towards marine-sourced biocompounds. They have achieved a great scientific interest due to the plethora of compounds with structural and chemical properties generally not found in terrestrial products, exhibiting significant bioactivity ten times higher than terrestrial-sourced molecules. In addition to the antioxidant, anti-thrombotic, anti-coagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, and cardio-protection properties, marine-sourced biocompounds have been investigated for their neuroprotective potential. Thus, this review aims to describe the recent findings regarding the neuroprotective effects of the significant marine-sourced biocompounds.
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Zou W, Sun Z, Su Z, Bai Y. Application of Gelatin Decorated with Allura Red as Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Sensor to Detect Chito-Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E146. [PMID: 32121316 PMCID: PMC7143526 DOI: 10.3390/md18030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and sensitive triple-wavelength overlapping resonance Rayleigh scattering (TWO-RRS) method for the detection of chito-oligosaccharides (COS) was proposed based on enhancing the rigid surface of porous reticular spatial structure of gelatin and COS by introducing allura red AC (AR). The interaction and resultant porous reticular spatial structure were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), RRS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that gelatin and COS formed porous reticular spatial structure with an average diameter of 1.5-2.0 μm, and the RRS value of COS-AR-gelatin ternary system with gelatin participation was significantly higher than that of COS-AR binary system. Under the optimal conditions, the enhanced TWO-RRS intensity of the system was linearly proportional to COS concentration in the range of 0.30-2.50 μg/mL, and the regression equation was ΔI = 4933.2c-446.21 with R2 = 0.9980. The limit of detection was 0.0478 μg/mL. So, a new method for the detection of COS was established and verified in the health products with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China; (W.Z.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zijun Sun
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China; (W.Z.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China; (W.Z.); (Z.S.)
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Recent Updates in Pharmacological Properties of Chitooligosaccharides. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4568039. [PMID: 31781615 PMCID: PMC6875261 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4568039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical structures derived from marine foods are highly diverse and pharmacologically promising. In particular, chitooligosaccharides (COS) present a safe pharmacokinetic profile and a great source of new bioactive polymers. This review describes the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of COS from recent publications. Thus, COS constitute an effective agent against oxidative stress, cellular damage, and inflammatory pathogenesis. The mechanisms of action and targeted therapeutic pathways of COS are summarized and discussed. COS may act as antioxidants via their radical scavenging activity and by decreasing oxidative stress markers. The mechanism of COS antidiabetic effect is characterized by an acceleration of pancreatic islets proliferation, an increase in insulin secretion and sensitivity, a reduction of postprandial glucose, and an improvement of glucose uptake. COS upregulate the GLUT2 and inhibit digestive enzyme and glucose transporters. Furthermore, they resulted in reduction of gluconeogenesis and promotion of glucose conversion. On the other hand, the COS decrease inflammatory mediators, suppress the activation of NF-κB, increase the phosphorylation of kinase, and stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes. Overall, this review brings evidence from experimental data about protective effect of COS.
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Roman DL, Roman M, Som C, Schmutz M, Hernandez E, Wick P, Casalini T, Perale G, Ostafe V, Isvoran A. Computational Assessment of the Pharmacological Profiles of Degradation Products of Chitosan. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:214. [PMID: 31552240 PMCID: PMC6743017 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polymer revealing an increased potential to be used in different biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering. It implies the evaluation of the organism response to the biomaterial implantation. Low-molecular degradation products, the chito-oligomers, are resulting mainly from the influence of enzymes, which are found in the organism fluids. Within this study, we have performed the computational assessment of pharmacological profiles and toxicological effects on human health of small chito-oligomers with distinct molecular weights, deacetylation degrees, and acetylation patterns. Our approach is based on the fact that regulatory agencies and researchers in the drug development field rely on the use of modeling to predict biological effects and to guide decision making. To be considered as valid for regulatory purposes, every model that is used for predictions should be associated with a defined toxicological endpoint and has appropriate robustness and predictivity. Within this context, we have used FAF-Drugs4, SwissADME, and PreADMET tools to predict the oral bioavailability of chito-oligomers and SwissADME, PreADMET, and admetSAR2.0 tools to predict their pharmacokinetic profiles. The organs and genomic toxicities have been assessed using admetSAR2.0 and PreADMET tools but specific computational facilities have been also used for predicting different toxicological endpoints: Pred-Skin for skin sensitization, CarcinoPred-EL for carcinogenicity, Pred-hERG for cardiotoxicity, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOME for endocrine disruption potential and Toxtree for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Our computational assessment showed that investigated chito-oligomers reflect promising pharmacological profiles and limited toxicological effects on humans, regardless of molecular weight, deacetylation degree, and acetylation pattern. According to our results, there is a possible inhibition of the organic anion transporting peptides OATP1B1 and/or OATP1B3, a weak potential of cardiotoxicity, a minor probability of affecting the androgen receptor, and phospholipidosis. Consequently, these results may be used to guide or to complement the existing in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests, to optimize biomaterials properties and to contribute to the selection of prototypes for nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Larisa Roman
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marin Roman
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Claudia Som
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Schmutz
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Edgar Hernandez
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Casalini
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Vasile Ostafe
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adriana Isvoran
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Buzón-Durán L, Martín-Gil J, Pérez-Lebeña E, Ruano-Rosa D, Revuelta JL, Casanova-Gascón J, Ramos-Sánchez MC, Martín-Ramos P. Antifungal Agents Based on Chitosan Oligomers, ε-polylysine and Streptomyces spp. Secondary Metabolites against Three Botryosphaeriaceae Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8030099. [PMID: 31330856 PMCID: PMC6783921 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a major threat to the wine and grape industry. The aim of the study was to investigate the antifungal activity against Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata, and Botryosphaeria dothidea of ε-polylysine, chitosan oligomers, their conjugates, Streptomyces rochei and S. lavendofoliae culture filtrates, and their binary mixtures with chitosan oligomers. In vitro mycelial growth inhibition tests suggest that the efficacy of these treatments, in particular those based on ε-polylysine and ε-polylysine:chitosan oligomers 1:1 w/w conjugate, against the three Botryosphaeriaceae species would be comparable to or higher than that of conventional synthetic fungicides. In the case of ε-polylysine, EC90 values as low as 227, 26.9, and 22.5 µg·mL-1 were obtained for N. parvum, D. seriata, and B. dothidea, respectively. Although the efficacy of the conjugate was slightly lower, with EC90 values of 507.5, 580.2, and 497.4 µg·mL-1, respectively, it may represent a more cost-effective option to the utilization of pure ε-polylysine. The proposed treatments may offer a viable and sustainable alternative for controlling GTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buzón-Durán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroforestal, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroforestal, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Lebeña
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroforestal, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - David Ruano-Rosa
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Unidad de Cultivos Leñosos y Hortícolas, Ctra. De Burgos km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José L Revuelta
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, C/ Donantes de Sangre, s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Casanova-Gascón
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - M Carmen Ramos-Sánchez
- Servicio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, SACYL, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain.
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Aktuganov GE, Melentiev AI, Varlamov VP. Biotechnological Aspects of the Enzymatic Preparation of Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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32
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Tailored Enzymatic Synthesis of Chitooligosaccharides with Different Deacetylation Degrees and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By controlled hydrolysis of chitosan or chitin with different enzymes, three types of chitooligosaccharides (COS) with MW between 0.2 and 1.2 kDa were obtained: fully deacetylated (fdCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS), and fully acetylated (faCOS). The chemical composition of the samples was analyzed by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The synthesized fdCOS was basically formed by GlcN, (GlcN)2, (GlcN)3, and (GlcN)4. On the contrary, faCOS contained mostly GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)2 and (GlcNAc)3, while paCOS corresponded to a mixture of at least 11 oligosaccharides with different proportions of GlcNAc and GlcN. The anti-inflammatory activity of the three COS mixtures was studied by measuring their ability to reduce the level of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor) in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) after stimulation with a mixture of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Only fdCOS and faCOS were able to significantly reduce the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at 6 h after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.
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Marine chitinolytic enzymes, a biotechnological treasure hidden in the ocean? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9937-9948. [PMID: 30276711 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chitinolytic enzymes are capable to catalyze the chitin hydrolysis. Due to their biomedical and biotechnological applications, nowadays chitinolytic enzymes have attracted worldwide attention. Chitinolytic enzymes have provided numerous useful materials in many different industries, such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or biomedical industry. Marine enzymes are commonly employed in industry because they display better operational properties than animal, plant, or bacterial homologs. In this mini-review, we want to describe marine chitinolytic enzymes as versatile enzymes in different biotechnological fields. In this regard, interesting comments about their biological role, reaction mechanism, production, functional characterization, immobilization, and biotechnological application are shown in this work.
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34
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Liang S, Sun Y, Dai X. A Review of the Preparation, Analysis and Biological Functions of Chitooligosaccharide. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082197. [PMID: 30060500 PMCID: PMC6121578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS), which is acknowledged for possessing multiple functions, is a kind of low-molecular-weight polymer prepared by degrading chitosan via enzymatic, chemical methods, etc. COS has comprehensive applications in various fields including food, agriculture, pharmacy, clinical therapy, and environmental industries. Besides having excellent properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, adsorptive abilities and non-toxicity like chitin and chitosan, COS has better solubility. In addition, COS has strong biological functions including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective effects, etc. The present paper has summarized the preparation methods, analytical techniques and biological functions to provide an overall understanding of the application of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Department of Food Sciences, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China.
| | - Xueling Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
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35
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Alcántara AR, García-Junceda E, Gotor V, Plou FJ. Biocatalysis in Spain: A field of success and innovation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1420064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés R. Alcántara
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas (QUICIFARM), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Junceda
- Departamento de Química Bioorgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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