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Zhu XH, Zhang JL, Li DH, Wang ZQ, Liu YK, Fan JX, Jiang SR, Li XR, He XY. Processed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua attenuates postpartum depression in rat model by regulating monoamines and hormones. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26895. [PMID: 38449668 PMCID: PMC10915386 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a traditional Chinese medicinal food herb which can regulate the liver and Qi, nourish the heart and blood, moisten the lungs and nourish the kidneys with the potential to treat emotional diseases. However, few studies have explored the effects of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua on postpartum depression. Therefore, we investigated whether processed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua could improve postpartum depression in rat models by regulating monoamines and hormones. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into normal control (0.9%Nacl), Sham operation (0.9%Nacl), postpartum depression model (0.9%Nacl), fluoxetine (2.5 mg/kg Fluoxetine), low, medium and high dose of processed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (2.5 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg) groups. Rats in these groups received drug intervention, and then subjected to Open-field test and Forced swimming test. Brain tissues and serum samples were collected and used to quantify levels of monoamines, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and serum Estradiol. The status of neuronal cells in hippocampus 1 region was examined through hematoxylin-eosin staining, whereas expression of estrogen receptor α and β was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Rats in the model group showed decreased mobility time, the disorder of neuronal cells in hippocampus 1 area, and decreased concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in brain tissue, norepinephrine and estradiol in serum as well as estrogen receptor α and β expression. They also exhibited increased adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone and corticotropin releasing hormone in serum. However, the treatment with processed Polygonatum cyrtonem Hua or fluoxetine reversed the above abnormalities. Conclusion The H group showed significant improvement in postpartum depression in rats, and processed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua can be used as a developing drug for the prevention or treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hong Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-li Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - De-hua Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong-qiang Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-ku Liu
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-xian Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shang-ren Jiang
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Metabolism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Metabolism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang J, Huang Y, Wang S, Zhang Z, He Y, Wang X, Guo H. The impact of workplace violence on job burnout among Chinese correctional officers: the chain mediating effects of stress and insomnia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:566. [PMID: 38388879 PMCID: PMC10885376 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of workplace violence and job burnout among Chinese correctional officers is high. Stress and insomnia may influence the relationship between workplace violence and job burnout; however, this influence has been rarely studied. This study aimed to explore the effect of workplace violence on job burnout among Chinese correctional officers and to assess the contribution of stress and insomnia to this effect. METHODS In this study, the workplace violence scale, the Assens insomnia scale, the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey scale were used to assess the workplace violence, insomnia, stress, and job burnout experienced by the 472 correctional officers, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that (1) workplace violence was significantly and positively predictive of job burnout, (2) workplace violence affected job burnout through the mediation of stress, (3) workplace violence affected job burnout through the mediation of insomnia, and (4) stress and insomnia played fully interlocking mediating roles in the effect of workplace violence on job burnout. CONCLUSION Stress and insomnia may play a full mediating role in the relationship between workplace violence and job burnout. This suggested that correctional officers may take measures to reduce stress and improve insomnia, thereby reducing their job burnout. Further research may focus on the development of effective interventions to reduce stress and improve insomnia among correctional officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Pingtang Compulsory Isolation Detoxification Institute in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.
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Ip CT, de Bardeci M, Kronenberg G, Pinborg LH, Seifritz E, Brunovsky M, Olbrich S. EEG-vigilance regulation is associated with and predicts ketamine response in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:64. [PMID: 38272875 PMCID: PMC10810879 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketamine offers promising new therapeutic options for difficult-to-treat depression. The efficacy of treatment response, including ketamine, has been intricately linked to EEG measures of vigilance. This research investigated the interplay between intravenous ketamine and alterations in brain arousal, quantified through EEG vigilance assessments in two distinct cohorts of depressed patients (original dataset: n = 24; testing dataset: n = 24). Clinical response was defined as a decrease from baseline of >33% on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) 24 h after infusion. EEG recordings were obtained pre-, start-, end- and 24 h post- infusion, and the resting EEG was automatically scored using the Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL). Relative to placebo (sodium chloride 0.9%), ketamine increased the amount of low-vigilance stage B1 at end-infusion. This increase in B1 was positively related to serum concentrations of ketamine, but not to norketamine, and was independent of clinical response. In contrast, treatment responders showed a distinct EEG pattern characterized by a decrease in high-vigilance stage A1 and an increase in low-vigilance B2/3, regardless of whether placebo or ketamine had been given. Furthermore, pretreatment EEG differed between responders and non-responders with responders showing a higher percentage of stage A1 (53% vs. 21%). The logistic regression fitted on the percent of A1 stages was able to predict treatment outcomes in the testing dataset with an area under the ROC curve of 0.7. Ketamine affects EEG vigilance in a distinct pattern observed only in responders. Consequently, the percentage of pretreatment stage A1 shows significant potential as a predictive biomarker of treatment response.Clinical Trials Registration: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2013-000952-17/CZ Registration number: EudraCT Number: 2013-000952-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Teng Ip
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mateo de Bardeci
- Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic; University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic; University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Hageman Pinborg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Epilepsy Clinic, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic; University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Brunovsky
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Olbrich
- Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic; University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mairinger M, Maget A, Wagner-Skacel J, Mörkl S, Dalkner N, Hellinger T, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Platzer M, Kreuzer K, Queissner R, Reininghaus B, Lenger M, Fabisch K, Fitz W, Kohlhammer-Dohr A, Krammer A, Holl AK, Painold A, Häussl A, Stross TM, Schmiedhofer F, Tmava-Berisha A, Pahsini K, Marinschek S, Wenninger J, Hamm C, Pilz R, Lehofer M, Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai O, Horvath A, Kainz G, Gallé B, Dinan TG, Butler MI, Reininghaus E, Bengesser S. Gut Microbiome Composition and Its Association with Sleep in Major Psychiatric Disorders. Neuropsychobiology 2023; 82:220-233. [PMID: 37321188 DOI: 10.1159/000530386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent across most major psychiatric disorders. Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroimmune mechanisms, and circadian rhythm disturbances partially explain this connection. The gut microbiome is also suspected to play a role in sleep regulation, and recent studies suggest that certain probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiome transplantation can improve sleep quality. METHODS We aimed to assess the relationship between gut-microbiota composition, psychiatric disorders, and sleep quality in this cross-sectional, cross-disorder study. We recruited 103 participants, 63 patients with psychiatric disorders (major depressive disorder [n = 31], bipolar disorder [n = 13], psychotic disorder [n = 19]) along with 40 healthy controls. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The fecal microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and groups were compared based on alpha and beta diversity metrics, as well as differentially abundant species and genera. RESULTS A transdiagnostic decrease in alpha diversity and differences in beta diversity indices were observed in psychiatric patients, compared to controls. Correlation analysis of diversity metrics and PSQI score showed no significance in the patient and control groups. However, three species, Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens, Senegalimassilia faecalis, and uncultured Blautia sp., and two genera, Senegalimassilia and uncultured Muribaculaceae genus, were differentially abundant in psychiatric patients with good sleep quality (PSQI >8), compared to poor-sleep quality patients (PSQI ≤8). CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study raises important questions about the interconnection of the gut microbiome and sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mairinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,
| | - Alexander Maget
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jolana Wagner-Skacel
- Department of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Teresa Hellinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Kreuzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Fabisch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Fitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Alexandra Krammer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Katharina Holl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Annamaria Painold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred Häussl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tatjana Maria Stross
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franziska Schmiedhofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Adelina Tmava-Berisha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karoline Pahsini
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Marinschek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julian Wenninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital LKH Graz 2, Graz, Austria
| | - Carlo Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital LKH Graz 2, Graz, Austria
| | - René Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital LKH Graz 2, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Lehofer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital LKH Graz 2, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Angela Horvath
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gudrun Kainz
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Gallé
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary I Butler
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eva Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Chu Z, Yuan L, He M, Cheng Y, Lu Y, Xu X, Shen Z. Atrophy of bilateral nucleus accumbens in melancholic depression. Neuroreport 2023; 34:493-500. [PMID: 37270840 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from previous literature suggests that the nucleus accumbens (NAc), hippocampus, and amygdala play critical roles in the reward circuit. Meanwhile, it was also suggested that abnormalities in the reward circuit might be closely associated with the symptom of anhedonia of depression. However, few studies have investigated the structural alterations of the NAc, hippocampus, and amygdala in depression with anhedonia as the main clinical manifestation. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the structural changes of the subcortical regions among melancholic depression (MD) patients, especially in the NAc, hippocampus, and amygdala, to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the pathological mechanisms of MD. Seventy-two MD patients, 74 nonmelancholic depression (NMD) patients, and 81 healthy controls (HCs) matched for sex, age, and years of education were included in the study. All participants underwent T1-weighted MRI scans. Subcortical structure segmentation was performed using the FreeSurfer software. MD and NMD patients had reduced left hippocampal volume compared with HCs. Meanwhile, only MD patients had reduced bilateral NAc volumes. Moreover, correlation analyses showed correlations between left NAc volume and late insomnia and lassitude in MD patients. The reduced hippocampal volume may be related to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), and the reduced volume of the NAc may be the unique neural mechanism of MD. The findings of the current study suggest that future studies should investigate the different pathogenic mechanisms of different subtypes of MDD further to contribute to the development of individualized diagnostic and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosong Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders
| | - Lijin Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders
| | - Mengxin He
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders
| | - Zonglin Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders
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Deng Z, Jiang X, Liu W, Zhao W, Jia L, Sun Q, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Sun T, Wu F, Kong L, Tang Y. The aberrant dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in melancholic major depressive disorder with insomnia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:958994. [PMID: 36072459 PMCID: PMC9441487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.958994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is considered one of the manifestations of sleep disorders, and its intensity is linked to the treatment effect or suicidal thoughts. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is classified into various subtypes due to heterogeneous symptoms. Melancholic MDD has been considered one of the most common subtypes with special sleep features. However, the brain functional mechanisms in melancholic MDD with insomnia remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Melancholic MDD and healthy controls (HCs, n = 46) were recruited for the study. Patients were divided into patients with melancholic MDD with low insomnia (mMDD-LI, n = 23) and patients with melancholic MDD with high insomnia (mMDD-HI, n = 30), according to the sleep disturbance subscale of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation was employed to investigate the alterations of brain activity among the three groups. Then, the correlations between abnormal dALFF values of brain regions and the severity of symptoms were investigated. RESULTS Lower dALFF values were found in the mMDD-HI group in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG)/superior temporal gyrus (STG) than in the mMDD-LI (p = 0.014) and HC groups (p < 0.001). Melancholic MDD groups showed decreased dALFF values than HC in the right middle occipital gyri (MOG)/superior occipital gyri (SOG), the right cuneus, the bilateral lingual gyrus, and the bilateral calcarine (p < 0.05). Lower dALFF values than HC in the left MOG/SOG and the left cuneus in melancholic MDD groups were found, but no significant difference was found between the mMDD-LI group and HC group (p = 0.079). Positive correlations between the dALFF values in the right MTG/STG and HAMD-SD scores (the sleep disturbance subscale of the HAMD-17) in the mMDD-HI group (r = 0.41, p = 0.042) were found. In the pooled melancholic MDD, the dALFF values in the right MOG/SOG and the right cuneus (r = 0.338, p = 0.019), the left MOG/SOG and the left cuneus (r = 0.299, p = 0.039), and the bilateral lingual gyrus and the bilateral calcarine (r = 0.288, p = 0.047) were positively correlated with adjusted HAMD scores. CONCLUSION The occipital cortex may be related to depressive symptoms in melancholic MDD. Importantly, the right MTG/STG may play a critical role in patients with melancholic MDD with more severe insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Deng
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linna Jia
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qikun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Yuan Y, Zhou Q, Fang F, Li W, You Y. Efficacy of the acupressure wrist-ankle strap in mild insomnia patients with anxiety disorders: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:770. [PMID: 34736490 PMCID: PMC8567713 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is very common in current society, and patients are often accompanied by a certain degree of anxiety, depression, etc. Recent studies have found that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis excitement-inhibition state is an important indicator of sleep quality. Wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) is safe and effective for insomnia. Based on WAA theory, the acupressure wrist-ankle straps are portable WAA point compression straps that can treat diseases by automatically applying pressure to the treatment location and being operated by patients themselves. We design this trial to evaluate the clinical effect of the acupressure wrist-ankle strap in the treatment of mild insomnia patients with anxiety disorders. METHODS/DESIGN This trial is a parallel-design, patients-assessor blinded, randomized, sham-controlled. In total, 114 patients diagnosed with mild insomnia and anxiety disorders will be randomly assigned into two groups, the acupressure wrist-ankle strap group or the non-acupressure wrist-ankle strap group; they will receive treatments for eight weeks with five sessions each week. Rating scales, sleep monitors, and laboratory tests will be used to observe the clinical effect. From the perspective of the circadian secretion of peripheral blood-related hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the possible mechanism of acupressure wrist-ankle straps for treating insomnia is studied. DISCUSSION The results of this study will confirm the efficacy of acupressure wrist-ankle strap in treating mild insomnia patients with anxiety disorder and whether its mechanism is related to the HPA axis. The acupressure wrist-ankle strap may become a pure physical, no side effect treatment of mild insomnia. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000039352 . Registered on 24 October 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, No. 800 Xiang Ying Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Chang Hai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qinghui Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, No. 800 Xiang Ying Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Chang Hai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fanfu Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, No. 800 Xiang Ying Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Chang Hai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, No. 800 Xiang Ying Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Chang Hai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanli You
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, No. 800 Xiang Ying Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Chang Hai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
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8
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Pagni G, Tagliarini C, Carbone MG, Imbimbo BP, Marazziti D, Pomara N. Different Sides of Depression in the Elderly: An In-depth View on the Role of Aβ Peptides. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5731-5757. [PMID: 34547994 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210921164816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset depression (LOD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), often associated with structural and functional brain changes, neuropsychological impairments and negative family history for affective disorders. LOD could be a risk factor or a prodromal phase of AD; this has led to the investigation of the link between depression and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides by measuring Aβ levels in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brains of elderly depressed subjects. OBJECTIVE Clarify the complex relationship between depression, Aβ peptides and AD. METHOD We evaluated all articles published up to 2019 in PubMed in which Aβ was measured in serum (or plasma), CSF or brain in elderly with Major Depressive Disorder or depressive symptoms evaluated with standard scales. RESULTS Low plasma Aβ42 levels are strongly associated with depression severity. Plasma Aβ40 levels are higher in younger depressed, drug-resistant and those with more severe symptoms. CSF Aβ42 levels are lower in depressed than controls. PET-detected global and region-specific increases in Aβ deposition are sometimes associated with LOD, cognitive impairment, anxiety but not with Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)/CVD risk factors. Elderly depressed with CVDs/CVD risk factors have more frequently high plasma Aβ40 levels and drug-resistance; those without these co-morbidities have low plasma Aβ42 levels and a greater cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Two specific Aβ profiles emerge in elderly depressed. One is associated with Aβ42 reductions in plasma and CSF, possibly reflecting increased brain amyloid deposition and prodromal AD. The other one is characterized by high plasma Aβ40 levels, cerebrovascular disease and clinically associated with increased AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovann Pagni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100. Italy
| | - Claudia Tagliarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100. Italy
| | - Manuel Glauco Carbone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100. Italy
| | | | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100. Italy
| | - Nunzio Pomara
- Geriatric Psychiatry Department, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962. United States
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9
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Abraham C, Sloan SNB, Coker C, Freed B, McAuliffe M, Nielsen H, Riscoe T, Steele R, Dettwiler A, Oberley G, Zaremski K, Joy K, Selby A, Wells-Lewis R, Creamer BA. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment as an Intervention to Reduce Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in First Responders: A Pilot Study. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2021; 118:435-441. [PMID: 34658436 PMCID: PMC8504517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this pilot study, we examined the efficacy of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) for improving symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) to determine a correlation between overall improvement in health and quality of life for first responders. Participants received weekly OMT or sham OMT targeting autonomic imbalance. Indicators of SAD were examined pre- and post-study. Overall, this pilot study suggests improvement in both the social-psychological (mental) self-assessments, and alterations in SAD-associated biomarkers from OMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christena Abraham
- Medical students at Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine (KCU-COM)
| | | | - Charles Coker
- Medical students at Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine (KCU-COM)
| | - Blair Freed
- Medical students at Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine (KCU-COM)
| | - Matthew McAuliffe
- Medical students at Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine (KCU-COM)
| | - Halden Nielsen
- Medical students at Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine (KCU-COM)
| | - Tanner Riscoe
- Medical students at Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine (KCU-COM)
| | - Robert Steele
- Medical students at Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine (KCU-COM)
| | - Andrew Dettwiler
- Medical students at Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine (KCU-COM)
| | - Gia Oberley
- Undergraduate student at Missouri Southern State University in Joplin
| | - Kenneth Zaremski
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, Kansas City Campus of KCU-COM
| | - Kelley Joy
- Vice Chair of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, Joplin Campus of KCU-COM
| | - Andi Selby
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, Joplin Campus of KCU-COM
| | - Ree Wells-Lewis
- Professor in the Department of Social Sciences, Missouri Southern State University in Joplin
| | - Bradley A Creamer
- Associate Professor in the Department of Basic Sciences, Joplin Campus of KCU-COM
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10
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Li P, Wang H, Chen G, Feng J, Fan D, Lin D, Rao J, Zhou Z, Liu Z, Guo X. Association Between Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy and Sleep Quality: Mediating Effect of Depressive Symptoms. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:41-49. [PMID: 33447075 PMCID: PMC7802779 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s290216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) of varying degrees of severity are commonly experienced by pregnant women. This paper explores the association between NVP and poor sleep quality. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in an obstetrics clinic. A total of 2494 pregnant women (representing a response rate of 92.7%) completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results Of the 2494 participants, the mean sleep duration was 7.76 hours, and 54.3% of them report poor sleep quality (ie, a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score > 5). In this study, 49.1%, 49.3% and 1.6% women reported mild, moderate, and severe NVP, respectively. Compare with women with mild NVP, women with moderate or severe NVP were more likely to report poor sleep quality (χ 2 = 30.16, p < 0.001). After adjusted for demographics and gestational age, moderate and severe NVP were associated with poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40-1.96, and AOR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.44-6.02, respectively). Moreover, depressive symptoms mediated the association between NVP and poor sleep quality (β = 0.060, p = 0.033, 95% CI = 0.028-0.180). Conclusion Our study suggested that moderate and severe NVP increase the risk of poor sleep quality. Further studies are warranted that focus on the mechanisms of the association between NVP and poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengsheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China.,Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China.,Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengdong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China.,Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dazhi Fan
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China.,Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China.,Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Rao
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China.,Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China.,Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China.,Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Bruun CF, Arnbjerg CJ, Kessing LV. Electroencephalographic Parameters Differentiating Melancholic Depression, Non-melancholic Depression, and Healthy Controls. A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:648713. [PMID: 34489747 PMCID: PMC8417250 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.648713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this systematic review was to investigate whether electroencephalographic parameters can serve as a tool to distinguish between melancholic depression, non-melancholic depression, and healthy controls in adults. Methods: A systematic review comprising an extensive literature search conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO in August 2020 with monthly updates until November 1st, 2020. In addition, we performed a citation search and scanned reference lists. Clinical trials that performed an EEG-based examination on an adult patient group diagnosed with melancholic unipolar depression and compared with a control group of non-melancholic unipolar depression and/or healthy controls were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed by the Strengthening of Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Results: A total of 24 studies, all case-control design, met the inclusion criteria and could be divided into three subgroups: Resting state studies (n = 5), sleep EEG studies (n = 10), and event-related potentials (ERP) studies (n = 9). Within each subgroup, studies were characterized by marked variability on almost all levels, preventing pooling of data, and many studies were subject to weighty methodological problems. However, the main part of the studies identified one or several EEG parameters that differentiated the groups. Conclusions: Multiple EEG modalities showed an ability to distinguish melancholic patients from non-melancholic patients and/or healthy controls. The considerable heterogeneity across studies and the frequent methodological difficulties at the individual study level were the main limitations to this work. Also, the underlying premise of shifting diagnostic paradigms may have resulted in an inhomogeneous patient population. Systematic Review Registration: Registered in the PROSPERO registry on August 8th, 2020, registration number CRD42020197472.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fussing Bruun
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Juhl Arnbjerg
- Department of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Zhang Q, Yun Y, An H, Zhao W, Ma T, Wang Z, Yang F. Gut Microbiome Composition Associated With Major Depressive Disorder and Sleep Quality. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:645045. [PMID: 34093266 PMCID: PMC8175648 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.645045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and related subclinical symptoms. However, studies on the gut microbiota in MDD are inconsistent, and data on MDD's effects on sleep are lacking. This study aimed to analyze the gut microbiota composition and sleep quality of patients with MDD. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples from 36 patients with MDD and 45 healthy controls (HC). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, depressive severity with the Hamilton Depression Scale, and insomnia severity using the Insomnia Severity Index. Forty-eight microbiota targets showed significant differences between MDD and HC. In MDD, six microbiota targets were associated with the severity of depression, 11 with sleep quality, and 3 with sleep severity. At the genus level, Dorea was simultaneously related to depression and sleep quality, while Intestinibacter was more closely related to sleep problems. Coprococcus and Intestinibacter were associated with sleep quality independent of the severity of depression. In conclusion, the present findings enable a better understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and MDD-related symptoms. Gut microbiota alterations may become potential biomarkers and/or treatment targets for sleep quality in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Yun
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimei An
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhao
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Ma
- College of Basic Medical and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Nobis A, Zalewski D, Waszkiewicz N. Peripheral Markers of Depression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3793. [PMID: 33255237 PMCID: PMC7760788 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, creating a high medical and socioeconomic burden. There is a growing interest in the biological underpinnings of depression, which are reflected by altered levels of biological markers. Among others, enhanced inflammation has been reported in MDD, as reflected by increased concentrations of inflammatory markers-C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Oxidative and nitrosative stress also plays a role in the pathophysiology of MDD. Notably, increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers are characteristic of MDD. Dysregulation of the stress axis, along with increased cortisol levels, have also been reported in MDD. Alterations in growth factors, with a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and an increase in fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations have also been found in MDD. Finally, kynurenine metabolites, increased glutamate and decreased total cholesterol also hold promise as reliable biomarkers for MDD. Research in the field of MDD biomarkers is hindered by insufficient understanding of MDD etiopathogenesis, substantial heterogeneity of the disorder, common co-morbidities and low specificity of biomarkers. The construction of biomarker panels and their evaluation with use of new technologies may have the potential to overcome the above mentioned obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Nobis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (D.Z.); (N.W.)
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14
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Rappeneau V, Wilmes L, Touma C. Molecular correlates of mitochondrial dysfunctions in major depression: Evidence from clinical and rodent studies. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 109:103555. [PMID: 32979495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent stress-related mental disorders worldwide. Several biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of MDD have been proposed, including endocrine disturbances, neurotransmitter deficits, impaired neuronal plasticity, and more recently, mitochondrial dysfunctions. In this review, we provide an overview of relevant molecular correlates of mitochondrial dysfunction in MDD, based on findings from clinical studies and stress-induced rodent models. We also compare differences and similarities between the phenotypes of MDD patients and animal models. Our analysis of the literature reveals that both MDD and stress are associated, in humans and animals, with changes in mitochondrial biogenesis, redox imbalance, increased oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules, and apoptosis. Yet, a considerable amount of conflicting data exist and therefore, the translation of findings from clinical and preclinical research to novel therapies for MDD remains complex. Further studies are needed to advance our understanding of the molecular networks and biological mechanisms involving mitochondria in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rappeneau
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Lars Wilmes
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Chadi Touma
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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15
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Xiong W, Liu H, Gong P, Wang Q, Ren Z, He M, Zhou G, Ma J, Guo X, Fan X, Liu M, Yang X, Shen Y, Zhang X. Relationships of coping styles and sleep quality with anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:108-115. [PMID: 31301610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited published research has examined the relationships of coping styles and sleep quality with anxiety symptoms in Chinese school adolescents. We aimed to explore the effect of coping styles and sleep quality on anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, we investigated the interactions of coping styles and sleep quality with anxiety symptoms. METHODS The survey was conducted in Jiangxi Province, China. The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Chinese Secondary School Students Anxiety Scale were utilized to assess sleep quality, coping styles and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the relationships of coping styles and sleep quality with anxiety symptoms. RESULTS A total of 3081 students participated in this study, 50.8% of whom were boys; the number of participants in grades 1, 2 and 3 were 979, 1085 and 1017, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 27.3%. Individuals with poor sleep quality were 3.558 (95% CI = 2.716-4.660) times as likely to have anxiety symptoms than those with good sleep quality. Higher negative coping style scores increased the prevalence of anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.101, 95% CI = 1.894-2.332), whereas higher positive coping style scores were related to reduced odds of anxiety symptoms (OR = 0.892, 95% CI = 0.800-0.995). Interactions of coping styles and sleep quality with anxiety symptoms were not found (all p > 0.05). The association between negative coping style and anxiety symptoms was mediated by sleep quality. LIMITATIONS This study was cross-sectional and limited to Ganzhou City. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study showed a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms compared with the result of a previous study in Chinese school adolescents. Negative coping style and poor sleep quality were associated with an increased prevalence of anxiety symptoms, whereas positive coping style was related to a decreased prevalence of anxiety symptoms. Sleep quality was a mediating factor between negative coping style and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Ren
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minfu He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinwen Fan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meitian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China; China Population Communication Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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16
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Abstract
AIMS The goals of the present study were to examine the associations between depressive symptoms, sleep problems and the risk of developing heart disease in a Canadian community sample. METHODS Baseline data were from the CARTaGENE study, a community health survey of adults aged 40-69 years in Quebec, Canada. Incidence of heart disease was examined in N = 33 455 participants by linking survey data with administrative health insurance data. Incident heart disease was identified using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, 9th or 10th edition (ICD-9 and ICD-10) diagnostic codes for heart disease. Sleep problems were assessed with diagnostic codes for sleep disorders within the 2 years preceding the baseline assessment. Average sleep duration was assessed by self-report. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. RESULTS In total, 2448 (7.3%) participants developed heart disease over an average follow-up period of 4.6 years. Compared to those without depressive symptoms and with no sleep disorders, those with elevated depressive symptoms and a sleep disorder (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.83-3.69), those with depressive symptoms alone (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.25-1.57) and those with sleep disorders alone (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.73) were more likely to develop heart disease. Test of additive interaction suggested a synergistic interaction between depressive symptoms and sleep disorders (synergy index = 2.17 [95% CI 1.01-4.64]). When sleep duration was considered, those with long sleep duration and elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to develop heart disease than those with long sleep alone (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.37-2.28; and HR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.99-1.36, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Depression and diagnosed sleep disorders or long sleep duration are independent risk factors for heart disease and are associated with a stronger risk of heart disease when occurring together.
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17
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Bublitz MH, Bourjeily G, D’Angelo C, Stroud LR. Maternal Sleep Quality and Diurnal Cortisol Regulation Over Pregnancy. Behav Sleep Med 2018; 16:282-293. [PMID: 27485239 PMCID: PMC6126356 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1210147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poor sleep in pregnancy is related to adverse neonatal health. Elevated maternal cortisol has been proposed as a pathway, yet the association in pregnancy is not well understood. The goals of the current study were to examine associations between (a) sleep and cortisol, (b) sleep, cortisol, and neonatal outcomes, and (c) variables that could explain these associations. Two hundred pregnant women completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer, 1989) and provided diurnal salivary cortisol samples at two times over pregnancy. Poor sleep quality was associated with greater evening cortisol concentrations at 36 weeks' gestation. This association was mediated by anxiety symptoms. Higher evening cortisol at 36 weeks' gestation was associated with shorter gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H. Bublitz
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, RI USA
| | - Ghada Bourjeily
- Department of Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, RI USA
| | - Christina D’Angelo
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI USA
| | - Laura R. Stroud
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, RI USA
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18
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Brown WJ, Wilkerson AK, Boyd SJ, Dewey D, Mesa F, Bunnell BE. A review of sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with anxiety. J Sleep Res 2017; 27:e12635. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson J. Brown
- Pennsylvania State University; The Behrend College; Erie PA USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Dewey
- Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center; Charleston SC USA
| | | | - Brian E. Bunnell
- Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center; Charleston SC USA
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19
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Uncertainty and stress: Why it causes diseases and how it is mastered by the brain. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:164-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Abstract
Background Stress and stressful life events have repeatedly been shown as causally related to depression. The Chronic Mild Stress rat model is a valid model of stress-induced depression. Like humans, rats display great heterogeneity in their response to stress and adversity. Hence some individuals are stress-sensitive and prone to develop depression-like behaviour in response to modest stressors, while others are stress-resilient and remain essentially symptom free. Objectives Compared to the large body of research, which describes stress-induced maladaptive neurobiological changes, relatively little attention has been devoted to understand resiliency to stress. The aim of the present study was to identify changes in neuronal activity, associated with stress-resilient and stress-susceptible chronic mild stress endophenotypes, by examining c-Fos expression in 13 different brain areas. Changes in c-Fos expression have been reported as associated to stressful conditions. Methods Stress-induced modulation of neuronal activation patterns in response to the chronic mild stress paradigm was mapped using the immediate early gene expression c-Fos as a marker. Quantification of the c-Fos-like immunoreactivity responses was done by semi-automated profile counting procedures and design-based stereology. Results Exposure to chronic mild stress significantly altered c-Fos expression in a total of 6 out of 13 investigated areas. Chronic mild stress was found to suppress the c-Fos response within the magnocellular ventral lateral geniculate nucleus of both stress subgroups. In the the lateral and ventral orbital cortices of stress-resilient rats, the c-Fos like immunoreactivity response was also repressed by stress exposure. On the contrary the c-Fos response within the amygdala, medial habenula, and infralimbic cortex was increased selectively for the stress-susceptible rats. Conclusions The study was initiated to characterize neuronal substrates associated with stress-coping mechanisms. Six areas, all of which represents limbic structures, were found to be sensitive to stress exposure. The effects within these areas associate to the hedonic status of the rats. Hence, these areas might be associated to stress-coping mechanisms underlying the chronic mild stress induced segregation into stress-susceptible and stress-resilient endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Febbraro
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- * E-mail: (FF); (OW)
| | - Katrine Svenningsen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Laboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Åbenrå, Denmark
| | - Thao Phuong Tran
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- * E-mail: (FF); (OW)
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21
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Yun S, Wennerholm M, Shelton JE, Bonaventure P, Letavic MA, Shireman BT, Lovenberg TW, Dugovic C. Selective Inhibition of Orexin-2 Receptors Prevents Stress-Induced ACTH Release in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:83. [PMID: 28533747 PMCID: PMC5420581 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexins peptides exert a prominent role in arousal-related processes including stress responding, by activating orexin-1 (OX1R) and orexin-2 (OX2R) receptors located widely throughout the brain. Stress or orexin administration stimulates hyperarousal, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone release, and selective OX1R blockade can attenuate several stress-induced behavioral and cardiovascular responses but not the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. As opposed to OX1R, OX2R are preferentially expressed in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus which is involved in the HPA axis regulation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a psychological stress elicited by cage exchange (CE) on ACTH release in two murine models (genetic and pharmacological) of selective OX2R inhibition. CE-induced stress produced a significant increase in ACTH serum levels. Mice lacking the OX2R exhibited a blunted stress response. Stress-induced ACTH release was absent in mice pre-treated with the selective OX2R antagonist JNJ-42847922 (30 mg/kg po), whereas pre-treatment with the dual OX1/2R antagonist SB-649868 (30 mg/kg po) only partially attenuated the increase of ACTH. To assess whether the intrinsic and distinct sleep-promoting properties of each antagonist could account for the differential stress response, a separate group of mice implanted with electrodes for standard sleep recording were orally dosed with JNJ-42847922 or SB-649868 during the light phase. While both compounds reduced the latency to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep without affecting its duration, a prevalent REM-sleep promoting effect was observed only in mice treated with the dual OX1/2R antagonist. These data indicate that in a psychological stress model, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of OX2R markedly attenuated stress-induced ACTH secretion, as a separately mediated effect from the NREM sleep induction of OX2R antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Yun
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C.San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Wennerholm
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C.San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan E Shelton
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C.San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pascal Bonaventure
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C.San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Letavic
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C.San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brock T Shireman
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C.San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Timothy W Lovenberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C.San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine Dugovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C.San Diego, CA, USA
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22
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Mohammadi SA, Burton TJ, Christie MJ. α9-nAChR knockout mice exhibit dysregulation of stress responses, affect and reward-related behaviour. Behav Brain Res 2017; 328:105-114. [PMID: 28408300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The α9α10-subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has recently garnered interest in biomedicine and is being pursued as an analgesic target. However, the receptor exhibits diverse tissue distribution, the function of which is known to varying degrees, and targeting this receptor for clinical treatments without a broad understanding of its function may have adverse consequences. The α9α10-nAChR is expressed in the adrenal and pituitary glands, suggesting a potential role in the stress response, but little is known about its function in this tissue. Here we determined a role for the α9α10-nAChR in behavioural and physiological stress responses, by comparing the stress- and affect-related phenotypes of wildtype and α9-nAChR knockout mice. Naïve knockout mice exhibited largely normal behaviour on standard tests of affective behaviour. However, after sub-chronic restraint stress knockout mice showed significantly decreased stress-induced arousal and increased anxiety-like behaviour when compared to wildtype animals. Physiologically, corticosterone responses were muted in knockout mice after an acute stressor, but exaggerated in response to the same stressor after undergoing sub-chronic stress. Behavioural profiling of the α9-nAChR knockout mice in the home-cage revealed that circadian patterns of activity were altered when compared to wildtype controls. Furthermore, knockout mice showed altered responses to a period of reward discounting, resulting in anhedonia-like behaviour in a sucrose preference test where WT mice continued to seek reward. These experiments uncover a novel role for the α9α10-nAChR in mounting a normal stress response and in the regulation of affective- and reward-related behaviour, and suggest that pursuing the receptor for clinical treatments may not be as straightforward as has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasa A Mohammadi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Thomas J Burton
- Animal Behavioural Facility, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - MacDonald J Christie
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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23
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Gentili C, Valenza G, Nardelli M, Lanatà A, Bertschy G, Weiner L, Mauri M, Scilingo EP, Pietrini P. Longitudinal monitoring of heartbeat dynamics predicts mood changes in bipolar patients: A pilot study. J Affect Disord 2017; 209:30-38. [PMID: 27870943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent research indicates that Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is affected in Bipolar Disorders (BD) patients. To determine whether such alterations are a mere expression of the current mood state or rather contain longitudinal information on BD course, we examined the potential influence of states adjacent in time upon HRV features measured in a target mood state. METHODS Longitudinal evaluation of HRV was obtained in eight BD patients by using a wearable monitoring system developed within the PSYCHE project. We extracted time-domain, frequency-domain and non-linear HRV-features and trained a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify HRV-features according to mood state. To evaluate the influence of adjacent mood states, we trained SVM with different HRV-feature sets: 1) belonging to each mood state considered alone; 2) belonging to each mood state and normalized using information from the preceding mood state; 3) belonging to each mood state and normalized using information from the preceding and subsequent mood states; 4) belonging to each mood state and normalized using information from two randomly chosen states. RESULTS SVM classification accuracy within a target state was significantly greater when HRV-features from the previous and subsequent mood states were considered. CONCLUSIONS Although preliminary and in need of replications our results suggest for the first time that psychophysiological states in BD contain information related to the subsequent ones. Such characteristic may be used to improve clinical management and to develop algorithms to predict clinical course and mood switches in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gentili
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35139 Padua, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Department of Information Engineering & Research Centre "E. Piaggio", School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Mimma Nardelli
- Department of Information Engineering & Research Centre "E. Piaggio", School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanatà
- Department of Information Engineering & Research Centre "E. Piaggio", School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Gilles Bertschy
- INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Pôle de Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Luisa Weiner
- INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Pôle de Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Mauro Mauri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Enzo Pasquale Scilingo
- Department of Information Engineering & Research Centre "E. Piaggio", School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Pietrini
- IMT School for Advanced Studies, Piazza San Ponziano, 6 - 55100 Lucca, Italy.
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24
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Fischer S, Strawbridge R, Vives AH, Cleare AJ. Cortisol as a predictor of psychological therapy response in depressive disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2017; 210:105-109. [PMID: 27908897 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.180653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with depressive disorders demonstrate resistance to psychological therapy. A frequent finding is hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis alterations. As cortisol is known to modulate cognitive processes, those patients may be less likely to profit from psychological therapy. AIMS To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on cortisol as a predictor of psychological therapy response. METHOD The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched. Records were included if they looked at patients with any depressive disorder engaging in psychological therapy, with a pre-treatment cortisol and a post-treatment symptom measure. RESULTS Eight articles satisfied our selection criteria. The higher the cortisol levels before starting psychological therapy, the more symptoms patients with depression experienced at the end of treatment and/or the smaller their symptom change. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that patients with depression with elevated HPA functioning are less responsive to psychological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fischer
- Susanne Fischer, PhD, Rebecca Strawbridge, MSc, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Andres Herane Vives, MD, DPM, MSc, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile and Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Anthony J. Cleare, BSc, MBBS, FRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Strawbridge
- Susanne Fischer, PhD, Rebecca Strawbridge, MSc, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Andres Herane Vives, MD, DPM, MSc, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile and Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Anthony J. Cleare, BSc, MBBS, FRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andres Herane Vives
- Susanne Fischer, PhD, Rebecca Strawbridge, MSc, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Andres Herane Vives, MD, DPM, MSc, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile and Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Anthony J. Cleare, BSc, MBBS, FRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony J Cleare
- Susanne Fischer, PhD, Rebecca Strawbridge, MSc, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Andres Herane Vives, MD, DPM, MSc, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile and Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Anthony J. Cleare, BSc, MBBS, FRCPsych, PhD, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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25
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Oster H, Challet E, Ott V, Arvat E, de Kloet ER, Dijk DJ, Lightman S, Vgontzas A, Van Cauter E. The Functional and Clinical Significance of the 24-Hour Rhythm of Circulating Glucocorticoids. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:3-45. [PMID: 27749086 PMCID: PMC5563520 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal glucocorticoids are major modulators of multiple functions, including energy metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cognition. The endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids is normally characterized by a prominent and robust circadian (around 24 hours) oscillation, with a daily peak around the time of the habitual sleep-wake transition and minimal levels in the evening and early part of the night. It has long been recognized that this 24-hour rhythm partly reflects the activity of a master circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the past decade, secondary circadian clocks based on the same molecular machinery as the central master pacemaker were found in other brain areas as well as in most peripheral tissues, including the adrenal glands. Evidence is rapidly accumulating to indicate that misalignment between central and peripheral clocks has a host of adverse effects. The robust rhythm in circulating glucocorticoid levels has been recognized as a major internal synchronizer of the circadian system. The present review examines the scientific foundation of these novel advances and their implications for health and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Oster
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Etienne Challet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Volker Ott
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Alexandros Vgontzas
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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26
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Asken BM, Sullan MJ, Snyder AR, Houck ZM, Bryant VE, Hizel LP, McLaren ME, Dede DE, Jaffee MS, DeKosky ST, Bauer RM. Factors Influencing Clinical Correlates of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): a Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2016; 26:340-363. [PMID: 27561662 PMCID: PMC5507554 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-016-9327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neuropathologically defined disease reportedly linked to a history of repetitive brain trauma. As such, retired collision sport athletes are likely at heightened risk for developing CTE. Researchers have described distinct pathological features of CTE as well a wide range of clinical symptom presentations, recently termed traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). These clinical symptoms are highly variable, non-specific to individuals described as having CTE pathology in case reports, and are often associated with many other factors. This review describes the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes associated with 1) developmental and demographic factors, 2) neurodevelopmental disorders, 3) normal aging, 4) adjusting to retirement, 5) drug and alcohol abuse, 6) surgeries and anesthesia, and 7) sleep difficulties, as well as the relationship between these factors and risk for developing dementia-related neurodegenerative disease. We discuss why some professional athletes may be particularly susceptible to many of these effects and the importance of choosing appropriate controls groups when designing research protocols. We conclude that these factors should be considered as modifiers predominantly of the clinical outcomes associated with repetitive brain trauma within a broader biopsychosocial framework when interpreting and attributing symptom development, though also note potential effects on neuropathological outcomes. Importantly, this could have significant treatment implications for improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breton M Asken
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Molly J Sullan
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aliyah R Snyder
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zachary M Houck
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vaughn E Bryant
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Loren P Hizel
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Molly E McLaren
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duane E Dede
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Jaffee
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Russell M Bauer
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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27
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Gao Q, Gao Y, Song H, Li J, Wu Y, Shi X, Shi H, Ma Y. Cipadesin A, a bioactive ingredient of Xylocarpus granatum, produces antidepressant-like effects in adult mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Jawinski P, Sander C, Mauche N, Spada J, Huang J, Schmidt A, Häntzsch M, Burkhardt R, Scholz M, Hegerl U, Hensch T. Brain Arousal Regulation in Carriers of Bipolar Disorder Risk Alleles. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:65-73. [PMID: 26509803 DOI: 10.1159/000437438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent genome-wide association studies identified a number of chromosomal risk loci for bipolar disorder (BD, 'manic-depressive illness'). According to the vigilance regulation model, the regulation of brain arousal (referred to as 'vigilance') when assessed via EEG is an emerging biomarker linked to the pathogenesis of manic and depressive episodes. On this basis, the present study aimed to assess whether carriers of BD risk alleles differ in brain arousal regulation. METHODS Healthy participants of the population-based Leipzig Health Care Study (LIFE) underwent a 20-min eyes-closed resting EEG paradigm. Brain arousal was assessed applying the computer-based Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL). The primary sample (n = 540) was genotyped for ten of the most reliable BD risk variants, of which two qualified for replication (n = 509). RESULTS Primary sample analyses revealed Bonferroni-adjusted significance for rs1006737 in CACNA1C (encoding a calcium channel subunit), with risk allele carriers exhibiting relatively steep brain arousal declines. Further, carriers of two risk alleles of rs472913 at 1p32.1 showed generally lower brain arousal levels for the duration of the resting paradigm. However, both associations failed replication. CONCLUSION Although our initial findings are in line with the vigilance regulation model and convincing in view of the previously reported notable role of ion channelopathies in BD, our results do not provide consistent evidence for a link between BD risk variants and brain arousal regulation. Several between-sample differences may account for this inconsistency. The molecular genetics of brain arousal regulation remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jawinski
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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A meta-analysis of cognitive performance in melancholic versus non-melancholic unipolar depression. J Affect Disord 2016; 201:15-24. [PMID: 27156095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently there is increasing recognition of cognitive dysfunction as a core feature of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The goal of the current meta-analysis was to review and examine in detail the specific features of cognitive dysfunction in Melancholic (MEL) versus Non-Melancholic (NMEL) MDD. METHODS An electronic literature search was performed to find studies comparing cognitive performance in MEL versus NMEL. A meta-analysis of broad cognitive domains (processing speed, reasoning/problem solving, verbal learning, visual learning, attention/working memory) was conducted on all included studies (n=9). Sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were also conducted to detect possible effects of moderator variables (age, gender, education, symptom severity and presence of treatments). RESULTS MEL patients were older and more severly depressed than NMEL subjects. The MEL group was characterized by a worse cognitive performance in attention/working memory (ES=-0.31), visual learning (ES=-0.35) and reasoning/problem solving (ES=-0.46). No difference was detected in drug-free patients by sensitivity analyses. No effect was found for any of our moderators on the cognitive performance in MEL vs NMEL. CONCLUSION Our findings seem to support a moderate but specific effect of melancholic features in affecting the cognitive performance of MDD, in particular as regards visual learning and executive functions.
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Tahara Y, Aoyama S, Shibata S. The mammalian circadian clock and its entrainment by stress and exercise. J Physiol Sci 2016; 67:1-10. [PMID: 27084533 PMCID: PMC5138246 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock regulates day-night fluctuations in various physiological processes. The circadian clock consists of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues. External environmental cues, including light/dark cycles, food intake, stress, and exercise, provide important information for adjusting clock phases. This review focuses on stress and exercise as potent entrainment signals for both central and peripheral clocks, especially in regard to the timing of stimuli, types of stressors/exercises, and differences in the responses of rodents and humans. We suggest that the common signaling pathways of clock entrainment by stress and exercise involve sympathetic nervous activation and glucocorticoid release. Furthermore, we demonstrate that physiological responses to stress and exercise depend on time of day. Therefore, using exercise to maintain the circadian clock at an appropriate phase and amplitude might be effective for preventing obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu 2-2, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.,Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Aoyama
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu 2-2, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu 2-2, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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Darcet F, Gardier AM, Gaillard R, David DJ, Guilloux JP. Cognitive Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder. A Translational Review in Animal Models of the Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9010009. [PMID: 26901205 PMCID: PMC4812373 DOI: 10.3390/ph9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disease, affecting millions of people worldwide. In addition to the well-defined depressive symptoms, patients suffering from MDD consistently complain about cognitive disturbances, significantly exacerbating the burden of this illness. Among cognitive symptoms, impairments in attention, working memory, learning and memory or executive functions are often reported. However, available data about the heterogeneity of MDD patients and magnitude of cognitive symptoms through the different phases of MDD remain difficult to summarize. Thus, the first part of this review briefly overviewed clinical studies, focusing on the cognitive dysfunctions depending on the MDD type. As animal models are essential translational tools for underpinning the mechanisms of cognitive deficits in MDD, the second part of this review synthetized preclinical studies observing cognitive deficits in different rodent models of anxiety/depression. For each cognitive domain, we determined whether deficits could be shared across models. Particularly, we established whether specific stress-related procedures or unspecific criteria (such as species, sex or age) could segregate common cognitive alteration across models. Finally, the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents in cognitive dysfunctions during MDD state was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Darcet
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry 92296, France.
| | - Alain M Gardier
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry 92296, France.
| | - Raphael Gaillard
- Laboratoire de "Physiopathologie des maladies Psychiatriques", Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences U894, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France.
- Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France.
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Denis J David
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry 92296, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Guilloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry 92296, France.
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Quarini C, Pearson RM, Stein A, Ramchandani PG, Lewis G, Evans J. Are female children more vulnerable to the long-term effects of maternal depression during pregnancy? J Affect Disord 2016; 189:329-35. [PMID: 26469300 PMCID: PMC4650986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female fetuses are more vulnerable to high levels of maternal glucocorticoids. We examined whether exposure to prenatal maternal depression, a condition associated with high glucocorticoids, carries greater risk for depression at 12 and 18 years in girls. METHODS Our sample comprised 7959 mothers and children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children following imputation for missing data. Maternal depression was assessed pre-and post-natally, and offspring depression at ages 12 and 18. We used logistic regression models to examine the relationship between exposure to prenatal and postnatal depression and offspring depression at 18 and 12 and interactions with gender. RESULTS There was an interaction between prenatal depression and gender (P=0.027) and between postnatal depression and gender (P=0.027) for offspring depression at 18. Following adjustment in pre-natally depressed mothers, the odds ratio for offspring depression at 18 was 1.55 (95% c.i. 1.03-2.34) for girls and 0.54 (0.23-1.26) for boys. In post-natally depressed mothers, the odds ratio for offspring depression at 18 was 1.15 (0.70-1.89) in girls and 3.13 (1.52-6.45) in boys. However there was no evidence for interaction between prenatal or postnatal depression and gender (P=0.559 and 0.780 respectively) for offspring depression at 12. LIMITATIONS As expected with this large cohort spanning over 18 years, there was loss-to-follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This is the first evidence in humans that increased vulnerability of female fetuses to maternal stress responses during pregnancy persists into adolescence. One explanation for gender differences emerging later is more depressive symptomatology is attributed to heritable risk at 12, whereas biological processes involved in brain development at 18 may be influenced by foetal programming. If replicated, this study has potential to help understand intergenerational transmission of depression, a leading cause of morbidity worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Lane, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Paul G Ramchandani
- Centre for Mental Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Charles Bell house, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Jonathan Evans
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
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Cognition-related brain networks underpin the symptoms of unipolar depression: Evidence from a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 61:53-65. [PMID: 26562681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review sources the latest neuroimaging evidence for the role of cognition-related brain networks in depression, and relates their abnormal functioning to symptoms of the disorder. Using theoretically informed and rigorous inclusion criteria, we integrate findings from 59 functional neuroimaging studies of adults with unipolar depression using a narrative approach. Results demonstrate that two distinct neurocognitive networks, the autobiographic memory network (AMN) and the cognitive control network (CCN), are central to the symptomatology of depression. Specifically, hyperactivity of the introspective AMN is linked to pathological brooding, self-blame, rumination. Anticorrelated under-engagement of the CCN is associated with indecisiveness, negative automatic thoughts, poor concentration, distorted cognitive processing. Downstream effects of this imbalance include reduced regulation of networks linked to the vegetative and affective symptoms of depression. The configurations of these networks can change between individuals and over time, plausibly accounting for both the variable presentation of depressive disorders and their fluctuating course. Framing depression as a disorder of neurocognitive networks directly links neurobiology to psychiatric practice, aiding researchers and clinicians alike.
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Yin X, Li X, Hao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Shi H. Xylocarpin H, a Limonoid of <i>Xylocarpus granatum</i>, Produces Antidepressant-Like Activities in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2015.511050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Henje Blom E, Duncan LG, Ho TC, Connolly CG, LeWinn KZ, Chesney M, Hecht FM, Yang TT. The development of an RDoC-based treatment program for adolescent depression: "Training for Awareness, Resilience, and Action" (TARA). Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:630. [PMID: 25191250 PMCID: PMC4137278 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the current leading causes of disability worldwide. Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the onset of depression, with MDD affecting 8–20% of all youth. Traditional treatment methods have not been sufficiently effective to slow the increasing prevalence of adolescent depression. We therefore propose a new model for the treatment of adolescent depression – Training for Awareness, Resilience, and Action (TARA) – that is based on current understanding of developmental and depression neurobiology. The TARA model is aligned with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) of the National Institute of Mental Health. In this article, we first address the relevance of RDoC to adolescent depression. Second, we identify the major RDoC domains of function involved in adolescent depression and organize them in a way that gives priority to domains thought to be driving the psychopathology. Third, we select therapeutic training strategies for TARA based on current scientific evidence of efficacy for the prioritized domains of function in a manner that maximizes time, resources, and feasibility. The TARA model takes into consideration the developmental limitation in top-down cognitive control in adolescence and promotes bottom-up strategies such as vagal afference to decrease limbic hyperactivation and its secondary effects. The program has been informed by mindfulness-based therapy and yoga, as well as modern psychotherapeutic techniques. The treatment program is semi-manualized, progressive, and applied in a module-based approach designed for a group setting that is to be conducted one session per week for 12 weeks. We hope that this work may form the basis for a novel and more effective treatment strategy for adolescent depression, as well as broaden the discussion on how to address this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Henje Blom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Larissa G Duncan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA ; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Colm G Connolly
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Chesney
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA ; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frederick M Hecht
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA ; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony T Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
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Efficacy and safety of selegiline transdermal system (STS) for the atypical subtype of major depressive disorder: pooled analysis of 5 short-term, placebo-controlled trials. CNS Spectr 2014; 19:324-9. [PMID: 24168807 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852913000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of the selegiline transdermal system (STS) in major depressive disorder (MDD) with atypical features. METHODS This was a post-hoc analysis of 5 short-term trials. The atypical subtype was defined as the presence of at least 1 item with a score of 2 or greater from items 22-26 on the 28-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-28), and a maximum score of 1 point for items 6 (insomnia late), 12 (somatic symptoms, gastrointestinal), and 16 (loss of weight) to exclude vegetative features of melancholic depression. The mean changes of HAMD-28 total score from baseline to the endpoint (response rate defined as ≥50% reduction in HAMD-28 scores and remission rate defined as ≤10 HAMD-28 total score at the treatment endpoint) were compared between atypical and nonatypical groups. RESULTS In this analysis, 352 subjects (STS = 168 vs placebo = 184) met the definition of atypical subtype at baseline. STS (n = 641) significantly decreased HAMD-28 total score compared with placebo (n = 648) from beginning to end of treatment (-10.7 ± 9.3 vs -9.4 ± 9.3; p = 0.014). STS showed comparable efficacy in patients with the atypical subtype compared with the nonatypical subtype for placebo-subtracted mean change in HAMD-28 total score (-2.11 ± 1.01 vs. -1.0 ± 0.60; p = 0.34), odds ratio (OR) for response (1.41 vs 1.23, p = 0.62), and OR for remission (1.77 vs 1.18, p = 0.22). CONCLUSION STS appears to be comparably efficacious and tolerable in atypical and nonatypical subtypes of MDD. Adequately powered, controlled, clinical trials are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Tsai J, Elhai JD, Pietrzak RH, Hoff RA, Harpaz-Rotem I. Comparing four competing models of depressive symptomatology: a confirmatory factor analytic study of 986,647 U.S. veterans. J Affect Disord 2014; 165:166-9. [PMID: 24882195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few rigorous studies have examined the factor structure of major depression symptoms as assessed by current diagnostic systems. This study evaluated four competing models of depressive symptomatology among a large, heterogeneous sample of U.S. veterans. METHODS To determine the best fitting model of major depressive symptoms among four competing models, this study conducted a series of confirmatory factor analyses on a national sample of 986,647 U.S. veterans. RESULTS A two-factor model first reported by Krause, Reed, and McArdle (2010) provided superior fit to symptom-level data compared to three other models. The optimal model consists of a somatic factor including anhedonia, sleep difficulties, fatigue, appetite changes, concentration difficulties, and psychomotor agitation; and a non-somatic factor including depressed mood, feelings of worthlessness, and thoughts of death. Factorial invariance testing found this model to be invariant by gender and major depression diagnosis. LIMITATIONS A widely used self-report measure of depression was used and the sample consisted solely of veterans so further study is needed with clinician-administered measures and non-veteran samples. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings support separating symptoms of major depression into somatic and non-somatic factors which may have clinical relevance, and help clarify debates about the factor structure of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tsai
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs New England Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 950 Campbell Avenue, 151D, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 63606, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Rani A Hoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Veterans Affairs Northeast Program Evaluation Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Bennion KA, Mickley Steinmetz KR, Kensinger EA, Payne JD. Eye tracking, cortisol, and a sleep vs. wake consolidation delay: combining methods to uncover an interactive effect of sleep and cortisol on memory. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24962611 DOI: 10.3791/51500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rises in cortisol can benefit memory consolidation, as can sleep soon after encoding, there is currently a paucity of literature as to how these two factors may interact to influence consolidation. Here we present a protocol to examine the interactive influence of cortisol and sleep on memory consolidation, by combining three methods: eye tracking, salivary cortisol analysis, and behavioral memory testing across sleep and wake delays. To assess resting cortisol levels, participants gave a saliva sample before viewing negative and neutral objects within scenes. To measure overt attention, participants' eye gaze was tracked during encoding. To manipulate whether sleep occurred during the consolidation window, participants either encoded scenes in the evening, slept overnight, and took a recognition test the next morning, or encoded scenes in the morning and remained awake during a comparably long retention interval. Additional control groups were tested after a 20 min delay in the morning or evening, to control for time-of-day effects. Together, results showed that there is a direct relation between resting cortisol at encoding and subsequent memory, only following a period of sleep. Through eye tracking, it was further determined that for negative stimuli, this beneficial effect of cortisol on subsequent memory may be due to cortisol strengthening the relation between where participants look during encoding and what they are later able to remember. Overall, results obtained by a combination of these methods uncovered an interactive effect of sleep and cortisol on memory consolidation.
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Le Dantec Y, Hache G, Guilloux JP, Guiard BP, David DJ, Adrien J, Escourrou P. NREM sleep hypersomnia and reduced sleep/wake continuity in a neuroendocrine mouse model of anxiety/depression based on chronic corticosterone administration. Neuroscience 2014; 274:357-68. [PMID: 24909899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep/wake disorders are frequently associated with anxiety and depression and to elevated levels of cortisol. Even though these alterations are increasingly sought in animal models, no study has investigated the specific effects of chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration on sleep. We characterized sleep/wake disorders in a neuroendocrine mouse model of anxiety/depression, based on chronic CORT administration in the drinking water (35 μg/ml for 4 weeks, "CORT model"). The CORT model was markedly affected during the dark phase by non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) increase without consistent alteration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Total sleep duration (SD) and sleep efficiency (SE) increased concomitantly during both the 24h and the dark phase, due to the increase in the number of NREM sleep episodes without a change in their mean duration. Conversely, the total duration of wake decreased due to a decrease in the mean duration of wake episodes despite an increase in their number. These results reflect hypersomnia by intrusion of NREM sleep during the active period as well as a decrease in sleep/wake continuity. In addition, NREM sleep was lighter, with an increased electroencephalogram (EEG) theta activity. With regard to REM sleep, the number and the duration of episodes decreased, specifically during the first part of the light period. REM and NREM sleep changes correlated respectively with the anxiety and the anxiety/depressive-like phenotypes, supporting the notion that studying sleep could be of predictive value for altered emotional behavior. The chronic CORT model in mice that displays hallmark characteristics of anxiety and depression provides an insight into understanding the changes in overall sleep architecture that occur under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Le Dantec
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
| | - G Hache
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - J P Guilloux
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - B P Guiard
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - D J David
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - J Adrien
- UMR975, CRicm - INSERM/CNRS/UPMC, Neurotransmetteurs et Sommeil, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - P Escourrou
- Univ Paris-Sud, EA3544, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Département de Physiologie, Centre de Médecine du Sommeil, 92141 Clamart cedex, France
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Andreescu C, Teverovsky E, Fu B, Hughes TF, Chang CCH, Ganguli M. Old worries and new anxieties: behavioral symptoms and mild cognitive impairment in a population study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:274-84. [PMID: 23759435 PMCID: PMC3783616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To disentangle the complex associations of depression and anxiety with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at the population level. We examined subgroups of anxiety symptoms and depression symptom profiles in relation to MCI, which we defined using both cognitive and functional approaches. METHODS We used an epidemiologic, cross-sectional study with an age-stratified, random, population-based sample of 1,982 individuals aged 65 years and over. Three definitions of MCI were used: 1) a purely cognitive classification into amnestic and nonamnestic MCI, 2) a combined cognitive-functional definition by International Working Group (IWG) criteria, and 3) a purely functional definition by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5. Three depression profiles were identified by factor analysis of the modified Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale: core mood, self-esteem/interpersonal, and apathy/neurovegetative profiles. Three anxiety groups, chronic mild worry, chronic severe anxiety, and recent-onset anxiety, were based on screening questions. RESULTS Recent-onset anxiety was associated with MCI by nonamnestic and IWG criteria, chronic severe anxiety was associated with MCI by all definitions, and chronic mild worry was associated with none. Of the depression profiles, the core mood profile was associated with CDR-defined MCI, the apathy/neurovegetative profile was associated with MCI by amnestic, IWG, and CDR definitions, and the self-esteem/interpersonal profile was associated with none. CONCLUSION In this population-based sample, subgroups with different anxiety and depression profiles had different relationships with cognitive and functional definitions of MCI. Anxiety, depression, and MCI are all multidimensional entities, interacting in complex ways that may shed light on underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Andreescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Esther Teverovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
| | - Tiffany F. Hughes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Chung-Chou H. Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
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Keenan K, Hipwell A, Babinski D, Bortner J, Henneberger A, Hinze A, Klostermann S, Rischall M, Sapotichne B. Examining the developmental interface of cortisol and depression symptoms in young adolescent girls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:2291-9. [PMID: 23726646 PMCID: PMC3776001 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the substantial amount of data supporting a link between HPA-axis functioning and depression, the ontogeny of this association is not known. The aim of the present study was to contribute data on the developmental interface of HPA-axis functioning and depression in girls by testing associations between repeated measures of depression symptoms and cortisol levels in childhood and early adolescence. Girls (N=232) and their mothers, who were participating in a longitudinal study, were interviewed about depression symptoms annually from ages 9 to 12 years. Cortisol was assayed from saliva at ages 10 and 12 years upon arrival to the lab and following administration of the cold pressor task (CPT). Time of day of collection of saliva and level of pubertal development were included as covariates in model testing. Although most girls did not show an increase in cortisol in response to the CPT, lower levels of output during the CPT were associated with higher levels of depression symptoms. These findings were observed only for cortisol levels assessed at age 12 years. Girls with low levels of cortisol output at age 12, and decreases in output from ages 10 to 12, had stable or slightly increasing depression symptoms from ages 9 to 12 years. We conclude that associations between HPA-axis functioning and depression emerge as early as age 12. However, individual differences in cortisol levels at age 12 also were associated with depression symptoms at earlier ages. The data suggest two possibilities: (1) that childhood depression is associated with HPA-axis dysregulation, but that age related changes in the sensitivity or plasticity of the HPA-axis may result in a delay in the emergence of such an association, or (2) that dysregulation of the functioning of the HPA-axis develops following repeated experience of depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, MC 3077, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Alison Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dara Babinski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jenna Bortner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Angela Henneberger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Amanda Hinze
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Susan Klostermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Michal Rischall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Brenna Sapotichne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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42
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Bennion KA, Mickley Steinmetz KR, Kensinger EA, Payne JD. Sleep and cortisol interact to support memory consolidation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:646-57. [PMID: 24072888 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Separate lines of research have demonstrated that rises in cortisol can benefit memory consolidation, as can the occurrence of sleep soon after encoding. For the first time, we demonstrate that pre-learning cortisol interacts with sleep to benefit memory consolidation, particularly for negative arousing items. Resting cortisol levels during encoding were positively correlated with subsequent memory, but only following a period of sleep. There was no such relation following a period of wakefulness. Using eye tracking, we further reveal that for negative stimuli, this facilitative effect may arise because cortisol strengthens the relationship between looking time at encoding and subsequent memory. We suggest that elevated cortisol may "tag" attended information as important to remember at the time of encoding, thus enabling sleep-based processes to optimally consolidate salient information in a selective manner. Neuroimaging data suggest that this optimized consolidation leads to a refinement of the neural processes recruited for successful retrieval of negative stimuli, with the retrieval of items attended in the presence of elevated cortisol and consolidated over a night of sleep associated with activity in the amygdala and vmPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Bennion
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Katherine R Mickley Steinmetz
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA Wofford College, R. Milliken Science Center 231D, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA
| | | | - Jessica D Payne
- Department of Psychology, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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43
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Lamers F, Vogelzangs N, Merikangas KR, de Jonge P, Beekman ATF, Penninx BWJH. Evidence for a differential role of HPA-axis function, inflammation and metabolic syndrome in melancholic versus atypical depression. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:692-9. [PMID: 23089630 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the inflammatory response system have been suggested as pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Although meta-analyses do confirm associations between depression and these biological systems, effect sizes vary greatly among individual studies. A potentially important factor explaining variability is heterogeneity of MDD. Aim of this study was to evaluate the association between depressive subtypes (based on latent class analysis) and biological measures. Data from 776 persons from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, including 111 chronic depressed persons with melancholic depression, 122 with atypical depression and 543 controls were analyzed. Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α), metabolic syndrome components, body mass index (BMI), saliva cortisol awakening curves (area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) and with respect to the increase (AUCi)), and diurnal cortisol slope were compared among groups. Persons with melancholic depression had a higher AUCg and higher diurnal slope compared with persons with atypical depression and with controls. Persons with atypical depression had significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers, BMI, waist circumference and triglycerides, and lower high-density lipid cholesterol than persons with melancholic depression and controls. This study confirms that chronic forms of the two major subtypes of depression are associated with different biological correlates with inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation in atypical depression and HPA-axis hyperactivity in melancholic depression. The data provide further evidence that chronic forms of depressive subtypes differ not only in their symptom presentation, but also in their biological correlates. These findings have important implications for future research on pathophysiological pathways of depression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lamers
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3720, USA.
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44
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A magnetic resonance imaging study of hippocampal, amygdala and subgenual prefrontal cortex volumes in major depression subtypes: melancholic versus psychotic depression. J Affect Disord 2013; 146:197-204. [PMID: 23021193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volumetric studies examining brain structure in depression subtypes are limited and inconclusive. The aim of the current study was to compare the volumes of brain regions previously implicated in depression among patients with melancholic major depressive disorder (MDD), patients with psychotic MDD and normal controls. METHODS Twenty two patients with melancholic MDD, 17 with psychotic MDD and 18 normal controls were included in the study. Hippocampal (HV), amygdala (AV), anterior (ASCV) and posterior (PSCV) subgenual cortex volumes were measured on magnetic resonance volumetric images. RESULTS There were no volumetric differences between patients with melancholic and psychotic subgroups. We identified larger AVs and smaller left ASCVs in both patient groups compared to controls with medium to large effect sizes. Regression analysis revealed that AVs were predicted by the presence of depression, late depression-onset, insomnia and left hippocampal tail volume in patients, but not in controls. There were no differences in HVs, right ASCVs and PSCVs across the 3 groups. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, a possible inclusion of paracingulate gyrus in ASCV and PSCV tracings, significant differences in education level and medication status are discussed as limitations. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostically delineated melancholic and psychotic MDD patients do not differ in medial temporal and cingulate volumes. However, significant volumetric differences were detected between both patient-groups and controls.
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45
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Assessment of a multi-assay, serum-based biological diagnostic test for major depressive disorder: a pilot and replication study. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:332-9. [PMID: 22158016 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of intensive research, the development of a diagnostic test for major depressive disorder (MDD) had proven to be a formidable and elusive task, with all individual marker-based approaches yielding insufficient sensitivity and specificity for clinical use. In the present work, we examined the diagnostic performance of a multi-assay, serum-based test in two independent samples of patients with MDD. Serum levels of nine biomarkers (alpha1 antitrypsin, apolipoprotein CIII, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cortisol, epidermal growth factor, myeloperoxidase, prolactin, resistin and soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor type II) in peripheral blood were measured in two samples of MDD patients, and one of the non-depressed control subjects. Biomarkers measured were agreed upon a priori, and were selected on the basis of previous exploratory analyses in separate patient/control samples. Individual assay values were combined mathematically to yield an MDDScore. A 'positive' test, (consistent with the presence of MDD) was defined as an MDDScore of 50 or greater. For the Pilot Study, 36 MDD patients were recruited along with 43 non-depressed subjects. In this sample, the test demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 81.3%, respectively, in differentiating between the two groups. The Replication Study involved 34 MDD subjects, and yielded nearly identical sensitivity and specificity (91.1% and 81%, respectively). The results of the present study suggest that this test can differentiate MDD subjects from non-depressed controls with adequate sensitivity and specificity. Further research is needed to confirm the performance of the test across various age and ethnic groups, and in different clinical settings.
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46
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Workman JL, Brummelte S, Galea LAM. Postpartum corticosterone administration reduces dendritic complexity and increases the density of mushroom spines of hippocampal CA3 arbours in dams. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:119-30. [PMID: 22935038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 15% of mothers after giving birth. A complete understanding of depression during the postpartum period has yet to be established, although disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and stress during the postpartum may be involved. To model these components in rats, we administered high corticosterone (CORT) postpartum, which increases immobility in the forced swim test (FST), and reduces maternal care, body weight and hippocampal cell proliferation in dams. The hippocampus is altered in response to chronic stress, exposure to high glucocorticoids and in major depression in humans. In the present study, we examined whether high CORT reduced dendritic complexity and spines in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Additionally, housing complexity was manipulated so that dams and litters were housed either with tubes (complex) or without tubes (impoverished) to investigate the consequences of new animal care regulations. Dams received 40 mg/kg/day of CORT or oil starting on day 2 postpartum for 23 days. Maternal behaviours were assessed on postpartum days 2-8 and dams were tested using the FST on days 21 and 22. Dams were killed on day 24 and brains were processed for Golgi impregnation. Pyramidal cells in the CA3 subfield were traced using a camera lucida and analysed for branch points and dendritic complexity, as well as spine density and type on both basal and apical arbours. As previously established, high CORT postpartum reduced maternal care and increased immobility in the FST, which is a measure of depressive-like behaviour. High CORT postpartum reduced the complexity of basal arbours and increased mushroom spines on both apical and basal dendrites. Housing complexity had no effect on spines of CA3 pyramidal cells but modest effects on cell morphology. These data show that chronic high CORT in postpartum females alters hippocampal morphology and may provide insight regarding the neurobiological consequences of high stress or CORT during the postpartum period, as well as be relevant for postpartum stress or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Workman
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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47
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Valvassori SS, Budni J, Varela RB, Quevedo J. Contributions of animal models to the study of mood disorders. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2013; 35 Suppl 2:S121-31. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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48
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Christiansen S, Bouzinova EV, Palme R, Wiborg O. Circadian activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is differentially affected in the rat chronic mild stress model of depression. Stress 2012; 15:647-57. [PMID: 22217141 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.654370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is often observed in stress-related disorders. According to the literature, about 60% of patients with major depressive disorder elicit high levels of cortisol. It is still unclear why high cortisol levels are not observed in all patients. In this study, we used the chronic mild stress (CMS) rat model of depression, which is based on continuous exposure to unpredictable stressors, to track longitudinal changes in HPA function using fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM) as a read out. The dexamethasone suppression test was used to assess negative feedback inhibition of the HPA axis. Our results show (1) a disturbance in diurnal corticosterone rhythm measured as fluctuations of the diurnal FCM peak, (2) differences in corticosterone levels between stress-susceptible and stress-resilient animals, (3) recovery of diurnal corticosterone rhythm after 8 weeks of CMS, and (4) alterations in sensitivity to dexamethasone in negative feedback regulation of corticosterone secretion during the time course of CMS. Thus, a disruption of HPA axis circadian rhythmicity coincides with the initial state in the development of depression-like behavior. This chronobiological abnormality, as well as the hypersecretion of corticosterone, is state, rather than trait, dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Christiansen
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, InCuba Science Park Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
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49
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Hegerl U, Hensch T. The vigilance regulation model of affective disorders and ADHD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 44:45-57. [PMID: 23092655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
According to the recently proposed vigilance model of affective disorders (vigilance in the sense of "brain arousal"), manic behaviour is partly interpreted as an autoregulatory attempt to stabilise vigilance by creating a stimulating environment, and the sensation avoidance and withdrawal in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is seen as an autoregulatory reaction to tonically increased vigilance. Indeed, using a newly developed EEG-based algorithm, hyperstable vigilance was found in MDD, and the contrary, with rapid drops to sleep stages, in mania. Furthermore, destabilising vigilance (e.g. by sleep deprivation) triggers (hypo)mania and improves depression, whereas stabilising vigilance, e.g. by prolonged sleep, improves mania. ADHD and mania have common symptoms, and the unstable vigilance might be a common pathophysiology. There is even evidence that psychostimulants might ameliorate both ADHD and mania. Hyperactivity of the noradrenergic system could explain both the high vigilance level in MDD and, as recently argued, anhedonia and behavioural inhibition. Interestingly, antidepressants and electroconvulsions decrease the firing rate of neurons in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, whereas many antimanic drugs have opposite effects.
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Key Words
- Vigilance regulation, Arousal, EEG, Autoregulatory behaviour, Sensation seeking, Novelty seeking, Mania, ADHD, Bipolar disorder, Depression, Noradrenergic system, Norepinephrine, Locus coeruleus, Anti-manic drugs, Antidepressants
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tilman Hensch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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50
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O'Keane V, Frodl T, Dinan TG. A review of Atypical depression in relation to the course of depression and changes in HPA axis organization. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:1589-99. [PMID: 22497986 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a clinically heterogenous condition defined by sub-types that can have diametrically opposed features, such as sleep and appetite. Within the same individual these features may change over time, and different symptom clusters may respond selectively to different treatments. It has been hypothesized that different pathophysiological processes may be operating in the different sub-types of depression and specifically that Melancholic depression may be associated with relative overactivity, and Atypical depression with relative hypoactivity, of the hypothalamic drive of the HPA axis. A consistent finding that emerges from the literature is that the experience of depression alters over the course of the illness with the features of Atypical depression dominating a more chronic clinical picture. This suggests that different stress states characterize the different profiles of depression as the illness becomes more chronic. There is evidence that the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) control of HPA axis output is reduced in Atypical, compared to Melancholic, sub-types, but there is no convincing evidence that overall HPA activity, i.e., cortisol output, reduces. We suggest that there is a "switch" in the regulation of the HPA system from CRH to arginine vasopressin (AVP) control as stress becomes more sustained or repeated; resulting in an altered homeostasis within the HPA system. Cortisol, and the neuropeptides CRH and AVP, have different neurobiological, behavioural and experiental effects. The "switch" process should result in different neuropeptide/cortisol combinations and ratios and may explain the changing profile of depression over time. The heuristic merit in making a distinction between the different clinical states of depression will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica O'Keane
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, AMNCH (Tallaght) Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland.
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