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Sadler JR, Thapaliya G, Ranganath K, Gabay A, Chen L, Smith KR, Osorio RS, Convit A, Carnell S. Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13042. [PMID: 37202148 PMCID: PMC10826337 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with differences in brain structure and function and in general and food-related cognition in adults. Here, we review evidence for similar phenomena in children and adolescents, with a focus on the implications of extant research for possible underlying mechanisms and potential interventions for obesity and MetS in youth. Current evidence is limited by a relative reliance on small cross-sectional studies. However, we find that youth with obesity and MetS or MetS components show differences in brain structure, including alterations in grey matter volume and cortical thickness across brain regions subserving reward, cognitive control and other functions, as well as in white matter integrity and volume. Children with obesity and MetS components also show some evidence for hyperresponsivity of food reward regions and hyporesponsivity of cognitive control circuits during food-related tasks, altered brain responses to food tastes, and altered resting-state connectivity including between cognitive control and reward processing networks. Potential mechanisms for these findings include neuroinflammation, impaired vascular reactivity, and effects of diet and obesity on myelination and dopamine function. Future observational research using longitudinal measures, improved sampling strategies and study designs, and rigorous statistical methods, promises to further illuminate dynamic relationships and causal mechanisms. Intervention studies targeted at modifiable biological and behavioural factors associated with paediatric obesity and MetS can further inform mechanisms, as well as test whether brain and behaviour can be altered for beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Sadler
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kushi Ranganath
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Gabay
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liuyi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly R. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Convit
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Jantsch J, Rodrigues FDS, Fraga GDF, Eller S, Silveira AK, Moreira JCF, Giovernardi M, Guedes RP. Calorie restriction mitigates metabolic, behavioral and neurochemical effects of cafeteria diet in aged male rats. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109371. [PMID: 37169228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Besides metabolic dysfunctions, elderly individuals with obesity are at special risk of developing cognitive decline and psychiatric disturbances. Restricted calorie consumption could be an efficient strategy to improve metabolic function after obesity. However, its effects on anxiety-like behaviors in aged rats submitted to an obesogenic diet are unknown. For this purpose, 42 Wistar rats (18-months old) were divided into four groups: Control (CT), calorie restriction (CR), cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF+CR (CAF/CR). CT, CR, and CAF groups received the diets for 8 weeks. CAF/CR group was submitted to the CAF menu for 7 weeks and then switched to a standard diet on a CR regimen, receiving 30% lower calories than consumed by the CT, for another 5 weeks. CAF's menu consisted of ultra-processed foods such as cookies, chocolate, sausage, and bologna. Body weight, visceral adiposity, and biochemical blood analysis were evaluated for obesity diagnosis. The profile of gut microbiota was investigated, along with circulating levels of LPS. Neurochemical parameters, such as neurotransmitter levels, were dosed. Anxiety-like behaviors were accessed using open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. As expected, CR reduced weight gain and improved glucose homeostasis. Gut microbiome disturbance was found in CAF-fed animals accompanied by increased levels of LPS. However, CR after CAF mitigated several harmful responses. The obesogenic diet triggered anxiety-like manifestations in the OF and EPM tests that were not evidenced in the CAF/CR group. These findings indicate that CR can be a promising strategy for the neurological effects of obesity in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kleber Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovernardi
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
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Duodenojejunal Omega Switch Surgery Reduces Oxidative Stress Induced by Cafeteria Diet in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194097. [PMID: 36235749 PMCID: PMC9573765 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-nutrition with cafeteria diet leads to glycemic control failure and subsequent obesity. Bariatric surgery remains the ultimate treatment option, and when complemented with specific dietary protocol, it may mitigate the effects of oxidative stress induced by a cafeteria diet. The study measured antioxidant marker activity: superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and ceruloplasmin (CER), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and lipid peroxidation marker concentrations: lipofuscin (LS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), in the plasma of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a cafeteria (HFS) or a control (CD) diet and subjected to duodenojejunal omega switch (DJOS) or control (SHAM) surgery. The diet change after the surgery (CD/HFS or HFS/CD) strongly influenced SOD activity in DJOS- and SHAM-operated rats, but SOD activity was always higher in SHAM-operated rats. Every dietary protocol used in the study increased CER activity, except for the CD/CD combination. Cafeteria diet consumed before or after either of surgeries led to decrease in TAC levels. DJOS and no change in diet reduced MDA levels. DJOS reduced LS levels, but its beneficial effect was deteriorated by selected dietary protocols. The cafeteria diet negatively affected the positive impact of DJOS surgery, but SOD, CER, MDA, and LS were significantly lower in rats that underwent DJOS, suggesting that eight weeks of dietary treatment before and after the surgery did not totally dilapidate the effects of the bariatric treatment.
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Herselman MF, Bailey S, Bobrovskaya L. The Effects of Stress and Diet on the "Brain-Gut" and "Gut-Brain" Pathways in Animal Models of Stress and Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042013. [PMID: 35216133 PMCID: PMC8875876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence is building for the involvement of the complex, bidirectional communication axis between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. With depression projected to be the number one health concern by 2030 and its pathophysiology yet to be fully elucidated, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between environmental factors, such as stress and diet, with the neurobiology of depression is needed. In this review, the latest research on the effects of stress on the bidirectional connections between the brain and the gut across the most widely used animal models of stress and depression is summarised, followed by comparisons of the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota across animal models of stress and depression with possible implications for the gut–brain axis and the impact of dietary changes on these. The composition of the gut microbiota was consistently altered across the animal models investigated, although differences between each of the studies and models existed. Chronic stressors appeared to have negative effects on both brain and gut health, while supplementation with prebiotics and/or probiotics show promise in alleviating depression pathophysiology.
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El Ayadi A, Tapking C, Prasai A, Rontoyanni VG, Abdelrahman DR, Cui W, Fang G, Bhattarai N, Murton AJ. Cafeteria Diet Impacts the Body Weight and Energy Expenditure of Brown Norway Rats in an Apparent Age Dependent Manner, but Has no Effect on Muscle Anabolic Sensitivity to Nutrition. Front Nutr 2021; 8:719612. [PMID: 34568406 PMCID: PMC8459992 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.719612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While obesity blunts the ability of muscle to mount a protein synthetic response to an amino acid infusion in older adults, it is unclear if this insensitivity to nutrition persists long term and in response to complete foods is unknown. To address this, young (2 months old) and old (17–20 months old) Brown Norway rats were randomized to receive either chow or a 12 wk diet of calorie-dense human foods. At wk 10 drinking water was supplemented with 2% heavy water, followed 2 weeks later by a flooding dose of [2H5]-phenylalanine and an oral leucine bolus, allowing the short and long-term effects of age and diet on muscle protein synthesis rates to be determined. The experimental diet increased energy intake in both young (7.4 ± 0.9%) and old (18.2 ± 1.8%) animals (P < 0.01), but only led to significant increases in body weight in the former (young: 10.2 ± 3.0% (P < 0.05) and old: 3.1 ± 5.1% (NS) vs. age-matched controls). Notably, energy expenditure in response to the cafeteria diet was increased in old animals only (chow: 5.1 ± 0.4; cafe: 8.2 ± 1.6 kcal.kg b.w−1.h−1; P < 0.05). Gastrocnemius protein fractional synthetic rates in response to either an acute leucine bolus or two weeks of feeding were equivalent across groups irrespective of age or diet. Rodents in old age appear capable of preventing weight gain in response to a calorie-dense diet by increasing energy expenditure while maintaining the anabolic sensitivity of muscle to nutrition; the mechanisms of which could have important implications for the aging obese human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina El Ayadi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Christian Tapking
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Anesh Prasai
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Victoria G Rontoyanni
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Doaa R Abdelrahman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Weihua Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Geping Fang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Nisha Bhattarai
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew J Murton
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Institute of Translation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Santos MMR, Cavalcante ACFPS, Amaral LAD, Souza GHOD, Santos BSD, Portugal LC, Bittencourt Junior FF, Troquez T, Rafacho BPM, Hiane PA, Santos EFD. Combination of cafeteria diet with intraperitoneally streptozotocin in rats. A type-2 diabetes model. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e360702. [PMID: 34431921 PMCID: PMC8405242 DOI: 10.1590/acb360702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a model of induction of type-2 diabetes (DM2) by combining low
doses of streptozotocin (STZ) and a cafeteria diet. Methods Forty male Wistar rats (200 g) were allocated into four groups: control
(non-diabetic, n = 10); STZ 30 mg/kg (diabetic, n = 10); STZ 35 mg/kg
(diabetic,n = 10); and STZ 40 mg/kg (diabetic, n = 10). DM2 was induced with
a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ after four weeks of cafeteria diet
in the three diabetic groups. All animals were evaluated as for
anthropometric, and biochemical analyses, as well as liver, kidney and
pancreas histological analyses. Results Lower weight gain, higher water intake, higher Lee index, hyperglycemia and
modified total protein, urea, alpha-amylase, as well as insulin resistance,
hepatic steatosis, pancreas, and kidney injury were observed in animals
treated with 35 and 40 mg/kg of STZ. Conclusions The results show that the experimental model using cafeteria diet associated
with 35 mg/kg of STZ is a low-cost model and efficient in order to develop
DM2, confirmed by the presence of polydipsia, hyperglycemia, altered
biochemical tests, insulin resistance and damages to the liver, pancreas and
kidney, which is similar to the disease found in humans.
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7
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Age-dependent and region-specific alteration of parvalbumin neurons, perineuronal nets and microglia in the mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus following obesogenic diet consumption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5593. [PMID: 33692414 PMCID: PMC7970944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent evidence demonstrates that excessive consumption of high fat and high sugar (HFHS) diets has negative consequences on hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. Moreover, the delayed maturation of the PFC including the late development of parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons and perineuronal nets (PNNs) may promote vulnerability to HFHS diet-induced nutritional stress. However, the young brain may have some resistance to diet-induced neuroinflammation. Thus, we examined the impact of a HFHS diet commencing either in adolescence or adulthood in male mice. PV interneurons, PNNs and microglia were assessed using immunohistochemistry. We observed greater numbers of PV neurons and PNNs in the hippocampus and the prelimbic and infralimbic PFC in adult mice in comparison to our younger cohort. Mice that consumed HFHS diet as adults had reduced numbers of hippocampal PV neurons and PNNs, which correlated with adiposity. However, we saw no effects of diet on PV and PNNs in the PFC. HFHS diet increased microgliosis in the adult cohort, and morphological changes to microglia were observed in the PFC and hippocampus of the adolescent cohort, with a shift to activated microglia phenotypes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate different regional and age-specific effects of obesogenic diets on PV neurons, PNNs and microglia.
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8
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de Oliveira S, Feijó GDS, Neto J, Jantsch J, Braga MF, Castro LFDS, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Guedes RP. Zinc Supplementation Decreases Obesity-Related Neuroinflammation and Improves Metabolic Function and Memory in Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:116-124. [PMID: 33155397 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of zinc (Zn) supplementation on metabolic and neuroinflammatory parameters in cafeteria diet (CAF)-induced obesity in Wistar rats. METHODS Animals were divided into four groups: control diet (CT); CT+Zn; CAF; CAF+Zn. The diet was administered for 20 weeks; Zn treatment (10 mg/kg/d) started at week 16 and it was conducted until the end of the diet protocol. Weight gain, visceral fat, and plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, were assessed. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression in the cerebral cortex and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were evaluated. Memory was assessed by the novel object recognition test. RESULTS CAF diet increased weight gain, visceral fat, and plasma glucose, triglyceride, and TNF-α levels. Zn reversed the hyperglycemia caused by CAF diet and reduced IL-6 levels. In the cerebral cortex, GFAP was similar between groups; Iba-1 was increased by CAF diet but reduced in the CAF+Zn group. Zn reduced CAF-dependent TLR-4 increase in the hippocampus but not in the cerebral cortex. CAF-fed animals showed impaired recognition memory, whereas Zn reversed it. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that Zn partially reverted obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and reduced neuroinflammation and memory deficit caused by CAF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Grace Dos Santos Feijó
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Neto
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Filipe Braga
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Schreyer S, Klein C, Pfeffer A, Rasińska J, Stahn L, Knuth K, Abuelnor B, Panzel AEC, Rex A, Koch S, Hemmati-Sadeghi S, Steiner B. Chia seeds as a potential cognitive booster in the APP23 Alzheimer's disease model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18215. [PMID: 33106576 PMCID: PMC7589531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism potentially contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and might even represent an underlying mechanism. Here, we investigate the relationship of diet-induced metabolic stress and AD as well as the therapeutic potential of chia seeds as a modulator of glucose metabolism in the APP23 mouse model. 4-6 (pre-plaque stage, PRE) and 28-32 (advanced-plaque stage, ADV) weeks old APP23 and wild type mice received pretreatment for 12 weeks with either sucrose-rich (SRD) or control diet, followed by 8 weeks of chia seed supplementation. Although ADV APP23 mice generally showed functioning glucose homeostasis, they were more prone to SRD-induced glucose intolerance. This was accompanied by elevated corticosterone levels and mild insulin insensitivity. Chia seeds improved spatial learning deficits but not impaired cognitive flexibility, potentially mediated by amelioration of glucose tolerance, attenuation of corticosterone levels and reversal of SRD-induced elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Since cognitive symptoms and plaque load were not aggravated by SRD-induced metabolic stress, despite enhanced neuroinflammation in the PRE group, we conclude that impairments of glucose metabolism do not represent an underlying mechanism of AD in this mouse model. Nevertheless, chia seeds might provide therapeutic potential in AD as shown by the amelioration of cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schreyer
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Klein
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Pfeffer
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Justyna Rasińska
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Stahn
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karlotta Knuth
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Basim Abuelnor
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Elisabeth Catharina Panzel
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Rex
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shabnam Hemmati-Sadeghi
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Nicolas S, Léime CSÓ, Hoban AE, Hueston CM, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Enduring effects of an unhealthy diet during adolescence on systemic but not neurobehavioural measures in adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:657-669. [PMID: 32723167 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1796041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescence is an important stage of maturation for various brain structures. It is during this time therefore that the brain may be more vulnerable to environmental factors such as diet that may influence mood and memory. Diets high in fat and sugar (termed a cafeteria diet) during adolescence have been shown to negatively impact upon cognitive performance, which may be reversed by switching to a standard diet during adulthood. Consumption of a cafeteria diet increases both peripheral and central levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine which is also implicated in cognitive impairment during the ageing process. It is unknown whether adolescent exposure to a cafeteria diet potentiates the negative effects of IL-1β on cognitive function during adulthood.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a cafeteria diet during adolescence after which time they received a lentivirus injection in the hippocampus to induce chronic low-grade overexpression of IL-1β. After viral integration, metabolic parameters, circulating and central pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and cognitive behaviours were assessed.Results: Our data demonstrate that rats fed the cafeteria diet exhibit metabolic dysregulations in adulthood, which were concomitant with low-grade peripheral and central inflammation. Overexpression of hippocampal IL-1β in adulthood impaired spatial working memory. However, adolescent exposure to a cafeteria diet, combined with or without hippocampal IL-1β in adulthood did not induce any lasting cognitive deficits when the diet was replaced with a standard diet in adulthood. Discussion: These data demonstrate that cafeteria diet consumption during adolescence induces metabolic and inflammatory changes, but not behavioural changes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nicolas
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ciarán S Ó Léime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan E Hoban
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cara M Hueston
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Espinosa‐García C, Fuentes‐Venado CE, Guerra‐Araiza C, Segura‐Uribe J, Chávez‐Gutiérrez E, Farfán‐García ED, Estrada Cruz NA, Pinto‐Almazán R. Sex differences in the performance of cognitive tasks in a murine model of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2724-2736. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Espinosa‐García
- Department of Emergency Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA USA
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular en Enfermedades Metabólicas y Neurodegenerativas Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca Mexico
| | - Claudia Erika Fuentes‐Venado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Mexico City Mexico
- Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación Hospital General de Zona No 197 Texcoco Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra‐Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Mexico City Mexico
| | - Julia Segura‐Uribe
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Mexico City Mexico
- Departamento de Investigación Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezSecretaría de Salud Mexico City Mexico
| | - Edwin Chávez‐Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular en Enfermedades Metabólicas y Neurodegenerativas Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca Mexico
| | - Eunice Dalet Farfán‐García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Mexico City Mexico
| | - Norma Angélica Estrada Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Mexico City Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Pinto‐Almazán
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular en Enfermedades Metabólicas y Neurodegenerativas Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca Mexico
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Murray S, Chen EY. Examining Adolescence as a Sensitive Period for High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet Exposure: A Systematic Review of the Animal Literature. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1108. [PMID: 31708722 PMCID: PMC6823907 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that poor nutrition (e.g., high-fat, high-sugar diets) may lead to impairments in cognitive functioning. Accumulating evidence suggests that the deleterious effects of these diets appear more pronounced in animals maintained on this diet early in life, consistent with the notion that the developing brain may be especially vulnerable to environmental insults. The current paper provides the first systematic review of studies comparing the effects of high-fat, high-sugar diet exposure during adolescence and adulthood on memory performance. The majority of studies (7/8) identified here report diet-induced memory problems when diet exposure began in adolescence but not adulthood. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that adolescence is a sensitive period during which palatable diets may contribute to negative neurocognitive effects. The current review explores putative mechanisms involved in diet-induced cognitive dysfunction and highlights promising areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Murray
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eunice Y Chen
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Bondan EF, Cardoso CV, Martins MDFM, Otton R. Memory impairments and increased GFAP expression in hippocampal astrocytes following hypercaloric diet in rats. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2019; 77:601-608. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: Hypothalamic inflammation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) overexpression in astrocytes are well described in obese animals, as are some cognitive and memory deficits. As the hippocampus plays important roles in the consolidation of information, this investigation aimed to observe the memory function and the astrocyte expression of GFAP in the hippocampus of rats that received either a hypercaloric or a normocaloric diet. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats received a high-fat (cafeteria) or a standard diet for 60 days. On the 61st day, the rats were submitted to the novel object recognition (NOR) test at three and 24 hours after the first contact with objects, to assess short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Thereafter, the rats were euthanized and their brains were collected for GFAP immunohistochemical investigation in the hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3 areas) and hypothalamus (periventricular and arcuate nuclei). Astrocytic reactivity was assessed by morphometry. Different white adipose tissue depots and brown adipose tissue were weighed to calculate the adiposity index. Results: The hypercaloric diet increased body weight gain, adiposity index, white adipose tissue weight (epididymal, subcutaneous and retroperitoneal) and brown adipose tissue weight. Rats fed with the hypercaloric diet showed short-term and long-term memory impairments in the NOR test, as well as increased GFAP expression in astrocytes from all analyzed hypothalamic and hippocampal areas. Conclusion: This astrogliosis suggests that the neuroinflammatory response also occurs in the hippocampus and may be involved in the memory losses observed in obese/overweight animals.
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Exposure to an obesogenic diet during adolescence leads to abnormal maturation of neural and behavioral substrates underpinning fear and anxiety. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:96-117. [PMID: 29428401 PMCID: PMC7700822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obesity are highly prevalent in adolescents. Emerging findings from our laboratory and others are consistent with the novel hypothesis that obese individuals may be predisposed to developing PTSD. Given that aberrant fear responses are pivotal in the pathogenesis of PTSD, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of an obesogenic Western-like high-fat diet (WD) on neural substrates associated with fear. METHODS Adolescent Lewis rats (n = 72) were fed with either the experimental WD (41.4% kcal from fat) or the control diet. The fear-potentiated startle paradigm was used to determine sustained and phasic fear responses. Diffusion tensor imaging metrics and T2 relaxation times were used to determine the structural integrity of the fear circuitry including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA). RESULTS The rats that consumed the WD exhibited attenuated fear learning and fear extinction. These behavioral impairments were associated with oversaturation of the fear circuitry and astrogliosis. The BLA T2 relaxation times were significantly decreased in the WD rats relative to the controls. We found elevated fractional anisotropy in the mPFC of the rats that consumed the WD. We show that consumption of a WD may lead to long-lasting damage to components of the fear circuitry. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that consumption of an obesogenic diet during adolescence has a profound impact in the maturation of the fear neurocircuitry. The implications of this research are significant as they identify potential biomarkers of risk for psychopathology in the growing obese population.
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Aging affects the response of female rats to a hypercaloric diet. Exp Gerontol 2018; 101:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sripetchwandee J, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Links Between Obesity-Induced Brain Insulin Resistance, Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Dementia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:496. [PMID: 30233495 PMCID: PMC6127253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that obesity and associated metabolic changes are considered a risk factor to age-associated cognitive decline. Inflammation and increased oxidative stress in peripheral areas, following obesity, are patently the major contributory factors to the degree of the severity of brain insulin resistance as well as the progression of cognitive impairment in the obese condition. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the alterations in brain mitochondria, including both functional and morphological changes, occurred following obesity. Several studies also suggested that brain mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of underlying mechanism contributing to brain insulin resistance and cognitive impairment in the obese condition. Thus, this review aimed to comprehensively summarize and discuss the current evidence from various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that are associated with obesity, brain insulin resistance, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and cognition. Contradictory findings and the mechanistic insights about the roles of obesity, brain insulin resistance, and brain mitochondrial dysfunction on cognition are also presented and discussed. In addition, the potential therapies for obese-insulin resistance are reported as the therapeutic strategies which exert the neuroprotective effects in the obese-insulin resistant condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Siriporn C. Chattipakorn ;
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