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Ahles S, Joris PJ, Plat J. Short-term Aronia melanocarpa extract supplementation improves cognitive performance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy young adults. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1545-1553. [PMID: 38656355 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence on the potential beneficial effects of anthocyanin-rich foods and supplements on cognitive performance is mainly based on acute or long-term studies in older adults. However, short-term studies focusing on a younger population are lacking. Therefore, short-term effects of Aronia melanocarpa extract (AME) supplementation on cognitive performance were investigated in healthy young adults. Potential underlying mechanisms were also addressed. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study was performed involving 35 apparently healthy young adults. Participants consumed AME (180 mg anthocyanins/day) or a placebo for 1 week, separated by at least 2 weeks of wash-out. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Furthermore, arterial stiffness (carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity), retinal microvascular calibers (fundus photography), and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations were measured at baseline and after 1 week. RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 25 ± 4 years and an average BMI of 23.4 ± 2.7 kg/m2. Compliance was excellent and the study product was well-tolerated. As compared to placebo, movement time was significantly reduced by 4.8% within the five-choice reaction time test after 1 week of AME supplementation (intervention effect: - 12 ms; p < 0.05). Memory and executive function did however not change. Serum BDNF concentrations were significantly higher after AME supplementation as compared to placebo (+ 5.7%; intervention effect: 1.8 ng/mL; p < 0.05). However, arterial stiffness and retinal microvascular calibers were not affected. CONCLUSION Short-term AME supplementation beneficially affected cognitive performance as attention and psychomotor speed improved. Serum BDNF concentrations were increased, but vascular function markers were not affected. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on Clinical Trials under NCT03793777 on January 4th, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Ahles
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 50, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Lomiwes D, Günther CS, Bloor SJ, Trower TM, Ngametua N, Kanon AP, Jensen DA, Lo K, Sawyer G, Walker EG, Hedderley D, Cooney JM. Identification of Sarmentosin as a Key Bioactive from Blackcurrants ( Ribes nigrum) for Inhibiting Platelet Monoamine Oxidase in Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16777-16789. [PMID: 39028868 PMCID: PMC11299169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Previous clinical studies indicate that monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibition by blackcurrants must be predominantly attributed to bioactives other than anthocyanins. In this natural products discovery study, MAO-A/B inhibitory phytochemicals were isolated from blackcurrants, and a double-blind crossover study investigated the efficacy of freeze-dried whole-fruit blackcurrant powder in inhibiting MAO-B compared with blackcurrant juice in healthy adults. Platelet MAO-B inhibition was comparable between powder (89% ± 6) and juice (91% ± 4), and it was positively correlated with MAO-modulated plasma catecholamines, subjective alertness, and reduced mental fatigue, assessed using the Bond-Lader questionnaire. Sarmentosin, a nitrile glycoside, and its hydroxycinnamoyl esters were identified as novel MAO-A/B inhibitors from blackcurrant in vitro, and sarmentosin was demonstrated to inhibit platelet MAO-B activity in vivo. These findings confirm sarmentosin as the primary bioactive for MAO-A/B inhibition in blackcurrants, as well as its bioavailability and stability during freeze-drying, and suggest that consuming blackcurrant powder and juice may positively affect mood in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Lomiwes
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Campus, 23 Batchelar
Road, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S. Günther
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura Campus, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Stephen J. Bloor
- Callaghan
Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower
Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Tania M. Trower
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura Campus, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Nayer Ngametua
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Campus, 23 Batchelar
Road, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Alexander P. Kanon
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Campus, 23 Batchelar
Road, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Dwayne A. Jensen
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura Campus, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Kim Lo
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland Campus, 120 Mount Albert
Road, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Greg Sawyer
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Campus, 23 Batchelar
Road, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Edward G. Walker
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland Campus, 120 Mount Albert
Road, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Campus, 23 Batchelar
Road, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Janine M. Cooney
- The
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura Campus, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
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Muduroglu-Kirmizibekmez A, Cati C, Onder A, Aydin S, Kara I. Investigation of the acute impact of rosemary consumption on brain activity in healthy volunteers. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38970803 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2370729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a fragrant plant of the mint family, broadly known as a nourishment flavoring agent; it is additionally utilized in conventional people cures for its anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and antibacterial properties. Intense cognitive impacts from devouring plant-based flavonoids can be measured with electroencephalography (EEG), which records unconstrained brain movement. Brain activity can be evaluated amid independent states or whereas performing attentional assignments. This study aimed to determine the impact of rosemary consumption on cognitive consequences. METHODS Twenty volunteers took part in the study. EEG was taken for each volunteer twice, before drinking rosemary extract and around one hour after drinking it. EEG information was recorded with a Micromed recording framework inspecting rate of 512 Hz. EEG signals were prepared to be utilized in EEGLAB, an open-source toolbox within the MATLAB environment. The information obtained after the EEG recording was compared with the preliminary EEG information. RESULTS The signal's power spectral density in theta, delta, and beta frequency bands modestly increased in males and females. Even though there was a significant increase in power at the alpha frequency band in both sexes, this increment was not specific channel-wise. DISCUSSION The obtained data are consistent with the expected results and similar studies conducted, suggesting that the consumption of rosemary is beneficial for cognitive function in the short term. It is anticipated that forthcoming long-term studies will support the existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ceren Cati
- Division of Biotechnology, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Onder
- SANKARA Brain and Biotechnology Research Center, Entertech Teknocity, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Avcılar Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Aydin
- Division of Biotechnology, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Kara
- SANKARA Brain and Biotechnology Research Center, Entertech Teknocity, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Avcılar Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Ellis LR, Boesch C, Dye L. Effects of Anthocyanins on Cognition and Vascular Function: A Systematic Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300502. [PMID: 38961529 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Good vascular function is crucial for cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance. Diets high in anthocyanins have been shown to improve vascular function and are associated with improvements in cognition. This systematic review investigates randomized controlled trials examining the impact of anthocyanin intake on both cognition and vascular function. METHODS AND RESULTS Of the 1486 studies identified through searching Ovid Medline and AMED, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus, 20 studies are selected which measured cognitive and vascular function. Overall, positive effects on verbal and working memory are observed, which are supported by studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate increased blood flow in brain regions related to these cognitive domains. However, effects of anthocyanins on blood pressure and markers of endothelial function are inconsistent. CONCLUSION This systematic review provides evidence for a positive effect of anthocyanins on cognition and insight into the relevance of endothelial function. Anthocyanins are widely available and can be easily consumed in a range of different fruits, vegetables, and other products. Further studies should establish the optimal daily intake of anthocyanins for cardiovascular and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy R Ellis
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Louise Dye
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Institute of Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Rossi I, Mignogna C, Del Rio D, Mena P. Health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices: evidence from human subject intervention studies. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:194-238. [PMID: 37655747 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242300015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices (FVJ) represent a controversial topic. FVJ contain notable amounts of free sugars, but also vitamins, minerals, and secondary compounds with proven biological activities like (poly)phenols and carotenoids. The review aimed to shed light on the potential impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health, comprehensively assessing the role each type of juice may have in specific health outcomes for a particular target population, as reported in dietary interventions. The effects of a wide range of FVJ (orange, grapefruit, mandarin, lemon, apple, white, red, and Concord grapes, pomegranate, cranberry, chokeberry, blueberry, other minor berries, sweet and tart cherry, plum, tomato, carrot, beetroot, and watermelon, among others) were evaluated on a series of outcomes (anthropometric parameters, body composition, blood pressure and vascular function, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, cognitive function, exercise performance, gut microbiota composition and bacterial infections), providing a thorough picture of the contribution of each FVJ to a health outcome. Some juices demonstrated their ability to exert potential preventive effects on some outcomes while others on other health outcomes, emphasising how the differential composition in bioactive compounds defines juice effects. Research gaps and future prospects were discussed. Although 100% FVJ appear to have beneficial effects on some cardiometabolic health outcomes, cognition and exercise performance, or neutral effects on anthropometric parameters and body composition, further efforts are needed to better understand the impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rossi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Pinto AM, Hobden MR, Brown KD, Farrimond J, Targett D, Corpe CP, Ellis PR, Todorova Y, Socha K, Bahsoon S, Haworth C, Marcel M, Nie X, Hall WL. Acute effects of drinks containing blackcurrant and citrus (poly)phenols and dietary fibre on postprandial glycaemia, gut hormones, cognitive function and appetite in healthy adults: two randomised controlled trials. Food Funct 2023; 14:10163-10176. [PMID: 37902089 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
(Poly)phenol (PP)-rich blackcurrant (BC) extracts reduce postprandial glucose concentrations. Combinations with other fruit (poly)phenols and fruit fibre may enhance the effect. This study investigated the acute effects of combinations of BC extracts, high (H-BC) and low (L-BC) (poly)phenol concentrations, sweet orange extracts (SO) and fibre-rich orange pulp (F) in reducing postprandial glycaemia. In two randomised, double-blind, crossover design studies, healthy participants consumed seven types of 200 mL beverages: in the GLU-FX trial, H-BC (1600 mg PP); L-BC (800 mg PP); SO (800 mg PP); BC + SO (1600 mg PP) or CON (placebo); in the GLU-MIX trial, BC + F (800 mg PP), F (1.5 g fibre), or CON2 (placebo), immediately followed by consumption of 75 g available carbohydrate (starch and sugars). Blood was sampled at baseline and postprandially to measure changes in glucose, insulin, and gut hormones; appetite changes were assessed by visual analogue scales and, in GLU-MIX, ad libitum food intake and cognitive function were assessed. Twenty-nine and thirty-seven adults completed GLU-FX and GLU-MIX, respectively. L-BC reduced early postprandial glycaemia (0-30 min) with no differences in glucose incremental Cmax or total glycaemic response. No significant effect was observed following other drinks relative to CON. L-BC and H-BC drinks inhibited insulin secretion up to 30 min and GIP up to 120 min. In GLU-MIX, BC + F improved some indicators of cognitive function but not all. Measures of appetite were unaffected. The impact of (poly)phenol-rich BC extracts on total postprandial glycaemia in healthy participants was minimal and not enhanced when administered in combination with an orange (poly)phenol extract or orange pulp. Clinical Trials registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03184064 (GLU-FX) and NCT03572296 (GLU-MIX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pinto
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Mark R Hobden
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Katherine D Brown
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
- Lucozade Ribena Suntory (UK), 2 Longwalk Road, Stockley Park, Uxbridge UB11 1BA, UK
| | - Jonathan Farrimond
- Lucozade Ribena Suntory (UK), 2 Longwalk Road, Stockley Park, Uxbridge UB11 1BA, UK
| | - Darren Targett
- Primoris Contract Solutions Ltd., 22 Redwood Drive, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 0LW, UK
| | - Christopher P Corpe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Peter R Ellis
- Biopolymers Group, Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, UK
| | - Yvanna Todorova
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Klaudia Socha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Shatha Bahsoon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Claudia Haworth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Morgane Marcel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Xirui Nie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Wendy L Hall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Aung T, Kim BR, Kwak HS, Kim MJ. Neuroimaging Approach: Effects of Hot and Cold Germinated Wheat Beverages on Electroencephalographic (EEG) Activity of the Human Brain. Foods 2023; 12:3493. [PMID: 37761203 PMCID: PMC10527878 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies using electroencephalography (EEG) have been crucial in uncovering brain activity in sensory perception, emotion regulation, and decision-making. Despite tea's global popularity, its temperature-related neural basis remains underexplored. This study investigated the effect of hot and cold germinated wheat beverages (HB and CB) in changes of brain waves using EEG. Four distinct approaches and topographical assessments were performed to gain deeper insights into the impact of EEG signals in the human brain. The four approaches showed different impacts of HB and CB intake, as all EEG spectral powers increased after drinking HB and decreased after consumption of CB. Significant increases in delta and theta waves were observed as a result of drinking HB, but significant decreases in alpha and beta waves were observed after drinking CB. The topographic maps illustrate the significant effects of HB more prominently than those of CB, displaying greater changes in delta, theta, and beta. These findings suggest the intake of HB is probably related to relaxation, calmness, mindfulness and concentration, while the intake of CB is related to alertness, attention, and working memory. Ultimately, the neuroscientific approaches provided in this study could advance consumer-based research on beverage consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinzar Aung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea;
| | - Han Sub Kwak
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55356, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea;
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Considerations for Optimizing Warfighter Psychological Health with a Research-Based Flavonoid Approach: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051204. [PMID: 36904203 PMCID: PMC10005237 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal nutrition is imperative for psychological health. Oxidative stress and inflammation are underlying etiologies for alterations in psychological health. Warfighters are at risk of health concerns such as depression due to increased stress in austere environments and family separation while deployed. Over the last decade, research has demonstrated the health benefits of flavonoids found in fruits and berries. Berry flavonoids have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, the promising effects of various berries rich in bioactive flavonoids are examined. By inhibiting oxidative stress, berry flavonoids have the potential to modulate brain, cardiovascular, and intestinal health. There is a critical need for targeted interventions to address psychological health concerns within the warfighter population, and a berry flavonoid-rich diet and/or berry flavonoid dietary supplement intervention may prove beneficial as an adjunctive therapy. Structured searches of the literature were performed in the PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases using predetermined keywords. This review focuses on berry flavonoids' critical and fundamental bioactive properties and their potential effects on psychological health in investigations utilizing cell, animal, and human model systems.
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Liu X, Zhu H, Zhou S, Peng Y, Yang M, Chen F, Li X. EFFECT OF THE PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING METHOD ON STUDENT ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS AND MICROCIRCULATORY BLOOD PERFUSION IN THE TEACHING OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012021_0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Applying the problem-based learning (PBL) method to the teaching of sports physiology. Objective This study explored the mechanism of the PBL method to improve the interest and learning effectiveness of students. Methods Twenty male students at the Physical Education College of Hubei Minzu University were randomly divided into a PBL group (10) and a traditional teaching method group (TTM). During the test, the subjects in the TTM group sat quietly listening to the experienced teacher, while the subjects in PBL group sat quietly and participated in a 20-minute group discussion under the guidance of the experienced teacher. Transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (TcPO2), microcirculatory blood perfusion (MBP), and alpha- and beta-band power were monitored at the beginning of and during the test. Results The mean of the PBL-group quiz score was significantly higher than that of the TTM group. In the PBL group, the alpha power of the students decreased statistically in the F3, T3, P3, and O1 channels and the beta power of the students increased statistically in the F7, F3, T3, C3, P3, and O1 as compared to the baseline values. Conclusion PBL can be an effective learning mechanism, since the students are actively engaged in the teaching of sports physiology. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigating treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Xihua University, China; Hubei Minzu University, China
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Cheng N, Bell L, Lamport DJ, Williams CM. Dietary Flavonoids and Human Cognition: A Meta-Analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100976. [PMID: 35333451 PMCID: PMC9787524 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Improving cognition is important in all age groups, from performance in school examinations to prevention of cognitive decline in later life. Dietary polyphenols, in particular flavonoids, have been examined for their benefits to cognitive outcomes. This meta-analysis evaluates the effects of dietary flavonoids on cognition across the lifespan. In January 2020 databases were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating flavonoid effects on human cognition. Eighty studies, comprising 5519 participants, were included in the final meta-analysis. The global analysis indicates dietary flavonoids induced significant benefit to cognitive performance (g = 0.148, p < 0.001), with subgroup analyses revealing that cocoa (g = 0.224, p = 0.036), ginkgo (g = 0.187, p ≤ 0.001), and berries (g = 0.149, p = 0.009) yielded the most notable improvements. Significant benefits were observed from chronic studies, in middle-aged and older adults, and with low and medium doses. The domains of long-term memory, processing speed, and mood showed sensitivity to flavonoid intervention. This meta-analysis provides evidence for the positive effects of flavonoids on cognition and highlights several moderating factors. Flavonoid-based dietary interventions therefore potentially offer a highly accessible, safe, and cost-effective treatment to help tackle the burden of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Cheng
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
| | - Lynne Bell
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
| | - Daniel J. Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
| | - Claire M. Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
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Pizarro Meléndez GP, Valero-Jara V, Acevedo-Hernández P, Thomas-Valdés S. Impact of polyphenols on stress and anxiety: a systematic review of molecular mechanisms and clinical evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2340-2357. [PMID: 36154755 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2122925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mental health is a global public concern that contributes raising disability and premature death. Anxiety undertakes around 3.6% of the global population, while psychological stress is a condition associated to anxiety with a prevalence of 36.5%. Treatment for both mental conditions consist mainly of psychological therapy and pharmacotherapy, but the long-term drugs use can trigger adverse effects. Growing evidence shows the effect of specific food compounds on stress and anxiety treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the molecular mechanisms related to dietary polyphenols administration from food matrix (considering food, juices or herbal/food extracts) and their effects on stress and/or anxiety, as well as review the available clinical evidence. Search was based on PRISMA Guidelines using peer-reviewed journal articles sourced from PubMed and Web of Science. A total of 38 articles were considered as eligible. The major effects for anxiety management were: reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation; HPA axis modulation; and regulation of some serotonergic/adrenergic pathways. There is a very limited evidence to conclude about the real effect of dietary polyphenols on stress. Although pharmacological treatment for mood disorders is essential, alternative therapies are necessary using non-pharmacological compounds to improve the long-term treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviana Valero-Jara
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Paula Acevedo-Hernández
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Samanta Thomas-Valdés
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
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Ajjimaporn A, Noppongsakit P, Ramyarangsi P, Siripornpanich V, Chaunchaiyakul R. A low- dose of caffeine suppresses EEG alpha power and improves working memory in healthy University males. Physiol Behav 2022; 256:113955. [PMID: 36055414 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a low dose of caffeine, administered in the morning, on brain wave activity and cognitive function were investigated in 25 healthy university Southeast Asian men (mean age ±standard deviation: 21 ± 2 years). Participants received a placebo (PLA) or a 50 mg caffeinated drink (CAF) under randomized, double-blind crossover conditions, with 1 week between conditions. Brain wave activity was assessed using electroencephalography (EEG) from a 5 min eyes-closed resting state. Cognitive function, i.e., visuomotor processing speed, working memory, and attention were assessed using the trail-making test A (Trails A) and B (Trails B), and digit span Forwards (DF), respectively. All tests were examined before drinking (BD), 30 min after drinking (AD), and 35 min after 5-min isokinetic exercise (AE). [Results] The CAF showed a significant decrease in the percentage changes from baseline (%∆) of alpha wave activity over the midline electrodes, i.e., frontal, central, and occipital areas after AD (p<0.05). Data from cognitive function tests were significantly improved after AD (p<0.05). A significant inverse correlation between the diminished alpha wave activity over the midline central and occipital cortical regions and the Trails B positive scores were observed (p<0.05). [Conclusion] The diminishment in resting alpha wave activity and improvement of cognitive function on working memory assessed by the Trails B following caffeine consumption would support the stimulant effects of low-dose caffeine as a morning wake-up drink in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornpan Ajjimaporn
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Prapan Noppongsakit
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Papatsorn Ramyarangsi
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Vorasith Siripornpanich
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Rungchai Chaunchaiyakul
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
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13
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De Amicis R, Mambrini SP, Pellizzari M, Foppiani A, Bertoli S, Battezzati A, Leone A. Systematic Review on the Potential Effect of Berry Intake in the Cognitive Functions of Healthy People. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142977. [PMID: 35889934 PMCID: PMC9321916 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy poses health challenges, such as increasing the impairment of cognitive functions. Berries show a neuroprotective effect thanks to flavonoids, able to reduce neuroinflammatory and to increase neuronal connections. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the impact of berries supplementation on cognitive function in healthy adults and the elderly. Twelve studies were included for a total of 399 participants, aged 18–81 years (mean age: 41.8 ± 4.7 years). Six studies involved young adults (23.9 ± 3.7 years), and four studies involved the elderly (60.6 ± 6.4 years). Most studies investigated effects of a single berry product, but one used a mixture of 4 berries. Non-significant differences were detected across cognition domains and methodologies, but significant and positive effects were found for all cognitive domains (attention and concentration, executive functioning, memory, motor skills and construction, and processing speed), and in most cases they were present in more than one study and detected using different methodologies. Although some limitations should be taken into account to explain these results, the positive findings across studies and methodologies elicit further studies on this topic, to endorse the consumption of berries in healthy populations to prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona De Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Paola Mambrini
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, S. Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Marta Pellizzari
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Foppiani
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
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14
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Maeda-Yamamoto M, Honmou O, Sasaki M, Haseda A, Kagami-Katsuyama H, Shoji T, Namioka A, Namioka T, Magota H, Oka S, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Ukai R, Takemura M, Nishihira J. The Impact of Purple-Flesh Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. "Shadow Queen" on Minor Health Complaints in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122446. [PMID: 35745176 PMCID: PMC9227939 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purple-flesh potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar "Shadow Queen" (SQ) naturally contains anthocyanins. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study determines whether ingesting purple potatoes increases the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and improves stress response, a minor health complaint in healthy adults (registration number: UMIN000038876). A total of 15 healthy subjects (ages: 50-70 years) with minor health complaints were randomly assigned to one of two groups. For 8 weeks, the placebo group received placebo potatoes cv. "Haruka" and the test group received test potato cv. SQ containing 45 mg anthocyanin. The MSC count and several stress responses were analyzed at weeks 0 and 8 of the intake periods. The ingestion of a SQ potato did not affect the MSC count but markedly improved psychological stress response, irritability, and depression as minor health complaints compared with "Haruka". No adverse effects were noted. Hence, an 8-week intake of SQ could improve stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-838-8800
| | - Osamu Honmou
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Akane Haseda
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-0832, Japan; (A.H.); (H.K.-K.); (J.N.)
| | - Hiroyo Kagami-Katsuyama
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-0832, Japan; (A.H.); (H.K.-K.); (J.N.)
| | - Toshihiko Shoji
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan;
| | - Ai Namioka
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Takahiro Namioka
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Hirotoshi Magota
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuko Kataoka-Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Ryou Ukai
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Takemura
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (O.H.); (M.S.); (A.N.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (S.O.); (Y.K.-S.); (R.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-0832, Japan; (A.H.); (H.K.-K.); (J.N.)
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15
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Abbott W, Brett A, Watson AW, Brooker H, Clifford T. Sleep Restriction in Elite Soccer Players: Effects on Explosive Power, Wellbeing, and Cognitive Function. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:325-332. [PMID: 33084524 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1834071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the cognitive, physical, and perceptual effects of sleep restriction (SR) in soccer players following a night match. Methods: In a crossover design, nine male soccer players from the English Premier League 2 (age, 21 ± 5 years; height, 1.80 ± 0.75 m; body mass, 74.2 ± 6.8 kg) recorded their sleep quality and quantity with sleep logs and a subjective survey after two night matches (19:00); one where sleep duration was not altered (CON) and one where sleep was restricted by a later bed-time (SR). Countermovement jump height (CMJ), subjective wellbeing (1-5 likert scale for mood, stress, fatigue, sleep, and soreness), and cognitive function were measured at baseline and the morning following the match (+12 h; M + 1). Results: Bed-time was later in SR than CON (02:36 ± 0.17 vs. 22:43 ± 29; P = .0001; ηp2 = 0.999) and sleep duration was shorter in SR than CON (5.37 ± 0.16 vs. 8.59 h ± 0.36; P = .0001; ηp2 = 0.926). CMJ decreased by ~8% after the match in both SR and CON (P = .0001; ηp2 = 0.915) but there were no differences between the conditions (P > .05; ηp2 = 0.041-0.139). Wellbeing was rated worse after both matches (P = .0001; ηp2 = 0.949) but there were no differences between the trials (P > .05; ηp2 = 0.172-257). SR did not influence cognitive function (P > .05; interaction effects, ηp2 = 0.172-257). Conclusion: SR following a nighttime soccer match does not impair CMJ performance, subjective wellbeing, or cognitive function the following morning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Brett
- Brighton and Hove Albion F.C
| | | | - H Brooker
- University of Exeter Medical School
- Ecog Pro Ltd
| | - T Clifford
- Newcastle University
- Loughborough University
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16
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Yu M, Xiao S, Tian F, Li Y. Frontal-occipital network alterations while viewing 2D & 3D movies: a source-level EEG and graph theory approach. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2022; 67:161-172. [PMID: 35576610 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2021-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many researchers have measured the differences in electroencephalography (EEG) while viewing 2D and 3D movies to uncover the neuromechanism underlying distinct viewing experiences. Using whole-brain network analyses of scalp EEG, our previous study reported that beta and gamma bands presented higher global efficiencies while viewing 3D movies. However, scalp EEG is influenced by volume conduction, not allowing inference from a neuroanatomy perspective; thus, source reconstruction techniques are recommended. This paper is the first to measure the differences in the frontal-occipital networks in EEG source space during 2D and 3D movie viewing. EEG recordings from 40 subjects were performed during 2D and 3D movie viewing. We constructed frontal-occipital networks of alpha, beta, and gamma bands in EEG source space and analyzed network efficiencies. We found that the beta band exhibited higher global efficiency in 3D movie viewing than in 2D movie viewing; however, the alpha global efficiency was not statistically significant. In addition, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, taking functional connectivities as classification features, was built to identify whether the frontal-occipital networks contain patterns that could distinguish 2D and 3D movie viewing. Using the 6 most important functional connectivity features of the beta band, we obtained the best accuracy of 0.933. Our findings shed light on uncovering the neuromechanism underlying distinct experiences while viewing 2D and 3D movies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchang Yu
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Xiao
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Film Academy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- School of Life Sciences, College of International Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Morton L, Braakhuis AJ. The Effects of Fruit-Derived Polyphenols on Cognition and Lung Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:4273. [PMID: 34959825 PMCID: PMC8708719 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are plant derived nutrients that influence oxidative stress and inflammation and therefore may have positive benefits on cognition and lung function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of fruit derived polyphenol intakes on cognition and lung capacity in healthy adults. In August 2020 and October 2021, Medline and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant studies examining the effects of fruit derived polyphenol intakes on cognition and/or lung function in healthy adults (<70 years old). Fourteen studies related to cognition (409 healthy subjects) and seven lung/respiratory studies (20,788 subjects) were used for the systematic review using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The meta-analysis (using six cognition and three lung function studies) indicated a protective effect on lung function from dietary intakes of fruit-derived polyphenols. Neither a benefit nor decrement from fruit-derived polyphenol intakes were detected for cognition. Human intervention trials examining the effects of polyphenol supplementation on lung function in healthy adults are scarce and intervention studies are warranted. More conclusive results are needed to provide recommendations for polyphenol supplementation to support aspects of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Morton
- Faculty of Medical & Health Science, Grafton Campus, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
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18
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Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Review of Functional and Pharmacological Activities of Berries. Molecules 2021; 26:3904. [PMID: 34202412 PMCID: PMC8271923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional plant-based foods (such as fruits, vegetables, and berries) can improve health, have a preventive effect, and diminish the risk of different chronic diseases during in vivo and in vitro studies. Berries contain many phytochemicals, fibers, vitamins, and minerals. The primary phytochemicals in berry fruits are phenolic compounds including flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, and isoflavonoids), tannins, and phenolic acids. Since berries have a high concentration of polyphenols, it is possible to use them for treating various diseases pharmacologically by acting on oxidative stress and inflammation, which are often the leading causes of diabetes, neurological, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review examines commonly consumed berries: blackberries, blackcurrants, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, black raspberries, and strawberries and their polyphenols as potential medicinal foods (due to the presence of pharmacologically active compounds) in the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and other diseases. Moreover, much attention is paid to the bioavailability of active berry components. Hence, this comprehensive review shows that berries and their bioactive compounds possess medicinal properties and have therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, future clinical trials are required to study and improve the bioavailability of berries' phenolic compounds and extend the evidence that the active compounds of berries can be used as medicinal foods against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
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19
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Ahles S, Joris PJ, Plat J. Effects of Berry Anthocyanins on Cognitive Performance, Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Intervention Studies in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126482. [PMID: 34204250 PMCID: PMC8234025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with anthocyanins, which are a type of flavonoids mainly found in various berries, is hypothesized to be a promising approach to lower the risk of developing cognitive decline. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of dietary intervention trials describing effects of berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance in humans, while also addressing potential underlying mechanisms. A total of 1197 articles were identified through a systematic search, and 49 studies reporting effects on cognitive performance (n = 18), vascular function (n = 22), or cardiometabolic risk markers (n = 32) were included. Significant improvements were observed on memory, while some of the studies also reported effects on attention and psychomotor speed or executive function. Vascular function markers such as brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation were also affected and consistent evidence was provided for the beneficial effects of berry anthocyanins on endothelial function. Finally, studies reported improvements in blood pressure, but effects on metabolic risk markers (e.g. carbohydrate and lipid metabolism) were less consistent. In conclusion, this review provides evidence for the beneficial effects of berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance as memory improved. Whether observed anthocyanin-induced improvements in vascular function and blood pressure underlie beneficial effects on cognitive performance warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Ahles
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (P.J.J.)
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 85, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (P.J.J.)
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (P.J.J.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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YILDIZ E, GULDAS M, ELLERGEZEN P, ACAR AG, GURBUZ O. Obesity-associated Pathways of Anthocyanins. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.39119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Hepsomali P, Greyling A, Scholey A, Vauzour D. Acute Effects of Polyphenols on Human Attentional Processes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:678769. [PMID: 34108860 PMCID: PMC8180591 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.678769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of polyphenols on cognitive functions have been extensively studied. Due to the large heterogeneity in the study designs, however, it is often difficult to interpret their efficacy. To address this issue, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to examine whether acute polyphenol intake may have a beneficial effect on cognition and specifically on the accuracy and speed of attention. Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched for studies published up to end of August 2020 following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021232109). Only placebo-controlled human intervention trials that assessed acute effects of polyphenols on accuracy and speed of attention were included in the meta-analyses. When cognitive tasks were repeated over time, pooled means and standard deviations for intervention and placebo over repetitions separately for each task for both speed and accuracy were calculated. We also conducted separate analyses focusing only on the last repetition. Furthermore, confounding effects of age and source of polyphenols were also considered. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis of last task repetitions showed that the acute consumption of polyphenols improved rapid visual information processing speed in young participants (SMD = 0.26; 95%CI = [0.03-0.50]; I 2= 0%; p = 0.02; k = 5). All other analyses did not reach significance. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that acute polyphenol consumption might improve speed in rapid visual information processing task, a higher order task with elements of vigilance, working memory, and executive function, in young participants; however, as the current literature is inconsistent and limited, further acute intervention studies are warranted to achieve more conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piril Hepsomali
- Unilever R&D, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Arno Greyling
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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22
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Kowalski R, Gustafson E, Carroll M, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Enhancement of Biological Properties of Blackcurrants by Lactic Acid Fermentation and Incorporation into Yogurt: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121194. [PMID: 33261067 PMCID: PMC7759768 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Blackcurrants (BC) and yogurt are known to possess several health benefits. The objective of this review was to compile the latest information on the effect of lactic acid fermentation on BC and their incorporation into yogurt, including the impact of this combination on chemical composition, sensory aspects, and health attributes of the blend. Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed were used to research the most recent literature on BC juice, the whole BC berry, and yogurt. Health benefits were assessed from human and animal studies within the last 5 years. The results suggest that BC have several health promoting compounds that ameliorate some neurological disorders and improve exercise recovery. Yogurt contains compounds that can be used to manage diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and irritable bowel disease (IBD). Fermenting BC with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and its incorporation into yogurt products increases the polyphenol and antioxidant capacity of BC, creating a blend of prebiotics and probiotics compounds with enhanced benefits. More research is needed in the area of lactic acid fermentation of berries in general, especially BC.
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23
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Gibson N, Baker D, Sharples A, Braakhuis A. Improving Mental Performance in an Athletic Population with the Use of Ārepa ®, a Blackcurrant Based Nootropic Drink: A Randomized Control Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040316. [PMID: 32326538 PMCID: PMC7222175 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A range of dietary bioactive ingredients have claimed to improve mental clarity and reduce fatigue, including blackcurrant, pine bark, and l-theanine. These active ingredients provide a good source of dietary polyphenols which could be useful in reducing mental fatigue in a sports setting. The aim of the investigation was to test the effect of Ārepa® a blackcurrant-based nootropic-drink also containing pine-bark and l-theanine (BC+), on mental clarity in a sport setting. Twenty-three rugby league players completed a cross-over design, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Intervention and control phases lasted 7 days, with a washout in between. Cognition was assessed pre and post intervention following a standardized training session. Our study found the total score, accuracy, and average time per response scores improved significantly more after drinking the BC+ drink (p = 0.001, 0.003, and 0.043 respectively). The BC+ improved the perception that participants were reliable (p = 0.02) and less distracted (p = 0.03), while placebo supplementation increased participant perception they could control their nervousness (p = 0.03). Thematic analysis of post-trial questionnaire indicated participants found the BC+ sour, most reported no side effects, and opinion on which drink was more effective was not unanimous. The results indicate that the BC+ drink may be useful for athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gibson
- Discipline of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Dane Baker
- High Performance Sport, AUT Millenium, Auckland 0632, New Zealand;
| | - Alice Sharples
- Vodafone Warriors Rugby League, Mt Smart Stadium, 2 Beasley Avenue, Auckland 1061, New Zealand;
| | - Andrea Braakhuis
- Discipline of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
- Correspondence:
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Edgar CJ, Brooker H. Professor Keith Andrew Wesnes (1950 to 2020). ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2020; 12:e12086. [PMID: 32995463 PMCID: PMC7507086 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cognitive Function and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable Polyphenols in a Young Population: Is There a Relationship? Foods 2019; 8:foods8100507. [PMID: 31627296 PMCID: PMC6836211 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence has shown the relationship between consumption of fruits and vegetables and their polyphenols with the prevention or treatment of diseases. The aim of this review was to find out whether the same relationship exists between fruits and vegetables and cognitive function, especially memory, in a young population. The mechanisms by which polyphenols of fruits and vegetables can exert cognitive benefits were also evaluated. These compounds act to improve neuronal plasticity through the protein CREB (Camp Response Element Binding) in the hippocampus, modulating pathways of signaling and transcription factors (ERK/Akt). In the same way, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the maintenance, survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons. All these effects are produced by an increase of cerebral blood flow and an increase of the blood’s nitric oxide levels and oxygenation.
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26
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Stough C, Nankivell M, Camfield DA, Perry NL, Pipingas A, Macpherson H, Wesnes K, Ou R, Hare D, de Haan J, Head G, Lansjoen P, Langsjoen A, Tan B, Pase MP, King R, Rowsell R, Zwalf O, Rathner Y, Cooke M, Rosenfeldt F. CoQ 10 and Cognition a Review and Study Protocol for a 90-Day Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Cognitive Effects of Ubiquinol in the Healthy Elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:103. [PMID: 31191293 PMCID: PMC6549544 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With an aging population there is an important need for the development of effective treatments for the amelioration of cognitive decline. Multiple mechanisms underlie age-related cognitive decline including cerebrovascular disease, oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction. CoQ10 is a novel treatment which has the potential to improve brain function in healthy elderly populations due to established beneficial effects on mitochondrial function, vascular function and oxidative stress. Methods and Analysis: We describe the protocol for a 90-day randomized controlled trial which examines the efficacy of Ubiquinol (200 mg/day) vs. placebo for the amelioration of cognitive decline in a healthy (non-demented) elderly sample, aged 60 years and over. The primary outcome is the effect of Ubiquinol at 90 days compared to baseline on CogTrack composite measures of cognition. Additional cognitive measures, as well as measures of cardiovascular function, oxidative stress, liver function and mood will also be monitored across 30-, 60- and 90- day time points. Data analyses will involve repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Discussion: This study will be the first of its kind to provide important clinical and mechanistic data regarding the efficacy of Ubiquinol as a treatment for age-related cognitive decline in the healthy elderly with important implications for productivity and quality of life within this age group. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial has been registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTRN12618001841268).
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Affiliation(s)
- Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine Nankivell
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David A Camfield
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Naomi L Perry
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith Wesnes
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Wesnes Cognition Limited, Streatley on Thames, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Ruchong Ou
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Hare
- Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy de Haan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Head
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Lansjoen
- East Texas Medical Center and Trinity Mother Francis Hospital, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Alena Langsjoen
- East Texas Medical Center and Trinity Mother Francis Hospital, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Brendan Tan
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew P Pase
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca King
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Renee Rowsell
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Oliver Zwalf
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yossi Rathner
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Cooke
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franklin Rosenfeldt
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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