1
|
Begdache L, Marhaba R. Bioactive Compounds for Customized Brain Health: What Are We and Where Should We Be Heading? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6518. [PMID: 37569058 PMCID: PMC10418716 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Many strides have been made in the field of nutrition that are making it an attractive field not only to nutrition professionals but also to healthcare practitioners. Thanks to the emergence of molecular nutrition, there is a better appreciation of how the diet modulates health at the cellular and molecular levels. More importantly, the advancements in brain imaging have produced a greater appreciation of the impact of diet on brain health. To date, our understanding of the effect of nutrients on brain health goes beyond the action of vitamins and minerals and dives into the intracellular, molecular, and epigenetic effects of nutrients. Bioactive compounds (BCs) in food are gaining a lot of attention due to their ability to modulate gene expression. In addition, bioactive compounds activate some nuclear receptors that are the target of many pharmaceuticals. With the emergence of personalized medicine, gaining an understanding of the biologically active compounds may help with the customization of therapies. This review explores the prominent BCs that can impact cognitive functions and mental health to deliver a potentially prophylactic framework for practitioners. Another purpose is to identify potential gaps in the literature to suggest new research agendas for scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Begdache
- Health and Wellness Studies Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Rani Marhaba
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Haskell-Ramsay CF, Dodd FL, Smith D, Cuthbertson L, Nelson A, Lodge JK, Jackson PA. Mixed Tree Nuts, Cognition, and Gut Microbiota: A 4-Week, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Nonelderly Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:2778-2788. [PMID: 36202391 PMCID: PMC9840001 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beneficial effects of nut supplementation on cognitive function have previously been demonstrated in young and older adults. Alterations to gut microbiota have also been shown following tree nut consumption. However, no data exists on the effects of nuts on cognition and intestinal microbial communities assessed within the same study. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine the effects of daily consumption of tree nuts for 4 wk on cognitive function (primary outcome), mood, metabolomics, and gut microbial species (secondary outcomes) in healthy, nonelderly adults. METHODS This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced crossover study assessed the effects of 4 wk of supplementation with 30 g/d mixed tree nuts versus placebo on cognition and mood in 79 healthy adults aged 18-49 y. Metabolic responses, gut bacterial community structure, and the potential for these to impact cognition were explored using a multi-omic approach. Bacterial community analysis was conducted in Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME2). RESULTS Mixed model analysis indicated that nut consumption led to significant improvements to accuracy (placebo M = 92.2% compared with NUTS M = 94.5%; P = 0.019) and speed of response (placebo M = 788 ms compared with NUTS M = 757 ms; P = 0.004) on a picture recognition task. No significant changes to bacterial community α or β diversity were observed when comparing nut consumption to the placebo arm. However, an unclassified Lachnospiraceae amplicon sequence variant (ASV) was significantly enriched in participants when supplemented with nuts (P = 0.015). No correlations were observed between the changes to picture recognition and the changes to the unclassified Lachnospiraceae ASV. There were no significant changes to the urinary metabolome. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a positive effect of nut on cognition following only 4 wk of consumption in a healthy nonelderly sample, as well as upregulation of a microbial taxa associated with gut health. The effects appear to be independent of one another, but further exploration is required in those experiencing cognitive decline and/or gut dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona L Dodd
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Smith
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Cuthbertson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John K Lodge
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa A Jackson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paternal Diet before Conception and Its Social Determinants in the Elfe Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194008. [PMID: 36235660 PMCID: PMC9570592 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize paternal diet during the peri-conception period and its associated characteristics. These cross-sectional analyses were based on 998 fathers from the French nationwide ELFE birth cohort recruited in 2011. Fathers’ diet before mothers’ pregnancies was assessed by a 46-item food frequency questionnaire. Six exploratory dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis: “Diverse diet”, “Balanced”, “Alcohol”, “Snacking”, “Bread and cheese”, and “Processed products”. Older age was related to higher scores for the “Balanced”, “Alcohol”, and “Snacking” patterns, and high education level with high scores on the “Balanced” pattern and low scores on the “Processed products” pattern. Unemployment and having a first child were related to high scores on the “Alcohol” pattern. Smoking was positively related to “Alcohol” and “Processed products” patterns. A restrictive diet was associated with high scores on the “Balanced” and “Processed products” patterns and low scores on “Alcohol”, “Snacking”, and “Bread and cheese” patterns. Maternal dietary patterns, identified in a previous analysis, were moderately and positively related to the similar patterns among fathers. These findings are important for screening fathers at risk of a suboptimal diet and for accounting for this factor in future studies to examine the specific influence of paternal diet on a child’s health and development.
Collapse
|
4
|
Aslan Çin NN, Şeref B, Özçelik AÖ, Atav S, Begdache L. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of the Food-Mood Questionnaire for university students. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-9. [PMID: 34736547 PMCID: PMC9991646 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Food-Mood Questionnaire (FMQ) for university students. DESIGN The original questionnaire developed by Begdache et al. (2019) was modified and translated into Turkish. The content validation ratio (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI) were used for content validity assessment. The construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on data collected on university students who completed the survey online. Pearson's correlation coefficients and Cronbach's α were used to assess reliability and validity (P < 0·05). SETTING This study was conducted at five different universities in Turkey. PARTICIPANTS A total of 251 (67 males and 184 females) undergraduate students participated in the study. Of these, seventy-five students completed a pre- and post-test assessment. RESULTS In the current study, 251 university students with a mean age of 21·9 ± 4·1 years participated. The mean CVR and CVI were 0·96 and 0·98, respectively. Factor loadings ranged from 0·341 to 0·863, and item total score correlations ranged from 0·142 to 0·749. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0·633 for the whole scale. Five factors were extracted that had a good fit in CFA (χ2/DF = 1·37, root mean error of approximation: 0·039, goodness-of-fit index: 0·911 and comparative fit index: 0·933). CONCLUSIONS The Turkish FMQ is a valid and a reliable tool for university students. FMQ can be used by clinicians or researchers to examine the mental distress and dietary patterns of university students. Further testing of the FMQ is required for validation in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Nur Aslan Çin
- Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Şeref
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özfer Özçelik
- Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Atav
- Binghamton University, Decker College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Lina Begdache
- Binghamton University, Department of Health and Wellness Studies, Binghamton, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mumme KD, Conlon CA, von Hurst PR, Jones B, de Seymour J, Heath ALM, Stonehouse W, Coad J, Haskell-Ramsay CF, Beck KL. Relative Validity and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessing Dietary Patterns and Food Group Intake in Older New Zealand Adults: The Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:2389-2400.e10. [PMID: 34281811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary pattern analysis considers the overall dietary intake and combinations of foods eaten. Valid and reproducible tools for determining dietary patterns are necessary to assess diet-disease relationships. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the relative validity and reproducibility of the Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health (REACH) Study food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) specifically designed to identify dietary patterns in older adults. DESIGN A subset of participants from the REACH study completed two identical 109-item FFQs 1 month apart (FFQ1 and FFQ2) to assess reproducibility and a 4-day food record between FFQ administrations to assess relative validity. Foods from each dietary assessment tool were assigned to 57 food groups. Principal component analysis was applied to the food group consumption reported in each dietary assessment tool to derive dietary patterns. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Dietary data were collected (2018 and 2019) from a subset of the REACH study (n = 294, 37% men) aged 65 to 74 years, living in Auckland, New Zealand. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Daily intakes of 57 food groups and dietary patterns of older adults participating in REACH living in New Zealand. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Agreement of dietary pattern loadings were assessed using Tucker's congruence coefficient. Agreement of dietary pattern scores and food group intakes were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients (acceptable correlation rho = 0.20 to 0.49), weighted kappa statistic (acceptable statistic κw = 0.20 to 0.60), and Bland-Altman analysis, including mean difference, limits of agreement, plots, and slope of bias. RESULTS Three similar dietary patterns were identified from each dietary assessment tool: Mediterranean style, Western, and prudent. Congruence coefficients between factor loadings ranged from 0.54 to 0.80. Correlations of dietary pattern scores ranged from 0.47 to 0.59 (reproducibility) and 0.33 to 0.43 (validity) (all P values < 0.001); weighted kappa scores from 0.40 to 0.48 (reproducibility) and 0.27 to 0.37 (validity); limits of agreement from ± 1.79 to ± 2.09 (reproducibility) and ± 2.09 to ± 2.27 (validity); a negative slope of bias was seen in the prudent pattern for reproducibility and validity (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The REACH FFQ generated dietary patterns with acceptable reproducibility and relative validity and therefore can be used to examine associations between dietary patterns and health outcomes in older New Zealand adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Mumme
- (1)College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Beatrix Jones
- (2)Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Welma Stonehouse
- (4)Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jane Coad
- (5)College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Kathryn L Beck
- (1)College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Begdache L, Kianmehr H, Najjar H, Witt D, Sabounchi NS. A Differential Threshold of Breakfast, Caffeine and Food Groups May Be Impacting Mental Well-Being in Young Adults: The Mediation Effect of Exercise. Front Nutr 2021; 8:676604. [PMID: 34291069 PMCID: PMC8288514 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.676604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise are known to influence mental health. However, the interaction between diet, dietary practices, and exercise and its impact on the mood of young adults (YA) is poorly understood. YA are inherently at risk for mental distress. They tend to consume a low-quality diet and are generally active. The purpose of the study was to assess these relationships through validating causal loop diagrams (CLD) that describe these connections by using a system dynamic (SD) modeling methodology. Adults 18-29 years were invited to complete the Food-Mood questionnaire. The anonymous questionnaire link was distributed to several institutional listservs and via several social media platforms targeting young adults. A multi-level analysis, including machine learning techniques, was used to assess these relationships. The key findings were then built into gender based CLD, which suggest that a differential repertoire may be needed to optimize diet quality, exercise, and mental well-being. Additionally, a potential net threshold for dietary factors and exercise may be needed to achieve mental well-being in young adults. Moreover, our findings suggest that exercise may boost the enhancing effect of food groups on mental well-being and may lessen the negative impact of dietary impediments of mental well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Begdache
- Health and Wellness Studies Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Hamed Kianmehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Helen Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson College of Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Dylan Witt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Nasim S. Sabounchi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Systems and Community Design, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Customization of Diet May Promote Exercise and Improve Mental Wellbeing in Mature Adults: The Role of Exercise as a Mediator. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050435. [PMID: 34069663 PMCID: PMC8161359 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet, dietary practices and exercise are modifiable risk factors for individuals living with mental distress. However, these relationships are intricate and multilayered in such a way that individual factors may influence mental health differently when combined within a pattern. Additionally, two important factors that need to be considered are gender and level of brain maturity. Therefore, it is essential to assess these modifiable risk factors based on gender and age group. The purpose of the study was to explore the combined and individual relationships between food groups, dietary practices and exercise to appreciate their association with mental distress in mature men and women. Adults 30 years and older were invited to complete the food–mood questionnaire. The anonymous questionnaire link was circulated on several social media platforms. A multi-analyses approach was used. A combination of data mining techniques, namely, a mediation regression analysis, the K-means clustering and principal component analysis as well as Spearman’s rank–order correlation were used to explore these research questions. The results suggest that women’s mental health has a higher association with dietary factors than men. Mental distress and exercise frequency were associated with different dietary and lifestyle patterns, which support the concept of customizing diet and lifestyle factors to improve mental wellbeing.
Collapse
|
8
|
Diet, Exercise, Lifestyle, and Mental Distress among Young and Mature Men and Women: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010024. [PMID: 33374693 PMCID: PMC7822407 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Customization of mental health therapies needs to consider the differences in degree of brain maturity between young (18–29 years) and mature (30 years or older) adults as well as brain morphology among men and women. The aim of this study was to identify the significant dietary and lifestyle contributors to mental distress in these sub-populations. Independent repeated cross-sectional sampling was performed for over a 5-year period (2014–2019) to collect data from different populations at different time-points and seasons. A backward stepwise regression analysis was used on 2628 records. Mental distress in young women was associated with high consumption of caffeine and fast-food, and it was negatively correlated with moderate-high levels of exercise as well as frequent breakfast consumption. Mature women shared several common factors with young women; however, high fruit consumption was negatively associated with mental distress. For young men, high exercise, moderate consumption of dairy, and moderate-high intake of meat were negatively associated with mental distress. In addition, high fast-food and caffeine consumption were positively associated with mental distress in young men. For mature men, strong negative associations between higher education, moderate intake of nuts and mental distress surfaced. Our results support the need to customize dietary and lifestyle recommendations to improve mental wellbeing.
Collapse
|
9
|
The Dark Side of Healthy Eating: Links between Orthorexic Eating and Mental Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123662. [PMID: 33260760 PMCID: PMC7761061 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) describes a behavior where eating overly healthy develops into an obsession leading to significant impairment and stress. Initial studies support a bi-dimensional structure of orthorexic eating with one dimension healthy orthorexia (HeOr, interest in healthy eating), which can be distinguished from the dimension OrNe. The present study pursued the goals to examine the negative consequences of OrNe on mental health, whether HeOr buffers these effects, and the role of gender. Data from two cross-sectional online surveys were combined (study 1 n = 385, 310 women; study 2 n = 398, 265 women; mean age: 28.9 ± 12.0 year) both generating data on psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction, stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in relation to OrNe and HeOr (Teruel Orthorexia Scale). By means of correlation and moderation analyses, OrNe was shown to be associated with poorer mental health, especially in the female sample. In terms of HeOr, clear gender differences appeared. There were no meaningful correlations in women. In men, however, HeOr correlated with better mental health. Further, the link between OrNe and poorer mental health was mitigated when there were high HeOr levels. Present findings support the hypotheses that OrNe is associated with pathological consequences and that HeOr may act as a buffer for these consequences. Gender differences in the clinical manifestation of orthorexic eating confirm previous knowledge and have important implications for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
10
|
McCabe D, Bednarz J, Lockwood C, Barker TH. Specific Nutrient Intake Via Diet and/or Supplementation in Relation to Female Stress: A Cross-Sectional Study. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2020; 1:241-251. [PMID: 33786486 PMCID: PMC7784802 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2020.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Women are negatively impacted by psychological stress and despite the prolific use of dietary supplements to manage stress there is little evidence to support their use for such. This study examined the relationship between intake of specific nutrients through diet and/or dietary supplementation and level of perceived stress. Method: In this cross-sectional study of adult Australian women (n = 74), perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, and supplement usage was recorded using a Supplement Use Questionnaire. Results: Potentially substantive reductions in stress scores were associated with polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation: α-linolenic acid (mean difference [MD] = −3.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −7.97 to 1.29), linoleic acid (MD = −4.08, 95% CI = −8.97 to 0.82), γ-linolenic acid (MD = −2.23, 95% CI = −7.20 to 2.74), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (MD = −4.05, 95% CI = −8.07 to −0.03). There were negative correlations between intake of vitamin B6 and vitamin C and stress (ρ = −0.50 and −0.35, respectively). Compared with nonsupplementers, stress scores were on average 0.92 units lower among those supplementing with magnesium and vitamin B6 concurrently (95% CI = −3.88 to 2.03). An increase in vitamin B6 through food was related to lower stress scores. For most nutrients, intake from food was positively associated with supplementation status. Conclusion: There is some evidence to suggest potentially meaningful associations between intake of particular nutrients and stress, although CIs were wide and there were no statistically significant relationships observed. Further research is warranted to investigate any potential benefits more precisely using randomized controlled trials or large-scale observational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delia McCabe
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jana Bednarz
- Adelaide Health Technology Assessment (AHTA), School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Craig Lockwood
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy H Barker
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dodd FL, Kennedy DO, Stevenson EJ, Veasey RC, Walker K, Reed S, Jackson PA, Haskell-Ramsay CF. Acute and chronic effects of multivitamin/mineral supplementation on objective and subjective energy measures. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:16. [PMID: 32123534 PMCID: PMC7038616 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamins and minerals play an essential role within many cellular processes including energy production and metabolism. Previously, supplementation with a multivitamin/mineral (MVM) for ≥28 days resulted in improvements to cognition and subjective state. We have also demonstrated shifts in metabolism during cognitively demanding tasks following MVM in females, both acutely and following 8-week supplementation. The current study aimed to assess these effects further in males and females using metabolically challenging exercise and cognitive tasks. Methods The current randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel groups study investigated the effects of a MVM complex in 82 healthy young (18-35y) exercisers. Subjective ratings and substrate metabolism were assessed during 30 min each of increasingly effortful incremental exercise and demanding cognitive tasks. Assessments took place on acute study days following a single dose (Day 1) of MVM, containing 3 times recommended daily allowance of water-soluble vitamins plus CoQ10, and following 4-week supplementation (Day 28). Results Energy expenditure (EE) was increased during cognitive tasks following MVM across Day 1 and Day 28, with greater effects in males. In males, MVM also increased carbohydrate oxidation and energy expenditure during exercise across Day 1 and Day 28. In females, mental tiredness was lower during exercise; increases in physical tiredness following 30 min of exercise were attenuated; and stress ratings following cognitive tasks were reduced following MVM. In males, MVM only lowered mental tiredness following 10 min of exercise. These effects were apparent irrespective of day, but effects on mental tiredness were greater on Day 28. Ferritin levels were also higher on Day 28 in those receiving MVM. Conclusion These findings extend on existing knowledge, demonstrating increased carbohydrate oxidation and increased energy expenditure in males following MVM supplementation for the first time. Importantly, they show modulation of energy expenditure and subjective tiredness following a single dose, providing further evidence for acute effects of MVM. Differential effects in men and women suggest that sex may play an important role in the effects of MVM on energy metabolism and should be considered in future research. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03003442. Registered 22nd November 2016 – retrospectively registered
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F L Dodd
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - D O Kennedy
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - E J Stevenson
- 2Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - R C Veasey
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - K Walker
- 3Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - S Reed
- 3Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - P A Jackson
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - C F Haskell-Ramsay
- 4Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| |
Collapse
|