1
|
Ye X, Fung NSK, Lam WC, Lo ACY. Nutraceuticals for Diabetic Retinopathy: Recent Advances and Novel Delivery Systems. Nutrients 2024; 16:1715. [PMID: 38892648 PMCID: PMC11174689 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major vision-threatening disease among the working-age population worldwide. Present therapeutic strategies such as intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF and laser photocoagulation mainly target proliferative DR. However, there is a need for early effective management in patients with early stage of DR before its progression into the more severe sight-threatening proliferative stage. Nutraceuticals, natural functional foods with few side effects, have been proposed to be beneficial in patients with DR. Over the decades, many studies, either in vitro or in vivo, have demonstrated the advantages of a number of nutraceuticals in DR with their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, or vasoprotective effects. However, only a few clinical trials have been conducted, and their outcomes varied. The low bioavailability and instability of many nutraceuticals have indeed hindered their utilization in clinical use. In this context, nanoparticle carriers have been developed to deliver nutraceuticals and to improve their bioavailability. Despite its preclinical nature, research of interventive nutraceuticals for DR may yield promising information in their clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
| | - Nicholas Siu Kay Fung
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
| | - Wai Ching Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Room 301, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Y.); (N.S.K.F.); (W.C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Popov AM, Kozlovskaya EP, Klimovich AA, Rutckova TA, Vakhrushev AI, Hushpulian DM, Gazaryan IG, Makhankov VV, Son OM, Tekutyeva LA. Carotenoids from Starfish Patiria pectinifera: Therapeutic Activity in Models of Inflammatory Diseases. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:470. [PMID: 37755083 PMCID: PMC10533026 DOI: 10.3390/md21090470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The carotenoids mixture (MC) isolated from the starfish Patiria. pectinifera contains more than 50% astaxanthin, 4-6% each zeaxanthine and lutein, and less pharmacologically active components such as free fatty acids and their glycerides. Astaxanthin, the major component of MC, belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids, and is well known for its antioxidant properties. In this work, in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological activity of MC were carried out. The complex was shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and cancer-preventive activity, without any toxicity at a dose of 500 mg/kg. MC effectively improves the clinical picture of the disease progressing, as well as normalizing the cytokine profile and the antioxidant defense system in the in vivo animal models of inflammatory diseases, namely: skin carcinogenesis, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and systemic inflammation (SI). In the skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, the incidence of papillomas was decreased 1.5 times; 1% MC ointment form in allergic contact dermatitis showed an 80% reduced severity of pathomorphological skin manifestations. Obtained results show that MC from starfish P. pectinifera is an effective remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr M. Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Emma P. Kozlovskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Anna A. Klimovich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Tatyana A. Rutckova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Aleksey I. Vakhrushev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Dmitry M. Hushpulian
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 13/4 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (D.M.H.); (I.G.G.)
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospect 33, Moscow 1190721, Russia
| | - Irina G. Gazaryan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 13/4 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (D.M.H.); (I.G.G.)
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Dyson College of Art and Sciences, Pace University, 861 Bedford Road, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA
| | - Vyacheslav V. Makhankov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Oksana M. Son
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, p. Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; (O.M.S.); (L.A.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, Volno-Nadezhdinskoye 692481, Russia
| | - Liudmila A. Tekutyeva
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, p. Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; (O.M.S.); (L.A.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, Volno-Nadezhdinskoye 692481, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kropp M, Golubnitschaja O, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Sargheini N, Vo TTKS, de Clerck E, Polivka J, Potuznik P, Polivka J, Stetkarova I, Kubatka P, Thumann G. Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications-risks and mitigation. EPMA J 2023; 14:21-42. [PMID: 36866156 PMCID: PMC9971534 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) the sequel of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. The current screening process for the DR risk is not sufficiently effective such that often the disease is undetected until irreversible damage occurs. Diabetes-associated small vessel disease and neuroretinal changes create a vicious cycle resulting in the conversion of DR into PDR with characteristic ocular attributes including excessive mitochondrial and retinal cell damage, chronic inflammation, neovascularisation, and reduced visual field. PDR is considered an independent predictor of other severe diabetic complications such as ischemic stroke. A "domino effect" is highly characteristic for the cascading DM complications in which DR is an early indicator of impaired molecular and visual signaling. Mitochondrial health control is clinically relevant in DR management, and multi-omic tear fluid analysis can be instrumental for DR prognosis and PDR prediction. Altered metabolic pathways and bioenergetics, microvascular deficits and small vessel disease, chronic inflammation, and excessive tissue remodelling are in focus of this article as evidence-based targets for a predictive approach to develop diagnosis and treatment algorithms tailored to the individual for a cost-effective early prevention by implementing the paradigm shift from reactive medicine to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in primary and secondary DR care management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kropp
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nafiseh Sargheini
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-Von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Trong-Tin Kevin Steve Vo
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eline de Clerck
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Potuznik
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Plzen, and Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Plzen, and Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stetkarova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tert-butylhydroquinone protects the retina from oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats via the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175297. [PMID: 36174669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether tert-butylhydroquinone protects the retina from oxidative stress in STZ-induced experimental diabetic rats through the activation of phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway.In vitro, NO, reactive oxygen species(ROS), eNOS, p-eNOS Ser1179, Akt, p-Akt Ser473 and L-NAME protein expression was analyzed within rMC-1 cells cultivated within normal control(NC), high glucose (HG) and HG-containing tert-butyl hydroquinone (tBHQ) (5 μM) medium. We confirmed tBHQ's protection through administering inhibitors of PI3K and Akt. In vivo, tBHQ was administered at a ratio of 1% (w/w) to diabetic rats was induced through an STZ injection (65 mg/kg) for a 3-month period, and the retinal expression of eNOS, p-eNOS Ser1179, Akt, and p-Akt Ser473 proteins was measured using Western blotting (WB) assay. We also utilized the TUNEL kit for detecting retinal cell apoptosis. The changes of retinal morphology and visual function were measured by performing hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) and electroretinograms. In vitro, ROS levels were increased in the high glucose group, NO levels were decreased, and the relative expression of Akt/p-Akt Ser473 and eNOs/p-eNOS Ser1179 was reduced. tBHQ abolished these changes, and these effects were suppressed by specific inhibitors. In vivo, tBHQ upregulated retinal protein expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats, reduced retinal apoptotic cell numbers, and partially prevented abnormalities in retinal function and structure caused by diabetes. tBHQ alleviates oxidative stress during diabetic retinopathy by upregulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and partially restoring the structure and function of the retina. It may play a role in delaying vision loss caused by diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pinilla I, Maneu V, Campello L, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N. Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Their Physiopathology and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061086. [PMID: 35739983 PMCID: PMC9219848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina, ultimately leading to loss of visual function. Oxidative stress and inflammation play fundamental roles in the physiopathology of these diseases. Photoreceptor cell death induces an inflammatory state in the retina. The activation of several molecular pathways triggers different cellular responses to injury, including the activation of microglia to eliminate debris and recruit inflammatory cells from circulation. Therapeutical options for IRDs are currently limited, although a small number of patients have been successfully treated by gene therapy. Many other therapeutic strategies are being pursued to mitigate the deleterious effects of IRDs associated with oxidative metabolism and/or inflammation, including inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ accumulation and inflammatory responses, and blocking autophagy. Several compounds are being tested in clinical trials, generating great expectations for their implementation. The present review discusses the main death mechanisms that occur in IRDs and the latest therapies that are under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alashmali S, Walchuk C, Cadonic C, Albensi BC, Aliani M, Suh M. The effect of choline availability from gestation to early development on brain and retina functions and phospholipid composition in a male mouse model. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:1594-1608. [PMID: 33641632 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1885229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although choline is essential for brain development and neural function, the effect of choline on retina function is not well understood. This study examined the effects of choline on neural tissues of brain and retina, and membrane phospholipid (PL) composition during fetal development. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were fed one of 4 choline modified diets: i) control (Cont, 2.5g/kg), ii) choline deficient (Def, 0g/kg), iii) supplemented with choline chloride (Cho, 10g/kg) and iv) supplemented with egg phosphatidylcholine (PC, 10g/kg). At postnatal day (PD) 21, pups were weaned onto their mothers' respective diets until PD 45. Spatial memory was measured using the Morris Water Maze; retina function by electroretinogram (ERG); and PL composition with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Cho and PC supplementation enhanced cued learning and spatial memory abilities, respectively (p Def > PC > Cho, with no statistically significant alterations in cone-driven responses. There were no differences in the composition of major PLs in the brain and retina. In the brain, subclasses of ether PL, alkyl acyl- phosphatidylethanolamine (PEaa) and phosphatidylcholine (PCaa) were significantly greater among the PC supplemented group in comparison to the Def group. DISCUSSION These results indicate that while choline supplementation during gestation to an early developmental period is beneficial for spatial memory, contributions to retina function are minor. Assessment with a larger sample size of retinas could warrant the essentiality of choline for retina development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoug Alashmali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Chelsey Walchuk
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Chris Cadonic
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michel Aliani
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Sahin E, Sahin N, Ozercan IH, Namjoshi T, Srivastava V, Morde A, Rai D, Padigaru M, Sahin K. Different Doses of β-Cryptoxanthin May Secure the Retina from Photooxidative Injury Resulted from Common LED Sources. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6672525. [PMID: 33628377 PMCID: PMC7895591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6672525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal damage associated with loss of photoreceptors is a hallmark of eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. Potent nutritional antioxidants were previously shown to abate the degenerative process in AMD. β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) is an essential dietary carotenoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and provitamin A activity. It is a potential candidate for developing intervention strategies to delay the development/progression of AMD. In the current study, the effect of a novel, highly purified BCX oral formulation on the rat retinal damage model was evaluated. Rats were fed with BCX for four weeks at the doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight in the form of highly bioavailable oil suspension, followed by retinal damage by exposing to the bright light-emitting diode (LED) light (750 lux) for 48 hrs. Animals were sacrificed after 48 hours, and eyes and blood samples were collected and analyzed. BCX supplementations (2 and 4 mg/kg) showed improvements in the visual condition as demonstrated by histopathology of the retina and measured parameters such as total retinal thickness and outer nuclear layer thickness. BCX supplementation helped reduce the burden of oxidative stress as seen by decreased serum and retinal tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and restored the antioxidant enzyme activities in BCX groups. Further, BCX supplementation modulated inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB), apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 3), growth proteins and factors (GAP43, VEGF), glial and neuronal proteins (GFAP, NCAM), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), along with the mitochondrial stress markers (ATF4, ATF6, Grp78, Grp94) in the rat retinal tissue. This study indicates that oral supplementation of BCX exerts a protective effect on light-induced retinal damage in the rats via reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, also protected against mitochondrial DNA damage and cellular death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Hasan Gencoglu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Emre Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | | | - Tejas Namjoshi
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Biotechnology Park, Pune 411057, India
| | | | - Abhijeet Morde
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Wagle Estate, Thane 400604, India
| | - Deshanie Rai
- OmniActive Health Technologies Inc, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Makamure J, Zhao D, Liu Y, Guo X, Zheng C, Liang B. Bioinformatics analysis reveals meaningful markers and outcome predictors in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:427-435. [PMID: 32537007 PMCID: PMC7281962 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of malignant neoplasm of the liver with high morbidity and mortality. Extensive research into the pathology of HCC has been performed; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of hepatitis B virus-associated HCC have remained elusive. Thus, the present study aimed to identify critical genes and pathways associated with the development and progression of HCC. The expression profiles of the GSE121248 dataset were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) analyses were performed by using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for detecting hub genes. In the present study, 1,153 DEGs (777 upregulated and 376 downregulated genes) were identified and the PPI network yielded 15 hub genes. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were primarily enriched in ‘protein binding’, ‘cytoplasm’ and ‘extracellular exosome’. KEGG analysis indicated that DEGs were accumulated in ‘metabolic pathways’, ‘chemical carcinogenesis’ and ‘fatty acid degradation’. After constructing the PPI network, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, cyclin B1, cyclin A2, mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1, cyclin B2, DNA topoisomerase IIα, budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles (BUB)1, TTK protein kinase, non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G, NDC80 kinetochore complex component, aurora kinase A, kinesin family member 11, cell division cycle 20, BUB1B and abnormal spindle microtubule assembly were identified as hub genes based on the high degree of connectivity by using Cytoscape software. In addition, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) analyses were performed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis online database, which revealed that the increased expression of all hub genes were associated with poorer OS and DFS outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed using GraphPad prism 7.0 software. The results confirmed that 15 hub genes were able to distinguish HCC form normal tissues. Furthermore, the expression levels of three key genes were analyzed in tumor and normal samples of the Human Protein Atlas database. The present results may provide further insight into the underlying mechanisms of HCC and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Joyman Makamure
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fathalipour M, Fathalipour H, Safa O, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Mirkhani H, Hassanipour S. The Therapeutic Role of Carotenoids in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2347-2358. [PMID: 32753919 PMCID: PMC7342496 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s255783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are a large group of natural pigments that occur in many foods, fruits, and vegetables. Several studies have shown a number of biological properties of carotenoids, particularly beneficial impacts on cancer, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. However, recent evidence has shown that these compounds could prevent, delay, and ameliorate diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of current study was to review the therapeutic effects of carotenoids in the treatment of DR and discuss the molecular mechanisms that are behind these pharmacological activities. METHODS Six online databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest) were searched until September 2019. The systematic review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. RESULTS A total of 25 studies were included after the final retrieval. A relationship was observed between carotenoids and management of DR. Findings also demonstrated that the underlying mechanism of beneficial effects of these compounds was antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective properties. CONCLUSION Carotenoids potentially delay the initiation and prevent the progression of DR; however, ample preclinical studies are required to confirm their effect, and adequate clinical trials are needed to really understand how well these compounds influence DR among humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fathalipour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hadis Fathalipour
- The Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Safa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Mirkhani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Correspondence: Soheil Hassanipour Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardar-Jangle Ave., Rasht41448-95655, IranTel +98(13)33535116Fax +98(13)33534951 Email
| |
Collapse
|