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Olagoke OC, Ogunsuyi OB, Mayokun FE, Rocha JBT, Oboh G. Neurobehavioral, neurotransmitter and redox modifications in Nauphoeta cinerea under mixed heavy metal (silver and mercury) exposure. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:188. [PMID: 38970085 PMCID: PMC11227235 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are encountered in nature, and are used in several human endeavors, including in dental fillings. It is well known that the safety of metals depends on their chemical form, as well as the dose and route through which biological systems are exposed to them. Here, we used the Nauphoeta cinerea model to examine the mechanism by which salts of the heavy metals used in dental fillings - silver and mercury - exert their neurotoxicity. Nymphs exposed to heavy metals presented with reduced motor and exploratory abilities as they spent more time immobile, especially in the periphery of a novel object, and covered less distance compared with control nymphs. Exposure to AgNO3 and HgCl2 also exacerbated levels of oxidative stress markers (MDA & ROS) and the neurotransmitter regulators - AChE and MAO, while reducing antioxidant activity markers, both in biochemical (thiol & GST) and RT-qPCR (TRX, GST, SOD, Catalase) examinations, in neural tissues of the cockroach. The observed disruptions in neurolocomotor control, synaptic transmission and redox balance explain how heavy metal salts may predispose organisms to neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawande C Olagoke
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Translational Research and Technology Innovation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Kampala International University, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
| | - Opeyemi B Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Famutimi E Mayokun
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - João B T Rocha
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
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Oyeniran OH, Courage FD, Ademiluyi AO, Oboh G. Sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum) leaf and seed extracts alleviate neuronal dysfunction in aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen model. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38433659 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2317828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum is an important medicinal plant and culinary herb generally known as sweet basil (SB). These plants are effective radical scavengers, that have been employed in treatment of nervous system disorders, and thus, could be beneficial for the management of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Current clinical treatments for NDs present several side effects, therefore, there is need to develop new treatments that can mitigate these deadly diseases. Hence, this study investigated the neuroprotective activities of SB leaf and seed in aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. HPLC characterization of the leaves and seeds were carried out. AlCl3-diet was used to induce neurodegeneration and treated flies received SB leaf and seed extracts-supplemented diet. Survival and locomotor performance activities/levels of oxidative biomarkers [reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), total thiol, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)], enzymes linked with neurodegeneration (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO)) were investigated. SB leaf had significantly (p < 0.05) higher polyphenol contents; gallic acid and P-coumaric acid were the most abundant polyphenol in the leaf and seed respectively. Percentage survival and locomotor rates, level/activities of total thiol, catalase, SOD and GST were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced while ROS, TBARS, AChE and MAO activities were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in AlCl3-diet-fed flies. Treatment with SB leaf and seed diet lessened these observed impairments. However, SB leaf had better neuroprotective activities that could be related to the observed higher phenolic constituents. Hence, SB leaf diet may offer improved therapeutic effect in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola H Oyeniran
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Famusiwa D Courage
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo O Ademiluyi
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Ogunsuyi OB, Aro OP, Oboh G, Olagoke OC. Curcumin improves the ability of donepezil to ameliorate memory impairment in Drosophila melanogaster: involvement of cholinergic and cnc/Nrf2-redox systems. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1035-1043. [PMID: 36069210 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2119995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
One of the well-established models for examining neurodegeneration and neurotoxicity is the Drosophila melanogaster model of aluminum-induced toxicity. Anti-cholinesterase drugs have been combined with other neuroprotective agents to improve Alzheimer's disease management, but there is not much information on the combination of anti-cholinesterases with dietary polyphenols to combat memory impairment. Here, we assess how curcumin influences some of the critical therapeutic effects of donepezil (a cholinesterase inhibitor) in AlCl3-treated Drosophila melanogaster. Harwich strain flies were exposed to 40 mM AlCl3 - alone or in combination with curcumin (1 mg/g) and/or donepezil (12.5 µg/g and 25 µg/g) - for seven days. The flies' behavioral evaluations (memory index and locomotor performance) were analyzed. Thereafter, the flies were processed into homogenates for the quantification of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase, total thiol, and rate of lipid peroxidation, as well as the mRNA levels of acetylcholinesterase (ACE1) and cnc/NRF2. Results showed that AlCl3-treated flies presented impaired memory and increased activities of acetylcholinesterase and lipid peroxidation, while there were decrease in total thiol levels and catalase activity when compared to the control. Also, the expression of ACE1 was significantly increased while that of cnc/NRF2 was significantly decreased. However, combinations of curcumin and donepezil, especially at lower dose of donepezil, significantly improved the memory index and biochemical parameters compared to donepezil alone. Thus, curcumin plus donepezil offers unique therapeutic effects during memory impairment in the D. melanogaster model of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Babatunde Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi Philemon Aro
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Drosophila Research Lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olawande Chinedu Olagoke
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sharma D, Joshi M, Apparsundaram S, Goyal RK, Patel B, Dhobi M. Solanum nigrum L. in COVID-19 and post-COVID complications: a propitious candidate. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2221-2240. [PMID: 36689040 PMCID: PMC9868520 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has changed the world scenario and caused mortality around the globe. Patients who recovered from COVID-19 have shown neurological, psychological, renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological complications. In some patients, complications lasted more than 6 months. However, significantly less attention has been given to post-COVID complications. Currently available drugs are used to tackle the complications, but new interventions must address the problem. Phytochemicals from natural sources have been evaluated in recent times to cure or alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. An edible plant, Solanum nigrum, could be therapeutic in treating COVID-19 as the AYUSH ministry of India prescribes it during the pandemic. S. nigrum demonstrates anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral action to treat the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its post-complications. Different parts of the plant represent a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and prevent multi-organ failure by protecting various organs (liver, kidney, heart, neuro, and lung). The review proposes the possible role of the plant S. nigrum in managing the symptoms of COVID-19 and its post-COVID complications based on in silico docking and pharmacological studies. Further systematic and experimental studies are required to validate our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Mit Joshi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, 382481, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Subbu Apparsundaram
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhoomika Patel
- National Forensic Sciences University, Sector-9, Gandhinagar-382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India.
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Jeanne PV, McLamb F, Feng Z, Griffin L, Gong S, Shea D, Szuch MA, Scott S, Gersberg RM, Bozinovic G. Locomotion and brain gene expression exhibit sex-specific non-monotonic dose-response to HFPO-DA during Drosophila melanogaster lifespan. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:207-221. [PMID: 37156305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known for their environmental persistence and bio-accumulative properties, have been phased out in the U.S. due to public health concerns. A newer polymerization aid used in the manufacture of some fluoropolymers, hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA), has lower reported bioaccumulation and toxicity, but is a potential neurotoxicant implicated in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE We investigated HFPO-DA's bio-accumulative potential and sex-specific effects on lifespan, locomotion, and brain gene expression in fruit flies. METHODS We quantified bioaccumulation of HFPO-DA in fruit flies exposed to 8.7×104µg/L of HFPO-DA in the fly media for 14 days via UHPLC-MS. Long-term effect on lifespan was determined by exposing both sexes to 8.7×102 - 8.7×105µg/L of HFPO-DA in media. Locomotion was measured following 3, 7, and 14 days of exposures at 8.7×101 - 8.7×105µg/L of HFPO-DA in media, and high-throughput 3'-end RNA-sequencing was used to quantify gene expression in fly brains across the same time points. RESULTS Bioaccumulation of HFPO-DA in fruit flies was not detected. HFPO-DA-induced effects on lifespan, locomotion, and brain gene expression, and lowest adverse effect level (LOAEL) showed sexually dimorphic patterns. Locomotion scores significantly decreased in at least one dose at all time points for females and only at 3-day exposure for males, while brain gene expression exhibited non-monotonic dose-response. Differentially expressed genes correlated to locomotion scores revealed sex-specific numbers of positively and negatively correlated genes per functional category. CONCLUSION Although HFPO-DA effects on locomotion and survival were significant at doses higher than the US EPA reference dose, the brain transcriptomic profiling reveals sex-specific changes and neurological molecular targets; gene enrichments highlight disproportionately affected categories, including immune response: female-specific co-upregulation suggests potential neuroinflammation. Consistent sex-specific exposure effects necessitate blocking for sex in experimental design during HFPO-DA risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vu Jeanne
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA; San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego, Division of Extended Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Flannery McLamb
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego, Division of Extended Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zuying Feng
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA; San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey Griffin
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego, Division of Extended Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia Gong
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA; San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego, Division of Extended Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Mary A Szuch
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Savannah Scott
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Gersberg
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Goran Bozinovic
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA; San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego, School of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Su K, Yao X, Guo C, Qian C, Wang Y, Ma X, Wang X, Yang Y. Solasodine suppresses the metastasis of gastric cancer through claudin-2 via the AMPK/STAT3/NF-κB pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 379:110520. [PMID: 37121296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, and it has become the third most common malignant tumour in the world. Targeting metastasis has also become a key and difficult point in the treatment of GC. Solasodine is an active ingredient isolated from Solanum nigrumL. for the treatment of various cancers, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and lung cancer. In the present study, we investigated the role and mechanism of solasodine in inhibiting GC. In vitro, we found that solasodine not only promoted cell death but also inhibited the migration and invasion of HGC27 and AGS cells. Solasodine regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduced the expression of claudin-2 (CLDN2). Moreover, overexpression of CLDN2 inhibited the prometastatic phenotype and EMT of GC, and solasodine recovered this phenotype. Furthermore, the knockdown of CLDN2 had the opposite effect. We also found that the AMPK activators metformin and AICAR activated phosphorylation of AMPK and downregulated the expression of RhoA and CLDN2, indicating that AMPK was the upstream regulator of CLDN2. Solasodine could also activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Therefore, solasodine may have prevented EMT by modulating the AMPK/STAT3/NF-κB/CLDN2 signalling pathway. In vivo, we established a xenograft model to investigate the phosphorylation of AMPK and the expression of CLDN2 from tumour tissues, and we found that solasodine inhibited tumour growth through AMPK-CLDN2 pathway. To sum up, solasodine prevented EMT by modulating the AMPK/STAT3/NF-κB/CLDN2 signalling pathway, becoming a new solution for inhibiting GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Su
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xuan Yao
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Jingxin Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 201805, China.
| | - Chunmei Qian
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yiying Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Ma
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yifu Yang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Abomosallam M, Hendam BM, Abdallah AA, Refaat R, Elshatory A, Gad El Hak HN. Neuroprotective effect of piracetam-loaded magnetic chitosan nanoparticles against thiacloprid-induced neurotoxicity in albino rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:943-965. [PMID: 36745244 PMCID: PMC10140136 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiacloprid (TH) is a neurotoxic agricultural insecticide and potential food contaminant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between TH exposure and memory dysfunction in rats, as well as the potential protective effect of piracetam and piracetam-loaded magnetic chitosan nanoparticles (PMC NPs). Rats were divided into five equal groups (six rats/group). The control group received saline. Group II was treated with PMC NPs at a dose level of 200 mg/kg body weight (Bwt); Group III was treated with 1/10 LD50 of TH (65 mg/kg Bwt); Group IV was treated with TH (65 mg/kg Bwt) and piracetam (200 mg/kg Bwt); Group V was co-treated with TH (65 mg/kg Bwt) and PMC NPs (200 mg/kg Bwt). All animal groups were dosed daily for 6 weeks by oral gavage. Footprint analysis, hanging wire test, open field test, and Y-maze test were employed to assess behavioral deficits. Animals were euthanized, and brain tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers, proinflammatory cytokines, and gene expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and caspase-3. Brain and sciatic nerve tissues were used for the evaluation of histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of tau protein and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), respectively. The results revealed that TH-treated rats suffered from oxidative damage and inflammatory effect on the central and peripheral nerves. The administration of PMC NPs considerably protected against TH-induced neuronal damage, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, decreased inflammatory markers, and improved behavioral performance than the group treated with piracetam. The neuroprotective effect of PMC NPs was mediated through the inhibition of GFAP, APP, caspase-3, Tau, and NF-κB gene expression with induction of Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, TH could induce oxidative stress, inflammatory and neurobehavior impairment in rats. However, PMC NPs administration markedly mitigated TH-induced brain toxicity, possibly via oxidative and inflammatory modulation rather than using piracetam alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abomosallam
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma M Hendam
- Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amr A Abdallah
- Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Rasha Refaat
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshatory
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
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Bernardt TM, Treviso EM, Cancian M, Silva MDM, da Rocha JBT, Loreto ELS. Chemotherapy Drugs Act Differently in the Expression and Somatic Mobilization of the mariner Transposable Element in Drosophila simulans. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122374. [PMID: 36553641 PMCID: PMC9777735 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are abundant in genomes. Their mobilization can lead to genetic variability that is useful for evolution, but can also have deleterious biological effects. Somatic mobilization (SM) has been linked to degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer. We used a Drosophila simulans strain, in which SM can be measured by counting red spots in the eyes, to investigate how chemotherapeutic agents affect expression and SM of the mariner TE. Flies were treated with Cisplatin, Dacarbazine, and Daunorubicin. After acute exposure, relative expression of mariner was quantified by RT-qPCR and oxidative stress was measured by biochemical assays. Exposure to 50 and 100 µg/mL Cisplatin increased mariner expression and ROS levels; catalase activity increased at 100 µg/mL. With chronic exposure, the number of spots also increased, indicating higher mariner SM. Dacarbazine (50 and 100 µg/mL) did not significantly alter mariner expression or mobilization or ROS levels, but decreased catalase activity (100 µg/mL). Daunorubicin (25 and 50 µM) increased mariner expression, but decreased mariner SM. ROS and catalase activity were also reduced. Our data suggest that stress factors may differentially affect the expression and SM of TEs. The increase in mariner transposase gene expression is necessary, but not sufficient for mariner SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Maus Bernardt
- Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Estéfani Maria Treviso
- Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cancian
- Genetic and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Monica de Medeiros Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Elgion Lucio Silva Loreto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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9
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Chen X, Dai X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Yuan L, He X, Gong G. Solanum nigrum Linn.: An Insight into Current Research on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:918071. [PMID: 36052142 PMCID: PMC9424827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum nigrum Linn., is a common edible medicinal herb of the Solanaceae family which is native to Southeast Asia and is now widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of Europe, Asia, and America. Traditionally, it has been used to treat various cancers, acute nephritis, urethritis, leucorrhea, sore throat, toothache, dermatitis, eczema, carbuncles, and furuncles. Up to now, 188 chemical constituents have been identified from S. nigrum. Among them, steroidal saponins, alkaloids, phenols, and polysaccharides are the major bioactive constituents. Investigations of pharmacological activities of S. nigrum revealed that this edible medicinal herb exhibits a wide range of therapeutic potential, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective activities both in vivo and in vitro. This article presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of the botanical, traditional uses, phytochemical compositions, pharmacological properties, clinical trials, and toxicity of S. nigrum to provide the latest information for further exploitation and applications of S. nigrum in functional foods and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xufen Dai
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinghai Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Libang Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Xirui He, ; Gu Gong,
| | - Gu Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xirui He, ; Gu Gong,
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10
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Oboh G, Oluokun OO, Oyeleye S, Ogunsuyi O. Moringa seed-supplemented diets modulate ACE activity but not its gene expression in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Biomarkers 2022; 27:684-693. [PMID: 35833352 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We investigated the effect of dietary inclusions of Moringa seed (5% and 10%) on blood pressure, angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and gene expression, as well as redox status in hypertensive rats.Material and methods: Wistar strain albino rats were fed moringa seed-based diets for two weeks prior L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.) administration for another ten days. Subsequently, the blood pressure was monitored. Furthermore, the kidney homogenates were assayed for ACE activity and gene expression, as well as oxidative stress markers.Results: The increased (systolic =297 ± 59.30 mmHg; diastolic= 242 ± 51.96 mmHg) blood pressure, arginase activity, and reduced nitric oxide level were significantly ameliorated in hypertensive rats treated with the seed. However, the elevated ACE activity was significantly reduced but not the upregulated ACE1 gene. Also, the reduced antioxidant enzyme activities were ameliorated with a significant downregulation in their regulator-Nrf2. Rutin (4.07 ± 0.02 mg/g) and quercitrin (4.06 ± 0.01 mg/g), among others, were found in the seed.Discussion: This study suggests that moringa seed offers its antihypertensive properties by acting as an ACE inhibitor but not its gene modulator, and also modulates the antioxidant system through interaction with Nrf2.Conclusion: Moringa seed could act as an ACE inhibitor and not its gene modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Drosophila Research lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria
| | - Odunayo O Oluokun
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Drosophila Research lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Oyeleye
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Drosophila Research lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Drosophila Research lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria
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Ogunsuyi O, Olasehinde T, Oboh G. Neuroprotective properties of Solanum leaves in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model of Alzheimer's disease. Biomarkers 2022; 27:587-598. [PMID: 35546534 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2077446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the effect of African eggplant (AE) (Solanum macrocarpon L) and Black nightshade (BN) (Solanum nigrum L) leaves; two tropical vegetables consumed by humans on behavioral, biochemical and histological indices in Drosophila melanogaster model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIALS AND METHOD Transgenic flies expressing human Amyloid Precursor Protein (hAPP) and β-secretase (hBACE 1) were exposed to the pulverized leaf samples (0.1 and 1.0%) in their diets for fourteen days. Thereafter, the flies were assessed for their behavioral indices and routine histology of brain cells. Furthermore, fly head homogenates were assayed for β-amyloid level, activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase (BACE-1), as well as oxidative stress markers. RESULTS Result showed that the significantly lower (p < 0.05) behavioral parameters (survival, locomotor performance and memory index), higher AChE and BACE-1 activities, β-amyloid, ROS and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as reduced antioxidant indices observed in the AD flies, were significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05) in AD flies treated with the leaf samples. DISCUSSION This study has showed that leaves of AE and BN ameliorated behavioral and biochemical indices in AD flies via neural enzyme modulatory, and antioxidant mechanisms. CONCLUSION Hence, this study further justifies the neuroprotective properties of both AE and BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Tosin Olasehinde
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria.,Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
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Ogunsuyi OB, Olagoke OC, Afolabi BA, Loreto JS, Ademiluyi AO, Aschner M, Oboh G, Barbosa NV, da Rocha JBT. Effect of Solanum vegetables on memory index, redox status, and expressions of critical neural genes in Drosophila melanogaster model of memory impairment. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:729-741. [PMID: 34994925 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
African eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L) (AE) and Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum L) (BN) leaves are green leafy vegetables with nutritional and ethnobotanical values. We have previously characterized the vegetables via HPLC/LC-MS to reveal notable phenolic acids, flavonoids and alkaloids. In this present study, we addressed the efficacy of the two vegetables in mitigating mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced neurotoxicity and memory impairment in Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were exposed to HgCl2 (0.30 mg/g) alone or in combination with the vegetables (0.1 and 1.0%) of both samples in their diets for seven days. The results showed that HgCl2 (Hg)-exposed flies had significantly reduced survival rate and memory index, which were ameliorated in the Hg-exposed flies fed AE or BN. This was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reduced total thiol, as well as catalase, glutathione transferase (GST) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities in Hg-exposed fly heads, but ameliorated in Hg-exposed flies fed dietary inclusions of the vegetables. In addition, the Hg-induced alterations in SOD, NF-ҝB/Relish, Dronc and Reaper mRNA levels were statistically indistinguishable from controls in Hg-treated flies fed diets containing AE or BN. Normalization of cnc/Nrf2 and FOXO were observed only in Hg-treated flies fed BN. These findings suggest that dietary AE or BN leaves offer protection against Hg-induced memory impairment and neurotoxicity in D. melanogaster, and further justify them as functional foods with neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi B Ogunsuyi
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olawande C Olagoke
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Blessing A Afolabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University Iwo, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Julia S Loreto
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Adedayo O Ademiluyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Nilda V Barbosa
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João B T da Rocha
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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