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Waszak I, Ruczyńska W, Podlesińska W. Contaminant levels versus toxicity bioassays in ecological risk assessment of sediments from the southern Baltic Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 200:106665. [PMID: 39116736 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Surface sediments collected in 2021 from six locations in the southern Baltic Sea (Polish district) were examined by chemical and toxicological methods. Chemical analyses included polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their alkylated derivatives, butyltin compounds and 16 major and trace elements. The toxicity was measured using Ostracodtoxkit F and Microtox. The ecological risk of sediment was estimated by hazard quotient (HQ) calculation. Some PAHs, alkylated PAHs and metals (Zn, Hg, Cd and As) could pose a moderate risk in the sediments from the Gdańsk Deep and in the vicinity of the wrecks, but the risk resulting from the presence of all analyzed compounds was considered high for these sediments. In studies using biotests, sediments from the vicinity of the t/s Franken wreck and the Słupsk Furrow were highly toxic to test organisms. Ostracodtoxkit F, compared to Microtox, appeared a more sensitive test for measured compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Waszak
- Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Wiesława Ruczyńska
- Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Weronika Podlesińska
- Gdynia Aquarium, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
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2
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Lubecki L, Szymczak-Żyła M. Application of various molecular markers for investigating petrogenic inputs in coastal systems strongly impacted by anthropogenic stressors. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116224. [PMID: 38457880 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, multiple molecular markers [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), linear and branched alkanes, unresolved complex mixture (UCM), hopanes, and steranes] were applied to explore petroleum-related inputs in complex coastal systems influenced by various human-induced pressures. To investigate anthropogenic impacts related to petrogenic emissions, we analysed surface sediments from coastal areas of southern Baltic, including harbour/shipyard channels, offshore dumping sites, shipping routes, and major sinks for particulate matter discharged by large rivers. This study indicates a large spatial variability in the contamination degree of examined sites by petroleum-derived chemicals. Hopanes and steranes along with UCM appeared to have the highest potential to identify petroleum sources in studied locations, whereas investigations based on alkanes and PAHs seemed to be considerably affected by inputs of modern biogenic and combustion-derived materials, respectively. However, the combined use of all these markers provides deeper insight into the complexity of sedimentary organic matter in human-impacted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik Lubecki
- Laboratory of Marine Chemical Markers, Department of Paleoceanography, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szymczak-Żyła
- Laboratory of Marine Chemical Markers, Department of Paleoceanography, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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3
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Musrri CA, Palma-Rojas C, von Brand E, Abessa DMS. Environmental Genotoxicity Assessment Using Micronucleus (and Nuclear Abnormalities) Test on Intertidal Mussel Perumytilus purpuratus: A Tool for Biomonitoring the Chilean Coast. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:77-83. [PMID: 33595678 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The release of pollutants is increasing along the coast of Chile, and the use of biomarkers in biomonitoring programs is essential to assess the early biological effects of marine contamination. The Micronucleus (MN) test was carried out using hemocytes of the mussel Perumytilus purpuratus from two sites in northern-central Chile (La Pampilla and Totoralillo). Nuclear abnormalities were assessed, and high frequencies of micronucleus (10.7-14.4‰) and other abnormalities were found (51.9-76.6‰). These values tended to be higher in La Pampilla, possibly due to the large presence of pollution sources in that site. However, considerably high values were observed in both sites. P. purpuratus is a suitable bioindicator and further monitoring along the Chilean coast using this species should be developed using the MN test and/or other biomarkers to comprehend the effects of human activities on the coastal environment of Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Musrri
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - C Palma-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - E von Brand
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - D M S Abessa
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
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Waszak I, Jonko-Sobuś K, Ożarowska A, Zaniewicz G. Estimation of native and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seabirds from the south coast of the Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4366-4376. [PMID: 32940838 PMCID: PMC7835302 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Native and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined in the muscle, liver, kidneys, and lungs of greater scaup (Aythya marila) and great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus). Both species showed differences in distribution and profiles among the tissues. The highest ƩPAH concentrations were in the scaup lungs and the grebe kidneys (20 and 19 ng g-1 wet weight, respectively). Alkylated derivatives were in the range of 61 to 77% of ΣPAHs in both species. Differences in PAH profiles between birds, analyzed by PCA, were probably results of metabolic capability, not various diet. In comparison to available data from other regions of the world, PAH levels in investigated species are relatively low and do not pose a threat to birds themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Waszak
- Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), 1 Kołłątaja Str, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Karolina Jonko-Sobuś
- Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), 1 Kołłątaja Str, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ożarowska
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zaniewicz
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Waszak I, Dabrowska H, Warzocha J. Assessment of native and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and mussels (Mytilus spp.) in the southern Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:514-527. [PMID: 30688326 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00384j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Native and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in whole and fine grained (F < 63 μm) sediment fractions and mussels in the southern Baltic Sea. Both sediments and mussels showed spatial differences in PAH levels and profiles. In whole sediments, mean concentrations of Σ16PAHs, ΣaPAHs, and ΣPAHs reached up to 1537, 415, and 1952 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), respectively, and in mussels they reached up to 235, 143, and 325 ng g-1 dw, respectively, depending on location. ΣaPAHs made up to 36% of ΣPAHs in whole sediments and up to 55% in some mussels in the Gulf of Gdańsk. The association of PAHs with the sediment F < 63 μm differed depending on the PAH compound and season. Analysis of PAH sources was done using PCA and the ratios of specific compound concentrations. The sediment and mussel PAH levels evaluated against environmental quality criteria indicated no risk related to PAH occurrence in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Waszak
- Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), 1 Kołłątaja Str., Gdynia 81-332, Poland.
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Stakėnienė R, Jokšas K, Galkus A, Raudonytė-Svirbutavičienė E. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Curonian Lagoon and the Nemunas River Delta (Lithuania, Baltic Sea): distribution, origin, and suggestions for the monitoring program. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:212. [PMID: 30852690 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Curonian Lagoon is the largest lagoon in the Baltic Sea region suffering from a great anthropogenic pressure. Pollution sources within the Nemunas River basin and those within the Klaipėda Port are the main threats to this sensitive water area. For the first time, such a detailed study on 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distribution, origin, and ecological risks was carried out in the Curonian Lagoon and the Nemunas River Delta. Total PAH concentration ranged from 5.6 to 528.4 ng g-1 d.w., demonstrating low to moderate pollution. The main identified PAH sources were vehicular and biomass emission, petroleum product spills, and coal combustion. A particularly high naphthalene concentration posing adverse biological effects was detected in the Nemunas River Delta region. Occasional adverse biological effects related to acenaphthene and dibenzo(a)anthracene might be observed in several Curonian Lagoon locations. The data obtained could serve for the improvement of the current regional environmental monitoring program: it reveals the need to take into account different sedimentary environments while choosing sampling locations. In addition to that, more PAHs could be included to the hazardous substance list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimutė Stakėnienė
- Institute of Geology and Geography, SRI Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, Room 608, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Jokšas
- Institute of Geology and Geography, SRI Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, Room 608, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Galkus
- Institute of Geology and Geography, SRI Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, Room 608, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eva Raudonytė-Svirbutavičienė
- Institute of Geology and Geography, SRI Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, Room 608, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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7
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Zaborska A, Siedlewicz G, Szymczycha B, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L, Pazdro K. Legacy and emerging pollutants in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea) - loads and distribution revisited. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:238-255. [PMID: 30686425 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine areas of densely populated countries are exposed to a wide array of human activities having an impact on their ecological status. The Baltic Sea is particularly susceptible to pollution by hazardous substances (limited water exchange, shallowness, and large catchment area). Polish media regularly reports ecological catastrophes in the Gulf of Gdańsk area caused by eg. shipwrecks leaking. Thus, there is a need of a broad scientific based report on recent contaminant loads and distribution. In this review paper, we report loads of contaminants from different obvious and non-obvious sources. We also gather data on legacy and new emerging contaminant concentrations measured in the Gulf of Gdańsk within the last decade (2008-2018). The paper also includes available biological effect measurements performed recently as well as a summary of needs and gaps to be filled for the development of reliable risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zaborska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Siedlewicz
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Beata Szymczycha
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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Lubecki L, Oen AMP, Breedveld GD, Zamojska A. Vertical profiles of sedimentary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Poland) and Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (Norway), and their relation to regional energy transitions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:336-346. [PMID: 30056229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of undisturbed sediment cores is a powerful tool for understanding spatial and temporal impacts of anthropogenic emissions from the energy and transport sectors at a regional scale. The spatial and vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and black carbon (BC) were determined in 12 cores of recent (up to 20cm long) sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk in Poland, and Oslofjord/Drammensfjord in Norway. The Σ12PAHs levels in individual sediment layers varied from 250 to 4500ng/g d.w. in the Gulf of Gdańsk, and from 210 to 4580ng/g d.w. in the Norwegian fjords. Analysis of PAH ratios indicates that PAHs in both studied areas originated mainly from pyrogenic sources. The BC concentrations in sediments were up to 0.9% and were generally higher in the Gulf of Gdańsk (mean - 0.39%) than in Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (mean - 0.19%). The deposition history of anthropogenic emissions over the last 100years was reconstructed based on the analysis of dated and well-laminated sediment cores from two stations from the Gulf of Gdańsk and two stations from the Norwegian fjords. The evolution in energy structure was especially evident in the Oslofjord, where transition from fossil fuel combustion to hydropower after 1960 coincided with a sharp decrease in sedimentary PAHs. Despite significant changes in the economic development in Poland, temporal patterns in PAH concentrations/profiles in the Gulf of Gdańsk were not as obvious. The historical PAH trends in the Gulf of Gdańsk may be related to the overwhelming PAH inputs from domestic combustion of solid fuels (coal, wood) for heating purposes. The implementation of legislation and other activities addressed to restrict the use of solid fuels in residential heating should reduce PAH emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik Lubecki
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Amy M P Oen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gijs D Breedveld
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Zamojska
- University of Gdańsk, Department of Econometrics, ul. Armii Krajowej 101, 81-824 Sopot, Poland
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Pouch A, Zaborska A, Pazdro K. Concentrations and origin of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of western Spitsbergen fjords (Kongsfjorden, Hornsund, and Adventfjorden). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:175. [PMID: 28324278 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Contaminant profiles in sediment cores represent valuable natural archives of environmental contamination, by which contaminant sources and historical changes in contaminant input and cycling may be recognized. In the present study, we discuss the sedimentary profiles and historical trends of organic contaminants - polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - in three fjords of the Svalbard archipelago differing in environmental conditions and anthropogenic impact. The obtained results revealed no significant differences between the fjords Hornsund and Kongsfjorden, in the average levels of the analyzed contaminants. Levels ranging from 0.05 to 1.47 ng/g d.w. for ∑7 PCBs and from 37.3 to 1973 ng/g d.w. for ∑12 PAHs were measured. The observed spatial and temporal differences in contaminant levels are rather related to local variations in the fjords associated with the location of sampling stations. Higher concentrations of the ∑7 PCBs exceeding 1.00 ng/g d.w. were measured in sediment cores collected in the inner parts of both fjords, which remain under the influence of melting glacier outflows. Important concentrations of these contaminants were noticed in layers deposited recently, suggesting intensive supply of these substances from secondary sources. The observed levels are generally low and well below known established no effect levels. Only the concentration of fluoranthene exceeded the threshold effect level at several sampling stations. Moreover, fluoranthene concentrations in almost all Adventfjorden sediment layer samples were above probable effect levels, which can indicate a risk of adverse effects in exposed benthic organisms. The fluoranthene/pyrene and phenthrene/anthracene ratios, which are used for identification of hydrocarbon sources, suggest a dominance of PAHs of pyrolytic genesis in Kongsfjorden and Hornsund. In Adventfjorden, hydrocarbons of petrogenic origin were predominant. However, other sources like coal dust from stores on land are also possible at this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pouch
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland.
| | - Agata Zaborska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
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10
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Dudhagara DR, Rajpara RK, Bhatt JK, Gosai HB, Sachaniya BK, Dave BP. Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in historically contaminated surface sediments at Bhavnagar coast, Gujarat, India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:338-346. [PMID: 26925756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concentration, distribution and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been investigated in surface sediments near Bhavnagar coast. The concentration of ∑PAHs ranged from 5.02 to 981.18 μg g(-1) dry weight, indicating heavy pollution compared to other historically polluted study sites. It was found to be introduced via mixed origins such as burning of gas, oil, coal, production of petrochemicals, cement, and rubber tires. Domestic fuel burning and motor vehicles are also culprits for air pollution. Industrial effluents and accidental oil spillage can also be considered. PAHs can be exposed through air, water, soil and food sources including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal content in both occupational and non-occupational levels by single or sometimes multiple exposures routes concomitantly. Furthermore, diagnostic ratios, statistical principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) models have confirmed that the sources of PAHs were both - petrogenic and pyrogenic. For both the sites, assessment of ecological risk of the elevated levels of these pollutants has been exercised based on toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) and risk quotient (RQ) methods. The composite results indicated accurately that both the sites, bears potentially acute and chronic health hazards such as decreased immune functionality, genotoxicity, malignancy and developmental malfunctions in humans. The sites studied here and the workers have been exposed to hazardous pollutants for a longer period of time. Evidences indicate that mixtures of PAHs are carcinogenic to humans, based on occupational studies on workers, exposed to these pollutants. Hence, the present study and statistical approaches applied herein clearly indicate the historic mix routes of PAHs that resulted in magnified concentrations leading to high ecosystem risk. Thus, the scientific communities are urged to develop strategies to minimize the concentrations of PAHs from the historically impacted coastlines, thereby concerning for the future investigations and restoration of these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant R Dudhagara
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Rahul K Rajpara
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Jwalant K Bhatt
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Haren B Gosai
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumi K Sachaniya
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharti P Dave
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India.
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11
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Otto S, Streibel T, Erdmann S, Klingbeil S, Schulz-Bull D, Zimmermann R. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron-ionization or resonance-enhanced-multi-photon-ionization for characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Baltic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 99:35-42. [PMID: 26277803 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), as a part of dissolved organic matter (DOM), are environmental pollutants of the marine compartment. This study investigates the origin of PAH, which is supposed to derive mainly from anthropogenic activities, and their alteration along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea. Pyrolysis in combination with gas chromatography and two mass selective detectors in one measurement cycle are utilized as a tool for an efficient trace analysis of such complex samples, by which it is possible to detect degradation products of high molecular structures. Along the north-south transect of the Baltic Sea a slightly rising trend for PAH is visible. Their concentration profiles correspond to the ship traffic as a known anthropogenic source, underlined by the value of special isomer ratios such as phenanthrene and anthracene (0.31-0.45) or pyrene and fluoranthene (0.44-0.53). The detection of naphthalene and the distribution of its alkylated representatives support this statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Otto
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Erdmann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sophie Klingbeil
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Detlef Schulz-Bull
- Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Kauneliene V, Krugly E, Kliucininkas L, Stasiulaitiene I, Prasauskas T, Auzbikaviciute A, Bergqvist PA, Tomsej T, Martuzevicius D. PAHs in Indoor and Outdoor Air from Decentralized Heating Energy Production: Comparison of Active and Passive Sampling. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.999949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Kauneliene
- Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Krugly
- Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Linas Kliucininkas
- Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Inga Stasiulaitiene
- Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tadas Prasauskas
- Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Agne Auzbikaviciute
- Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Tomas Tomsej
- Institute of Clean Technologies, VŠB- Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
- Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dainius Martuzevicius
- Department of Environmental Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Araghi PE, Bastami KD, Rahmanpoor S. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments of Gorgan Bay, Caspian Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:494-498. [PMID: 24661458 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The level and source of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in the surface sediments from the Gorgan Bay, Caspian Sea. The sum of 16 PAHs (ΣPAH16) concentrations varied from 107.87 to 516.18 ng g(-1)dry weight, with average value of 270.96 ± 150.47 ng g(-1)dry weight. Ecological risk assessment of PAHs, indicated that adverse biological effects caused by acenaphthene, naphthalene, fluoranthene and Pyrene occasionally and frequently may take place in the sediments of Gorgan Bay. PAHs source identification demonstrated that the PAHs come from mixed and pyrogenic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Eghtesadi Araghi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Kazem Darvish Bastami
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shirin Rahmanpoor
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Zaborska A. Anthropogenic lead concentrations and sources in Baltic Sea sediments based on lead isotopic composition. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:99-113. [PMID: 25016419 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Gdańsk is influenced by heavy metals of anthropogenic origin. In this study, temporal concentration changes of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu were studied in six, 50 cm long sediment cores. The main aim of the study was to concentrate on the history of Pb fluxes and Pb isotopic composition ((206)Pb/(207)Pb and (208)Pb/(206)Pb) to trace Pb sources. The lowest Pb concentrations (19 μg g(-1)) were measured in sediments deposited circa 1860, while the highest Pb concentrations (63-147 μg g(-1)) were measured in sediments deposited between 1960s and 70s. Pre-industrial Pb fluxes were 7 Pb m(2)year(-1), while after WWII they reached 199 Pb m(2)year(-1). Highest (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios (∼1.22) were measured in the oldest sediment layers, and the lowest (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios (∼1.165) were measured in the sediments deposited in 1970s-90s. During the period of highest Pb contamination, the anthropogenic Pb fraction reached up to 93%. A general discussion of the Pb sources, emissions, and loads for Poland is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zaborska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland.
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Rahmanpoor S, Ghafourian H, Hashtroudi SM, Bastami KD. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of the Hormuz strait, Persian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 78:224-229. [PMID: 24239307 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the sediment from the Hormuz strait, Persian Gulf. The sum of 16 PAHs (ΣPAH) concentrations varied from 72.17 to 277.77 ng g(-1) dry weight, with an average value of 131.20 ± 59.29 ng g(-1) dry weight. An ecological risk assessment of PAHs, indicated that adverse biological effects caused by acenaphthene and acenaphthylene occasionally may take place in the sediment of Hormuz strait. PAH source identification showed that the PAHs in the sediments come from pyrogenic and mixed origin. Based on classification of pollution levels, sediments from Hormuz strait could be considered as low to moderately polluted with PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Rahmanpoor
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran 1411813389, Iran.
| | - Hosein Ghafourian
- Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Faculties of Marine Science and Technology, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehri Hashtroudi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Kazem Darvish Bastami
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran 1411813389, Iran.
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Bastami KD, Afkhami M, Ehsanpour M, Kazaali A, Mohammadizadeh M, Haghparast S, Soltani F, Zanjani SA, Ghorghani NF, Pourzare R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal water, surface sediment and mullet Liza klunzingeri from northern part of Hormuz strait (Persian Gulf). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 76:411-416. [PMID: 24055461 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in mullet (Liza klunzingeri), water and sediment from northern part of Hormuz strait (Persian Gulf). The concentration levels of total PAHs in L. klunzingeri, water and sediment were 133.99-268.57 ng g(-1)dry weight, 3.12-5.88 ng l(-1) and 42.29-228.9 ng g(-1) dry weight, respectively. Based on isomer ratios, analysis of the PAHs source in the sediment demonstrated that the PAHs come from pyrogenic and petrogenic origin. Risk assessment showed PAHs threshold concentrations to occasionally be exceeded in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Darvish Bastami
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric (INIOAS), Tehran 1411813389, Iran.
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Boitsov S, Petrova V, Jensen HKB, Kursheva A, Litvinenko I, Klungsøyr J. Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments from southern and northern areas of the Norwegian continental shelf. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 87-88:73-84. [PMID: 23623160 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Variability in levels and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediments from one large sea area off the coast of northern Norway ("North area", NA) have been compared to similar data from another large area off the coast of southern Norway ("South area", SA). Samples from NA were collected at the Norwegian continental shelf in south-western Barents Sea and north-eastern Norwegian Sea. Samples from SA were from the Norwegian Trench and the Skagerrak. Sediment cores have been dated, characterised by grain size distribution (GS) and organic carbon content (TOC), and the composition of PAH and geochemical biomarkers (alkanes and triterpanes) studied to provide an insight into the different sources of PAH. Generally, PAH levels are higher in sediments from SA compared to NA. A mixture of pyrogenic and petrogenic sources contribute to PAH levels in SA, while the contents of petrogenic PAH is negligible in surface sediments in NA. At some locations in NA, petrogenic PAH levels are elevated in the deepest sediment layers from pre-industrial times, indicating a natural input of petroleum through seepage. Occurrence of elevated levels of microbial hopanoids (hopenes) in the deepest sediment layers at some locations both in the north and the south indicate the presence of petroleum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Boitsov
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
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