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Han X, Li D, Du W, Shi J, Li S, Xie Y, Deng S, Wang Z, Tian S, Ning P. Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rural households burning solid fuels in Xuanwei County, Southwest China: occurrence, size distribution, and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:15398-15411. [PMID: 38294651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The study is about the size distribution and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor environment of Xuanwei, Southwest China particle samples were collected by Anderson 8-stage impactor which was used to gather particle samples to nine size ranges. Size-segregated samples were collected in indoor from a rural village in Xuanwei during the non-heating and heating seasons. The results showed that the total concentrations of the indoor particulate matter (PM) were 757 ± 60 and 990 ± 78 μg/m3 in non-heating and heating seasons, respectively. The total concentration of indoor PAHs reached to 8.42 ± 0.53 μg/m3 in the heating season, which was considerably greater than the concentration in the non-heating season (2.85 ± 1.72 μg/m3). The size distribution of PAHs showed that PAHs were mainly enriched in PMs with the diameter <1.1 μm. The diagnostic ratios (DR) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that coal and wood for residential heating and cooking were the main sources of indoor PAHs. The results of the health risk showed that the total deposition concentration (DC) in the alveolar region (AR) was 0.25 and 0.68 μg/m3 in the non-heating and heating seasons respectively. Throughout the entire sampling periods, the lifetime cancer risk (R) based on DC of children and adults varied between 3.53 ×10-5 to 1.79 ×10-4. During the heating season, the potential cancer risk of PAHs in adults was significant, exceeding 10-4, with a rate of 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Han
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dingshuang Li
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wei Du
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianwu Shi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuqi Xie
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shihan Deng
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Senlin Tian
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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Mo J, Feng J, He W, Liu Y, Cao N, Tang Y, Gu S. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons fluoranthene on the soil aggregate stability and the possible underlying mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10245-10255. [PMID: 36071360 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is an increasing problem in many countries, impacting the ecological environment's sustainable development. This study investigated the effects of fluoranthene (Fla) on soil aggregate stability. A possible mechanism for the interaction of Fla with soil aggregates was proposed by characterizing the aggregate structure. The results showed that Fla significantly improved the aggregate stability in the concentration range of 0-30.0 mg/kg. The content of macro-aggregates reached the maximum value at 10 mg/kg of Fla, which increased by 24.25% compared with the control group, while the content of large-aggregates decreased by 12.11%. Meanwhile, the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) increased by 56.63% and 37.66%, respectively. However, the macro-aggregates zeta potential value and specific surface area (SSA) decreased by 12.68% and 13.61%, respectively. The cracks of macro-aggregates were also significantly reduced. In addition, Fla-based free radicals were detected on the macro-aggregates. The absorption peak of the C-O group significantly increased, indicating that Fla may be covalently bound to the aggregates by aromatic ether bonds, which is a possible mechanism for the interaction between Fla and aggregates. This study provides theoretical support for revealing the effects of PAHs on soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Mo
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd., Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, 42 Wenhua St., Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd., Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying He
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd., Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuze Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd., Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd., Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd., Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd., Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chakravarty P, Chowdhury D, Deka H. Ecological risk assessment of priority PAHs pollutants in crude oil contaminated soil and its impacts on soil biological properties. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129325. [PMID: 35716561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the major toxic constituents of crude oil and therefore, an understanding on PAHs associated risks and their relationship with soil biological parameters are necessary for adopting effective risk-based and site specific remediation strategies in the contaminated soil. Here, risks evaluation of eight detected PAHs in terms of toxic equivalent concentration (TEQC), benzo(a)pyrene equivalent (BaPeq), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), toxic unit for individual PAHs (TU) and PAHs mixture (TUm) have been evaluated. Besides, the effect of PAHs contamination on soil biological properties has also been investigated and correlated with PAHs concentrations. The TEQc of eight PAHs was recorded in the range of 0.06-5.0 mg kg-1 soil, whereas the BaPeq value was 25.3 mg kg-1 soil which exceed the permissible limit. Similarly, CF (85.5-1668.2), PLI (322.8), HQ (311.7-8340.9), HI (26,443.8), TU (227.9-3821.6) and TUm(7916.2) also exceed the permissible values for non-toxic conditions indicating carcinogenic risk for humans. Besides, activities of soil dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline-phosphatase, catalase, amylase and cellulase were decreased by 1.5-2.3 folds in the contaminated soil than control. The results of Pearson's correlation matrix also established negative impact of PAHs on the soil's biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Chakravarty
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Devasish Chowdhury
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Pachim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Hemen Deka
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
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Kotoky R, Pandey P. Difference in the rhizosphere microbiome of Melia azedarach during removal of benzo(a)pyrene from cadmium co-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127175. [PMID: 32535435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a highly persistent biohazard polyaromatic hydrocarbon and often reported to be present in soils co-contaminated with heavy metals. The present study explains the rhizodegradation of BaP using bacterial consortium in the rhizosphere of Melia azedarach, along with a change in taxonomical and functional properties of the rhizosphere microbiome. The relative abundance of most dominant phylum Proteobacteria was 2% higher with BaP, while in the presence of both BaP and Cd, its abundance was 2.2% lower. Functional metagenome analysis also revealed the shifting of microbial community and functional gene abundance in the favor of xenobiotic compound degradation upon augmentation of bacterial consortium. Interestingly, upon the addition of BaP the range of functional abundance for genes of PAH degradation (0.165-0.19%), was found to be decreasing. However, augmentation of a bacterial consortium led to an increase in its abundance including genes for degradation of benzoate (0.55-0.64%), toluene (0.2-0.22%), naphthalene (0.25-0.295%) irrespective of the addition of BaP and Cd. Moreover, under greenhouse condition, the application of M. azedarach-bacterial consortium enhanced the degradation of BaP in the rhizosphere (88%) after 60 days, significantly higher than degradation in bulk soil (68.22%). The analysis also showed an increase in degradation of BaP by 15% with plant-native microbe association than in bulk soil. Therefore, the association of M. azedarach-bacterial consortium enhanced the degradation of BaP in soil along with the taxonomical and functional attributes of the rhizosphere microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhitu Kotoky
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.
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Mackiewicz-Walec E, Krzebietke SJ. Content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil in a multi-annual fertilisation regime. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:314. [PMID: 32342183 PMCID: PMC7186240 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed changes in the total 16 PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) content of soil which occurred in 1998-2009, during a multi-annual, manure-mineral and mineral fertilisation experiment, carried out in Bałcyny near Ostróda (Poland), according to a design unchanged since 1986 The study focused on the impact of multi-annual, diversified mineral fertilisation (N, P, K, Mg and Ca) compared to manure applied every two years at a dose of 40 t/ha. The four plants used in the crop rotation included sugar beet, spring barley, maize and spring wheat. The content of the total 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was significantly higher in the manure-fertilised soil than in the soil fertilised with mineral fertilisers only. Under the regular manure fertilisation conditions, liming of the soil significantly increased the total 16 PAH content, and the lowest dose of nitrogen significantly decreased its PAH content. The lowest nitrogen dose had an opposite effect in the soil fertilised with mineral fertilisers only, where it caused a significant increase in the content of the PAHs. However, the increased doses of nitrogen also resulted in an increase in the PAH content in the soil fertilised with manure and without this fertiliser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mackiewicz-Walec
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sławomir Józef Krzebietke
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Włóka D, Placek A, Rorat A, Smol M, Kacprzak M. The evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation kinetics in soil amended with organic fertilizers and bulking agents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:161-168. [PMID: 28734218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation kinetics in soils fertilized with organic amendments (sewage sludge, compost), bulking agents (mineral sorbent, silicon dioxide in form of nano powder), and novel compositions of those materials. The scope of conducted works includes a cyclic CO2 production measurements and the determinations of PAHs content in soil samples, before and after 3-months of incubation. Obtained results show that the use of both type of organic fertilizers have a positive effect on the PAHs removal from soil. However, the CO2 emission remains higher only in the first stage of the process. The best acquired means in terms of PAHs removal as well as most sustained CO2 production were noted in samples treated with the mixtures of organic fertilizers and bulking agents. In conclusion the addition of structural forming materials to the organic fertilizers was critical for the soil bioremediation efficiency. Therefore, the practical implementation of collected data could find a wide range of applications during the design of new, more effective solutions for the soil bioremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Włóka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Częstochowa University of Technology, Brzeznicka street 60a, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Placek
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Częstochowa University of Technology, Brzeznicka street 60a, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rorat
- Université Lille Nord de France, LGCgE-Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marzena Smol
- Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-261 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kacprzak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Częstochowa University of Technology, Brzeznicka street 60a, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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