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Jan S, Mishra AK, Bhat MA, Bhat MA, Jan AT. Pollutants in aquatic system: a frontier perspective of emerging threat and strategies to solve the crisis for safe drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:113242-113279. [PMID: 37864686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Water is an indispensable natural resource and is the most vital substance for the existence of life on earth. However, due to anthropogenic activities, it is being polluted at an alarming rate which has led to serious concern about water shortage across the world. Moreover, toxic contaminants released into water bodies from various industrial and domestic activities negatively affect aquatic and terrestrial organisms and cause serious diseases such as cancer, renal problems, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and nausea in humans. Therefore, water treatments that can eliminate toxins are very crucial. Unfortunately, pollution treatment remains a difficulty when four broad considerations are taken into account: effectiveness, reusability, environmental friendliness, and affordability. In this situation, protecting water from contamination or creating affordable remedial techniques has become a serious issue. Although traditional wastewater treatment technologies have existed since antiquity, they are both expensive and inefficient. Nowadays, advanced sustainable technical approaches are being created to replace traditional wastewater treatment processes. The present study reviews the sources, toxicity, and possible remediation techniques of the water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India
| | | | - Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India.
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Ben Attig J, de Lourdes Souza F, Latrous L, Cañizares P, Sáez C, Ríos Á, Zougagh M, Rodrigo MA. Advanced oxidation and a metrological strategy based on CLC-MS for the removal of pharmaceuticals from pore & surface water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138847. [PMID: 37187374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is studied the photolysis, electrolysis, and photo-electrolysis of a mixture of pharmaceutics (sulfadiazine, naproxen, diclofenac, ketoprofen and ibuprofen) contained in two very different types of real water matrices (obtained from surface and porewater reservoirs), trying to clarify the role of the matrix on the degradation of the pollutants. To do this, a new metrological approach was also developed for screening of pharmaceuticals in waters by capillary liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (CLC-MS). This allows the detection at concentrations lower than 10 ng mL-1. Results obtained in the degradation tests demonstrate that inorganic composition of the water matrix directly influences on the efficiency of the drugs removal by the different EAOPs and better degradation results were obtained for experiments carried out with surface water. The most recalcitrant drug studied was ibuprofen for all processes evaluated, while diclofenac and ketoprofen were found to be the easiest drugs for being degraded. Photo-electrolysis was found to be more efficient than photolysis and electrolysis, and the increase in the current density was found to attain a slight improvement in the removal although with an associated huge increase in the energy consumption. The main reaction pathways for each drug and technology were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihène Ben Attig
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Camilo José Cela Avenue, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Electrochimie, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, University Campus of El Manar II, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fernanda de Lourdes Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Latifa Latrous
- Laboratoire de Chimie Minérale Appliquée, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, University Campus of El Manar II, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Camilo José Cela Avenue, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mohammed Zougagh
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Camilo José Cela Avenue, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Manuel Andrés Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Brovini EM, Lobo H, Mendonça RF, Botta CMR, Lima ALRL, de Deus BCT, Cardoso SJ. Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) in ecotoxicology: laboratory cultures and tests. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:223-233. [PMID: 36708416 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chironomus sancticaroli is a tropical species, easy to grow and to maintain in laboratory cultures. It has a fast reproduction cycle, under adequate conditions, around 30 days, allowing it to have many generations per year, an important criterion for selecting a test organism in ecotoxicology. Its life stages include: eggs, four larval instars (one planktonic and three benthic), pupa and adult (midges) This study aimed to: (1) review the methods for C. sancticaroli cultivation and its use in ecotoxicological tests, (2) establish a laboratory culture of C. sancticaroli, presenting the difficulties and discussing the ways to overcome them. Early 4th instar larvae was the most used in acute studies, while the 1st instar larvae (early 1st instar) was the most used in chronic studies; 96 h and 28 days were the most frequent durations in acute and chronic studies, respectively. The most common endpoints evaluated were organisms' survival and development, and most of the ecotoxicological studies using C. sancticaroli were performed in laboratory. Most of the tested contaminants were pesticides and these had the most adverse effects on organisms. Most mesocosms with environmental contaminated samples did not show adverse effects on C. sancticaroli. Chronic and field studies as well as those testing the effects of the mixture contaminants on C. sancticaroli were still deficient. Keeping the laboratory environment and equipment effectively sanitized was important as well as maintaining stabilized conditions of temperature, photoperiod, physical, chemical and biological water quality in cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Marques Brovini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo Lobo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de For a, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Fernandes Mendonça
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Clarice Maria R Botta
- Centro de Recursos Hídricos e Ecologia Aplicada, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Luiza Rangel Linhares Lima
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Corrêa Thomé de Deus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Plâncton, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brasil
| | - Simone Jaqueline Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Plâncton, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brasil
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Khan S, Naushad M, Govarthanan M, Iqbal J, Alfadul SM. Emerging contaminants of high concern for the environment: Current trends and future research. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112609. [PMID: 34968428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is contaminated water that must be treated before it may be transferred into other rivers and lakes in order to prevent further groundwater pollution. Over the last decade, research has been conducted on a wide variety of contaminants, but the emerging contaminants are those caused primarily by micropollutants, endocrine disruptors (EDs), pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and toxins, as well as industrially-related synthetic dyes and dye-containing hazardous pollutants. Most emerging pollutants did not have established guidelines, but even at low concentrations they could have harmful effects on humans and aquatic organisms. In order to combat the above ecological threats, huge efforts have been done with a view to boosting the effectiveness of remediation procedures or developing new techniques for the detection, quantification and efficiency of the samples. The increase of interest in biotechnology and environmental engineering gives an opportunity for the development of more innovative ways to water treatment remediation. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of emerging sources of contaminants, detection technologies, and treatment strategies. The goal of this review is to evaluate adsorption as a method for treating emerging pollutants, as well as sophisticated and cost-effective approaches for treating emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshad Khan
- School of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China.
| | - Mu Naushad
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sulaiman M Alfadul
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
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El-Deen AK, Shimizu K. Suspect and non-target screening workflow for studying the occurrence, fate, and environmental risk of contaminants in wastewater using data-independent acquisition. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1667:462905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kassahun GS, Griveau S, Bedioui F, Slim C. Input of Electroanalytical Methods for the Determination of Diclofenac: A Review of Recent Trends and Developments. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Sewnet Kassahun
- Chimie ParisTech PSL Research University iCLeHS, CNRS, UMR 8060 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Sophie Griveau
- Chimie ParisTech PSL Research University iCLeHS, CNRS, UMR 8060 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Chimie ParisTech PSL Research University iCLeHS, CNRS, UMR 8060 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Cyrine Slim
- Chimie ParisTech PSL Research University iCLeHS, CNRS, UMR 8060 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
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Rathi BS, Kumar PS, Show PL. A review on effective removal of emerging contaminants from aquatic systems: Current trends and scope for further research. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124413. [PMID: 33183841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is water that has already been contaminated by domestic, industrial and commercial activity that needs to be treated before it could be discharged into some other water bodies to avoid even more groundwater contamination supplies. It consists of various contaminants like heavy metals, organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants and Emerging contaminants. Research has been doing on all types of contaminates more than a decade, but this emerging contaminants is the contaminants which arises mostly from pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones and fertilizer industries. The majority of emerging contaminants did not have standardized guidelines, but may have adverse effects on human and marine organisms, even at smaller concentrations. Typically, extremely low doses of emerging contaminants are found in the marine environment and cause a potential risk to the aquatic animals living there. When contaminants emerge in the marine world, they are potentially toxic and pose many risks to the health of both man and livestock. The aim of this article is to review the Emerging contaminate sources, detection methods and treatment methods. The purpose of this study is to consider the adsorption as a beneficial treatment of emerging contaminants also advanced and cost effective emerging contaminates treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Senthil Rathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India; SSN-Centre for Radiation, Environmental Science and Technology (SSN-CREST), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India.
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia
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Varmira K, Saed-Mocheshi M, Jalalvand AR. Electrochemical sensing and bio-sensing of bisphenol A and detection of its damage to DNA: A comprehensive review. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Nika MC, Bletsou AA, Koumaki E, Noutsopoulos C, Mamais D, Stasinakis AS, Thomaidis NS. Chlorination of benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles and transformation products identification by LC-HR-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:400-413. [PMID: 27036095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fate of four benzotriazoles [1-H-benzotriazole (1-H-BTRi), tolyltriazole (TTRi), xylyltriazole (XTRi) and 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole (1-OH-BTRi)] and three benzothiazoles [benzothiazole (BTH), 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole (2-OH-BTH) and 2-amino-benzothiazole (2-amino-BTH)], during chlorination batch experiments was investigated. In the first step, their degradation under different experimental conditions (applied molar ratio of NaOCl and the target contaminant (m.r.), reaction's contact time, pH value of the reaction's solution and the influence of total suspended solids (TSS) presence) was investigated and their removal kinetics parameters (kobs and t1/2) were determined. In the second step, LC-QTOFMS/MS was used for the detection and identification of transformation products (TPs) formed during chlorination, through the application of suspect and non-target screening approaches. Four and five TPs of XTRi and 2-amino-BTH, respectively, were detected and tentatively identified, while 1-H-BTRi was proven to be formed by the chlorination of 1-OH-BTRi. Moreover, since the identified TPs were also detected in spiked wastewater samples, after lab-scale chlorination experiments, toxicity assessment was carried out by ECOSAR calculations for the environmental relevance of their occurrence. The proposed chlorinated TPs were proven to be more toxic than their parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna A Bletsou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Koumaki
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Noutsopoulos
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel Mamais
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios S Stasinakis
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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Miraji H, Othman OC, Ngassapa FN, Mureithi EW. Research Trends in Emerging Contaminants on the Aquatic Environments of Tanzania. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:3769690. [PMID: 26998381 PMCID: PMC4779846 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3769690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuity for discovery and production of new chemicals, allied products, and uses has currently resulted into generation of recent form of contaminants known as Emerging Contaminants (ECs). Once in the aquatic environment ECs are carcinogenic and cause other threats to both human's and animals' health. Due to their effects this study was aimed at investigating research trends of ECs in Tanzania. Findings revealed that USA and EU countries were leading in ECs researches, little followed by Asia, South Africa, and then Zambia. Only few guidelines from USA-EPA, WHO, Canada, and Australia existed. Neither published guidelines nor regulations for ECs existed in Tanzania; rather only the occurrence of some disinfection by-products and antibiotics was, respectively, reported in Arusha and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. As these reports had a limited coverage of ECs, henceforth, these findings constitute the first-line reference materials for ECs research in Tanzania which shall be useful for future monitoring and regulation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Miraji
- Chemistry Department, School of Physical Sciences, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - O. C. Othman
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - F. N. Ngassapa
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - E. W. Mureithi
- Mathematics Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Futran Fuhrman V, Tal A, Arnon S. Why endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) challenge traditional risk assessment and how to respond. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:589-611. [PMID: 25646754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are a diverse group of "chemicals of emerging concern" which have attracted much interest from the research community since the 1990s. Today there is still no definitive risk assessment tool for EDCs. While some decision making organizations have attempted to design methodology guidelines to evaluate the potential risk from this broadly defined group of constituents, risk assessors still face many uncertainties and unknowns. Until a risk assessment paradigm is designed specifically for EDCs and is vetted by the field, traditional risk assessment tools may be used with caution to evaluate EDCs. In doing so, each issue of contention should be addressed with transparency in order to leverage available information and technology without sacrificing integrity or accuracy. The challenges that EDCs pose to traditional risk assessment are described in this article to assist in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Futran Fuhrman
- Institute for Dryland, Environmental and Desert Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel.
| | - Alon Tal
- Institute for Dryland, Environmental and Desert Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel.
| | - Shai Arnon
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel.
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Pal A, He Y, Jekel M, Reinhard M, Gin KYH. Emerging contaminants of public health significance as water quality indicator compounds in the urban water cycle. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 71:46-62. [PMID: 24972248 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of the urban water cycle (UWC) with a wide array of emerging organic compounds (EOCs) increases with urbanization and population density. To produce drinking water from the UWC requires close examination of their sources, occurrence, pathways, and health effects and the efficacy of wastewater treatment and natural attenuation processes that may occur in surface water bodies and groundwater. This paper researches in details the structure of the UWC and investigates the routes by which the water cycle is increasingly contaminated with compounds generated from various anthropogenic activities. Along with a thorough survey of chemicals representing compound classes such as hormones, antibiotics, surfactants, endocrine disruptors, human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, X-ray contrast media, pesticides and metabolites, disinfection-by-products, algal toxins and taste-and-odor compounds, this paper provides a comprehensive and holistic review of the occurrence, fate, transport and potential health impact of the emerging organic contaminants of the UWC. This study also illustrates the widespread distribution of the emerging organic contaminants in the different aortas of the ecosystem and focuses on future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Pal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technical University of Berlin, Department of Water Quality Control, Strasse des 17. Juni, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Reinhard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, #02-01, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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Analytical methodologies for the determination of endocrine disrupting compounds in biological and environmental samples. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:674838. [PMID: 23738329 PMCID: PMC3662172 DOI: 10.1155/2013/674838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disruptor compounds (EDCs) can mimic natural hormones and produce adverse effects in the endocrine functions by interacting with estrogen receptors. EDCs include both natural and synthetic chemicals, such as hormones, personal care products, surfactants, and flame retardants, among others. EDCs are characterised by their ubiquitous presence at trace-level concentrations and their wide diversity. Since the discovery of the adverse effects of these pollutants on wildlife and human health, analytical methods have been developed for their qualitative and quantitative determination. In particular, mass-based analytical methods show excellent sensitivity and precision for their quantification. This paper reviews recently published analytical methodologies for the sample preparation and for the determination of these compounds in different environmental and biological matrices by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The various sample preparation techniques are compared and discussed. In addition, recent developments and advances in this field are presented.
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Determination of some organic contaminants in water samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 100:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jokerst JC, Emory JM, Henry CS. Advances in microfluidics for environmental analysis. Analyst 2012; 137:24-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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