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Shakarami A. Association Between Nutrients and Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:CCR-EPUB-137030. [PMID: 38185894 PMCID: PMC11071670 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x263414231101095310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute a leading cause of global mortality. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key molecular underpinnings of CVD pathogenesis. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of nutrients in cardiovascular health beyond their impact on cardiac events. The manuscript examines the influence of macronutrients such as fats and carbohydrates, as well as micronutrients including vitamins and folate, on CVD. Additionally, the interplay between dietary supplements and CVD risk reduction is investigated. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse mechanisms through which nutrients contribute to cardiovascular well-being, addressing both cardioprotective effects and their broader implications. Through an analysis of pertinent studies, we illuminate the complex relationship between nutrition, lifestyle, and cardiovascular health, underscoring the significance of a holistic approach to CVD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shakarami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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2
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Shim JS, Kim KN, Lee JS, Yoon MO, Lee HS. Dietary intake and major source foods of vitamin E among Koreans: findings of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2019. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:616-627. [PMID: 36238383 PMCID: PMC9523202 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.5.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Vitamin E is essential for health, and although vitamin E deficiency seems rare in humans, studies on estimates of dietary intake are lacking. This study aimed to estimate dietary vitamin E intake, evaluate dietary adequacy of vitamin E, and detail major food sources of vitamin E in the Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016–2019. Individuals aged ≥ 1 year that participated in a nutrition survey (n = 28,418) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall and individual dietary vitamin E intake was estimated using a newly established vitamin E database. Dietary adequacy was evaluated by comparing dietary intake with adequate intake (AI) as defined by Korean Dietary Reference Intakes 2020. RESULTS For all study subjects, mean daily total vitamin E intake was 7.00 mg α-tocopherol equivalents, which was 61.6% of AI. The proportion of individuals that consumed vitamin E at above the AI was 12.9%. Inadequate intake was observed more in females, older individuals, rural residents, and those with a low income. Mean daily intakes of tocopherol (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-forms) and tocotrienol were 6.02, 0.30, 6.19, 1.63, and 1.61 mg, respectively. The major food groups that contributed to total dietary vitamin E intake were grains (22.3%), seasonings (17.0%), vegetables (15.3%), and fish, and shellfish (7.4%). The top 5 individual food items that contributed to total vitamin E intake were baechu kimchi, red pepper powder, eggs, soybean oil, and rice. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that mean dietary vitamin E intake by Koreans did not meet the reference adequate intake value. To better understand the status of vitamin E intake, further research is needed that considers intake from dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Seon Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ki Nam Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Jung-sug Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Mi Ock Yoon
- Nutrition Information Center, Korean Nutrition Society, Seoul 04376, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
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3
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Schubert M, Kluge S, Brunner E, Pace S, Birringer M, Werz O, Lorkowski S. The α-tocopherol-derived long-chain metabolite α-13'-COOH mediates endotoxin tolerance and modulates the inflammatory response via MAPK and NFκB pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:83-96. [PMID: 34848369 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The long-chain metabolites of (LCM) vitamin E are proposed as the active regulatory metabolites of vitamin E providing, with their anti-inflammatory properties, an explanatory approach for the inconsistent effects of vitamin E on inflammatory-driven diseases. We examined the modulation of cytokine expression and release from macrophages, a fundamental process in many diseases, to gain insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the α-tocopherol-derived LCM α-13'-COOH. METHODS AND RESULTS Suppressed gene expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2), tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), and interleukin (Il) 6 in response to lipopolysaccharides by 24 h pre-treatment with α-13'-COOH in RAW264.7 macrophages was revealed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Further, reduced secretion of IL1β and CCL2 was found in this setup using flow cytometry. In contrast, 1 h pre-treatment suppressed only CCL2. Consequent gene expression analysis within 24 h of α-13'-COOH treatment revealed the induction of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) negative feedback regulators including the 'master regulators' dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (Dusp1/Mkp1) and tumor necrosis factor induced protein 3 (Tnfaip3/A20). Approaches with immunoblots and chemical antagonists suggest a feedback induction via activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK and NFκB pathways. CONCLUSIONS CCL2 is suppressed in murine macrophages by α-13'-COOH and the indirect suppression of MAPK and NFκB pathways is likely a relevant process contributing to anti-inflammatory actions of α-13'-COOH. These results improve the understanding of the effects of α-13'-COOH and provide a basis for new research strategies in the context of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Brunner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Simona Pace
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Consumer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Germany; Regionales Innovationszentrum Gesundheit und Lebensqualität (RIGL), Fulda, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.
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Vats S, Bansal R, Rana N, Kumawat S, Bhatt V, Jadhav P, Kale V, Sathe A, Sonah H, Jugdaohsingh R, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Unexplored nutritive potential of tomato to combat global malnutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1003-1034. [PMID: 33086895 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1832954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tomato, a widely consumed vegetable crop, offers a real potential to combat human nutritional deficiencies. Tomatoes are rich in micronutrients and other bioactive compounds (including vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals) that are known to be essential or beneficial for human health. This review highlights the current state of the art in the molecular understanding of the nutritional aspects, conventional and molecular breeding efforts, and biofortification studies undertaken to improve the nutritional content and quality of tomato. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies, which offer a deeper understanding of the molecular regulation of the tomato's nutrients, are discussed. The potential uses of the wastes from the tomato processing industry (i.e., the peels and seed extracts) that are particularly rich in oils and proteins are also discussed. Recent advancements with CRISPR/Cas mediated gene-editing technology provide enormous opportunities to enhance the nutritional content of agricultural produces, including tomatoes. In this regard, genome editing efforts with respect to biofortification in the tomato plant are also discussed. The recent technological advancements and knowledge gaps described herein aim to help explore the unexplored nutritional potential of the tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vacha Bhatt
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MS, India
| | - Pravin Jadhav
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Vijay Kale
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Atul Sathe
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Mohsenzadeh MS, Razavi BM, Imenshahidi M, Mohajeri SA, Rameshrad M, Hosseinzadeh H. Evaluation of green tea extract and epigallocatechin gallate effects on bisphenol A-induced vascular toxicity in isolated rat aorta and cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Phytother Res 2020; 35:996-1009. [PMID: 32893422 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess bisphenol A (BPA)-induced vascular toxicity, the effectiveness of green tea extract and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against BPA toxicity, and possible underlying mechanisms. In isolated rat aorta, contractile and relaxant responses as well as malondialdehyde levels were evaluated. Cell viability and effects on the protein levels of apoptotic (bax, bcl2, and caspase-3), autophagic (LC3), and cell adhesion molecules were calculated using the MTT method and western blotting in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). BPA increased aorta MDA levels (p < .0001) and decreased vascular responses to KCl [20 and 40 mM (p < .0001), 80 mM (p < .001)], phenylephrine [10-8 , 10-6 , and 10-5 M (p < .001), 10-7 and 10-4 M (p < .0001)], and acetylcholine [10-6 M (p < .01), 10-5 and 10-4 M (p < .0001)]. In HUVECs, BPA enhanced the levels of LC3A/B, bax/bcl2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Green tea extract, EGCG, and vitamin E co-treatment with BPA diminished the toxic effects of BPA. These findings provide evidence that green tea extract and EGCG possess beneficial effects in preventing BPA-induced vascular toxicity through increasing the antioxidant activities and the regulation of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Sadat Mohsenzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rameshrad
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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The Effect of Vitamin Supplementation on Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients without Manifest Cardiovascular Diseases: Never-ending Hope or Underestimated Effect? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071717. [PMID: 32283588 PMCID: PMC7181162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients, especially vitamins, play an important role in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It has been speculated that additional intake of vitamins may reduce the CVD burden by acting on the inflammatory and oxidative response starting from early stages of atherosclerosis, when the vascular impairment might still be reversible or, at least, slowed down. The current review assesses the role of major vitamins on subclinical atherosclerosis process and the potential clinical implications in patients without CVD. We have comprehensively examined the literature data for the major vitamins: A, B group, C, D, and E, respectively. Most data are based on vitamin E, D and C supplementation, while vitamins A and B have been scarcely examined for the subclinical atherosclerosis action. Though the fundamental premise was optimistic, the up-to-date trials with vitamin supplementation revealed divergent results on subclinical atherosclerosis improvement, both in healthy subjects and patients with CVD, while the long-term effect seems minimal. Thus, there are no conclusive data on the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis based on vitamin supplementation. However, given their enormous potential, future trials are certainly needed for a more tailored CVD prevention focusing on early stages as subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Ingles DP, Cruz Rodriguez JB, Garcia H. Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:22. [PMID: 32067177 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-1270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this study is to explore the current literature supporting the use oral multivitamins and multi/minerals (OMVMs) for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) treatment and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Data on multivitamins, vitamin C and D, coenzyme Q, calcium, and selenium, has showed no consistent benefit for the prevention of CVD, myocardial infarction, or stroke, nor was there a benefit for all-cause mortality to support their routine supplementation. Folic acid alone and B vitamins with folic acid, B6 and B12, reduce stroke, whereas niacin and antioxidants are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Iron deficiency should be avoided and treated if found, but routine supplementation to those without deficiency is not evidence based. Despite the high supplement use by the general public, there is no evidence to support the routine supplementation of oral multivitamins and multi/minerals (OVMN) for CVD prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perez Ingles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 4800 Alberta Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.
| | - Jose B Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Hernando Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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8
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Mahdinia R, Goudarzi I, Lashkarbolouki T, Salmani ME. Vitamin E attenuates alterations in learning, memory and BDNF levels caused by perinatal ethanol exposure. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:747-761. [PMID: 31607237 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1674523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Alcohol exposure during pregnancy affects the developing fetus and causes a variety of physical and neurological abnormalities. Here we aim to study the effects of vitamin E on spatial learning and memory deficits and on changes in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels following perinatal ethanol exposure in rats. Method: Pregnant Wistar rats received ethanol (4 g/kg) and vitamin E (doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) on day 0 of gestation (GD) until weaning (28 days). On postnatal days (PND) 29, the performance of spatial learning and memory of rats were measured using the Morris water maze (MWM). The expression of BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus was assayed using BDNF ELISA kits. Results: Ethanol exposed group showed higher escape latency during training, reduced time spent in the target quadrant, higher escape location latency and average proximity in probe test. Vitamin E with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced escape latency during training. Also, vitamin E (400 mg/kg) significantly increased time spent in target quadrant, decreased escape location latency and average proximity in probe test. Maternal ethanol treatment significantly reduced the expression of BDNF protein in the hippocampus of offspring, whereas administration of vitamin E (400 mg/kg) significantly increased hippocampal BDNF in ethanol-treated rats. Discussion: Vitamin E administration dose-dependently ameliorate learning and memory deficits induced by perinatal ethanol exposure and increased hippocampal BDNF levels. BDNF may be implicated in the beneficial effects of vitamin E on learning and memory in the perinatal ethanol-exposed rat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iran Goudarzi
- School of Biology, Damghan University , Damghan , Iran
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Abstract
Some vitamins have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, normalizing platelet function and preventing their excess activation. Anti-platelet vitamins can act directly through inhibitory biochemical pathways in platelets or indirectly by preventing damage to the endothelium or low-density lipoprotein from oxidation. As a rule, each vitamin alone is a weak inhibitor of platelet aggregation. However, in combination, they may act synergistically or enhance the effects of endogenous anti-platelet compounds, such as prostacyclin or nitric oxide, and appear to have a sufficient anti-thrombotic effect. This review will focus on vitamins, which inhibit platelet activation and the mechanisms of their action. The relationship between the vitamins that inhibit platelet aggregation and vascular diseases is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadi Kobzar
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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10
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Ruiz-León AM, Lapuente M, Estruch R, Casas R. Clinical Advances in Immunonutrition and Atherosclerosis: A Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:837. [PMID: 31068933 PMCID: PMC6491827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease that affects large and medium-sized arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The high risk of mortality by atherosclerosis has led to the development of new strategies for disease prevention and management, including immunonutrition. Plant-based dietary patterns, functional foods, dietary supplements, and bioactive compounds such as the Mediterranean Diet, berries, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ω-3 and ω-6, vitamins E, A, C, and D, coenzyme Q10, as well as phytochemicals including isoflavones, stilbenes, and sterols have been associated with improvement in atheroma plaque at an inflammatory level. However, many of these correlations have been obtained in vitro and in experimental animals' models. On one hand, the present review focuses on the evidence obtained from epidemiological, dietary intervention and supplementation studies in humans supporting the role of immunonutrient supplementation and its effect on anti-inflammatory response in atherosclerotic disease. On the other hand, this review also analyzes the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the protective action of these supplements, which may lead a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or attenuate diet-related disease, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Ruiz-León
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lapuente
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Vitamin E inhibits cyclosporin A-induced CTGF and TIMP-1 expression by repressing ROS-mediated activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in rat liver. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:493-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Casas R, Estruch R, Sacanella E. Influence of Bioactive Nutrients on the Atherosclerotic Process: A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1630. [PMID: 30400153 PMCID: PMC6266892 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of a dietary intervention as a useful tool in the prevention of atherosclerosis disease has gained greater attention in recent years. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the importance of diet in reducing expensive treatments or possible undesirable side effects. The main aim of this review is to examine the effects of specific nutrients on the development and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardioprotective effect of different nutrients. In this sense, results have shown stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques or downregulation of biomarkers related to inflammation through nutrients such as Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, hydroxytyrosol of extra virgin olive oil, lycopen, phytosterols of plants, or flavonols of fruits and vegetables, among others. The accumulated evidence on the anti-inflammatory effects related to these nutrients is summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Yazgan B, Sozen E, Karademir B, Ustunsoy S, Ince U, Zarkovic N, Ozer NK. CD36 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells reflects the onset of atherosclerosis. Biofactors 2018; 44:588-596. [PMID: 28677864 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Together with complex genetic and environmental factors, increased serum cholesterol and ox-LDL levels are considered as major triggering factors of atherosclerosis. Mononuclear cell infiltration to the arterial wall and uptake of ox-LDL, which is facilitated by CD36 receptor through an uncontrolled manner, play a key role in foam cell formation followed by atherogenesis development. The aim of this study was to analyze if CD36 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells reflect its aortic tissue level in hypercholesterolemia. In this study, CD36 protein expression was evaluated in aortic specimens of cholesterol or cholesterol plus Vitamin E treated animals in relation to the immunohistochemical analyses for the HNE-protein adducts, as well as for smooth muscle actin and vimentin. The CD36 mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR in PBMC of hypercholesterolemic rabbits and hypercholesterolemic versus normocholesterolemic individuals. Immunohistochemistry findings revealed that smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle vimentin, HNE-protein conjugates, and CD36 protein expressions were significantly increased in aorta of hypercholesterolemic group where foam cells were present. High cholesterol diet significantly induced CD36 mRNA expression in both rabbit aorta and PBMCs, while positive correlation between aortic and PBMC CD36 expression has been found. In addition, consistent with the rabbit model, CD36 mRNA expression levels in human PBMCs were significantly higher in hypercholesterolemic patients than in normocholesterolemic individuals. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the CD36 mRNA levels of PBMCs could reflect the CD36 mRNA levels in aorta and could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of atherosclerotic burden. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):588-596, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yazgan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Seyfettin Ustunsoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Umit Ince
- Acıbadem University and Acıbadem Heath Group, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
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Lv S, Gu J, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Tan H, McClements DJ. Vitamin E Encapsulation in Plant-Based Nanoemulsions Fabricated Using Dual-Channel Microfluidization: Formation, Stability, and Bioaccessibility. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10532-10542. [PMID: 30240207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, vitamin E was encapsulated in oil-in-water nanoemulsions fabricated using a dual-channel microfluidizer. A long chain triacylglycerol (corn oil) was used as a carrier oil and a biosurfactant (quillaja saponin) was used as a natural emulsifier. The impact of vitamin-to-carrier oil ratio on the formation, storage stability, and bioaccessibility of the nanoemulsions was determined. The lipid droplet size formed during homogenization increased with increasing vitamin content, which was attributed to a large increase in lipid phase viscosity. The storage stability of the nanoemulsions decreased as the vitamin content increased because the larger lipid droplets creamed faster. The rate and extent of lipid hydrolysis in the small intestine decreased as the vitamin content increased, probably because the vitamin molecules inhibited the ability of lipase to reach the triacylglycerols inside the lipid droplets. Vitamin bioaccessibility decreased as the vitamin level in the lipid phase increased, which was attributed to the reduced level of mixed micelles available to solubilize the tocopherols. The optimized nanoemulsion-based delivery system led to a relatively high vitamin bioaccessibility (53.9%). This research provides valuable information for optimizing delivery systems to increase the bioaccessibility of oil-soluble vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , 150040 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Jiyou Gu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , 150040 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , 150040 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , 150040 , People's Republic of China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Saratale RG, Lee HS, Koo YE, Saratale GD, Kim YJ, Imm JY, Park Y. Absorption kinetics of vitamin E nanoemulsion and green tea microstructures by intestinal in situ single perfusion technique in rats. Food Res Int 2018; 106:149-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Kisioglu B, Nergiz-Unal R. The powerful story against cardiovascular diseases: Dietary factors. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1410172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Kisioglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Nergiz-Unal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Park CY, Jang CH, Lee DY, Cho HT, Kim YJ, Park YH, Imm JY. Changes in hepatic gene expression and serum metabolites after oral administration of overdosed vitamin-E-loaded nanoemulsion in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:421-427. [PMID: 28923436 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin-E-loaded nanoemulsion (Vit E-NE) was produced, and the effects of repeated oral administration of Vit E-NE (2 g/kg/day) for five days on hepatic gene expression and serum metabolites were investigated in rats. The mean particle diameter and zeta potential of Vit E-NE was 112 nm and 56 mV, respectively. Vit E-NE administered rats showed significantly higher triglyceride content than of standard diet (control) or Vit E control emulsion (Vit E-CE) group but no toxicity symptoms were found in blood biochemical analysis. Next generation sequencing analysis of rat liver revealed that several genes related to energy and xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A1 and glutathione S-transferase) were significantly altered. Serum metabolites (B-hydroxybutyrate and palmitoleic acid) indicating ketone body production and activation of stearoyl-CoAdesaturase were significantly increased by administration of Vit E-NE. The results of this study suggest that excessive consumption of edible nano-sized food ingredients can possibly cause adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Young Park
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Ho Jang
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Cho
- Department of Food & Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food & Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Yoo Heon Park
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Ilsan, South Korea
| | - Jee-Young Imm
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that the additive/synergistic effects of several bioactive compounds are responsible for the health benefits of rice. Among the leading contenders are phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocotrienols, tocopherols, λ-oryzanol, and phytic acid, which all possess strong antioxidant activities in vitro. In this review, data related to health effects of rice antioxidants using cultured cells, rodents and humans models are first summarized. The evidence is strong that consumption of rice tocotrienols translates into improved health outcomes. Current research, however, does not strongly support the health-promoting effects of rice tocopherols and phenolic acids. The crucial limitations in studies using rice flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, λ-oryzanol and phytic acid appear to be the appropriateness of the substance tested (i.e., purity), and the scarcity of animal and human interventions. In a second part, rice antioxidants are reviewed with an emphasis on their composition and contents. Taking into account the bioavailability of these compounds, it is evident that a number of factors affect the antioxidant composition of rice, making it difficult to estimate dietary intake. Before harvest, factors including soil type, atmospheric CO2, chemical inputs, temperature, and degree of ripening are important. After harvest, rice is subjected to processing methods that include drying, parboiling, storage, irradiation, milling, stabilization, soaking, germination, fermentation, boiling, steaming, roasting, baking, and extrusion. Quantitative knowledge about the effects of these processes is summarized in this review. Surprisingly, a high level of agreement was found among study results, which could be useful in manipulating the growing and processing techniques of rice grains to facilitate efficient and safe consumption of antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piebiep Goufo
- a Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) , Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB) , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- a Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) , Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB) , Vila Real , Portugal
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Schwingshackl L, Boeing H, Stelmach-Mardas M, Gottschald M, Dietrich S, Hoffmann G, Chaimani A. Dietary Supplements and Risk of Cause-Specific Death, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Primary Prevention Trials. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:27-39. [PMID: 28096125 PMCID: PMC5227980 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.013516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the efficacy of dietary supplements in the primary prevention of cause-specific death, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer by using meta-analytical approaches. Electronic and hand searches were performed until August 2016. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) minimum intervention period of 12 mo; 2) primary prevention trials; 3) mean age ≥18 y; 4) interventions included vitamins, fatty acids, minerals, supplements containing combinations of vitamins and minerals, protein, fiber, prebiotics, and probiotics; and 5) primary outcome of all-cause mortality and secondary outcomes of mortality or incidence from CVD or cancer. Pooled effects across studies were estimated by using random-effects meta-analysis. Overall, 49 trials (69 reports) including 287,304 participants met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two trials were judged as low risk-, 15 trials as moderate risk-, and 2 trials as high risk-of-bias studies. Supplements containing vitamin E (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.96) significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality risk, whereas supplements with folic acid reduced the risk of CVD (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.94). Vitamins D, C, and K; selenium; zinc; magnesium; and eicosapentaenoic acid showed no significant risk reduction for any of the outcomes. On the contrary, vitamin A was linked to an increased cancer risk (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.35). Supplements with β-carotene showed no significant effect; however, in the subgroup with β-carotene given singly, an increased risk of all-cause mortality by 6% (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10) was observed. Taken together, we found insufficient evidence to support the use of dietary supplements in the primary prevention of cause-specific death, incidence of CVD, and incidence of cancer. The application of some supplements generated small beneficial effects; however, the heterogeneous types and doses of supplements limit the generalizability to the overall population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Marta Stelmach-Mardas
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marion Gottschald
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefan Dietrich
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Anna Chaimani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Choudhry QN, Kim MJ, Kim TG, Pan JH, Kim JH, Park SJ, Lee JH, Kim YJ. Saponin-Based Nanoemulsification Improves the Antioxidant Properties of Vitamin A and E in AML-12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1406. [PMID: 27571071 PMCID: PMC5037686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our work aimed to investigate the protective effects of saponin-based nanoemulsions of vitamin A and E against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in AML-12 cells. Saponin nanoemulsions of vitamin A (SAN) and vitamin E (SEN) were prepared by high-pressure homogenization and characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. SEN and SAN protect AML-12 cells against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage more efficiently via scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reducing DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation. These results provide valuable information for the development of nanoemulsion-based delivery systems that would improve the antioxidant properties of vitamin A and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaisra Naheed Choudhry
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejongro, Jochiwon, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejongro, Jochiwon, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Tae Gyun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejongro, Jochiwon, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hoon Pan
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejongro, Jochiwon, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejongro, Jochiwon, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Sung Jin Park
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejongro, Jochiwon, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejongro, Jochiwon, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejongro, Jochiwon, Sejong 339-700, Korea.
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Do MH, Kim SN, Seo SY, Yeo EJ, Kim SY. δ-Tocopherol prevents methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis by reducing ROS generation and inhibiting apoptotic signaling cascades in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Food Funct 2016; 6:1568-77. [PMID: 25832198 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive metabolite of glucose, which is known to cause damage and induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. Endothelial cell damage is implicated in the progression of diabetes-associated complications and atherosclerosis. Nuts are high in vitamin E. Consumption of nuts has been recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, different nuts contain different forms of vitamin E, which can have different effects on endothelial cells. In this work, we investigated the protective effect of different isoforms of vitamin E on MGO-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Among all forms of vitamin E, δ-tocopherol showed the highest effect on apoptosis of HUVECs. We also compared the anti-apoptotic activity of δ-tocopherol with that of α-tocopherol in MGO-treated HUVECs. Pretreatment with α- or δ-tocopherol significantly inhibited MGO-induced changes in cell morphology, cell death, and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. δ-Tocopherol prevented MGO-induced apoptosis in HUVECs by increasing Bcl-2 expression and decreasing Bax expression. Interestingly, α-tocopherol also inhibited these factors but to a lesser extent than δ-tocopherol. MGO was found to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Compared to pretreatment with α-tocopherol, pretreatment with δ-tocopherol more strongly inhibited the activation of MAPKs, such as JNK and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that δ-tocopherol may be a more effective regulator of MGO-induced apoptosis than α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon ho Do
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Cervinkova B, Krcmova LK, Solichova D, Melichar B, Solich P. Recent advances in the determination of tocopherols in biological fluids: from sample pretreatment and liquid chromatography to clinical studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2407-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kocer-Gumusel B, Erkekoglu P, Caglayan A, Hincal F. The ameliorating effects of vitamin E on hepatic antioxidant system and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in fenvalerate-exposed iodine-deficient rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:264-71. [PMID: 26446907 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1092041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of vitamin E (VE) on hepatic antioxidant system and drug-metabolizing enzymes in fenvalerate (FEN)-exposed iodine-deficient (ID) Wistar rats. ID was produced by perchlorate containing drinking water. VE was introduced by a loading dose of 100 mg/kg/d, i.g. for the first three days in the last week of feeding period; then with a single maintenance dose of 40 mg/kg on the 4th day. During last week, FEN groups (F) received 100 mg/kg/d, i.p. FEN. VE alone did not significantly affect thyroid hormones and antioxidant parameters; however, significantly increased total cytochrome P450 (38%) and cytochrome b5 levels (36%). In all ID groups, plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increased markedly, but remained at control level in vitamin E plus FEN receiving iodine-deficient group (IDVF) group. Glutathione peroxidase activity showed marked increases in F (19%) and FEN-exposed iodine-deficient group (IDF, 48%) groups. FEN treatment significantly increased total cytochrome P450 (28%) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels (36%), as well as 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (120%), 7-penthoxyresorufin O-deethylase (139%) and glutathione S-transferase (15%) activities and decreased total glutathione concentrations (28%) versus control. Overall results suggest that vitamin E has ameliorating effects on the measured parameters in ID and/or FEN exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Aydan Caglayan
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Filiz Hincal
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Vitamin E supplementation and mortality in healthy people: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:563-73. [PMID: 25398301 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of oral vitamin E supplementation on all-cause mortality in apparently healthy people. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with ≥ 6 months of follow up investigating the effect of vitamin E supplementation on healthy adults in developed countries. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and reference lists of trial reports were searched for RCTs published between 1966 and June 2012. Three investigators assessed eligibility of identified trials. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Two investigators independently extracted data according to the criteria. RESULTS There were 18 RCTs identified with 142,219 apparently healthy participants (71,116 in vitamin E intervention groups and 71,103 in control groups) that were included in the final analysis. Fixed effect and random effects analysis of the 18 trials revealed that supplementation with vitamin E was not associated with all-cause mortality (relative risk 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.97 - 1.05, p = 0.65). Subgroup analyses by type of vitamin E (natural or synthetic), dose or duration of exposure, study design or quality, and pre-specified mortality outcome showed no association with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS The evidence from pooled analysis of 18 randomised controlled trials undertaken in apparently healthy people shows no effect of vitamin E supplementation at a dose of 23-800 IU/day on all-cause mortality.
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25
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Graebner RC, Wise M, Cuesta-Marcos A, Geniza M, Blake T, Blake VC, Butler J, Chao S, Hole DJ, Horsley R, Jaiswal P, Obert D, Smith KP, Ullrich S, Hayes PM. Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with the Tocochromanol (Vitamin E) Pathway in Barley. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208213 PMCID: PMC4514886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Genome-Wide Association Studies approach was used to detect Quantitative Trait Loci associated with tocochromanol concentrations using a panel of 1,466 barley accessions. All major tocochromanol types- α-, β-, δ-, γ-tocopherol and tocotrienol- were assayed. We found 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the concentration of one or more of these tocochromanol forms in barley, seven of which were within 2 cM of sequences homologous to cloned genes associated with tocochromanol production in barley and/or other plants. These associations confirmed a prior report based on bi-parental QTL mapping. This knowledge will aid future efforts to better understand the role of tocochromanols in barley, with specific reference to abiotic stress resistance. It will also be useful in developing barley varieties with higher tocochromanol concentrations, although at current recommended daily consumption amounts, barley would not be an effective sole source of vitamin E. However, it could be an important contributor in the context of whole grains in a balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Graebner
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Wise
- Cereal Crops Research, USDA-ARS, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alfonso Cuesta-Marcos
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Matthew Geniza
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Tom Blake
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Victoria C. Blake
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua Butler
- Busch Agricultural Resources, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Shiaomen Chao
- USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - David J. Hole
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rich Horsley
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Pankaj Jaiswal
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Don Obert
- Limagrain Cereal Seeds, Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kevin P. Smith
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Steven Ullrich
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Hayes
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Torres N, Guevara-Cruz M, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Tovar AR. Nutrition and Atherosclerosis. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:408-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Ozturk B, Argin S, Ozilgen M, McClements DJ. Formation and stabilization of nanoemulsion-based vitamin E delivery systems using natural surfactants: Quillaja saponin and lecithin. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Regulatory metabolites of vitamin E and their putative relevance for atherogenesis. Redox Biol 2014; 2:495-503. [PMID: 24624339 PMCID: PMC3949092 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is likely the most important antioxidant in the human diet and α-tocopherol is the most active isomer. α-Tocopherol exhibits anti-oxidative capacity in vitro, and inhibits oxidation of LDL. Beside this, α-tocopherol shows anti-inflammatory activity and modulates expression of proteins involved in uptake, transport and degradation of tocopherols, as well as the uptake, storage and export of lipids such as cholesterol. Despite promising anti-atherogenic features in vitro, vitamin E failed to be atheroprotective in clinical trials in humans. Recent studies highlight the importance of long-chain metabolites of α-tocopherol, which are formed as catabolic intermediate products in the liver and occur in human plasma. These metabolites modulate inflammatory processes and macrophage foam cell formation via mechanisms different than that of their metabolic precursor α-tocopherol and at lower concentrations. Here we summarize the controversial role of vitamin E as a preventive agent against atherosclerosis and point the attention to recent findings that highlight a role of these long-chain metabolites of vitamin E as a proposed new class of regulatory metabolites. We speculate that the metabolites contribute to physiological as well as pathophysiological processes.
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29
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Reisi P, Dashti GR, Shabrang M, Rashidi B. The effect of vitamin E on neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal dentate gyrus in rabbits fed with high-cholesterol diets. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:42. [PMID: 24627850 PMCID: PMC3949347 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.125731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypercholesterolemia that can increase stress oxidative has destructive effects on brain functions. Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant and its effects on decrement of oxidative stress in the diseases such as Alzheimer's and hypercholesterolemia are demonstrated. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effects of vitamin E on the level of neuronal apoptosis in granular layer of dentate gyrus in the rabbits that fed with high-cholesterol diet. Materials and Methods: Male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into the control, the Vitamin E (50 mg/kg; gavage), the high-cholesterol diet (containing 2% cholesterol), and the high-cholesterol diet-vitamin E groups. Serum levels of cholesterol, LDL, and HDL, before and after the regimen for 6 weeks, were measured. Then, the rabbits for immunohistochemical staining (TUNEL Test) and evaluation of neuronal apoptosis in dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation were anesthetized and brains were dissected. Results: Results showed that after the regimens, serum levels of cholesterol, LDL, and HDL in the cholesterol receiving groups were increased significantly (P < 0.05). Histological results demonstrated that neuronal apoptosis in the dentate gyrus of the high-cholesterol diet group was increased significantly (P < 0.05) comparing to the control group; however, vitamin E decreased apoptosis as there wasn’t any significant differences between the high-cholesterol diet-vitamin E and control groups. Conclusions: Present results showed that consumption of high-cholesterol diets through hypercholesterolemia and its complication can induce neuronal death in hippocampus and probable resulting cognition disorders; however, vitamin E has neuroprotective effects and prevents neuronal apoptosis significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Reisi
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Department of Biosensor Research Center and Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Dashti
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Molud Shabrang
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Saberi AH, Fang Y, McClements DJ. Effect of glycerol on formation, stability, and properties of vitamin-E enriched nanoemulsions produced using spontaneous emulsification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 411:105-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Saberi AH, Fang Y, McClements DJ. Fabrication of vitamin E-enriched nanoemulsions by spontaneous emulsification: Effect of propylene glycol and ethanol on formation, stability, and properties. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Mayer S, Weiss J, McClements DJ. Vitamin E-enriched nanoemulsions formed by emulsion phase inversion: Factors influencing droplet size and stability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 402:122-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mayer S, Weiss J, McClements DJ. Behavior of vitamin E acetate delivery systems under simulated gastrointestinal conditions: lipid digestion and bioaccessibility of low-energy nanoemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 404:215-22. [PMID: 23721832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal delivery systems are needed to incorporate oil-soluble vitamins into aqueous-based foods and beverage products. In this study, we encapsulated vitamin E acetate into oil-in-water nanoemulsions produced using either a low-energy method (Emulsion Phase Inversion, EPI) or a high energy method (microfluidization). Oil-in-water nanoemulsions (d<200 nm) could be produced using both low- and high-energy methods from a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) and medium chain triglycerides (MCTs). The influence of surfactant-to-oil ratio (SOR) on lipid digestion and vitamin bioaccessibility of EPI nanoemulsions was determined using a gastrointestinal tract (GIT) model that simulated the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. There were increases in the size and negative charge of the oil droplets after passage through the GIT, which was attributed to droplet coalescence and changes in interfacial composition. The rate and extent of lipid digestion decreased with increasing surfactant concentration, but the bioaccessibility of vitamin E acetate was high in all of the samples (>95%). No appreciable influence of the preparation method (low-energy versus high-energy) on lipid digestion and vitamin bioaccessibility was observed. The major advantage of the EPI method for forming nanoemulsions is that no expensive equipment is required, but relatively high surfactant concentrations are needed compared to microfluidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinja Mayer
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Kha TC, Nguyen MH, Roach PD, Parks SE, Stathopoulos C. Gac Fruit: Nutrient and Phytochemical Composition, and Options for Processing. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2012.692141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Saberi AH, Fang Y, McClements DJ. Fabrication of vitamin E-enriched nanoemulsions: factors affecting particle size using spontaneous emulsification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 391:95-102. [PMID: 23116862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oil-in-water nanoemulsions are finding increasing use as delivery systems to encapsulate lipophilic bioactive components in functional food, personal care, and pharmaceutical products. We have investigated the influence of system composition and preparation conditions on the particle size of vitamin E acetate (VE)-loaded nanoemulsions prepared by spontaneous emulsification. This method relies on the formation of very fine oil droplets when an oil/surfactant mixture is added to water. The oil-to-emulsion ratio content was kept constant (10 wt.%) while the surfactant-to-emulsion ratio (%SER) was varied (from 2.5 to 10 wt.%). Oil phase composition (vitamin E to medium chain triglyceride ratio) had a major effect on particle size, with the smallest droplets being formed at 8 wt.% VE and 2 wt.% MCT. Surfactant type also had an appreciable impact on particle size, with TWEEN® 80 giving the smallest droplets from a group of food-grade non-ionic surfactants (TWEEN® 20, 40, 60, 80, and 85). Surfactant-to-emulsion ratio also had to be optimized to produce fine droplets, with the smallest droplets being formed at SER=10 wt.%. Particle size could also be reduced by increasing the temperature and stirring speed used when the oil/surfactant mixture was added to water. By optimizing system composition and homogenization conditions we were able to form VE-loaded nanoemulsions with small mean droplet diameters (d<50 nm) and low polydispersity indexes (PDI<0.13). The spontaneous emulsification method therefore has great potential for forming nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for food, personal care, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Saberi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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36
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Do antioxidants impair signaling by reactive oxygen species and lipid oxidation products? FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3767-70. [PMID: 23022561 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative modification of biologically essential molecules by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. At the same time, roles of ROS/RNS as physiological signaling messenger have been established. Lipid oxidation products also have two faces. It is argued that the radical scavenging antioxidants taken from diet or supplement may impair such beneficial effects of ROS/RNS and lipid oxidation products. However, it is unlikely that antioxidants impair physiologically important signaling, since the antioxidants do not scavenge signaling ROS/RNS nor do they inhibit the formation of signaling molecules. Lipid peroxidation products are not produced on purpose and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by antioxidants should be beneficial for maintenance of health and reducing disease risk.
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Schwartz J, Allison MA, Rifkin DE, Wright CM. Influence of patients' coronary artery calcium on subsequent medication use patterns. Am J Health Behav 2012; 36:628-38. [PMID: 22584090 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.36.5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether information on the presence and extent of coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated with the likelihood of physicians' prescribing preventive therapies. METHOD In a longitudinal design, asymptomatic participants (N=510) were evaluated by computed tomography for CAC. Changes to medications were at the discretion of the patient's primary care provider, who received the CT report. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, the likelihood of patients reporting that their primary care physician prescribed preventive therapies was significantly associated with the presence and extent of CAC. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that physicians' prescribing practices are influenced by patients' CAC scores obtained via CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schwartz
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Matthew A. Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dena E. Rifkin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and the Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
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Takashima M, Horie M, Shichiri M, Hagihara Y, Yoshida Y, Niki E. Assessment of antioxidant capacity for scavenging free radicals in vitro: a rational basis and practical application. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1242-52. [PMID: 22306582 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With increasing evidence showing the involvement of oxidative stress induced by free radicals in the development of various diseases, the role of radical-scavenging antioxidants has received much attention. Although many randomized controlled clinical trials do not support the beneficial effects of indiscriminate supplementation of antioxidants, more recent studies suggest that antioxidants such as vitamin E may be effective for prevention and treatment of some diseases when given to the right subjects at the right time. Many studies on the antioxidant capacity assessed by various available methods showed inconsistent results and the assessment of antioxidant capacity has been the subject of extensive studies and arguments. This study was performed to elucidate the basic chemistry required for the development of a reliable method for the assessment of antioxidant capacity for radical scavenging in vitro. In this study, the capacity of α-tocopherol and its related compounds, ascorbic acid, and uric acid for scavenging radicals was assessed from their effects on the rate of decay of hydrophilic and lipophilic probes with various reactivities toward free radicals induced by hydrophilic and lipophilic radicals in homogeneous solution and heterogeneous micelle systems. Fluorescein, pyranine, and pyrogallol red were used as hydrophilic probes, and BODIPY and N,N-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine were used as lipophilic probes. We show that the rate and amount of radical scavenging by antioxidants, termed the antioxidant radical absorbance capacity, could be assessed by an appropriate combination of radical initiator and probe. This method was applied to the assessment of radical-scavenging capacity of human plasma, wine, and green tea powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Takashima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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Catalgol B, Ozer NK. Protective effects of vitamin E against hypercholesterolemia-induced age-related diseases. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 7:91-8. [PMID: 21590435 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Changes in human plasma cholesterol levels results from the interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors. The accumulation of excess cholesterol in blood vessels leads to atherosclerosis. Many studies on this field show that differential expression of oxidative stress-related proteins, lipid metabolism-related enzymes, and receptors response to atherogenic diet. Additionally, excess brain cholesterol has been associated with increased formation and deposition of amyloid-β peptide from amyloid precursor protein which may contribute to the risk and pathogenesis of AD. To consider genetically, more than 50 genes have been reported to influence the risk of late-onset AD. Some of these genes might be also important in cholesterol metabolism and transport. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between high intake and high serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins like vitamin E and lower rates of ischemic heart diseases. It has been known that vitamin E also inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation by non-antioxidant mechanism. On the basis of the previous results, vitamin E has been accepted as an important protective factor against hypercholesterolemia-induced age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Catalgol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, 34668, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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40
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Berryman CE, Preston AG, Karmally W, Deckelbaum RJ, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of almond consumption on the reduction of LDL-cholesterol: a discussion of potential mechanisms and future research directions. Nutr Rev 2011; 69:171-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Marino M, Masella R, Bulzomi P, Campesi I, Malorni W, Franconi F. Nutrition and human health from a sex-gender perspective. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:1-70. [PMID: 21356234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition exerts a life-long impact on human health, and the interaction between nutrition and health has been known for centuries. The recent literature has suggested that nutrition could differently influence the health of male and female individuals. Until the last decade of the 20th century, research on women has been neglected, and the results obtained in men have been directly translated to women in both the medicine and nutrition fields. Consequently, most modern guidelines are based on studies predominantly conducted on men. However, there are many sex-gender differences that are the result of multifactorial inputs, including gene repertoires, sex steroid hormones, and environmental factors (e.g., food components). The effects of these different inputs in male and female physiology will be different in different periods of ontogenetic development as well as during pregnancy and the ovarian cycle in females, which are also age dependent. As a result, different strategies have evolved to maintain male and female body homeostasis, which, in turn, implies that there are important differences in the bioavailability, metabolism, distribution, and elimination of foods and beverages in males and females. This article will review some of these differences underlying the impact of food components on the risk of developing diseases from a sex-gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marino
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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42
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Seefeldt TM, Bennet LL. The Role of Antioxidant Vitamins in Cardiovascular Disease. J Pharm Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/875512251102700105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To review the current data on the role of antioxidant vitamins in cardiovascular disease. Data Sources: Articles were obtained from a MEDLINE search covering all years. Terms used in the search included combinations of antioxidant, vitamin, vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene, and cardiovascular disease. Reference lists from articles were examined for additional references. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Randomized clinical trials were selected and evaluated for study design and data obtained. Observational studies, meta-analyses, and basic science articles were also reviewed for background. Data Synthesis: The use of dietary supplements, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products, is common among patients in the US. Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene are all supplements with reported antioxidant activity. Because oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease, there has been significant research at the basic science level as well as observational studies and randomized placebo-controlled trials examining the potential impact of vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. While basic science data and data from observational studies have identified benefit from antioxidant vitamin supplementation, randomized clinical trials have failed to support a role for antioxidant vitamin supplementation in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: Data from randomized clinical trials do not support the use of antioxidant vitamins in cardiovascular disease. Therefore, antioxidant vitamins should not be recommended to patients for prevention or treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Seefeldt
- TERESA M SEEFELDT PhD PharmD, Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - Lunawati L Bennet
- LUNAWATI L BENNET PhD PharmD, Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL
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Niki E. Do free radicals play causal role in atherosclerosis? Low density lipoprotein oxidation and vitamin E revisited. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 48:3-7. [PMID: 21297905 PMCID: PMC3022060 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-007fr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Numerous in vitro and animal studies show that oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is an important initial event of atherosclerosis. Vitamin E and other antioxidants inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation efficiently in vitro, however, human clinical trials with vitamin E have not yielded positive results. The mixed results for vitamin E effect may be ascribed primarily to the two factors. Firstly low density lipoprotein oxidation proceeds by multiple pathways mediated not only by free radicals but also by other non-radical oxidants and vitamin E is effective only against free radical mediated oxidation. Secondly, in contrast to animal experiments, vitamin E is given at the latter stage where oxidation is no more important. Free radicals must play causal role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vitamin E should be effective if given at right time to right subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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