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Zhang XM, Shi XQ, Wang YZ, Gong S, Tang J, Tang M, Liu LX, Sun W, Yi Y. Comparative study on metabolites, nutrients, and antioxidant capacity of endosperm in Gymnocladus chinensis, Gleditsia sinensis, and Gleditsia japonica var. delavayi. Food Chem 2025; 463:141384. [PMID: 39340903 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
'Zaojiaomi' is a traditional food derived from Gleditsia sinensis or Gleditsia japonica var. delavayi endosperm. However, metabolite profile of Gymnocladus chinensis endosperm and its comparison to the aforementioned species remains understudied. This research employed a UPLC-MS based metabolomics approach to investigate and compare metabolite composition of G. chinensis endosperm with that of G. sinensis and G. japonica endosperm. A total of 1177 metabolites were identified, with 579 and 577 differentially abundant metabolites found between G. chinensis vs. G. japonica and G. chinensis vs. G. sinensis, respectively. They were mainly enriched in pathways related to flavonoid biosynthesis, suggesting potential for enhanced antioxidant activity, compared to G. japonica and G. sinensis. Additionally, G. chinensis endosperm was found to be rich in L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, and zinc elements, which have various health benefits. These findings provide valuable insights into metabolic composition of G. chinensis endosperm and its potential as a functional food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,; School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,; Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Alpine Rhododendron Diseases and Pests of Institutions of Higher Learning in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,.
| | - Xiao-Qian Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Su Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,; School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,; Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Alpine Rhododendron Diseases and Pests of Institutions of Higher Learning in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,; School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,; Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Alpine Rhododendron Diseases and Pests of Institutions of Higher Learning in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lun-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,; School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,; Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Alpine Rhododendron Diseases and Pests of Institutions of Higher Learning in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,; School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China,; Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Alpine Rhododendron Diseases and Pests of Institutions of Higher Learning in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Affuso F, Micillo F, Fazio S. Insulin Resistance, a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: Pathological Mechanisms and a New Proposal for a Preventive Therapeutic Approach. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1888. [PMID: 39200352 PMCID: PMC11351221 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral insulin resistance (IR) is a well-documented, independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and cellular senescence. Recently, the brain has also been identified as an insulin-responsive region, where insulin acts as regulator of the brain metabolism. Despite the clear link between IR and the brain, the exact mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Therapeutic intervention in patients showing symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases has produced little or no results. It has been demonstrated that insulin resistance plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly cognitive decline. Peripheral and brain IR may represent a modifiable state that could be used to prevent major brain disorders. In this review, we will analyse the scientific literature supporting IR as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and suggest some therapeutic strategies to provide a new proposal for the prevention of brain IR and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Affuso
- Independent Researcher, Viale Raffaello, 74, 80129 Napoli, Italy
| | - Filomena Micillo
- UOC of Geriatric Medicine AORN S.G. Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Serafino Fazio
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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Kośliński P, Rzepiński Ł, Koba M, Maciejek Z, Kowalewski M, Daghir-Wojtkowiak E. Comparative Analysis of Serum Amino Acid Profiles in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4083. [PMID: 39064122 PMCID: PMC11277976 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are autoimmune diseases that attack the central nervous system (CNS) and the neuromuscular junction, respectively. As the common pathogenesis of both diseases is associated with an autoimmune background and the involvement of T and B lymphocytes, the overlapping of selected clinical symptoms may cause difficulties in the differential diagnosis of both diseases. Methods: The aim of the study was to use Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) in conjunction with multivariate statistical analyses to examine the changes in amino acid metabolic profiles between patients with MG, MS, and a control group. Results: Comparative analysis of amino acids (AA) between patients with MG, MS, and within the control group allowed for the identification of statistically significant differences in the amino acid profile. Comparing the patients (patients with MS and MG) with the control group, and after taking the results of multiple tests into account, it was observed that amino acids such as ARG, PRO, TRP, CIT were significantly different between the groups. When considering the comparison between the AA concentrations in MS and MG patients, we found three AAs that were significantly different in the MS and MG groups, after correcting for multiple testing (CIT, GABA, and AAA). Higher concentrations of amino acids that showed significant differences were observed in patients with myasthenia gravis. Conclusions: Our results have indicated AAs that may prove valuable for improving the diagnostics of MS and MG patients. To better assess the potential utility of these markers, their performance requires further validation in a larger study group and limitation of possible confounding factors, e.g., medications and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kośliński
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Rzepiński
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powstańców Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (Ł.R.); (Z.M.)
- Sanitas—Neurology Outpatient Clinic, 85-010 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Koba
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Zdzisław Maciejek
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powstańców Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (Ł.R.); (Z.M.)
- Sanitas—Neurology Outpatient Clinic, 85-010 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Lao J, Tan H, Wu Y, Ding T, Liu X, Sun L, Chen X, Zhu C, Kang Y, Chen YH, Tang C, Wang F, Liu Y. Cerebrospinal Fluid Nitric Oxide Synthase is a Potential Mediator Between Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Sleep Disorders. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:897-906. [PMID: 38974692 PMCID: PMC11225998 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s458294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cigarette smoking and low peripheral nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels are strongly associated with sleep disorders. However, whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NOS relates to sleep disorders and whether CSF NOS mediates the relationship between cigarette smoking and sleep disorders is unclear. Methods We measured CSF levels of total NOS (tNOS) and its isoforms (inducible NOS [iNOS] and constitutive NOS [cNOS]) in 191 Chinese male subjects. We applied the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results The PSQI scores of active smokers were significantly higher than those of non-smokers, while CSF tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS were significantly lower (all p < 0.001). CSF tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS were negatively associated with PSQI scores in the general population (all p < 0.001). Mediation analysis suggested that CSF tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS mediate the relationship between smoking and PSQI scores, and the indirect effect accounted for 78.93%, 66.29%, and 81.65% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusion Cigarette smoking is associated with sleep disorders. Active smokers had significantly lower CSF levels of tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS. Furthermore, tNOS, iNOS, and cNOS mediate the relationship between cigarette smoking and sleep quality. This study provides insights into how cigarette smoke affects sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Lao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Tan
- Department of neurosurgery, Hangzhou Mingzhou Brain Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanrong Sun
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyi Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongrong Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Kang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chonghui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui−Long−Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Li G, Huang P, Cui S, He Y, Jiang Q, Li B, Li Y, Xu J, Wang Z, Tan Y, Chen S. Tai Chi improves non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: One-year randomized controlled study with the investigation of mechanisms. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 120:105978. [PMID: 38244460 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tai Chi was found to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether long-term Tai Chi training could improve non-motor symptoms (NMS) and the related mechanisms were unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate Tai Chi's impact on non-motor symptoms in PD and related mechanisms. METHODS 95 early-stage PD patients were recruited and randomly divided into Tai Chi (N = 32), brisk walking (N = 31), and no-exercise groups (N = 32). All subjects were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months within one-year intervention. Non-motor symptoms (including cognition, sleep, autonomic symptoms, anxiety/depression, and quality of life) were investigated by rating scales. fMRI, plasma cytokines and metabolomics, and blood Huntingtin interaction protein 2 (HIP2) mRNA levels were detected to observe changes in brain networks and plasma biomarkers. RESULTS Sixty-six patients completed the study. Non-motor functions assessed by rating scales, e.g. PD cognitive rating scale (PDCRS) and Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS), were significantly improved in the Tai Chi group than the control group. Besides, Tai Chi had advantages in improving NMS-Quest and ESS than brisk walking. Improved brain function was seen in the somatomotor network, correlating with improved PDCRS (p = 0.003, respectively). Downregulation of eotaxin and upregulation of BDNF demonstrated a positive correlation with improvement of PDCRS and PDCRS-frontal lobe scores (p ≤ 0.037). Improvement of energy and immune-related metabolomics (p ≤ 0.043), and elevation of HIP2 mRNA levels (p = 0.003) were also found associated with the improvement of PDCRS. CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi improved non-motor symptoms in PD, especially in cognition and sleep. Enhanced brain network function, downregulation of inflammation, and enhanced energy metabolism were observed after Tai Chi training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China; Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shishuang Cui
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yachao He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinying Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Binyin Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China; Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.
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Leal-Martinez F, Jimenez Ramirez G, Ibarra A. Nutritional Support System (NSS) as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Cerebral Palsy. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:271-277. [PMID: 37005522 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230330124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is part of a group of nonprogressive motor disorders. The disease affects movement and posture and constitutes the most frequent cause of motor disability in childhood. CP is characterized by spasticity, reflecting lesions in the pyramidal pathway. Treatment is currently focused on physical rehabilitation, and the annual progression of the disease is 2-3%. About 60% of these patients present severe degrees of malnutrition associated with dysphagia, gastrointestinal abnormalities, malabsorption, increased metabolism, and depression. These alterations promote sarcopenia functional dependence and affect the quality of life and delay the evolution of motor skills. Currently, there is evidence that the supplementation of several nutrients, dietary correction, and probiotics can improve neurological response by stimulating neuroplasticity, neuroregeneration, neurogenesis, and myelination. This therapeutic strategy could shorten the response period to treatment and increase both gross and fine motor skills. The interaction of nutrients and functional foods integrating a Nutritional Support System (NSS) has shown greater efficiency in neurological stimulation than when nutrients are supplied separately. The most studied elements in the neurological response are glutamine, arginine, zinc, selenium, cholecalciferol, nicotinic acid, thiamine, pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, Spirulina, omega-3 fatty acids, ascorbic acid, glycine, tryptophan, and probiotics. The NSS represents a therapeutic alternative that will restore neurological function in patients with spasticity and pyramidal pathway lesions, both characteristics of patients with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Leal-Martinez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Av. Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Edo. de México; CP 52786; México
| | - Guadalupe Jimenez Ramirez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Av. Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Edo. de México; CP 52786; México
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Av. Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Edo. de México; CP 52786; México
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Wu G. Roles of Nutrients in the Brain Development, Cognitive Function, and Mood of Dogs and Cats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1446:177-202. [PMID: 38625529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The brain is the central commander of all physical activities and the expression of emotions in animals. Its development and cognitive health critically depend on the neural network that consists of neurons, glial cells (namely, non-neuronal cells), and neurotransmitters (communicators between neurons). The latter include proteinogenic amino acids (e.g., L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and glycine) and their metabolites [e.g., γ-aminobutyrate, D-aspartate, D-serine, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and monoamines (e.g., dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin)]. In addition, some non-neurotransmitter metabolites of amino acids, such as taurine, creatine, and carnosine, also play important roles in brain development, cognitive health, behavior, and mood of dogs and cats. Much evidence shows that cats require dietary ω3 (α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) and ω6 (linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) polyunsaturated fatty acids for the development of the central nervous system. As an essential component of membranes of neurons and glial cells, cholesterol is also crucial for cognitive development and function. In addition, vitamins and minerals are required for the metabolism of AAs, lipids, and glucose in the nervous system, and also act as antioxidants. Thus, inadequate nutrition will lead to mood disorders. Some amino acids (e.g., arginine, glycine, methionine, serine, taurine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) can help to alleviate behavioral and mood disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety and aggression). As abundant providers of all these functional amino acids and lipids, animal-sourced foods (e.g., liver, intestinal mucosa, and meat) play important roles in brain development, cognitive function, and mood of dogs and cats. This may explain, in part, why dogs and cats prefer to eat visceral organs of their prey. Adequate provision of nutrients in all phases of the life cycle (pregnancy, lactation, postnatal growth, and adulthood) is essential for optimizing neurological health, while preventing cognitive dysfunction and abnormal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Du K, Zhai C, Li X, Gang H, Gao X. Feature-Based Molecular Networking Facilitates the Comprehensive Identification of Differential Metabolites in Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction Rats. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040538. [PMID: 37110195 PMCID: PMC10142102 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), usually accompanied by metabolic disorders. However, the metabolic changes in diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) patients, especially compared to T2DM groups, are not fully understood. Due to the subtle differences in metabolic alterations between DCD groups and T2DM groups, the comprehensive detection of the untargeted metabolic profiles of hippocampus and urine samples of rats was conducted by LC-MS, considering the different ionization modes and polarities of the examined compounds, and feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) was performed to help identify differential metabolites from a comprehensive perspective in this study. In addition, an association analysis of the differential metabolites in hippocampus and urine was conducted by the O2PLS model. Finally, a total of 71 hippocampal tissue differential metabolites and 179 urine differential metabolites were identified. The pathway enrichment results showed that glutamine and glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, TCA cycle, and arginine biosynthesis in the hippocampus of DCD animals were changed. Seven metabolites (AUC > 0.9) in urine appeared as key differential metabolites that might reflect metabolic changes in the target tissue of DCD rats. This study showed that FBMN facilitated the comprehensive identification of differential metabolites in DCD rats. The differential metabolites may suggest an underlying DCD and be considered as potential biomarkers for DCD. Large samples and clinical experiments are needed for the subsequent elucidation of the possible mechanisms leading to these alterations and the verification of potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing102488, China
| | - Chuanjia Zhai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing102488, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing102488, China
| | - Hongchuan Gang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing102488, China
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Akomolafe SF, Asowata-Ayodele AM. Roasted cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) nut-enhanced diet forestalls cisplatin-initiated brain harm in rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11066. [PMID: 36276737 PMCID: PMC9578995 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incessant dose constraining symptom of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin is neurotoxicity. This examination tried to explore the neuroprotective impact of roasted cashew nut-enhanced diet against brain deficits related with treatment with cisplatin. Rats were separated in to six groups: Control, CIS (cisplatin [7 mg/kg body weight, i.p]), CIS +10% CN (cisplatin plus 10% roasted cashew nut), CIS +20% CN (cisplatin plus 20% roasted cashew nut), 10% CN (10% roasted cashew nut) and 20% CN (20% roasted cashew nut) for 28 days. Key enzymes associated with brain function, including cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), monoaminergic enzyme (MAO), arginase, and adenosine deaminase (ADA), were investigated after the treatment. The following oxidative stress indicators were also measured in the rat brain: glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol (T-SH), non-protein thiol (NPSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD). Our outcomes demonstrated that roasted cashew nut enhanced diet showed inhibitory impact on activities of AChE, BChE, ADA, MAO and arginase in cisplatin-induced rats. The roasted cashew nut supplemented diet also boosted redox equilibrium and displayed protection against cispaltin-induced oxidative damage to rats' brains by an increase in SOD, CAT, GST and GPx activities, TAC, T-SH, NPSH and NO levels as well as a considerable drop in ROS and RBARS levels. Roasted cashew nut enhanced diet additionally forestalled neuronal degeneration in rat brain. Thus, roasted cashew nuts could be used as a nutraceutical or functional food to treat cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Practical applications The results show that increasing roasted cashew nut consumption can significantly improve antioxidant status, reduce lipid peroxidation, and suppress cholinesterase, adenosine deaminase, monoamine oxidase, and arginase activities in the brain under cisplatin-induced circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seun F. Akomolafe
- Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria,Corresponding author.
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Mehta R, Kuhad A, Bhandari R. Nitric oxide pathway as a plausible therapeutic target in autism spectrum disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:659-679. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Mehta
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160 014 India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160 014 India
| | - Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160 014 India
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Doneray E, Yazici KU, Yazici IP, Ustundag B. Altered Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in Children Diagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and the Effect of 10 Weeks Methylphenidate Treatment. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 20:350-363. [PMID: 35466106 PMCID: PMC9048004 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.2.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective In this study, we investigated the levels of arginine, nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and adrenomedullin that are presumed to play a role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) etiology, and to compare the findings with healthy controls. Methods Thirty ADHD patients and thirty healthy control subjects aged 6−12 years were included in the study. Sociodemographic data form, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version; Conners’ Parent/Teacher Rating Scale-Revised Long Form; Children’s Depression Inventory; and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children were applied to all cases. All participants included in the study were evaluated in terms of their serum arginine, NO, ADMA, and adrenomedullin levels. Subsequently, methylphenidate treatment was started in ADHD patients and blood parameters were tested again in the tenth week of treatment. Results At the start of the study, arginine and ADMA levels were significantly higher and NO and adrenomedullin levels were significantly lower in the ADHD group compared to the control group. Post-treatment arginine and ADMA levels were found to be significantly lower than in the pre-treatment period. There were no significant differences in NO and adrenomedullin levels before and after treatment. There was no correlation between scale scores and blood parameters. Conclusion These variations in the blood parameters of the ADHD group seem to be worth further investigation. Studies to be conducted with larger sample groups after longer-term treatment may provide new information about the alterations in neurobiological processes related to ADHD etiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Doneray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Kemal Utku Yazici
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ipek Percinel Yazici
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Bilal Ustundag
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
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12
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Li G, Huang P, Cui SS, Tan YY, He YC, Shen X, Jiang QY, Huang P, He GY, Li BY, Li YX, Xu J, Wang Z, Chen SD. Mechanisms of motor symptom improvement by long-term Tai Chi training in Parkinson’s disease patients. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:6. [PMID: 35125106 PMCID: PMC8819852 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tai Chi has been shown to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its long-term effects and the related mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term Tai Chi training on motor symptoms in PD and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Ninety-five early-stage PD patients were enrolled and randomly divided into Tai Chi (n = 32), brisk walking (n = 31) and no-exercise (n = 32) groups. At baseline, 6 months and 12 months during one-year intervention, all participants underwent motor symptom evaluation by Berg balance scale (BBS), Unified PD rating-scale (UPDRS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 3D gait analysis, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), plasma cytokine and metabolomics analysis, and blood Huntingtin interaction protein 2 (HIP2) mRNA level analysis. Longitudinal self-changes were calculated using repeated measures ANOVA. GEE (generalized estimating equations) was used to assess factors associated with the longitudinal data of rating scales. Switch rates were used for fMRI analysis. False discovery rate correction was used for multiple correction. Results Participants in the Tai Chi group had better performance in BBS, UPDRS, TUG and step width. Besides, Tai Chi was advantageous over brisk walking in improving BBS and step width. The improved BBS was correlated with enhanced visual network function and downregulation of interleukin-1β. The improvements in UPDRS were associated with enhanced default mode network function, decreased L-malic acid and 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and increased adenosine and HIP2 mRNA levels. In addition, arginine biosynthesis, urea cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle and beta oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids were also improved by Tai Chi training. Conclusions Long-term Tai Chi training improves motor function, especially gait and balance, in PD. The underlying mechanisms may include enhanced brain network function, reduced inflammation, improved amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter metabolism, and decreased vulnerability to dopaminergic degeneration. Trial registration This study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2000036036; Registration date: August 22, 2020). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-022-00280-7.
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Sujkowski A, Hong L, Wessells RJ, Todi SV. The protective role of exercise against age-related neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101543. [PMID: 34923167 PMCID: PMC8761166 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endurance exercise is a widely accessible, low-cost intervention with a variety of benefits to multiple organ systems. Exercise improves multiple indices of physical performance and stimulates pronounced health benefits reducing a range of pathologies including metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Endurance exercise delays brain aging, preserves memory and cognition, and improves symptoms of neurodegenerative pathologies like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and various ataxias. Potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise include neuronal survival and plasticity, neurogenesis, epigenetic modifications, angiogenesis, autophagy, and the synthesis and release of neurotrophins and cytokines. In this review, we discuss shared benefits and molecular pathways driving the protective effects of endurance exercise on various neurodegenerative diseases in animal models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Luke Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - R J Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA.
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14
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Mechanistic Insights Expatiating the Redox-Active-Metal-Mediated Neuronal Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020678. [PMID: 35054862 PMCID: PMC8776156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complicated and incapacitating neurodegenerative malady that emanates following the dopaminergic (DArgic) nerve cell deprivation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN-PC). The etiopathogenesis of PD is still abstruse. Howbeit, PD is hypothesized to be precipitated by an amalgamation of genetic mutations and exposure to environmental toxins. The aggregation of α-synucelin within the Lewy bodies (LBs), escalated oxidative stress (OS), autophagy-lysosome system impairment, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) impairment, mitochondrial abnormality, programmed cell death, and neuroinflammation are regarded as imperative events that actively participate in PD pathogenesis. The central nervous system (CNS) relies heavily on redox-active metals, particularly iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), in order to modulate pivotal operations, for instance, myelin generation, synthesis of neurotransmitters, synaptic signaling, and conveyance of oxygen (O2). The duo, namely, Fe and Cu, following their inordinate exposure, are viable of permeating across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and moving inside the brain, thereby culminating in the escalated OS (through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-reliant pathway), α-synuclein aggregation within the LBs, and lipid peroxidation, which consequently results in the destruction of DArgic nerve cells and facilitates PD emanation. This review delineates the metabolism of Fe and Cu in the CNS, their role and disrupted balance in PD. An in-depth investigation was carried out by utilizing the existing publications obtained from prestigious medical databases employing particular keywords mentioned in the current paper. Moreover, we also focus on decoding the role of metal complexes and chelators in PD treatment. Conclusively, metal chelators hold the aptitude to elicit the scavenging of mobile/fluctuating metal ions, which in turn culminates in the suppression of ROS generation, and thereby prelude the evolution of PD.
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15
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Rzepiński Ł, Kośliński P, Gackowski M, Koba M, Maciejek Z. Amino Acid Levels as Potential Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis in Elderly Patients: Preliminary Report. J Clin Neurol 2022; 18:529-534. [PMID: 36062770 PMCID: PMC9444553 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.5.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Rzepiński
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Sanitas-Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kośliński
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Gackowski
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Koba
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Maciejek
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Sanitas-Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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16
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Plasma Metabolite Markers of Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120860. [PMID: 34940618 PMCID: PMC8706715 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiating between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the atypical Parkinsonian disorders of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is difficult clinically due to overlapping symptomatology, especially at early disease stages. Consequently, there is a need to identify metabolic markers for these diseases and to develop them into viable biomarkers. In the present investigation, solution nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomics were used to quantitatively characterize the plasma metabolomes (a total of 167 metabolites) of a cohort of 94 individuals comprising 34 PD, 12 MSA, and 17 PSP patients, as well as 31 control subjects. The distinct and statistically significant differences observed in the metabolite concentrations of the different disease and control groups enabled the identification of potential plasma metabolite markers of each disorder and enabled the differentiation between the disorders. These group-specific differences further implicate disturbances in specific metabolic pathways. The two metabolites, formic acid and succinate, were altered similarly in all three disease groups when compared to the control group, where a reduced level of formic acid suggested an effect on pyruvate metabolism, methane metabolism, and/or the kynurenine pathway, and an increased succinate level suggested an effect on the citric acid cycle and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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17
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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Xu J, Patassini S, Roncaroli F, Hooper NM, Unwin RD, Cooper GJS. Severe and Regionally Widespread Increases in Tissue Urea in the Human Brain Represent a Novel Finding of Pathogenic Potential in Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:711396. [PMID: 34751215 PMCID: PMC8571017 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.711396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread elevations in brain urea have, in recent years, been reported in certain types of age-related dementia, notably Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Urea increases in these diseases are substantive, and approximate in magnitude to levels present in uraemic encephalopathy. In AD and HD, elevated urea levels are widespread, and not only in regions heavily affected by neurodegeneration. However, measurements of brain urea have not hitherto been reported in Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), a condition which shares neuropathological and symptomatic overlap with both AD and HD. Here we report measurements of tissue urea from nine neuropathologically confirmed regions of the brain in PDD and post-mortem delay (PMD)-matched controls, in regions including the cerebellum, motor cortex (MCX), sensory cortex, hippocampus (HP), substantia nigra (SN), middle temporal gyrus (MTG), medulla oblongata (MED), cingulate gyrus, and pons, by applying ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Urea concentrations were found to be substantively elevated in all nine regions, with average increases of 3–4-fold. Urea concentrations were remarkably consistent across regions in both cases and controls, with no clear distinction between regions heavily affected or less severely affected by neuronal loss in PDD. These urea elevations mirror those found in uraemic encephalopathy, where equivalent levels are generally considered to be pathogenic, and those previously reported in AD and HD. Increased urea is a widespread metabolic perturbation in brain metabolism common to PDD, AD, and HD, at levels equal to those seen in uremic encephalopathy. This presents a novel pathogenic mechanism in PDD, which is shared with two other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefano Patassini
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Brain and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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18
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Zarrindast MR, Fazli-Tabaei S, Khakpai F. Synergistic effect between quinpirole and L-NAME as well as sulpiride and L-arginine on the modulation of anxiety and memory processes in the 6-OHDA mouse model of Parkinson's disease: An isobologram analysis. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 186:107538. [PMID: 34737042 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated interactions between dopamine D2 receptor and nitric oxide (NO) actions on the regulation of anxiety and memory in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). A unilateral guide cannula was stereotaxically implanted over the right striatum. Elevated plus-maze test (EPM) test-retest protocol was employed to evaluate anxiety and memory in mice. The results revealed that injection of L-NAME (9 mg/kg) induced anxiolytic and amnesic effects, while L-arginine (9 mg/kg) produced anxiogenic and memory-improvement effects in the 6-OHDA mouse model of PD. Administration of sulpiride (20 mg/kg) induced anxiogenic and memory-improvement effects, whereas quinpirole (20 mg/kg) caused anxiolytic and amnesic effects in PD mice. Co-injection of sulpiride (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) plus L-NAME (3 mg/kg) induced anxiolytic and amnesic effects. Co-injection of sulpiride (20 mg/kg) plus L-arginine (3 mg/kg) induced anxiogenic and memory-improvement effects. Co-administrations of quinpirole (20 mg/kg) and L-NAME (3 mg/kg) induced anxiolytic effect, but co-administration of quinpirole (20 mg/kg) plus L-arginine (3 mg/kg) caused anxiogenic and memory-improvement effects. The isobologram analysis revealed that there is a synergistic effect between sulpiride and L-arginine as well as quinpirole and L-NAME upon induction of anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects, respectively in PD mice. Our results suggested: (1) NO and dopamine D2 receptor mechanisms affect anxiety and memory in PD mice; (2) L-NAME reversed anxiogenic and memory-improvement effect induced by sulpiride; (3) Anxiolytic and amnesic effects induced by quinpirole reversed by L-arginine; (4) There is a synergistic effect between dopamine D2 receptor and NO systems on the modulation of anxiety and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Fazli-Tabaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Wang P, Zhou W, Liu J, Sui F, Wang Z. Modulome-Fangjiome Association Study (MoFAS) reveals differential target distribution among four similar fangjis (formulas). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:113822. [PMID: 33460760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Precise target distribution is a key issue for further appropriate applications of fangjis (formulas) with similar efficacy and herbal constituents to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY To develop an algorithm for investigating the differential target distributions and characteristic mechanisms of fangjis. MAIN METHODS In this study, we proposed a Modulome-Fangjiome Association Study (MoFAS) for comparing fangjis from qi-invigorating and xue-nourishing fangjiome (represented by four fangjis: FEJ, SDT, LYG and QOL). Firstly, the database-driven target network of these 4 fangjis was constructed as qi-xue network and decomposed into modules. Then, the modular map with functional landscape were constructed based on consistency score and enrichment analysis. Finally, we employed a targeting rate (TR) matrix to assess the contribution of this fangjiome to modulome (a set of modules) and compared characteristic effect of fangjis by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS A qi-xue network constituted by 579 proteins and 23 modules were constructed. In the functional landscape, 3 primary modules were mainly involved in the endocrine system and environmental adaptation. For the target distribution, SDT and QOL were more similar; the FEJ and LYG were located distant from other fangjis according to PCA. The common effects of FEJ, SDT, and QOL focused on stress response and organism development in environmental perturbation, but the FEJ was superior in regulating critical targets, primarily focusing on hormone and neurotransmitter processes. SDT and QOL were concentrated on the majority scale of the qi-xue network, especially for the mitotic cell cycle and development. LYG only targeted lymphocyte costimulation and icosanoid biosynthetic processes. CONCLUSION In this study, for the first time, we investigated the difference in the target distribution of qi-invigorating and xue-nourishing fangjiome and provided direct evidence for the characteristic therapeutic effect of these fangjis, which may promote the precise application of fangjis and support the identification of appropriate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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20
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Voloshyna IM. PRACTICAL USE OF GOAT MILK AND COLOSTRUM. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the protein and amino acid composition of both goat colostrums and milk and describes the properties of goat colostrums and milk components. In addition, the prospects of use of goat milk and colostrum in the food and cosmetics industry and the feasibility of use of goat milk for baby feeding are shown. Functional foods produced from goat milk have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antihypertensive and antiatherogenic activities in the human body. Goat milk cosmetics are very useful for maintaining a healthy skin and are effective in treatment of various skin diseases. Infant formula based on goat milk provides comfortable digestion for babies and are better at absorbing proteins, fats and other nutrients than infant formula based on cow’s milk.
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21
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Paulus MC, Wijnhoven AM, Maessen GC, Blankensteijn SR, van der Heyden MAG. Does vitamin B12 deficiency explain psychiatric symptoms in recreational nitrous oxide users? A narrative review. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 59:947-955. [PMID: 34348072 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1938107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) is associated with many side effects, of which neurological complications are most common. Nitrous oxide abuse is also associated with psychiatric symptoms, but these have received less attention so far. Vitamin B12 deficiency may play a role in the development of these psychiatric symptoms.Aims To explore the relationship among the occurrence of recreational nitrous oxide-induced psychiatric symptoms, accompanying neurological symptoms, vitamin B12 status and choice of treatment.Methods A retrospective search for case reports was conducted across multiple databases (Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and CINAHL). Keywords included variants of "nitrous oxide", "case report" and "abuse". No restrictions to language or publication date were applied.Results The search retrieved 372 articles. A total of 25 case reports were included, representing 31 patients with psychiatric complications following nitrous oxide abuse. The most often reported symptoms were: hallucinations (n = 16), delusions (n = 11), and paranoia (n = 11). When neurological symptoms were present, patients were treated more frequently with vitamin B12 supplementation.Conclusions This review highlights the need to recognize that psychiatric symptoms may appear in association with nitrous oxide use. Approximately half of the cases that presented with nitrous oxide-induced psychiatric complaints did not show neurological symptoms, and their vitamin B12 concentration was often within the hospital's reference range. Psychiatrists and emergency physicians should be aware of isolated psychiatric symptoms caused by recreational nitrous oxide abuse. We suggest asking all patients with new psychiatric symptoms about nitrous oxide use and protocolizing the management of nitrous oxide-induced psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Paulus
- CRU + Master, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anjali M Wijnhoven
- CRU + Master, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Redox Homeostasis and Prospects for Therapeutic Targeting in Neurodegenerative Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9971885. [PMID: 34394839 PMCID: PMC8355971 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9971885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive species, such as those of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, are considered part of normal cellular metabolism and play significant roles that can impact several signaling processes in ways that lead to either cellular sustenance, protection, or damage. Cellular redox processes involve a balance in the production of reactive species (RS) and their removal because redox imbalance may facilitate oxidative damage. Physiologically, redox homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of many cellular processes. RS may serve as signaling molecules or cause oxidative cellular damage depending on the delicate equilibrium between RS production and their efficient removal through the use of enzymatic or nonenzymatic cellular mechanisms. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that redox imbalance plays a significant role in the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. For example, studies have shown that redox imbalance in the brain mediates neurodegeneration and alters normal cytoprotective responses to stress. Therefore, this review describes redox homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. A clearer understanding of the redox-regulated processes in neurodegenerative disorders may afford opportunities for newer therapeutic strategies.
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23
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Mahmoud YK, Ali AA, Abdelrazek HMA, Aldayel TS, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Menyawy MAI. Neurotoxic Effect of Fipronil in Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effect of L-Arginine and L-Carnitine. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070682. [PMID: 34356537 PMCID: PMC8301478 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insecticides are widely used in agricultural and household environments. They induce wide range of deleterious effects. Fipronil is one of the most widely used phenylpyrazoles insecticides. The neurotoxic effect of such insecticide was tested in the present study with special emphasis on cognitive deficit as well as testing the possible ameliorative impacts of L-arginine and L-carnitine. The study proposed fipronil-induced cognitive deficit as a reflection to oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation. Moreover, L-arginine and L-carnitine exerted ameliorative influence on fipronil induced oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation. Therefore, L-arginine and L-carnitine can be considered as prospective candidates for mitigation of pesticide induced neurotoxicity especially in people with high-risk exposure to pesticide. Abstract The ameliorative effect of L-arginine (LA) and L-carnitine (LC) against fipronil (FPN)-induced neurotoxicity was explored. In this case, 36 adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: group I received distilled water, group II received 500 mg/kg LA, group III received 100 mg/kg LC, group IV received 4.85 mg/kg FPN, group V received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 500 mg/kg LA and group VI received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 100 mg/kg LC for 6 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed using Barnes maze (BM). Serum corticosterone, brain total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and dopamine were measured. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of ionized calcium-binding adaptor (Iba-1), doublecortin (DCX) and serotonin (S-2A) receptors were performed. Fipronil induced noticeable deterioration in spatial learning and memory performance. In addition, FPN significantly (p < 0.05) diminished brain antioxidant defense system and dopamine coincide with elevated serum corticosterone level. Histopathological examination revealed degenerative and necrotic changes. Furthermore, Iba-1 and DCX were significantly expressed in cortex and hippocampus whereas S-2A receptors were significantly lowered in FPN group. However, administration of LA or LC alleviated FPN-induced deteriorations. In conclusion, LA and LC could be prospective candidates for mitigation of FPN-induced neurotoxicity via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuropotentiating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina K. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Ali
- Hygiene, Zoonosis and Animal Behavior Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Heba M. A. Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +2-012-23399477; Fax: +2-064-3207052
| | - Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
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Ma L, Gholam Azad M, Dharmasivam M, Richardson V, Quinn RJ, Feng Y, Pountney DL, Tonissen KF, Mellick GD, Yanatori I, Richardson DR. Parkinson's disease: Alterations in iron and redox biology as a key to unlock therapeutic strategies. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101896. [PMID: 33799121 PMCID: PMC8044696 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of studies indicate that iron metabolism is dysregulated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The literature reveals well-documented alterations consistent with established dogma, but also intriguing paradoxical observations requiring mechanistic dissection. An important fact is the iron loading in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which are the cells primarily affected in PD. Assessment of these changes reveal increased expression of proteins critical for iron uptake, namely transferrin receptor 1 and the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and decreased expression of the iron exporter, ferroportin-1 (FPN1). Consistent with this is the activation of iron regulator protein (IRP) RNA-binding activity, which is an important regulator of iron homeostasis, with its activation indicating cytosolic iron deficiency. In fact, IRPs bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) in the 3ꞌ untranslated region (UTR) of certain mRNAs to stabilize their half-life, while binding to the 5ꞌ UTR prevents translation. Iron loading of dopaminergic neurons in PD may occur through these mechanisms, leading to increased neuronal iron and iron-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The "gold standard" histological marker of PD, Lewy bodies, are mainly composed of α-synuclein, the expression of which is markedly increased in PD. Of note, an atypical IRE exists in the α-synuclein 5ꞌ UTR that may explain its up-regulation by increased iron. This dysregulation could be impacted by the unique autonomous pacemaking of dopaminergic neurons of the SNpc that engages L-type Ca+2 channels, which imparts a bioenergetic energy deficit and mitochondrial redox stress. This dysfunction could then drive alterations in iron trafficking that attempt to rescue energy deficits such as the increased iron uptake to provide iron for key electron transport proteins. Considering the increased iron-loading in PD brains, therapies utilizing limited iron chelation have shown success. Greater therapeutic advancements should be possible once the exact molecular pathways of iron processing are dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ma
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Gholam Azad
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Dharmasivam
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Richardson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y Feng
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D L Pountney
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - K F Tonissen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G D Mellick
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - I Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - D R Richardson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Nagu P, Parashar A, Behl T, Mehta V. Gut Microbiota Composition and Epigenetic Molecular Changes Connected to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1436-1455. [PMID: 33829390 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and its pathogenesis is not fully known. Although there are several hypotheses, such as neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and oxidative stress, none of them completely explain the origin and progression of AD. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota and epigenetics can directly influence the pathogenesis of AD via their effects on multiple pathways, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and amyloid protein. Various gut microbes such as Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, E. coli, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, and Verrucomicrobia are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. These microbes and their metabolites modulate various physiological processes that contribute to AD pathogenesis, such as neuroinflammation and other inflammatory processes, amyloid deposition, cytokine storm syndrome, altered BDNF and NMDA signaling, impairing neurodevelopmental processes. Likewise, epigenetic markers associated with AD mainly include histone modifications and DNA methylation, which are under the direct control of a variety of enzymes, such as acetylases and methylases. The activity of these enzymes is dependent upon the metabolites generated by the host's gut microbiome, suggesting the significance of epigenetics in AD pathogenesis. It is interesting to know that both gut microbiota and epigenetics are dynamic processes and show a high degree of variation according to diet, stressors, and environmental factors. The bidirectional relation between the gut microbiota and epigenetics suggests that they might work in synchrony to modulate AD representation, its pathogenesis, and progression. They both also provide numerous targets for early diagnostic biomarkers and for the development of AD therapeutics. This review discusses the gut microbiota and epigenetics connection in the pathogenesis of AD and aims to highlight vast opportunities for diagnosis and therapeutics of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Nagu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Pharmacy, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arun Parashar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Binding ability of arginine, citrulline, N-acetyl citrulline and thiocitrulline with SARS COV-2 main protease using molecular docking studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 10:28. [PMID: 33842188 PMCID: PMC8021929 DOI: 10.1007/s13721-021-00301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the binding abilities of arginine, citrulline, N-acetyl citrulline and thiocitrulline on the active sites of SARS-COV-2 protease have been investigated using in-silico studies. All the above ligands bind selectively and preferentially to Cys-145 active site and also to other amino acids surrounding to it in the main protease. Of which arginine forms less number of weaker bonds compared to the other ligands, it by itself is a precursor for the formation of citrulline analogues with in the cell. Major advantage of using the above ligands is that in addition to its preferential binding, they have the ability to increase the immunity by assisting NO generation. Our results show that N-acetyl citrulline, citrulline, thiocitrulline and arginine may be used as a supplement during the treatment of SARS-COV-2.
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Chachlaki K, Prevot V. Nitric oxide signalling in the brain and its control of bodily functions. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5437-5458. [PMID: 31347144 PMCID: PMC7707094 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile molecule that plays key roles in the development and survival of mammalian species by endowing brain neuronal networks with the ability to make continual adjustments to function in response to moment-to-moment changes in physiological input. Here, we summarize the progress in the field and argue that NO-synthetizing neurons and NO signalling in the brain provide a core hub for integrating sensory- and homeostatic-related cues, control key bodily functions, and provide a potential target for new therapeutic opportunities against several neuroendocrine and behavioural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlaki
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainJean‐Pierre Aubert Research Centre, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- School of MedicineUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- CHU LilleFHU 1,000 days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainJean‐Pierre Aubert Research Centre, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- School of MedicineUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- CHU LilleFHU 1,000 days for HealthLilleFrance
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28
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Prpar Mihevc S, Zakošek Pipan M, Štrbenc M, Rogelj B, Majdič G. Nitrosative Stress in the Frontal Cortex From Dogs With Canine Cognitive Dysfunction. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:573155. [PMID: 33330694 PMCID: PMC7717931 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.573155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is an age-related disorder similar to human Alzheimer's disease (AD) that occurs in elderly dogs. Nitrosative stress has been implicated as one of the causes leading to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD. Its involvement in the development of CCD has not been studied so far. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining detected all three isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in brains from CCD-affected dogs and non-demented control dogs in all layers of the canine frontal cortex. In CCD-affected and non-demented brains, nNOS was highly expressed in pyramidal-like neurons in the upper cortical layers. nNOS has also been observed in astrocytes in the CCD frontal cortex. The nNOS immunohistochemical staining was statistically significantly elevated in dogs with CCD in comparison to non-demented dogs. Blood vessel wall cells were positive for eNOS, which was also expressed in astrocytes and neurons. Intense 3-NT immunoreactivity was observed in the upper cortical layers, where amyloid-beta deposits spread in the last stage of CCD. Brain cells in the same area were highly immunoreactive for iNOS. This infers that neuroinflammation and nitrosative stress might exacerbate the neurodegenerative process in CCD-affected brains, ultimately leading to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Prpar Mihevc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Zakošek Pipan
- Veterinary Faculty, Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Malan Štrbenc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Biomedical Research Institute (BRIS), Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Majdič
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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29
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Leal-Martínez F, Franco D, Peña-Ruiz A, Castro-Silva F, Escudero-Espinosa AA, Rolón-Lacarrier OG, López-Alarcón M, De León X, Linares-Eslava M, Ibarra A. Effect of a Nutritional Support System (Diet and Supplements) for Improving Gross Motor Function in Cerebral Palsy: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Foods 2020; 9:E1449. [PMID: 33066040 PMCID: PMC7601161 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with cerebral palsy (CP) do not respond to physical therapy due to deterioration in their nutritional status, secondary to gastrointestinal disorders and the catabolic state of the disease itself. However, basic treatments only contemplate the energy requirements and do not consider supplementation with glutamine, zinc, selenium, colecalciferol, spirulina, omega 3 or even vegetal proteins. OBJECTIVE In this study, we determined the effect of using a nutritional support system (NSS): diet and supplements, on the gross motor function in children with CP with spastic diparesic and Gross Motor Function Classification System III (GMFCS III). METHODS An exploratory study was performed. Thirty patients (from 4 to 12 years old) were randomly assigned to: (1) dietary surveillance (FG), (2) deworming and WHO diet (CG), or (3) deworming and the NSS (IG). Gross motor function was evaluated using the gross motor function measure (GMFM) scale. RESULTS The IG-treated group presented a significant improvement in standing and walking parameters analyzed in the GMFM compared with FG and CG groups. Fifty percent of the IG-treated patients managed to walk, while in the other groups, no patients were able to walk. CONCLUSIONS The NSS used in the present work improves gross motor function and promotes walking in patients with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Leal-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| | - Denise Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| | - Andrea Peña-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| | - Fabiola Castro-Silva
- Departamento de Terapia Física, Centro de Rehabilitación e Inclusión Infantil Teletón (CRIT), Tlalnepantla de Baz 54010, Mexico; (F.C.-S.); (A.A.E.-E.)
| | - Andrea A. Escudero-Espinosa
- Departamento de Terapia Física, Centro de Rehabilitación e Inclusión Infantil Teletón (CRIT), Tlalnepantla de Baz 54010, Mexico; (F.C.-S.); (A.A.E.-E.)
| | - Oscar G. Rolón-Lacarrier
- Departamento de Investigación y Enseñanza, Centro de Rehabilitación e Inclusión Infantil Teletón (CRIT), Tlalnepantla de Baz 54010, Mexico;
| | - Mardia López-Alarcón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría CMN siglo XXI, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico;
| | - Ximena De León
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| | - Mariana Linares-Eslava
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
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Unno K, Furushima D, Nomura Y, Yamada H, Iguchi K, Taguchi K, Suzuki T, Ozeki M, Nakamura Y. Antidepressant Effect of Shaded White Leaf Tea Containing High Levels of Caffeine and Amino Acids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153550. [PMID: 32756488 PMCID: PMC7435365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The young leaves of green tea become lighter in color than usual when protected from sunlight by a shading net for about two weeks while growing. These leaves are called "shaded white leaf tea" or SWLT. In the eluate of SWLT, the amount of amino acids (361 mg/L) was significantly higher than that in regular tea (53.5 mg/L). Since theanine and arginine, the first and second most abundant amino acids in SWLT, have significant antistress effects, we examined the antistress effect of SWLT on humans. SWLT or placebo green tea (3 g) was eluted with room-temperature water (500 mL). Participants consumed the tea for one week prior to pharmacy practice and continued for 10 days in the practice period. The state-trait anxiety inventory, an anxiety questionnaire, tended to be scored lower in the SWLT group than the placebo, but other stress markers showed no differences. The effect of the difference in SWLT components examined with mice showed that aspartic acid and asparagine, which are abundant in SWLT, counteracted the antistress effects of theanine and arginine. Large amounts of caffeine also interfered with SWLT's antistress effect. Thus, SWLT, which is high in caffeine and amino acids, suppressed depressant behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Unno
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-54-264-5822
| | - Daisuke Furushima
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (D.F.); (Y.N.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuzuki Nomura
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (D.F.); (Y.N.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (D.F.); (Y.N.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kazuaki Iguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan;
| | - Kyoko Taguchi
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Tea Research Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Kikugawa, Shizuoka 439-0002, Japan;
| | - Makoto Ozeki
- Nutrition Division, R&D Group, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan;
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.N.)
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Esshili A, Manitz MP, Freund N, Juckel G. Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in activated microglia and astrocytes following pre- and postnatal immune challenge in an animal model of schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 35:100-110. [PMID: 32439226 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, activated microglia and astrocytes produce proinflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cytokines. Uncontrolled release of these mediators induced by immune challenge can lead to increased vulnerability to complex brain disorders such as schizophrenia. In this study, BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with the viral mimetic polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (poly(I:C)) or saline. At postnatal day 30 (PND0), the animals were sacrificed and the hippocampus, corpus callosum, striatum, cortex, fimbria and ventricle were immunostained for Iba-1, a microglial marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker, and iNOS, an activation marker for NO. Additionally, serum cytokine profiling (Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL- 4, IL-6, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL-17A and IL-10) was determined using serum samples from poly(I:C)-treated and control mice. Our results demonstrated that poly(I:C) induced overactivation of differential proinflammatory responses in microglia and astrocytes, which could be strongly enhanced by a postnatal poly(I:C) administration before PND 30 in one part of the animals investigated. Specifically, there was significant iNOS upregulation in hippocampus, cortex and corpus callosum of poly(I:C)-affected off-springs. These inflammatory alterations were accompanied by increased circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). This study provides insight into the role of microglia and astrocytes in an animal model of schizophrenia and an understanding of the regulation of iNOS expression in glial cells and cytokine networks. This knowledge could help identify novel targets for anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory therapeutic schizophrenia intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatef Esshili
- Laboratory of Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Laboratoire de génétique, biodiversité et valorisation des bioressources, Institut supérieur de biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Marie-Pierre Manitz
- Laboratory of Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Laboratory of Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Laboratory of Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Akomolafe SF, Olasehinde TA, Oyeleye SI, Aluko TB, Adewale OO, Ijomone OM. Curcumin Administration Mitigates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Oxidative Damage and Restores Alteration of Enzymes Associated with Cognitive Function in Rats' Brain. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:199-210. [PMID: 32405958 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic drugs is associated with oxidative damage, cognitive dysfunction, and brain damage. This study sought to investigate the neuroprotective effect of curcumin against cognitive problems associated with treatment with cyclophosphamide via assessment of biomolecules associated with cognitive function in rats' brain homogenates. Rats were divided in to five groups: Control (vehicle), CUR (curcumin [20 mg/kg]), CPA (cyclophosphamide [150 mg/kg]), CUR1 + CPA (curcumin [20 mg/kg] and cyclophosphamide [150 mg/kg]), and CPA + CUR2 (cyclophosphamide [150 mg/kg] and curcumin [20 mg/kg]). After the treatment, cognitive behavior was assessed and enzymes [cholinesterases, purinergic enzymes, arginase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme] associated with cognitive function were examined. Oxidative stress parameters [total thiol, non-protein thiol, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide] including the expression of caspase-3 were also assessed in rats' brain. Our results showed that curcumin improved cognitive behavior, attenuated cholinergic deficit as revealed by the inhibition of cholinesterases, and improved purinergic signaling in cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Furthermore, curcumin reduced angiotensin-I-converting enzyme and arginase activities before and after treatment with cyclophosphamide. Curcumin also improved redox balance and showed protection against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative damage to rats' brain via an increase in protein and non-protein thiols and nitric oxide levels as well as a significant reduction in malondialdehyde levels. Curcumin also prevented neuronal degeneration in different brain regions and reduced caspase-3 expression. Hence this study suggests that pre and post-treatment with curcumin improved neurobehavior, modulates some biomarkers associated with cognitive function and exhibit neuroprotection against cyclophosphamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tosin A Olasehinde
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria. .,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Sunday Idowu Oyeleye
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Tola B Aluko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Omowumi O Adewale
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Rahman MM, Chakraborti RR, Potol MA, Abir AH, Sharmin O, Alam M, Khan MFR, Afrin R, Jannat H, Wadud R, Habib ZF. Epalrestat improves motor symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the reserpine induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:9-21. [PMID: 32318655 PMCID: PMC7167235 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting a large number of elderly people worldwide. The current therapies for PD are symptom-based; they do not provide a cure but improve the quality of life. Muscular dysfunction is the hallmark clinical feature of PD and oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in its pathogenesis. Epalrestat is used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and is known to improve antioxidative defense mechanisms in the CNS. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of Epalrestat in the reserpine induced mouse model of PD. METHOD We used Swiss Albino mice for the PD model and tested for akinesia/bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, palpebral ptosis, and tremor, as well as conducting swim and open field tests. Brain samples were used to determine oxidative stress parameters and infiltration of immune cells. RESULTS Epalrestat treatment significantly improved akinesia and bradykinesia, muscular dysfunctions, tremor level, and gait functions compared to the reserpine group. It also improved the latency in the swim test. Eplarestat significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and NO concentration in different brain tissues and increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, Epalrestat reduced neuroinflammation by reducing the number of infiltrating immune cells. CONCLUSION Eplarestat improves muscular dysfunction in PD by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rupali Rani Chakraborti
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Abdullah Potol
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ariful Haque Abir
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ozayra Sharmin
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Fazlur Rahman Khan
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rownock Afrin
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Humayra Jannat
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rasiqh Wadud
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Zaki Farhad Habib
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Gao L, Zhou F, Wang KX, Zhou YZ, Du GH, Qin XM. Baicalein protects PC12 cells from Aβ 25-35-induced cytotoxicity via inhibition of apoptosis and metabolic disorders. Life Sci 2020; 248:117471. [PMID: 32112868 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the protective effects and possible mechanisms of baicalein on Aβ25-35-induced toxicity. MAIN METHODS Thioflavin-T (Th-T) dye was used to determine the effects of baicalein on Aβ25-35 aggregation in vitro. PC12 cells were stimulated with Aβ25-35, then the effects of baicalein on apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial respiratory complex I, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined. Moreover, LC-MS metabolomics approach was used to detect metabolic changes induced by baicalein in Aβ25-35-injured PC12 cells. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that baicalein could inhibit the aggregation of Aβ25-35 in vitro. Furthermore, pretreatment with baicalein significantly prevented Aβ25-35-induced cell apoptosis, as manifested by increasing the levels of MMP, ATP and mitochondrial respiratory complex I, decreasing the contents of ROS and NO. LC-MS metabolomics revealed that baicalein can regulate 5 metabolites, mainly involving two metabolic pathways, arginine and proline metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE Our study revealed that baicalein has a protective effect on Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, which may be related to inhibition of apoptosis and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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Cassol G, Godinho DB, de Zorzi VN, Farinha JB, Della-Pace ID, de Carvalho Gonçalves M, Oliveira MS, Furian AF, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Potential therapeutic implications of ergogenic compounds on pathophysiology induced by traumatic brain injury: A narrative review. Life Sci 2019; 233:116684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Unno K, Furushima D, Hamamoto S, Iguchi K, Yamada H, Morita A, Pervin M, Nakamura Y. Stress-reducing effect of cookies containing matcha green tea: essential ratio among theanine, arginine, caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01653. [PMID: 31111111 PMCID: PMC6512570 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress-reducing effect of matcha, a high-quality fine-powdered green tea, has recently been clarified by animal experiments and clinical trials. However, the effect of matcha added to confectioneries is not clear. One aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between matcha components and their stress-reducing effect in mice that were loaded with territorially-based stress. Adrenal hypertrophy, a marker of stress, was significantly suppressed in stress-loaded mice that had ingested matcha components, displaying a caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate to theanine and arginine (CE/TA) ratio of 2 or less. Another aim was to evaluate, in humans, the stress-reducing effect of matcha in cookies using test-matcha (CE/TA = 1.79) or placebo-matcha (CE/TA = 10.64). Participants, who were fifth year pharmacy college students, consumed 4.5 g of matcha in three pieces of cookie daily for 15 days. Salivary α-amylase activity, a stress marker, was significantly lower in the test-matcha group than in the placebo group. These results indicate that the CE/TA ratio of tea components is a key indicator for the suppression of stress. Moreover, matcha with a CE/TA ratio of 2 or less displays a stress-reducing effect, even if it is included in confectionery products. Such products may also benefit individuals who have no habit of drinking matcha as a beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Unno
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.,Tea Science Center, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Daisuke Furushima
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shingo Hamamoto
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Iguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akio Morita
- Department of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Monira Pervin
- Tea Science Center, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Center, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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Jęśko H, Lukiw WJ, Wilkaniec A, Cieślik M, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Murawska E, Hilgier W, Adamczyk A. Altered Expression of Urea Cycle Enzymes in Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Overexpressing PC12 Cells and in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:279-291. [PMID: 29439324 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Urea cycle enzymes may play important yet poorly characterized roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous results showed that amyloid-β (Aβ) affects urea cycle enzymes in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in arginases, other urea cycle enzymes, and nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) in PC12 cells transfected with AβPP bearing the double 'Swedish' mutation (APPsw, K670M/N671L) and in postmortem sporadic AD brain hippocampus; the mutation intensifies Aβ production and strongly associates with AD neuropathology. mRNA expression was analyzed using real-time PCR in cell cultures and DNA microarrays in hippocampal CA1 area of human AD brains. Arginase activity was measured spectrophotometrically, and arginine, ornithine, and citrulline levels by high-performance liquid chromatography. Our data demonstrated that the expression and activity of arginases (Arg1 and Arg2), as well as the expression of argininosuccinate synthase (Ass) were significantly reduced in APPsw cells compared to control. However, argininosuccinate lyase (Asl) was upregulated in APPsw cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed significant elevation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Nnos) mRNA in APPsw cells, without changes in the endothelial Enos, whereas inducible Inos was undetectable. The changes were found to follow closely those observed in the human hippocampal CA1 region of sporadic AD brains. The changes in enzyme expression were accompanied in APPsw cells by significantly elevated citrulline, ornithine, and arginine. Our findings demonstrate that AβPP/Aβ alters arginine metabolism and induces a shift of cellular homeostasis that may support the oxidative/nitrosative stress observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Emilia Murawska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hilgier
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Nitric Oxide Influences HSV-1-Induced Neuroinflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2302835. [PMID: 30886672 PMCID: PMC6388346 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2302835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has the ability to replicate in neurons and glial cells and to produce encephalitis leading to neurodegeneration. Accumulated evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of neurotropic virus infections. NO can exert both cytoprotective as well as cytotoxic effects in the central nervous system (CNS) depending on its concentration, time course exposure, and site of action. In this study, we used an in vitro model of HSV-1-infected primary neuronal and mixed glial cultures as well as an intranasal model of HSV-1 in BALB/c mice to elucidate the role of NO and nonapoptotic Fas signalling in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We found that low, nontoxic concentration of NO decreased HSV-1 replication in neuronal cultures together with production of IFN-alpha and proinflammatory chemokines. However, in HSV-1-infected glial cultures, low concentrations of NO supported virus replication and production of IFN-alpha and proinflammatory chemokines. HSV-1-infected microglia downregulated Fas expression and upregulated its ligand, FasL. Fas signalling led to production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as induced iNOS in uninfected bystander glial cells. On the contrary, NO reduced production of IFN-alpha and CXCL10 through nonapoptotic Fas signalling in HSV-1-infected neuronal cultures. Here, we also observed colocalization of NO production with the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide in HSV-1-infected neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Low levels of the NO donor increased accumulation of β-amyloid in uninfected primary neuronal cultures, while the NO inhibitor decreased its accumulation in HSV-1-infected neuronal cultures. This study shows for the first time the existence of a link between NO and Fas signalling during HSV-1-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Marchetti DP, Steffens L, Jacques CE, Guerreiro GB, Mescka CP, Deon M, de Coelho DM, Moura DJ, Viario AG, Poletto F, Coitinho AS, Jardim LB, Vargas CR. Oxidative Imbalance, Nitrative Stress, and Inflammation in C6 Glial Cells Exposed to Hexacosanoic Acid: Protective Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, Trolox, and Rosuvastatin. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1505-1516. [PMID: 30302628 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited neurometabolic disorder caused by disfunction of the ABCD1 gene, which encodes a peroxisomal protein responsible for the transport of the very long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol into the peroxisome, to undergo β-oxidation. The mainly accumulated saturated fatty acids are hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) and tetracosanoic acid (C24:0) in tissues and body fluids. This peroxisomal disorder occurs in at least 1 out of 20,000 births. Considering that pathophysiology of this disease is not well characterized yet, and glial cells are widely used in studies of protective mechanisms against neuronal oxidative stress, we investigated oxidative damages and inflammatory effects of vesicles containing lecithin and C26:0, as well as the protection conferred by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), trolox (TRO), and rosuvastatin (RSV) was assessed. It was verified that glial cells exposed to C26:0 presented oxidative DNA damage (measured by comet assay and endonuclease III repair enzyme), enzymatic oxidative imbalance (high catalase activity), nitrative stress [increased nitric oxide (NO) levels], inflammation [high Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) levels], and induced lipid peroxidation (increased isoprostane levels) compared to native glial cells without C26:0 exposure. Furthermore, NAC, TRO, and RSV were capable to mitigate some damages caused by the C26:0 in glial cells. The present work yields experimental evidence that inflammation, oxidative, and nitrative stress may be induced by hexacosanoic acid, the main accumulated metabolite in X-ALD, and that antioxidants might be considered as an adjuvant therapy for this severe neurometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirèe Padilha Marchetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90.035-003, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Steffens
- Universidade Federal de Ciências de Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Jacques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gilian B Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline P Mescka
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Marion Deon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniella M de Coelho
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Dinara J Moura
- Universidade Federal de Ciências de Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil
| | - Alice G Viario
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, P.BOX 15003, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Poletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, P.BOX 15003, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Adriana S Coitinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Laura B Jardim
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carmen R Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90.035-003, Brazil.
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Lan M, Tang X, Zhang J, Yao Z. Insights in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: nitric oxide may induce mitochondrial dysfunction of oligodendrocytes. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:39-53. [PMID: 28822986 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are kinds of common diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), and originated from myelin loss and axonal damage. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction is the direct reason of demyelinating lesions in the CNS. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the pathological process of demyelinating diseases. Although the neurotoxicity of NO is more likely mediated by peroxynitrite rather than NO itself, NO can impair oligodendrocyte energy metabolism through mediating the damaging of mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial membrane and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. In the progression of MS, NO can mainly mediate demyelination, axonal degeneration and cell death. Hence, in this review, we extensively discuss endangerments of NO in oligodendrocytes (OLs), which is suggested to be the main mediator in demyelinating diseases, e.g. MS. We hypothesize that NO takes part in MS through impairing the function of monocarboxylate transporter 1, especially causing axonal degeneration. Then, it further provides a new insight that NO for OLs may be a reliable therapeutic target to ameliorate the course of demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Lan
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoyi Tang
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhongxiang Yao
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Zhang YY, Zhang Y, Yao YB, Lei XL, Qian ZJ. Butyrolactone-I from Coral-Derived Fungus Aspergillus terreus Attenuates Neuro-Inflammatory Response via Suppression of NF-κB Pathway in BV-2 Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E202. [PMID: 29880753 PMCID: PMC6025369 DOI: 10.3390/md16060202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrolactone-I (ZB5-1) from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus was investigated in this study to estimate its anti-neuroinflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglia cells. MTT assay indicated that ZB5-1 in tested concentrations had no cytotoxicity on BV-2 cells, and significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), measured using Griess reagent, and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ZB5-1 also down-regulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a dose-dependent manner by Western blot analysis. Moreover, the effect of ZB5-1 on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway was studied via the expression of phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 respectively. The results showed that ZB5-1 could inhibit the phosphorylation of p65 and IκB. Furthermore, molecular docking study suggested that ZB5-1 bound at the active sites of NF-κB to prevent its translocation to the nucleus. Therefore, we suggest ZB5-1 has a potential to reduce the anti-inflammatory response in LPS-induced BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.
| | - Yuan-Bei Yao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Lei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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42
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Unno K, Yamada H, Iguchi K, Ishida H, Iwao Y, Morita A, Nakamura Y. Anti-stress Effect of Green Tea with Lowered Caffeine on Humans: A Pilot Study. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:902-909. [PMID: 28566632 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Theanine, an amino acid in tea, has significant anti-stress effects on animals and humans. However, the effect of theanine was blocked by caffeine and gallate-type catechins, which are the main components in tea. We examined the anti-stress effect of green tea with lowered caffeine, low-caffeine green tea, on humans. The study design was a single-blind group comparison and participants (n=20) were randomly assigned to low-caffeine or placebo tea groups. These teas (≥500 mL/d), which were eluted with room temperature water, were taken from 1 week prior to pharmacy practice and continued for 10 d in the practice period. The participants ingested theanine (ca. 15 mg/d) in low-caffeine green tea. To assess the anxiety of participants, the state-trait anxiety inventory test was used before pharmacy practice. The subjective stress of students was significantly lower in the low-caffeine-group than in the placebo-group during pharmacy practice. The level of salivary α-amylase activity, a stress marker, increased significantly after daily pharmacy practice in the placebo-group but not in the low-caffeine-group. These results suggested that the ingestion of low-caffeine green tea suppressed the excessive stress response of students. This study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (ID No. UMIN14942).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Unno
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kazuaki Iguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hitoshi Ishida
- Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yasunori Iwao
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Akio Morita
- Department of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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43
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Panthi S, Manandhar S, Gautam K. Hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, and neurodegenerative disorders. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:3. [PMID: 29456842 PMCID: PMC5810063 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Nitric Oxide (NO) have become recognized as important gaseous signaling molecules with enormous pharmacological effects, therapeutic value, and central physiological roles. NO is one of the most important regulators of the pathophysiological condition in central nervous system (CNS). It is critical in the various functioning of the brain; however, beyond certain concentration/level, it is toxic. H2S was regarded as toxic gas with the smell like rotten egg. But, it is now regarded as emerging neuroprotectant and neuromodulator. Recently, the use of donors and inhibitors of these signaling molecules have helped us to identify their accurate and precise biological effects. The most abundant neurotransmitter of CNS (glutamate) is the initiator of the reaction that forms NO, and H2S is highly expressed in brain. These molecules are shedding light on the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. This review is mainly focused on the importance of H2S and NO for normal functioning of CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh Panthi
- Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Kripa Gautam
- China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Mirmiran P, Moghadam SK, Bahadoran Z, Ghasemi A, Azizi F. Dietary L-Arginine Intakes and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A 6-Year Follow-Up in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2017; 22:263-270. [PMID: 29333377 PMCID: PMC5758088 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether regular dietary intake of L-arginine could affect the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Eligible adult men and women (n=1,237), who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, were followed for a median of 6.3 years. Dietary intakes of L-arginine and serum nitrate and nitrite (NOx) concentration were assessed at baseline (2006~2008), and demographics, anthropometrics, and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and follow-up examinations. The occurrence of MetS was assessed in relation to total L-arginine, intakes of L-arginine from animal and plant sources, with adjustment of potential confounding variables. Participants who had higher intake of L-arginine also had higher serum NOx at baseline (35.0 vs. 30.5 μmol/L, P<0.05). After 6 years of follow-up, higher intakes of L-arginine from animal sources were accompanied with increased risk of MetS [odd ratios (OR)=1.49, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.02~2.18]. Compared to the lowest, the highest intakes of L-arginine from plant sources were related to significantly reduced risk of MetS (OR=0.58, 95% CI=0.32~0.99). In conclusion, our findings suggest a potentially protective effect of plant derived L-arginine intakes against development of MetS and its phenotypes; moreover, higher intakes of L-arginine from animal sources could be a dietary risk factor for development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Sajjad Khalili Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
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Kori M, Aydın B, Unal S, Arga KY, Kazan D. Metabolic Biomarkers and Neurodegeneration: A Pathway Enrichment Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 20:645-661. [PMID: 27828769 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lack robust diagnostics and prognostic biomarkers. Metabolomics is a postgenomics field that offers fresh insights for biomarkers of common complex as well as rare diseases. Using data on metabolite-disease associations published in the previous decade (2006-2016) in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, we identified 101 metabolites as putative biomarkers for these three neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, uric acid, choline, creatine, L-glutamine, alanine, creatinine, and N-acetyl-L-aspartate were the shared metabolite signatures among the three diseases. The disease-metabolite-pathway associations pointed out the importance of membrane transport (through ATP binding cassette transporters), particularly of arginine and proline amino acids in all three neurodegenerative diseases. When disease-specific and common metabolic pathways were queried by using the pathway enrichment analyses, we found that alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and purine metabolism might act as alternative pathways to overcome inadequate glucose supply and energy crisis in neurodegeneration. These observations underscore the importance of metabolite-based biomarker research in deciphering the elusive pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Future research investments in metabolomics of complex diseases might provide new insights on AD, PD, and ALS that continue to place a significant burden on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medi Kori
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Aydın
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Unal
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kazan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
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Increased GSNOR Expression during Aging Impairs Cognitive Function and Decreases S-Nitrosation of CaMKIIα. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9741-9758. [PMID: 28883020 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0681-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, an increasing number of people suffer from age-related cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here, we found that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), the key enzyme that metabolizes intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and regulates S-nitrosation, was significantly increased in the hippocampus of both aging humans and mice. Transgenic mice overexpressing GSNOR exclusively in neurons showed cognitive impairment in behavioral tests, including the Morris water maze, fear conditioning, and the Y-maze test. We also found that GSNOR transgenic mice have LTP defects and lower dendrite spine density, whereas GSNOR knock-out mice rescued the age-related cognitive impairment. Analysis of S-nitrosation showed significantly decreased hippocampal CaMKIIα S-nitrosation in naturally aged mice and GSNOR transgenic mice. Consistent with the change in CaMKIIα S-nitrosation, the accumulation of CaMKIIα in the hippocampal synaptosomal fraction, as well as its downstream signaling targets p(S831)-GLUR1, was also significantly decreased. All these effects could be rescued in the GSNOR knock-out mice. We further verified that the S-nitrosation of CaMKIIα was responsible for the CaMKIIα synaptosomal accumulation by mutating CaMKIIα S-nitrosated sites (C280/C289). Upregulation of the NO signaling pathway rescued the cognitive impairment in GSNOR transgenic mice. In summary, our research demonstrates that GSNOR impairs cognitive function in aging and it could serve as a new potential target for the treatment of age-related cognitive impairment. In contrast to the free radical theory of aging, NO signaling deficiency may be the main mediator of age-related cognitive impairment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study indicated that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a key protein S-nitrosation metabolic enzyme, is a new potential target in age-related cognitive impairment; and in contrast to the free radical theory of aging, NO signaling deficiency may be the main cause of this process. In addition, increased GSNOR expression during aging decreases S-nitrosation of CaMKIIα and reduces CaMKIIα synaptosomal accumulation. To our knowledge, it is for the first time to show the cellular function regulation of CaMKIIα by GSNOR-dependent S-nitrosation as a new post-translational modification after its phosphorylation was explored. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism of age-related cognitive impairment and may provide a new potential target and strategy for slowing down this process.
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Unno K, Noda S, Kawasaki Y, Yamada H, Morita A, Iguchi K, Nakamura Y. Ingestion of green tea with lowered caffeine improves sleep quality of the elderly via suppression of stress. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 61:210-216. [PMID: 29203963 PMCID: PMC5703787 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated that ingestion of green tea enhances healthy life. However, caffeine in green tea can interfere with sleep. In this report, we examined the effect of green tea with lowered caffeine, low-caffeine green tea, on stress and sleep of the elderly. The participants (n = 10, mean age 89.3 ± 4.2 years) drank five cups/day of standard green tea for 1 week. Subsequently, they drank five cups/day of low-caffeine green tea for 2 weeks. Salivary α-amylase activity (sAA) was measured as a stress marker. Sleep stages were measured using a portable electroencephalography (n = 7, 6 female and 1 male). The level of sAA in the morning (sAAm) was significantly lower when the participants drank low-caffeine green tea than standard green tea. While the levels of sAAm were different among individuals, lower sAAm correlated with a higher quality of sleep. In those participants whose sAAm was lowered by the ingestion of low-caffeine green tea, some sleep parameters improved. Daily ingestion of low-caffeine green tea may be a beneficial tool for improving the quality of sleep of the elderly via the suppression of stress, although further research is required to fortify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Unno
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.,Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shigenori Noda
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Division of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akio Morita
- Department of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Iguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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48
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Silva H, Balthazar C, Esmerino E, Vieira A, Cappato L, Neto R, Verruck S, Cavalcanti R, Portela J, Andrade M, Moraes J, Franco R, Tavares M, Prudencio E, Freitas M, Nascimento J, Silva M, Raices R, Cruz A. Effect of sodium reduction and flavor enhancer addition on probiotic Prato cheese processing. Food Res Int 2017; 99:247-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Salehpour M, Khodagholi F, Zeinaddini Meymand A, Nourshahi M, Ashabi G. Exercise training with concomitant nitric oxide synthase inhibition improved anxiogenic behavior, spatial cognition, and BDNF/P70S6 kinase activation in 20-month-old rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:45-53. [PMID: 28854337 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on memory, anxiety, and protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and P70S6 kinase (P70S6K). Twenty-month-old rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group, 2 groups treated with l-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (25 or 100 mg/kg) for 63 days, 2 groups treated with L-NAME (25 or 100 mg/kg) for 63 days plus 2 months of exercise, and 1 group treated with exercise. Behavioral tests were conducted to determine the anxiolytic and memory-improving role of exercise and NOS inhibition. BDNF, P70S6K, and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were evaluated by Western blotting. Exercise and L-NAME (25 mg/kg) or their combination had an anxiolytic effect and improved spatial memory in old rats compared with the control or exercised group, respectively. Exercise and treatment with a low dose of L-NAME (25 mg/kg) each increased BDNF and P70S6K in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex compared with levels in control rats. In comparison with exercise alone, co-treatment with exercise and a low dose of L-NAME (25 mg/kg) also increased BDNF and P70S6K in the hippocampus. The neuronal level of cleaved caspase-3 was reduced in the L-NAME (25 mg/kg) + exercise group compared with the exercised group. The L-NAME (100 mg/kg) + exercise treatment had no positive behavioral or molecular effects compared with exercise alone. The protective role of NOS inhibition and aerobic exercise against aging is probably modulated via BDNF and P70S6K in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Salehpour
- a Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, PO box 16875-163, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- b NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Zeinaddini Meymand
- c Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nourshahi
- d Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, PO box 19839-6113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- e Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO box 141761-3151, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Endothelin-1 Induces Degeneration of Cultured Motor Neurons Through a Mechanism Mediated by Nitric Oxide and PI3K/Akt Pathway. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:58-70. [PMID: 28285347 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoactive peptide produced by activated astrocytes and microglia and is implicated in initiating and sustaining reactive gliosis in neurodegenerative diseases. We have previously suggested that ET-1 can play a role in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Indeed, we reported that this peptide is abundantly expressed in reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord of SOD1-G93A mice and ALS patients and exerts a toxic effect on motor neurons (MNs) in an in vitro model of mixed spinal cord cultures enriched with reactive astrocytes. Here, we explored the possible mechanisms underlying the toxic effect of ET-1 on cultured MNs. We show that ET-1 toxicity is not directly caused by oxidative stress or activation of cyclooxygenase-2 but requires the synthesis of nitric oxide and is mediated by a reduced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Furthermore, we observed that ET-1 is also toxic for microglia, although its effect on MNs is independent of the presence of this type of glial cells. Our study confirms that ET-1 may contribute to MN death and corroborates the view that the modulation of ET-1 signaling might be a therapeutic strategy to slow down MN degeneration in ALS.
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