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Wang J, Tang X, Liu F, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Chen W, Cui S. Sources, metabolism, health benefits and future development of saponins from plants. Food Res Int 2024; 197:115226. [PMID: 39593311 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Saponins are a class of glycoside compounds whose aglycones are triterpenoids or spirostanes, widely exist in a variety of Chinese herbs. Saponins are one of the important active components of medicinal plants and have a wide range of bioactivities. In order to promote the better development and utilization of saponins, the process of digestion, absorption and metabolism of saponins in vivo was reviewed in this paper. At the same time, the main bioactivities of common saponins and their potential mechanisms for alleviating diseases were summarized. Finally, the potential of saponins as functional food has been pointed out, and microbial transformation can make saponins better play this potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang H, Kang R, Song T, Ren F, Liu J, Wang J. Advances in relieving exercise fatigue for curcumin: Molecular targets, bioavailability, and potential mechanism. J Food Sci 2024; 89:4604-4619. [PMID: 39031649 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Intense and prolonged physical activity can lead to a decrease in muscle capacity, making it difficult to maintain the desired exercise intensity and resulting in exercise fatigue. The long-term effects of exercise fatigue can be very damaging to the body, so it is an urgent problem to be addressed. The intervention of foodborne active substances will be an effective measure. There is growing evidence that the molecular structure and function of curcumin have a positive effect on relieving fatigue. In this review, we summarize curcumin's molecular structure, which enables it to bind to a wealth of molecular targets, regulate signaling pathways, and thus alleviate exercise fatigue through a variety of mechanisms, including reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation, reducing metabolite accumulation, and regulating energy metabolism. The effects of curcumin on fatigue-related markers were analyzed from the perspective of animal models and human models and based on the bidirectional interaction between curcumin and intestinal microbiota: Intestinal microbiota can transform curcumin, and curcumin regulates gut microbiota through metabolic pathways, providing a new perspective for alleviating fatigue. This review contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the possible molecular mechanisms of curcumin in anti-fatigue and provides a new possibility for the development of functional foods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible By-Products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Kang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible By-Products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Tiancong Song
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible By-Products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyue Ren
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible By-Products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible By-Products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible By-Products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
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Wiącek J, Podgórski T, Kusy K, Łoniewski I, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Karolkiewicz J. Evaluating the Impact of Probiotic Therapy on the Endocannabinoid System, Pain, Sleep and Fatigue: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Dancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5611. [PMID: 38891799 PMCID: PMC11171887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging research links the endocannabinoid system to gut microbiota, influencing nociception, mood, and immunity, yet the molecular interactions remain unclear. This study focused on the effects of probiotics on ECS markers-cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-in dancers, a group selected due to their high exposure to physical and psychological stress. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05567653), 15 dancers were assigned to receive either a 12-week regimen of Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell-52 and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-17 or a placebo (PLA: n = 10, PRO: n = 5). There were no significant changes in CB2 (probiotic: 0.55 to 0.29 ng/mL; placebo: 0.86 to 0.72 ng/mL) or FAAH levels (probiotic: 5.93 to 6.02 ng/mL; placebo: 6.46 to 6.94 ng/mL; p > 0.05). A trend toward improved sleep quality was observed in the probiotic group, while the placebo group showed a decline (PRO: from 1.4 to 1.0; PLA: from 0.8 to 1.2; p = 0.07841). No other differences were noted in assessed outcomes (pain and fatigue). Probiotic supplementation showed no significant impact on CB2 or FAAH levels, pain, or fatigue but suggested potential benefits for sleep quality, suggesting an area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wiącek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (I.Ł.); (K.S.-Ż.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (I.Ł.); (K.S.-Ż.)
| | - Joanna Karolkiewicz
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
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Xu X, Shan M, Chu C, Bie S, Wang H, Cai S. Polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl ameliorated fatigue by regulating NRF2/HO-1/NQO1 and AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathways, and gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131440. [PMID: 38593898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Polygonatum kingianum Coll & Hemsl is an important Chinese medicine used for enhancing physical function and anti-fatigue, and polysaccharides (PKPs) are considered as the main bioactive components. However, the mechanisms through which PKPs exert their anti-fatigue effects are not fully understood. This study aimed more comprehensively to explore the anti-fatigue mechanisms of PKPs, focusing on metabolism, protein expression, and gut flora, by using exhaustive swimming experiments in mice. Results showed a significant increase in the exhaustive swimming time of the mice treated with PKPs, especially in the high-dose group (200 mg/kg/day). Further studies showed that PKPs remarkably improves several fatigue-related physiological indices. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that PKPs increased antioxidant bacteria (e.g., g_norank_f_Muribaculaceae) and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), while reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., g_Escherichia-Shigella and g_Helicobacter). PKPs also mitigated oxidative stress through activating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and promoted energy metabolism by upregulating the expression of AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway proteins. This research may offer theoretical support for incorporating PKPs as a novel dietary supplement in functional foods targeting anti-fatigue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Xu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Meimei Shan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenke Bie
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Shi C, Liang Z, Li T, Hao Q, Xiang H, Xie Q. Metabolome and microbiome analyses of the anti-fatigue mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves. Food Funct 2024; 15:3791-3809. [PMID: 38511300 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05311c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Acanthopanax senticosus leaves, widely used as a vegetable and tea, are reported to be beneficial in treating neurological disorders. At present, their anti-fatigue effect remains to be established. In this study, we analyzed the composition of the extracts from A. senticosus leaves and confirmed their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties at the cellular level. In mice subjected to exhaustive running on a treadmill, supplementation with A. senticosus leaf extracts enhanced exercise performance and alleviated fatigue via the reversal of exercise-induced 5-HT elevation, metabolic waste accumulation, organ damage, and glucose metabolism-related gene expression. The collective findings from microbiome and metabolomic analyses indicate that A. senticosus leaf extracts increase α-diversity, regulate microbial composition, and reverse exercise-mediated disruption of carbohydrate, creatine, amino acid, and trimethylamine metabolism. This study provides preliminary evidence for the utility of A. senticosus leaves as a promising anti-fatigue food and offers insights into the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qi Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong 134504, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong 134504, P.R. China
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Huang S, Sun H, Lin D, Huang X, Chen R, Li M, Huang J, Guo F. Camellia oil exhibits anti-fatigue property by modulating antioxidant capacity, muscle fiber, and gut microbial composition in mice. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2465-2481. [PMID: 38380680 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Camellia seed oil (CO) has high nutritional value and multiple bioactivities. However, the specific anti-fatigue characteristics and the implied mechanism of CO have not yet been fully elucidated. Throughout this investigation, male C57BL/6J mice, aged 8 weeks, underwent exhaustive exercise with or without CO pretreatment (2, 4, and 6 mL/kg BW) for 28 days. CO could extend the rota-rod and running time, reduce blood urea nitrogen levels and serum lactic acid, and increase muscle and hepatic glycogen, adenosine triphosphate, and anti-oxidative indicators. Additionally, CO could upregulate the mRNA and Nrf2 protein expression levels, as well as enhance the levels of its downstream antioxidant enzymes and induce the myofiber-type transformation from fast to slow and attenuate the gut mechanical barrier. Moreover, CO could ameliorate gut dysbiosis by reducing Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level, increasing the percentage of Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Lactobacillus, and Muribaculaceae, and decreasing the proportion of Dubosiella at the genus level. In addition, specific bacterial taxa, which were altered by CO, showed a significant correlation with partial fatigue-related parameters. These findings suggest that CO may alleviate fatigue by regulating antioxidant capacity, muscle fiber transformation, gut mechanical barrier, and gut microbial composition in mice. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our study revealed that camellia seed oil (CO) could ameliorate exercise-induced fatigue in mice by modulating antioxidant capacity, muscle fiber, and gut microbial composition in mice. Our results promote the application of CO as an anti-fatigue functional food that targets oxidative stress, myofiber-type transformation, and microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The Affiliated Quanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dai Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinjue Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruiran Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minli Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jialing Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Wang C, Zhu H, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Qian H. Aqueous Extract of Brassica rapa L.'s Impact on Modulating Exercise-Induced Fatigue via Gut-Muscle Axis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4737. [PMID: 38004133 PMCID: PMC10674577 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced fatigue is a common physiological response to prolonged physical activity, often associated with changes in gut microbiota and metabolic responses. This study investigates the potential role of Brassica rapa L. in modulating these responses. Using an animal model subjected to chronic exercise-induced stress, we explored the effects of Brassica rapa L. on fatigue-related biomarkers, energy metabolism genes, inflammatory responses, intestinal integrity, and gut microbiota composition. Our findings revealed that Brassica rapa L. exhibits significant antioxidant activity and effectively modulates physiological responses to fatigue. It influences gene expression related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in muscle tissue through the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway. Furthermore, Brassica rapa L. has been found to alleviate inflammation by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection and suppressing the activation of the NF-κB pathway. It also maintains intestinal integrity and controls Gram-negative bacterial growth. A correlation analysis identified several pathogenic bacteria linked with inflammation and energy metabolism, as well as beneficial probiotic bacteria associated with improved energy metabolism and reduced inflammation. These findings underscore Brassica rapa L.'s potential for managing prolonged exercise-induced fatigue, paving the way for future therapeutic applications. The results highlight its impact on gut microbiota modulation and its role in nutrition science and sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongkang Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Zhou Y, Chu Z, Luo Y, Yang F, Cao F, Luo F, Lin Q. Dietary Polysaccharides Exert Anti-Fatigue Functions via the Gut-Muscle Axis: Advances and Prospectives. Foods 2023; 12:3083. [PMID: 37628082 PMCID: PMC10453516 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to today's fast-paced lifestyle, most people are in a state of sub-health and face "unexplained fatigue", which can seriously affect their health, work efficiency, and quality of life. Fatigue is also a common symptom of several serious diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, cancer, etc. However, the contributing mechanisms are not clear, and there are currently no official recommendations for the treatment of fatigue. Some dietary polysaccharides are often used as health care supplements; these have been reported to have specific anti-fatigue effects, with minor side effects and rich pharmacological activities. Dietary polysaccharides can be activated during food processing or during gastrointestinal transit, exerting unique effects. This review aims to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the latest advances in the biological processes of exercise-induced fatigue, to understand dietary polysaccharides and their possible molecular mechanisms in alleviating exercise-induced fatigue, and to systematically elaborate the roles of gut microbiota and the gut-muscle axis in this process. From the perspective of the gut-muscle axis, investigating the relationship between polysaccharides and fatigue will enhance our understanding of fatigue and may lead to a significant breakthrough regarding the molecular mechanism of fatigue. This paper will provide new perspectives for further research into the use of polysaccharides in food science and food nutrition, which could help develop potential anti-fatigue agents and open up novel therapies for sub-health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (F.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Zhongxing Chu
- National Engineering Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (F.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Feiyan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (F.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (F.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (F.Y.); (F.L.)
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Xie L, Zhang X, Gao X, Wang L, Cheng Y, Zhang S, Yue J, Tang Y, Deng Y, Zhang B, He X, Tang M, Yang H, Zheng T, You J, Song X, Xiong J, Zuo H, Pei X. Microbiota and mycobiota in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of silicosis patients. J Occup Med Toxicol 2023; 18:10. [PMID: 37430310 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-023-00377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) microbiota and mycobiota to silicosis has recently been noticed. However, many confounding factors can influence the accuracy of BALF microbiota and mycobiota studies, resulting in inconsistencies in the published results. In this cross-sectional study, we systematically investigated the effects of "sampling in different rounds of BALF" on its microbiota and mycobiota. We further explored the relationship between silicosis fatigue and the microbiota and mycobiota. METHODS After obtaining approval from the ethics board, we collected 100 BALF samples from 10 patients with silicosis. Demographic data, clinical information, and blood test results were also collected from each patient. The characteristics of the microbiota and mycobiota were defined using next-generation sequencing. However, no non-silicosis referent group was examined, which was a major limitation of this study. RESULTS Our analysis indicated that subsampling from different rounds of BALF did not affect the alpha- and beta-diversities of microbial and fungal communities when the centrifuged BALF sediment was sufficient for DNA extraction. In contrast, fatigue status significantly influenced the beta-diversity of microbes and fungi (Principal Coordinates Analysis, P = 0.001; P = 0.002). The abundance of Vibrio alone could distinguish silicosis patients with fatigue from those without fatigue (area under the curve = 0.938, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.870-1.000). Significant correlations were found between Vibrio and haemoglobin levels (P < 0.001, ρ = -0.64). CONCLUSIONS Sampling in different rounds of BALF showed minimal effect on BALF microbial and fungal diversities; the first round of BALF collection was recommended for microbial and fungal analyses for convenience. In addition, Vibrio may be a potential biomarker for silicosis fatigue screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaosi Gao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Linyao Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yiyang Cheng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ji Yue
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingru Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yufeng Deng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Baochao Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingyuan Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hua Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tianli Zheng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia You
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Haojiang Zuo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaofang Pei
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
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10
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Luo C, Wei X, Song J, Xu X, Huang H, Fan S, Zhang D, Han L, Lin J. Interactions between Gut Microbiota and Polyphenols: New Insights into the Treatment of Fatigue. Molecules 2022; 27:7377. [PMID: 36364203 PMCID: PMC9653952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue seriously affects people's work efficiency and quality of life and has become a common health problem in modern societies around the world. The pathophysiology of fatigue is complex and not fully clear. To some degree, interactions between gut microbiota and host may be the cause of fatigue progression. Polyphenols such as tannin, tea polyphenols, curcumin, and soybean isoflavones relieve fatigue significantly. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is able to convert these active compounds into more active metabolites through intestinal fermentation. However, the mechanism of anti-fatigue polyphenols is currently mainly analyzed from the perspective of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and changes in gut microbiota are rarely considered. This review focuses on gut microecology and systematically summarizes the latest theoretical and research findings on the interaction of gut microbiota, fatigue, and polyphenols. First, we outline the relationship between gut microbiota and fatigue, including changes in the gut microbiota during fatigue and how they interact with the host. Next, we describe the interactions between the gut microbiota and polyphenols in fatigue treatment (regulation of the gut microbiota by polyphenols and metabolism of polyphenols by the gut microbiota), and how the importance of potential active metabolites (such as urolithin) produced by the decomposition of polyphenols by gut microbiota is emerging. Based on the new perspective of gut microbiota, this review provides interesting insights into the mechanism of polyphenols in fatigue treatment and clarifies the potential of polyphenols as targets for anti-fatigue product development, aiming to provide a useful basis for further research and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xichuan Wei
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Jiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haozhou Huang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sichuan Huamei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
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11
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Sturgeon Chondroitin Sulfate Restores the Balance of Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Bearing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073723. [PMID: 35409083 PMCID: PMC9040715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a well-known bioactive substance with multiple biological functions, which can be extracted from animal cartilage or bone. Sturgeon, the largest soft bone animal with ~20% cartilage content, is a great candidate for CS production. Our recent study confirmed the role of sturgeon chondroitin sulfate (SCS) in reducing colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation. Here, we further studied the effect of SCS on modulating gut microbiome structure in colorectal cancer bearing mice. In this study, the transplanted tumor mice model was constructed to demonstrate that SCS can effectively halt the growth of transplanted colorectal tumor cells. Next, we showed that SCS significantly altered the gut microbiome, such as the abundance of Lactobacillales, Gastranaerophilales, Ruminiclostridiun_5 and Ruminiclostridiun_6. According to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and abundance map analysis of the microbial metabolic pathways, the changes in microbial abundance led to an increase of certain metabolites (e.g., Phe, Tyr, and Gly). Fecal metabolome results demonstrated that SCS can significantly reduce the amount of certain amino acids such as Phe, Pro, Ala, Tyr and Leu presented in the feces, suggesting that SCS might inhibit colorectal cancer growth by modulating the gut microbiome and altering the production of certain amino acids. Our results revealed the therapeutic potential of SCS to facilitate treatment of colorectal cancer. This study provides insights into the development of novel food-derived therapies for colorectal cancer.
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