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Nielsen MH, Nielsen PR, Bzorek M, Eriksen JO, Wehkamp U, Lindahl LM, Woetmann A, Ødum N, Litman T, Gjerdrum LMR. Stage-related increase in PIM2 expression in mycosis fungoides. APMIS 2024; 132:564-570. [PMID: 38757234 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The oncogene PIM2 is upregulated in several malignancies but has never been investigated in mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). PIM2 is a well-known oncogene and is regulated by cell signaling pathways like the JAK/STAT- and NF-kB-pathway, key regulators in the pathogenesis of CTCL. The aim of this study was to examine the role of PIM2 in MF. PIM2 gene expression was measured in 81 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin biopsies from patients with MF and 46 control biopsies from healthy skin (HS) and benign inflammatory skin disease (BID). Validation of PIM2 protein expression was performed on selected biopsies with immunohistochemical staining. We found a significant difference in gene expression levels between both early stage MF and HS (p < 0.0001), and BID (p < 0.0001). In addition, the PIM2 gene expression was higher in advanced-stage MF compared to early stage disease (p = 0.0001). No significant difference in gene expression levels was found between patients with and without disease progression. In conclusion, we found PIM2 expression is significantly increased in MF compared to controls, and in advanced-stage MF compared to early stage MF. These findings could potentially have diagnostic value in discriminating early stage MF from BID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Holm Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Pia Rude Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Bzorek
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Wehkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | | | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Atalay P, Ozpolat B. PIM3 Kinase: A Promising Novel Target in Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:535. [PMID: 38339286 PMCID: PMC10854964 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PIM3 (provirus-integrating Moloney site 3) is a serine/threonine kinase and belongs to the PIM family (PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3). PIM3 is a proto-oncogene that is frequently overexpressed in cancers originating from endoderm-derived tissues, such as the liver, pancreas, colon, stomach, prostate, and breast cancer. PIM3 plays a critical role in activating multiple oncogenic signaling pathways promoting cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, tumor growth, metastasis, and progression, as well as chemo- and radiation therapy resistance and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Genetic inhibition of PIM3 expression suppresses in vitro cell proliferation and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis in mice with solid cancers, indicating that PIM3 is a potential therapeutic target. Although several pan-PIM inhibitors entered phase I clinical trials in hematological cancers, there are currently no FDA-approved inhibitors for the treatment of patients. This review provides an overview of recent developments and insights into the role of PIM3 in various cancers and its potential as a novel molecular target for cancer therapy. We also discuss the current status of PIM-targeted therapies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Atalay
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Methodist Neil Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Patel MR, Donnellan W, Byrne M, Asch AS, Zeidan AM, Baer MR, Fathi AT, Kuykendall AT, Zheng F, Walker C, Cheng L, Marando C, Savona MR. Phase 1/2 Study of the Pan-PIM Kinase Inhibitor INCB053914 Alone or in Combination With Standard-of-Care Agents in Patients With Advanced Hematologic Malignancies. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:674-686. [PMID: 37290996 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Proviral Integration site of Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are implicated in tumorigenesis; the pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, INCB053914, demonstrated antitumor activity in hematologic malignancy preclinical models. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase 1/2 study evaluated oral INCB053914 alone or combined with standard-of-care agents for advanced hematologic malignancies (NCT02587598). In Parts 1/2 (monotherapy), patients (≥18 years) had acute leukemia, high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasm, myelofibrosis (MF), multiple myeloma, or lymphoproliferative neoplasms. In Parts 3/4 (combination therapy), patients had relapsed/refractory or newly diagnosed (≥65 years, unfit for intensive chemotherapy) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or MF with suboptimal ruxolitinib response. RESULTS Parts 1/2 (n = 58): 6 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), most commonly aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase-elevated (AST/ALT; each n = 4). Fifty-seven patients (98.3%) had treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), most commonly ALT-elevated and fatigue (36.2% each); 48 (82.8%) had grade ≥3 TEAEs, most commonly anemia (31.0%); 8 (13.8%) had grade ≥3 ALT/AST-elevated TEAEs. Parts 3/4 (n = 39): for INCB053914 + cytarabine (AML; n = 6), 2 patients experienced DLTs (grade 3 maculopapular rash, n = 1; grade 3 ALT-elevated and grade 4 hypophosphatemia, n = 1); for INCB053914 + azacitidine (AML; n = 16), 1 patient experienced a DLT (grade 3 maculopapular rash). Two complete responses were observed (1 with incomplete count recovery). For INCB053914 + ruxolitinib (MF; n = 17), no DLTs occurred; 3 patients achieved best reduction of >25% spleen volume at week 12 or 24. CONCLUSION INCB053914 was generally well tolerated as monotherapy and in combinations; TEAEs were most commonly ALT/AST-elevated. Limited responses were observed with combinations. Future studies are needed to identify rational, effective combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish R Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, FL.
| | | | - Michael Byrne
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Adam S Asch
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Yale University and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Maria R Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amir T Fathi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael R Savona
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Wang C, Chen Q, Luo H, Chen R. Role and mechanism of PIM family in the immune microenvironment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:76. [PMID: 36871027 PMCID: PMC9985240 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a more common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). This study aims to explore the prognostic value of PIM kinase family in DLBCL and its relationship with the immune microenvironment, to provide a certain reference for the prognosis and treatment of DLBCL. METHODS The prognostic value of PIM kinase family in DLBCL from the data set GSE10846 was verified through survival analysis and cox regression analysis. Mutations in PIM kinase family and its relationship with immune cell infiltration were explored with online cBioPortal, TIMER database, and single-gene GSEA analysis. Finally, the expression of PIM kinase family in tissues from DLBCL clinical samples was validated through immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The proteins of PIM kinase family were highly expressed in DLBCL patients, which are good prognostic factors for DLBCL patients. Then, PIM1-3 proteins were positively correlated with the immune infiltration of B cells, whose types of mutations also showed different degrees of correlation with B cells. PIM kinase family proteins also showed a high correlation with PDL1. In addition, PIM kinase family was also associated with the commonly mutated genes in DLBCL, such as MYD88, MYC, and BTK. CONCLUSION PIM kinase family may be a potential therapeutic target for DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Qitian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Haichao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China.
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China.
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Targeting Pim kinases in hematological cancers: molecular and clinical review. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:18. [PMID: 36694243 PMCID: PMC9875428 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research has recognized a solid role for Pim kinases in lymphoproliferative disorders. Often up-regulated following JAK/STAT and tyrosine kinase receptor signaling, Pim kinases regulate cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, cellular trafficking and signaling. Targeting Pim kinases represents an interesting approach since knock-down of Pim kinases leads to non-fatal phenotypes in vivo suggesting clinical inhibition of Pim may have less side effects. In addition, the ATP binding site offers unique characteristics that can be used for the development of small inhibitors targeting one or all Pim isoforms. This review takes a closer look at Pim kinase expression and involvement in hematopoietic cancers. Current and past clinical trials and in vitro characterization of Pim kinase inhibitors are examined and future directions are discussed. Current studies suggest that Pim kinase inhibition may be most valuable when accompanied by multi-drug targeting therapy.
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Clements AN, Warfel NA. Targeting PIM Kinases to Improve the Efficacy of Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:3700. [PMID: 36429128 PMCID: PMC9688203 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases is a family of serine/threonine kinases that regulates numerous signaling networks that promote cell growth, proliferation, and survival. PIM kinases are commonly upregulated in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Recent studies have demonstrated that PIM facilitates immune evasion in cancer by promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that suppresses the innate anti-tumor response. The role of PIM in immune evasion has sparked interest in examining the effect of PIM inhibition in combination with immunotherapy. This review focuses on the role of PIM kinases in regulating immune cell populations, how PIM modulates the immune tumor microenvironment to promote immune evasion, and how PIM inhibitors may be used to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. Clements
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Noel A. Warfel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Koike A, Becker F, Sennhenn P, Kim J, Zhang J, Hannus S, Brehm K. Targeting Echinococcus multilocularis PIM kinase for improving anti-parasitic chemotherapy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010483. [PMID: 36190997 PMCID: PMC9560627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potentially lethal zoonosis alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the metacestode larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Current AE treatment options are limited and rely on surgery as well as on chemotherapy involving benzimidazoles (BZ). BZ treatment, however, is mostly parasitostatic only, must be given for prolonged time periods, and is associated with adverse side effects. Novel treatment options are thus urgently needed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By applying a broad range of kinase inhibitors to E. multilocularis stem cell cultures we identified the proto-oncogene PIM kinase as a promising target for anti-AE chemotherapy. The gene encoding the respective E. multilocularis ortholog, EmPim, was characterized and in situ hybridization assays indicated its expression in parasite stem cells. By yeast two-hybrid assays we demonstrate interaction of EmPim with E. multilocularis CDC25, indicating an involvement of EmPim in parasite cell cycle regulation. Small molecule compounds SGI-1776 and CX-6258, originally found to effectively inhibit human PIM kinases, exhibited detrimental effects on in vitro cultured parasite metacestode vesicles and prevented the formation of mature vesicles from parasite stem cell cultures. To improve compound specificity for EmPim, we applied a high throughput in silico modelling approach, leading to the identification of compound Z196138710. When applied to in vitro cultured metacestode vesicles and parasite cell cultures, Z196138710 proved equally detrimental as SGI-1776 and CX-6258 but displayed significantly reduced toxicity towards human HEK293T and HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Repurposing of kinase inhibitors initially designed to affect mammalian kinases for helminth disease treatment is often hampered by adverse side effects of respective compounds on human cells. Here we demonstrate the utility of high throughput in silico approaches to design small molecule compounds of higher specificity for parasite cells. We propose EmPim as a promising target for respective approaches towards AE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Koike
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jason Kim
- Immuneering Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jenny Zhang
- Immuneering Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Klaus Brehm
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Marayati R, Stafman LL, Williams AP, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Markert HR, Easlick JL, Stewart JE, Crossman DK, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of PIM3 suppresses tumorigenesis and cancer cell stemness in human hepatoblastoma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:558-572. [PMID: 33864024 PMCID: PMC8521561 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma remains one of the most difficult childhood tumors to treat and is alarmingly understudied. We previously demonstrated that Proviral Insertion site in Maloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases, specifically PIM3, are overexpressed in human hepatoblastoma cells and function to promote tumorigenesis. We aimed to use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing with dual gRNAs to introduce large inactivating deletions in the PIM3 gene and achieve stable PIM3 knockout in the human hepatoblastoma cell line, HuH6. PIM3 knockout of hepatoblastoma cells led to significantly decreased proliferation, viability, and motility, inhibited cell-cycle progression, decreased tumor growth in a xenograft murine model, and increased animal survival. Analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed that PIM3 knockout downregulated expression of pro-migratory and pro-invasive genes and upregulated expression of genes involved in apoptosis and differentiation. Furthermore, PIM3 knockout decreased hepatoblastoma cancer cell stemness as evidenced by decreased tumorsphere formation, decreased mRNA abundance of stemness markers, and decreased cell surface expression of CD133, a marker of hepatoblastoma stem cell-like cancer cells. Reintroduction of PIM3 into PIM3 knockout cells rescued the malignant phenotype. Successful CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of PIM3 kinase in human hepatoblastoma cells confirmed the role of PIM3 in promoting hepatoblastoma tumorigenesis and cancer cell stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura L. Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laura V. Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hooper R. Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Juliet L. Easlick
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Hamed G, Omar HM, Sarhan AM, Salah HE. Proviral Integration of Moloney Virus-2 (PIM-2) Expression Level as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4247-4258. [PMID: 35480994 PMCID: PMC9035444 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s354092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess PIM-2 gene expression level as a prognostic marker in AML patients and to correlate the results with their clinical outcome. Patients and Methods This study was conducted on 50 de novo younger AML patients (median age 44). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was used to assess the expression level of the PIM-2 gene. The transcription level of the target gene (PIM-2) was normalized to that of the reference gene (GAPDH). Twenty control samples were withdrawn from 20 age- and sex-matched individuals for the analysis of the results using the 2−ΔΔCT method. On day 28 following induction chemotherapy, patients’ bone marrow (BM) was examined for evaluation of their remission status. Results PIM-2 gene expression was higher among AML patients who did not achieve complete remission (CR); also, it was higher in patients in the intermediate and poor cytogenetic risk groups. A significant positive correlation was found between PIM-2 level and BM blasts on day 28. In AML patients, PIM-2 has been discovered to be an independent predictive factor for achieving CR following standard induction treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were performed for PIM-2 level at diagnosis to evaluate its role in achieving remission after induction. It was found that PIM-2 at cutoff ≤1.6 had an AUC (0.903) with a sensitivity (90.48%) and specificity (86.21%), P <0.001. Conclusion Overexpression of the PIM-2 gene is associated with induction failure and low CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Hamed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al-Sharkia, Egypt
- Correspondence: Gehad Hamed, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al-Sharkia, 44519, Egypt, Tel +201092034529, Email
| | - Hisham M Omar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Abbas M Sarhan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Hossam E Salah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al-Sharkia, Egypt
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Rathi A, Kumar D, Hasan GM, Haque MM, Hassan MI. Therapeutic targeting of PIM KINASE signaling in cancer therapy: Structural and clinical prospects. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129995. [PMID: 34455019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PIM kinases are well-studied drug targets for cancer, belonging to Serine/Threonine kinases family. They are the downstream target of various signaling pathways, and their up/down-regulation affects various physiological processes. PIM family comprises three isoforms, namely, PIM-1, PIM-2, and PIM-3, on alternative initiation of translation and they have different levels of expression in different types of cancers. Its structure shows a unique ATP-binding site in the hinge region which makes it unique among other kinases. SCOPE OF REVIEW PIM kinases are widely reported in hematological malignancies along with prostate and breast cancers. Currently, many drugs are used as inhibitors of PIM kinases. In this review, we highlighted the physiological significance of PIM kinases in the context of disease progression and therapeutic targeting. We comprehensively reviewed the PIM kinases in terms of their expression and regulation of different physiological roles. We further predicted functional partners of PIM kinases to elucidate their role in the cellular physiology of different cancer and mapped their interaction network. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A deeper mechanistic insight into the PIM signaling involved in regulating different cellular processes, including transcription, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, cell migration and senescence, is provided. Furthermore, structural features of PIM have been dissected to understand the mechanism of inhibition and subsequent implication of designed inhibitors towards therapeutic management of prostate, breast and other cancers. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Being a potential drug target for cancer therapy, available drugs and PIM inhibitors at different stages of clinical trials are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Rathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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IBL-202 is synergistic with venetoclax in CLL under in vitro conditions that mimic the tumor microenvironment. Blood Adv 2020; 4:5093-5106. [PMID: 33085757 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell receptor signaling pathway and dysregulation of the Bcl-2 family of proteins play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Despite significant advances in the treatment of the disease, relapse and drug resistance are not uncommon. In the current study, we investigated the dual PI3/PIM kinase inhibitor IBL-202 in combination with venetoclax as a treatment option for CLL using both primary CLL cells and TP53-deficient OSU-CLL cells generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. IBL-202 and venetoclax were highly synergistic against primary CLL cells cocultured with CD40L fibroblasts (combination index [CI], 0.4, at a fractional effect of 0.9) and TP53-knockout (KO) OSU-CLL cells (CI, 0.5, at a fractional effect of 0.9). Synergy between the drugs was consistent, with a significant (P < .05) reduction in the 50% inhibitory concentration for both drugs. IBL-202 and venetoclax in combination induced cell-cycle arrest and slowed the proliferation of both wild-type and TP53-KO cell lines. The drug combination inhibited AKT phosphorylation, reduced expression of Bcl-xL and NF-κB, and increased the Noxa/Mcl-1 ratio. Downregulation of CXCR4 was consistent with inhibition of the SDF-1α-induced migratory capacity of CLL cells. Synergy between IBL-202 and venetoclax against primary CLL cells cultured under conditions that mimic the tumor microenvironment suggests this drug combination may be effective against CLL cells within the lymph nodes and bone marrow. Furthermore, the efficacy of the combination against the TP53-KO OSU-CLL cell line suggests the combination may be a highly effective treatment strategy for high-risk CLL.
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12
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PIM2 deletion alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1419-1426. [PMID: 33333710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has an essential role in regulating the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The serine/threonine kinase PIM2 is highly expressed in human macrophages, and exhibits regulatory role in inflammatory response. However, its effect on ARDS progression has not been investigated and still remains unclear. In the study, we attempted to investigate the potential of PIM2 during ARDS progression, and to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we found that PIM2 expression was dramatically up-regulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed murine macrophages through a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, we found that PIM2 knockdown greatly alleviated LPS-triggered activation of Caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) in macrophages, along with suppressed inflammatory response. Importantly, we identified that PIM2 could directly interact with NLRP3. PIM2 over-expression could further promote LPS-triggered inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. Furthermore, PIM2 knockout significantly alleviated the severity of ARDS in LPS-challenged mice. Evidently decreased inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome were detected in pulmonary tissues of LPS-treated mice with PIM2 deficiency. Together, our findings demonstrated that PIM2 as a promising therapeutic target for ARDS treatment through regulating NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Luo H, Sun R, Zheng Y, Huang J, Wang F, Long D, Wu Y. PIM3 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6897-6905. [PMID: 32764981 PMCID: PMC7368586 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s245578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a poor overall prognosis. PIM family genes, including PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, are proto-oncogenes that are aberrantly overexpressed in different types of human cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore and clarify the function of PIM3 in AML. Patients and Methods The expression of the three PIM genes in AML was detected using the Gene Expression Omnibus. The expression of PIM3 and PIM3 in patient samples and AML cell lines was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot analyses. The cellular behaviors of PIM3-overexpressing AML cell lines were detected using a CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and a cell migration assay. The interactions between PIM3 and phosphorylated CXCR4 (pCXCR4) were explored via immunoprecipitation. Results Higher PIM3 expression was detected in primary AML cells than in healthy donor cells. Second, PIM3 overexpression promoted AML cell proliferation and protected against spontaneous apoptosis by phosphorylating BAD (pBAD) at Ser112. Furthermore, PIM3 overexpression might promote the migration of AML cells via CXCR4. PIM3-overexpressing AML cell lines exhibited increased CXCR4 phosphorylation at Ser339, and pCXCR4 interacted with PIM3. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PIM3 regulates the proliferation, survival, and chemotaxis of AML cell lines. Moreover, pCXCR4 might mediate the regulation of PIM3-induced chemotaxis. Therefore, the inhibition of PIM3 expression may be a promising therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Luo
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Long
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ismail MMF, Farrag AM, Abou‐El‐Ela D. Synthesis, anticancer screening, and in silico ADMEprediction of novel 2‐pyridonesas Pim inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magda M. F. Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Amel M. Farrag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Dalal Abou‐El‐Ela
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of Pharmacy, Ain‐Shams University Cairo Egypt
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15
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Singh N, Padi SKR, Bearss JJ, Pandey R, Okumura K, Beltran H, Song JH, Kraft AS, Olive V. PIM protein kinases regulate the level of the long noncoding RNA H19 to control stem cell gene transcription and modulate tumor growth. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:974-990. [PMID: 32146726 PMCID: PMC7191193 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) serine/threonine kinases have an oncogenic and prosurvival role in hematological and solid cancers. However, the mechanism by which these kinases drive tumor growth has not been completely elucidated. To determine the genes controlled by these protein kinases, we carried out a microarray analysis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) comparing early progenitor (ETP-ALL) cell lines whose growth is driven by PIM kinases to more mature T-ALL cells that have low PIM levels. This analysis demonstrated that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 was associated with increased PIM levels in ETP-ALL. Overexpression or knockdown of PIM in these T-ALL cell lines controlled the level of H19 and regulated the methylation of the H19 promoter, suggesting a mechanism by which PIM controls H19 transcription. In these T-ALL cells, the expression of PIM1 induced stem cell gene expression (SOX2, OCT-4, and NANOG) through H19. Identical results were found in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines where PIM kinases drive cancer growth, and both H19 and stem cell gene levels. Small molecule pan-PIM inhibitors (PIM-i) currently in clinical trials reduced H19 expression in both of these tumor types. Importantly, the knockdown of H19 blocked the ability of PIM to induce stem cell genes in T-ALL cells, suggesting a novel signal transduction cascade. In PCa, increases in SOX2 levels have been shown to cause both resistance to the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the induction of neuroendocrine PCa, a highly metastatic form of this disease. Treatment of PCa cells with a small molecule pan-PIM-i reduced stem cell gene transcription and enhanced ADT, while overexpression of H19 suppressed the ability of pan-PIM-i to regulate hormone blockade. Together, these results demonstrate that the PIM kinases control the level of lncRNA H19, which in turn modifies stem cell gene transcription regulating tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sathish K R Padi
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Bearss
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ritu Pandey
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Koichi Okumura
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin H Song
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew S Kraft
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Virginie Olive
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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16
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Malone T, Schäfer L, Simon N, Heavey S, Cuffe S, Finn S, Moore G, Gately K. Current perspectives on targeting PIM kinases to overcome mechanisms of drug resistance and immune evasion in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 207:107454. [PMID: 31836451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PIM kinases are a class of serine/threonine kinases that play a role in several of the hallmarks of cancer including cell cycle progression, metabolism, inflammation and immune evasion. Their constitutively active nature and unique catalytic structure has led them to be an attractive anticancer target through the use of small molecule inhibitors. This review highlights the enhanced activity of PIM kinases in cancer that can be driven by hypoxia in the tumour microenvironment and the important role that aberrant PIM kinase activity plays in resistance mechanisms to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapies and targeted therapies. We highlight an interaction of PIM kinases with numerous major oncogenic players, including but not limited to, stabilisation of p53, synergism with c-Myc, and notable parallel signalling with PI3K/Akt. We provide a comprehensive overview of PIM kinase's role as an escape mechanism to targeted therapies including PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, MET inhibitors, anti-HER2/EGFR treatments and the immunosuppressant rapamycin, providing a rationale for co-targeting treatment strategies for a more durable patient response. The current status of PIM kinase inhibitors and their use as a combination therapy with other targeted agents, in addition to the development of novel multi-molecularly targeted single therapeutic agents containing a PIM kinase targeting moiety are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Malone
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lea Schäfer
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathalie Simon
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan Heavey
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gillian Moore
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathy Gately
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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17
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Marques MB, González-Durruthy M, da Silva Nornberg BF, Oliveira BR, Almeida DV, de Souza Votto AP, Marins LF. New Mechanistic Insight on the PIM-1 Kinase Inhibitor AZD1208 Using Multidrug Resistant Human Erythroleukemia Cell Lines and Molecular Docking Simulations. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:914-926. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190509121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:PIM-1 is a kinase which has been related to the oncogenic processes like cell survival, proliferation, and multidrug resistance (MDR). This kinase is known for its ability to phosphorylate the main extrusion pump (ABCB1) related to the MDR phenotype.Objective:In the present work, we tested a new mechanistic insight on the AZD1208 (PIM-1 specific inhibitor) under interaction with chemotherapy agents such as Daunorubicin (DNR) and Vincristine (VCR).Materials and Methods:In order to verify a potential cytotoxic effect based on pharmacological synergism, two MDR cell lines were used: Lucena (resistant to VCR) and FEPS (resistant to DNR), both derived from the K562 non-MDR cell line, by MTT analyses. The activity of Pgp was ascertained by measuring accumulation and the directional flux of Rh123. Furthermore, we performed a molecular docking simulation to delve into the molecular mechanism of PIM-1 alone, and combined with chemotherapeutic agents (VCR and DNR).Results:Our in vitro results have shown that AZD1208 alone decreases cell viability of MDR cells. However, co-exposure of AZD1208 and DNR or VCR reverses this effect. When we analyzed the ABCB1 activity AZD1208 alone was not able to affect the pump extrusion. Differently, co-exposure of AZD1208 and DNR or VCR impaired ABCB1 activity, which could be explained by compensatory expression of abcb1 or other extrusion pumps not analyzed here. Docking analysis showed that AZD1208 is capable of performing hydrophobic interactions with PIM-1 ATP- binding-site residues with stronger interaction-based negative free energy (FEB, kcal/mol) than the ATP itself, mimicking an ATP-competitive inhibitory pattern of interaction. On the same way, VCR and DNR may theoretically interact at the same biophysical environment of AZD1208 and also compete with ATP by the PIM-1 active site. These evidences suggest that AZD1208 may induce pharmacodynamic interaction with VCR and DNR, weakening its cytotoxic potential in the ATP-binding site from PIM-1 observed in the in vitro experiments.Conclusion:Finally, the current results could have a pre-clinical relevance potential in the rational polypharmacology strategies to prevent multiple-drugs resistance in human leukemia cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Bernardes Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Félix da Silva Nornberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Volcan Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza Votto
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Marins
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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18
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Cervantes-Gomez F, Stellrecht CM, Ayres ML, Keating MJ, Wierda WG, Gandhi V. PIM kinase inhibitor, AZD1208, inhibits protein translation and induces autophagy in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2793-2809. [PMID: 31073371 PMCID: PMC6497463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 serine/threonine kinases play a role in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Mice lacking these three kinases were viable. Further, in human hematological malignancies, these proteins are overexpressed making them suitable targets. Several small molecule inhibitors against this enzyme were synthesized and tested. AZD1208, an orally available small-molecule drug, inhibits all three PIM kinases at a low nanomolar range. AZD1208 has been tested in clinical trials for patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies, especially acute myelogenous leukemia. The present study evaluated the efficacy and biological actions of AZD1208 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. CLL cells had higher levels of PIM2 protein and mRNAs than did normal lymphocytes from healthy donors. Treatment of CLL lymphocytes with AZD1208 resulted in modest cell death, whereas practically no cytotoxicity was observed in healthy lymphocytes. To determine the mechanism by which AZD1208 inhibits PIM kinase function, we evaluated PIM kinase pathway and downstream substrates. Because peripheral blood CLL cells are replicationally quiescent, we analyzed substrates involved in apoptosis, transcription, and translation but not cell cycle targets. AZD1208 inhibited protein translation by decreasing phosphorylation levels of 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). AZD1208 induced autophagy in replicationally-quiescent CLL cells, which is consistent with protein translation inhibition. These data suggest that AZD1208 may elicit cytotoxicity in CLL cells through inhibiting translation and autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cervantes-Gomez
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Stellrecht
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary L Ayres
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Arrouchi H, Lakhlili W, Ibrahimi A. A review on PIM kinases in tumors. Bioinformation 2019; 15:40-45. [PMID: 31359998 PMCID: PMC6651028 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases is serine/threonine kinases that promote growth and survival in multiple cell types, implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Over expression of Pim-1 experimentally leads to tumor formation in mice, whereas there is no observable phenotype concerning the complete knockout of the protein. When it is over expressed it may lead to cancer development by three major ways; by inhibiting apoptosis, by promoting cell proliferation and also through promoting genomic instability. Expression in normal tissues is nearly undetectable. Recent improvements in the development of novel inhibitors of PIMs have been reviewed. Significant progress in the design of PIMs inhibitors, in which it displays selectivity versus other kinases, has been achieved within the last years. However, the development of isoform-selective PIM inhibitors is still an open task. As Pim-1 possesses oncogenic functions and is over expressed in various kinds of cancer diseases, its inhibition provides a new option in cancer therapy. A PubMed literature search was performed to review the currently available data on Pim-1 expression, regulation, and targets; its implication in different types of cancer and its impact on prognosis is described. Consequently, designing new inhibitors of PIMs is now a very active area of research in academic and industrial laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Housna Arrouchi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology (MedBiotech),Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School,Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat,Morocco
| | - Wiame Lakhlili
- Laboratory of Biotechnology (MedBiotech),Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School,Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat,Morocco
| | - Azeddine Ibrahimi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology (MedBiotech),Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School,Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat,Morocco
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20
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Zheng J, Sha Y, Roof L, Foreman O, Lazarchick J, Venkta JK, Kozlowski C, Gasparetto C, Chao N, Ebens A, Hu J, Kang Y. Pan-PIM kinase inhibitors enhance Lenalidomide's anti-myeloma activity via cereblon-IKZF1/3 cascade. Cancer Lett 2018; 440-441:1-10. [PMID: 30312729 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease, and continued efforts are required to develop novel agents and novel drug combinations with more effective anti-myeloma activity. Here, we show that the pan-PIM kinase inhibitors SGI1776 and CX6258 exhibit significant anti-myeloma activity and that combining a pan-PIM kinase inhibitor with the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide in an in vivo myeloma xenograft mouse model resulted in synergistic myeloma cell killing without additional hematologic or hepatic toxicities. Further investigations indicated that treatment with a pan-PIM kinase inhibitor promoted increased ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3, two transcription factors crucial for survival of myeloma cells. Combining a pan-PIM kinase inhibitor with lenalidomide led to more effective degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 in multiple myeloma cell lines as well as xenografts of myeloma tumors. We also demonstrated that treatment with a pan-PIM kinase inhibitor resulted in increased expression of cereblon, and that knockdown of cereblon via a shRNA lentivirus abolished the effects of PIM kinase inhibition on the degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 and myeloma cell apoptosis, demonstrating a central role of cereblon in pan-PIM kinase inhibitor-mediated down-regulation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 and myeloma cell killing. These data elucidate the mechanism of pan-PIM kinase inhibitor mediated anti-myeloma effect and the rationale for the synergy observed with lenalidomide co-treatment, and provide justification for a clinical trial of the combination of pan-PIM kinase inhibitors and lenalidomide for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China
| | - Yonggang Sha
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Logan Roof
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Oded Foreman
- Genentech Research Oncology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Lazarchick
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jagadish Kummetha Venkta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Cleopatra Kozlowski
- Genentech Safety Assessment Pathology, Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nelson Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allen Ebens
- Genentech Research Oncology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China.
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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21
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Koblish H, Li YL, Shin N, Hall L, Wang Q, Wang K, Covington M, Marando C, Bowman K, Boer J, Burke K, Wynn R, Margulis A, Reuther GW, Lambert QT, Dostalik Roman V, Zhang K, Feng H, Xue CB, Diamond S, Hollis G, Yeleswaram S, Yao W, Huber R, Vaddi K, Scherle P. Preclinical characterization of INCB053914, a novel pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, alone and in combination with anticancer agents, in models of hematologic malignancies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199108. [PMID: 29927999 PMCID: PMC6013247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Proviral Integration site of Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) serine/threonine protein kinases are overexpressed in many hematologic and solid tumor malignancies and play central roles in intracellular signaling networks important in tumorigenesis, including the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. The three PIM kinase isozymes (PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3) share similar downstream substrates with other key oncogenic kinases and have differing but mutually compensatory functions across tumors. This supports the therapeutic potential of pan-PIM kinase inhibitors, especially in combination with other anticancer agents chosen based on their role in overlapping signaling networks. Reported here is a preclinical characterization of INCB053914, a novel, potent, and selective adenosine triphosphate-competitive pan-PIM kinase inhibitor. In vitro, INCB053914 inhibited proliferation and the phosphorylation of downstream substrates in cell lines from multiple hematologic malignancies. Effects were confirmed in primary bone marrow blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated ex vivo and in blood samples from patients receiving INCB053914 in an ongoing phase 1 dose-escalation study. In vivo, single-agent INCB053914 inhibited Bcl-2-associated death promoter protein phosphorylation and dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth in acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma xenografts. Additive or synergistic inhibition of tumor growth was observed when INCB053914 was combined with selective PI3Kδ inhibition, selective JAK1 or JAK1/2 inhibition, or cytarabine. Based on these data, pan-PIM kinase inhibitors, including INCB053914, may have therapeutic utility in hematologic malignancies when combined with other inhibitors of oncogenic kinases or standard chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Koblish
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yun-long Li
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Niu Shin
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Leslie Hall
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Qian Wang
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Kathy Wang
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | | | - Cindy Marando
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Kevin Bowman
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Jason Boer
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Krista Burke
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Richard Wynn
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Alex Margulis
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Gary W. Reuther
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Que T. Lambert
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Ke Zhang
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Hao Feng
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Chu-Biao Xue
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Sharon Diamond
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Greg Hollis
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Swamy Yeleswaram
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Reid Huber
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Kris Vaddi
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Peggy Scherle
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
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22
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Cortes J, Tamura K, DeAngelo DJ, de Bono J, Lorente D, Minden M, Uy GL, Kantarjian H, Chen LS, Gandhi V, Godin R, Keating K, McEachern K, Vishwanathan K, Pease JE, Dean E. Phase I studies of AZD1208, a proviral integration Moloney virus kinase inhibitor in solid and haematological cancers. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1425-1433. [PMID: 29765150 PMCID: PMC5988656 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proviral integration Moloney virus (PIM) kinases (PIM1, 2 and 3) are overexpressed in several tumour types and contribute to oncogenesis. AZD1208 is a potent ATP-competitive PIM kinase inhibitor investigated in patients with recurrent or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or advanced solid tumours. Methods Two dose-escalation studies were performed to evaluate the safety and tolerability, and to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), of AZD1208 in AML and solid tumours. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (PD) and preliminary efficacy of AZD1208. Results Sixty-seven patients received treatment: 32 in the AML study over a 120–900 mg dose range, and 25 in the solid tumour study over a 120–800 mg dose range. Nearly all patients (98.5%) in both studies experienced adverse events, mostly gastrointestinal (92.5%). Dose-limiting toxicities included rash, fatigue and vomiting. AZD1208 was not tolerated at 900 mg, and the protocol-defined MTD was not confirmed. AZD1208 increased CYP3A4 activity after multiple dosing, resulting in increased drug clearance. There were no clinical responses; PD analysis showed biological activity of AZD1208. Conclusions Despite the lack of single-agent clinical efficacy with AZD1208, PIM kinase inhibition may hold potential as an anticancer treatment, perhaps in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast Oncology and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Room D-2050, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Johann de Bono
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - David Lorente
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Mark Minden
- Division of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Geoffrey L Uy
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Lisa S Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Robert Godin
- AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Karen Keating
- AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emma Dean
- Clinical Trials Unit, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
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23
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Białopiotrowicz E, Górniak P, Noyszewska-Kania M, Puła B, Makuch-Łasica H, Nowak G, Bluszcz A, Szydłowski M, Jabłonska E, Piechna K, Sewastianik T, Polak A, Lech-Marańda E, Budziszewska BK, Wasylecka-Juszczyńska M, Borg K, Warzocha K, Czardybon W, Gałęzowski M, Windak R, Brzózka K, Juszczyński P. Microenvironment-induced PIM kinases promote CXCR4-triggered mTOR pathway required for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cell migration. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3548-3559. [PMID: 29665227 PMCID: PMC6010703 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node microenvironment provides chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells with signals promoting their survival and granting resistance to chemotherapeutics. CLL cells overexpress PIM kinases, which regulate apoptosis, cell cycle and migration. We demonstrate that BCR crosslinking, CD40 stimulation, and coculture with stromal cells increases PIMs expression in CLL cells, indicating microenvironment‐dependent PIMs regulation. PIM1 and PIM2 expression at diagnosis was higher in patients with advanced disease (Binet C vs. Binet A/B) and in those, who progressed after first‐line treatment. In primary CLL cells, inhibition of PIM kinases with a pan‐PIM inhibitor, SEL24‐B489, decreased PIM‐specific substrate phosphorylation and induced dose‐dependent apoptosis in leukaemic, but not in normal B cells. Cytotoxicity of SEL24‐B489 was similar in TP53‐mutant and TP53 wild‐type cells. Finally, inhibition of PIM kinases decreased CXCR4‐mediated cell chemotaxis in two related mechanisms‐by decreasing CXCR4 phosphorylation and surface expression, and by limiting CXCR4‐triggered mTOR pathway activity. Importantly, PIM and mTOR inhibitors similarly impaired migration, indicating that CXCL12‐triggered mTOR is required for CLL cell chemotaxis. Given the microenvironment‐modulated PIM expression, their pro‐survival function and a role of PIMs in CXCR4‐induced migration, inhibition of these kinases might override microenvironmental protection and be an attractive therapeutic strategy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Białopiotrowicz
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Górniak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Noyszewska-Kania
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Puła
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Makuch-Łasica
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Nowak
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bluszcz
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydłowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłonska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Piechna
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sewastianik
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Polak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Lech-Marańda
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena K Budziszewska
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Borg
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Warzocha
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Przemysław Juszczyński
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Padi SKR, Luevano LA, An N, Pandey R, Singh N, Song JH, Aster JC, Yu XZ, Mehrotra S, Kraft AS. Targeting the PIM protein kinases for the treatment of a T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia subset. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30199-30216. [PMID: 28415816 PMCID: PMC5444737 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches are needed for the treatment of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) who fail to achieve remission with chemotherapy. Analysis of the effects of pan-PIM protein kinase inhibitors on human T-ALL cell lines demonstrated that the sensitive cell lines expressed higher PIM1 protein kinase levels, whereas T-ALL cell lines with NOTCH mutations tended to have lower levels of PIM1 kinase and were insensitive to these inhibitors. NOTCH-mutant cells selected for resistance to gamma secretase inhibitors developed elevated PIM1 kinase levels and increased sensitivity to PIM inhibitors. Gene profiling using a publically available T-ALL dataset demonstrated overexpression of PIM1 in the majority of early T-cell precursor (ETP)-ALLs and a small subset of non-ETP ALL. While the PIM inhibitors blocked growth, they also stimulated ERK and STAT5 phosphorylation, demonstrating that activation of additional signaling pathways occurs with PIM inhibitor treatment. To block these pathways, Ponatinib, a broadly active tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia, was added to this PIM-inhibitor regimen. The combination of Ponatinib with a PIM inhibitor resulted in synergistic T-ALL growth inhibition and marked apoptotic cell death. Treatment of mice engrafted with human T-ALL with these two agents significantly decreased the tumor burden and improved the survival of treated mice. This dual therapy has the potential to be developed as a novel approach to treat T-ALL with high PIM expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish K R Padi
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Libia A Luevano
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ningfei An
- Department of Pathology, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ritu Pandey
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Neha Singh
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jin H Song
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew S Kraft
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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25
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Liu Z, Liu H, Yuan X, Wang Y, Li L, Wang G, Song J, Shao Z, Fu R. Downregulation of Pim-2 induces cell cycle arrest in the G 0/G 1 phase via the p53-non-dependent p21 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541172 PMCID: PMC5835926 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pim-2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is highly expressed in various types of cancer, with essential roles in the regulation of signal transduction cascades, which promote cell survival and proliferation. The present study demonstrated that Pim-2 was expressed in cells lines derived from hematopoietic tumors and lung cancer. In vitro, downregulation of Pim-2 by short interfering RNA inhibited proliferation and delayed G0/G1 cell cycle progression in K562 leukemia, RPMI-8226 multiple myeloma, and H1299 and A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, downregulation of Pim-2 resulted in upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21, irrespective of the p53 status. In addition, the present study revealed that CDK2 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRb) were significantly downregulated. This finding suggested that inhibition of CDK2 and pRb expression via upregulated p21 was involved in the downregulation of Pim-2-induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in lung cancer and hematopoietic malignancy cells. These results suggested that Pim-2 may serve a role in hematopoietic tumors, lung cancer proliferation and cell cycle progression by regulating the p21 signaling pathway. Downregulation of Pim-2 decreased cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, Pim-2 may be a potential therapy target in clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guojin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
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26
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Inamdar AA, Goy A, Ayoub NM, Attia C, Oton L, Taruvai V, Costales M, Lin YT, Pecora A, Suh KS. Mantle cell lymphoma in the era of precision medicine-diagnosis, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48692-48731. [PMID: 27119356 PMCID: PMC5217048 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the development of clinical agents for treating Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), treatment of MCL remains a challenge due to complexity and frequent relapse associated with MCL. The incorporation of conventional and novel diagnostic approaches such as genomic sequencing have helped improve understanding of the pathogenesis of MCL, and have led to development of specific agents targeting signaling pathways that have recently been shown to be involved in MCL. In this review, we first provide a general overview of MCL and then discuss about the role of biomarkers in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment for MCL. We attempt to discuss major biomarkers for MCL and highlight published and ongoing clinical trials in an effort to evaluate the dominant signaling pathways as drugable targets for treating MCL so as to determine the potential combination of drugs for both untreated and relapse/refractory cases. Our analysis indicates that incorporation of biomarkers is crucial for patient stratification and improve diagnosis and predictability of disease outcome thus help us in designing future precision therapies. The evidence indicates that a combination of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and novel drugs designed to target specific dysregulated signaling pathways can provide the effective therapeutic options for both untreated and relapse/refractory MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati A Inamdar
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andre Goy
- Clinical Divisions, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Christen Attia
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Lucia Oton
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Varun Taruvai
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Costales
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Pecora
- Clinical Divisions, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - K Stephen Suh
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
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27
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Barberis C, Moorcroft N, Arendt C, Levit M, Moreno-Mazza S, Batchelor J, Mechin I, Majid T. Discovery of N-substituted 7-azaindoles as PIM1 kinase inhibitors - Part I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4730-4734. [PMID: 28947155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel N-substituted azaindoles have been discovered as PIM1 inhibitors. X-ray structures have played a significant role in orienting the chemistry effort in the initial phase of hit confirmation. Disclosure of an unconventional binding mode for 1 and 2, as demonstrated by X-ray crystallography, is presented and was an important factor in selecting and advancing a lead series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Barberis
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham MA 02451, USA.
| | - Neil Moorcroft
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham MA 02451, USA
| | - Chris Arendt
- Oncology Biochemistry/Biology, Sanofi Genzyme, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mikhail Levit
- Oncology Biochemistry/Biology, Sanofi Genzyme, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sandra Moreno-Mazza
- Oncology Biochemistry/Biology, Sanofi Genzyme, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph Batchelor
- IDD In Vitro Biology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham MA 02451, USA
| | - Ingrid Mechin
- IDD In Vitro Biology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham MA 02451, USA
| | - Tahir Majid
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham MA 02451, USA; Program Management, Sanofi Genzyme, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham MA 01701, USA
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28
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Ishikawa C, Senba M, Hashimoto T, Imaizumi A, Mori N. Expression and significance of Pim-3 kinase in adult T-cell leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2017; 99:495-504. [PMID: 28833639 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Viral Tax protein plays a major role in ATL development. Pim family of serine/threonine kinases is composed of Pim-1, -2, and -3. The potential of Pim family as a target in ATL was analyzed. METHODS RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of Pim kinases, Tax, and intracellular signal molecules. Knockdown of Pim-3 and RelA was performed using small interfering RNA. The effects on cell proliferation, viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were analyzed by WST-8, propidium iodide, and APO2.7 assay. NF-κB DNA binding activity was investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS Pim-3 expression was restricted to HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. Tax induced Pim-3 expression through NF-κB. Knockdown of Pim-3 showed growth inhibition of HTLV-1-infected T cells. NJC97-NH, a novel inhibitor of the Pim-1/3 kinases, inhibited cell viability. NJC97-NH induced G2/M cell cycle arrest associated with downregulation of cyclin A and cyclin B1 expression, as well as apoptosis accompanied with downregulation of XIAP and Mcl-1 expression through inhibition of NF-κB pathway, mediated through decrease in IκBα and RelA phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Pim-3 is a potentially suitable target for the development of novel therapeutic agents against ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.,Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masachika Senba
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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29
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Jiménez-García MP, Lucena-Cacace A, Robles-Frías MJ, Ferrer I, Narlik-Grassow M, Blanco-Aparicio C, Carnero A. Inflammation and stem markers association to PIM1/PIM2 kinase-induced tumors in breast and uterus. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58872-58886. [PMID: 28938604 PMCID: PMC5601700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIM family of Ser/Thr kinase proteins has been implicated in tumorigenesis at different levels. PIM proteins are overexpressed in several tumor types and have been associated with chemoresistance. However, their role in hormone-dependent female tissues has not been explored, especially in the uterus, breast and ovary. We generated conditional transgenic mice with confined expression of human PIM1 or PIM2 genes in these tissues. We characterized the tumoral response to these genetic alterations corroborating their role as oncogenes since they induce hyperproliferation in all tissues and tumors in mammary gland and uterus. Furthermore, we observed a high degree of inflammatory infiltration in these tissues of transgenic mice accompanied by NFAT and mTOR activation and IL6 expression. Moreover, PIM1/2 were overexpressed in human breast, uterine and ovarian tumors, correlating with inflammatory features and stem cell markers. Our data suggest that PIM1/2 kinase overexpression provoke tissue alterations and a large IL6-dependent inflammatory response that may act synergistically during the process of tumorigenesis. The possible end-point is an increased percentage of cancer stem cells, which may be partly responsible for the therapy resistance found in tumors overexpressing PIM kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel-Pedro Jiménez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - María-José Robles-Frías
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Maja Narlik-Grassow
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Singh SP, Pillai SY, de Bruijn MJW, Stadhouders R, Corneth OBJ, van den Ham HJ, Muggen A, van IJcken W, Slinger E, Kuil A, Spaargaren M, Kater AP, Langerak AW, Hendriks RW. Cell lines generated from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia mouse model exhibit constitutive Btk and Akt signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71981-71995. [PMID: 29069762 PMCID: PMC5641105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of mature CD5+ B cells in blood. Spontaneous apoptosis of CLL cells in vitro has hampered in-depth investigation of CLL pathogenesis. Here we describe the generation of three monoclonal mouse cell lines, EMC2, EMC4 and EMC6, from the IgH.TEμ CLL mouse model based on sporadic expression of SV40 large T antigen. The cell lines exhibit a stable CD5+CD43+IgM+CD19+ CLL phenotype in culture and can be adoptively transferred into Rag1−/− mice. RNA-seq analysis revealed only minor differences between the cell lines and their primary tumors and suggested that NF-κB and mTOR signaling pathways were involved in cell line outgrowth. In vitro survival and proliferation was dependent on constitutive phosphorylation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) at Y551/Y223, and Akt(S473). Treatment of the cell lines with small molecule inhibitors specific for Btk (ibrutinib) or PI3K (idelalisib), which is upstream of Akt, resulted in reduced viability, proliferation and fibronectin-dependent cell adhesion. Treatment of cell line-engrafted Rag1−/− mice with ibrutinib was associated with transient lymphocytosis, reduced splenomegaly and increased overall survival. Thus, by generating stable cell lines we established a novel platform for in vitro and in vivo investigation of CLL signal transduction and treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simar Pal Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Post graduate school Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saravanan Y Pillai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona Spain
| | - Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alice Muggen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Slinger
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Kuil
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Spaargaren
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Jiménez-García MP, Lucena-Cacace A, Robles-Frías MJ, Narlik-Grassow M, Blanco-Aparicio C, Carnero A. The role of PIM1/PIM2 kinases in tumors of the male reproductive system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38079. [PMID: 27901106 PMCID: PMC5128923 DOI: 10.1038/srep38079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIM family of serine/threonine kinases has three highly conserved isoforms (PIM1, PIM2 and PIM3). PIM proteins are regulated through transcription and stability by JAK/STAT pathways and are overexpressed in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The PIM kinases possess weak oncogenic abilities, but enhance other genes or chemical carcinogens to induce tumors. We generated conditional transgenic mice that overexpress PIM1 or PIM2 in male reproductive organs and analyzed their contribution to tumorigenesis. We found an increase in alterations of sexual organs and hyperplasia in the transgenic mice correlating with inflammation. We also found that PIM1/2 are overexpressed in a subset of human male germ cells and prostate tumors correlating with inflammatory features and stem cell markers. Our data suggest that PIM1/2 kinase overexpression is a common feature of male reproductive organs tumors, which provoke tissue alterations and a large inflammatory response that may act synergistically during the process of tumorigenesis. There is also a correlation with markers of cancer stem cells, which may contribute to the therapy resistance found in tumors overexpressing PIM kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Pedro Jiménez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - María José Robles-Frías
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Maja Narlik-Grassow
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n 41013, Seville, Spain
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Zhao YQ, Yin YQ, Liu J, Wang GH, Huang J, Zhu LJ, Wang JH. Characterization of HJ-PI01 as a novel Pim-2 inhibitor that induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death in triple-negative human breast cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1237-50. [PMID: 27397540 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Pim-2 is a short-lived serine/threonine kinase, which plays a key role in metastasis of breast cancer through persistent activation of STAT3. Although the crystal structure of Pim-2 has been reported, but thus far no specific Pim-2-targeted compounds have been reported. In this study, we identified a novel Pim-2 inhibitor, HJ-PI01, by in silico analysis and experimental validation. METHODS The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, chemical synthesis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to design and discover the new Pim-2 inhibitor HJ-PI01. The anti-tumor effects of HJ-PI01 were evaluated in human breast MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-436, MCF-7 cells in vitro and in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice, which were treated with HJ-PI01 (40 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ig) with or without lienal polypeptide (50 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) for 10 d. The apoptosis/autophage-inducing mechanisms of HJ-PI01 were elucidated using Western blots, immunoblots, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Based on the PrePPI network, the potential partners interacting with Pim-2 in regulating apoptosis (160 protein pairs) and autophagy (47 protein pairs) were identified. Based on the structural characteristics of Pim-2, a total of 15 compounds (HJ-PI01 to HJ-P015) were synthesized, which showed moderate or remarkable anti-proliferative potency in the human breast cancer cell lines tested. The most effective compound HJ-PI01 exerted a robust inhibition on MDA-MB-231 cells compared with chlorpromazine and the pan-Pim inhibitor PI003. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that HJ-PI01 had a good binding score with Pim-2. Moreover, HJ-PI01 (300 nmol/L) induced death receptor-dependent and mitochondrial apoptosis as well as autophagic death in MDA-MB-231 cells. In MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice, administration of HJ-PI01 remarkably inhibited the tumor growth and induced tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. Co-administration of HJ-PI01 with lienal polypeptide could improve the anti-tumor activity of HJ-PI01 and reduce its toxicity. CONCLUSION The newly synthesized compound, HJ-PI01, can induce death receptor/mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagic cell death by targeting Pim-2 in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Kreuz S, Holmes KB, Tooze RM, Lefevre PF. Loss of PIM2 enhances the anti-proliferative effect of the pan-PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:205. [PMID: 26643319 PMCID: PMC4672512 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A promising therapeutic approach for aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is to target kinases involved in signal transduction and gene regulation. PIM1/2 serine/threonine kinases are highly expressed in activated B-cell-like DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL) with poor prognosis. In addition, both PIM kinases have a reported synergistic effect with c-MYC in mediating tumour development in several cancers, c-MYC gene being translocated to one of the immunoglobulin loci in nearly all BLs. Methods For these reasons, we tested the efficiency of several PIM kinase inhibitors (AZD1208, SMI4a, PIM1/2 inhibitor VI and Quercetagetin) in preventing proliferation of aggressive NHL-derived cell lines and compared their efficiency with PIM1 and/or PIM2 knockdown. Results We observed that most of the anti-proliferative potential of these inhibitors in NHL was due to an off-target effect. Interestingly, we present evidence of a kinase-independent function of PIM2 in regulating cell cycle. Moreover, combining AZD1208 treatment and PIM2 knockdown additively repressed cell proliferation. Conclusion Taken together, this study suggests that at least a part of PIM1/2 oncogenic potential could be independent of their kinase activity, justifying the limited anti-tumorigenic outcome of PIM-kinase inhibitors in NHL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0477-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kreuz
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, The Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - K B Holmes
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, The Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - R M Tooze
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, The Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - P F Lefevre
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, The Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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Cervantes-Gomez F, Lavergne B, Keating MJ, Wierda WG, Gandhi V. Combination of Pim kinase inhibitors and Bcl-2 antagonists in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:436-444. [PMID: 26088877 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1063141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Pim proteins are Ser/Thr kinases over-expressed in several hematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and some solid cancers like prostate cancer. Several small molecules have been developed to inhibit these kinases. In prostate cancer cell lines, the Pim kinase inhibitor SMI-4a and the Bcl-2 antagonist ABT-737 resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity. Akin to prostate cancer cells, CLL lymphocytes over-express Pim and Bcl-2 proteins. It was hypothesized that similar cytotoxic interaction should be observed in CLL. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic effect of three Pim kinase inhibitors (AZD1208, SGI-1776 and SMI-4a) combined with Bcl-2 antagonists (ABT-737 or ABT-199) in malignant CLL lymphocytes. Data indicated Pim kinase inhibitors in combination with ABT-737 or ABT-199 resulted mostly in additive cytotoxicity with a few synergistic responses; however, the extent of synergism was less robust than that observed previously in prostate cancer cell lines treated with SMI-4a and ABT-737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cervantes-Gomez
- a Department of Experimental Therapeutics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Bethany Lavergne
- a Department of Experimental Therapeutics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- b Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - William G Wierda
- b Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- a Department of Experimental Therapeutics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Blanco FF, Jimbo M, Wulfkuhle J, Gallagher I, Deng J, Enyenihi L, Meisner-Kober N, Londin E, Rigoutsos I, Sawicki JA, Risbud MV, Witkiewicz AK, McCue PA, Jiang W, Rui H, Yeo CJ, Petricoin E, Winter JM, Brody JR. The mRNA-binding protein HuR promotes hypoxia-induced chemoresistance through posttranscriptional regulation of the proto-oncogene PIM1 in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:2529-41. [PMID: 26387536 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it has been shown that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) tumors exhibit high levels of hypoxia, characterized by low oxygen pressure (pO2) and decreased O2 intracellular perfusion. Chronic hypoxia is strongly associated with resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy and chemoradiation in an understudied phenomenon known as hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. The hypoxia-inducible, pro-oncogenic, serine-threonine kinase PIM1 (Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1) has emerged as a key regulator of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in PDA and other cancers. Although its role in therapeutic resistance has been described previously, the molecular mechanism behind PIM1 overexpression in PDA is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that cis-acting AU-rich elements (ARE) present within a 38-base pair region of the PIM1 mRNA 3'-untranslated region mediate a regulatory interaction with the mRNA stability factor HuR (Hu antigen R) in the context of tumor hypoxia. Predominantly expressed in the nucleus in PDA cells, HuR translocates to the cytoplasm in response to hypoxic stress and stabilizes the PIM1 mRNA transcript, resulting in PIM1 protein overexpression. A reverse-phase protein array revealed that HuR-mediated regulation of PIM1 protects cells from hypoxic stress through phosphorylation and inactivation of the apoptotic effector BAD and activation of MEK1/2. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of HuR by MS-444 inhibits HuR homodimerization and its cytoplasmic translocation, abrogates hypoxia-induced PIM1 overexpression and markedly enhances PDA cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil under physiologic low oxygen conditions. Taken together, these results support the notion that HuR has prosurvival properties in PDA cells by enabling them with growth advantages in stressful tumor microenvironment niches. Accordingly, these studies provide evidence that therapeutic disruption of HuR's regulation of PIM1 may be a key strategy in breaking an elusive chemotherapeutic resistance mechanism acquired by PDA cells that reside in hypoxic PDA microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Blanco
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Jimbo
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Wulfkuhle
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - I Gallagher
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - J Deng
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - L Enyenihi
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Meisner-Kober
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, Switzerland
| | - E Londin
- Center for Computational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I Rigoutsos
- Center for Computational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J A Sawicki
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M V Risbud
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A K Witkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - P A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Rui
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C J Yeo
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - J M Winter
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Khanam H, Shamsuzzaman. Bioactive Benzofuran derivatives: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:483-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Doktorova H, Hrabeta J, Khalil MA, Eckschlager T. Hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in cancer cells: The role of not only HIF-1. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159:166-77. [PMID: 26001024 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this review is to provide the information about molecular basis of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance, focusing on the possibility of diagnostic and therapeutic use. RESULTS Hypoxia is a common feature of tumors and represents an independent prognostic factor in many cancers. It is the result of imbalances in the intake and consumption of oxygen caused by abnormal vessels in the tumor and the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. Hypoxia-induced resistance to cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, melphalan, 5-flouoruracil, gemcitabine, and docetaxel has been reported in a number of experiments. Adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia has important biological effects. The most studied factor responsible for these effects is hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) that significantly contributes to the aggressiveness and chemoresistance of different tumors. The HIF-1 complex, induced by hypoxia, binds to target genes, thereby increasing the expression of many genes. In addition, the expression of hundreds of genes can be also decreased in response to hypoxia in HIF-1 dependent manner, but without the detection of HIF-1 in these genes' promoters. HIF-1 independent mechanisms for drug resistance in hypoxia have been described, however, they are still rarely reported. The first clinical studies focusing on diagnosis of hypoxia and on inhibition of hypoxia-induced changes in cancer cells are starting to yield results. CONCLUSIONS The adaptation to hypoxia requires many genetic and biochemical responses that regulate one another. Hypoxia-induced resistance is a very complex field and we still know very little about it. Different approaches to circumvent hypoxia in tumors are under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Doktorova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hrabeta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Ashraf Khalil
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
The initiation and progression of human cancer is frequently linked to the uncontrolled activation of survival kinases. Two such pro-survival kinases that are commonly amplified in cancer are PIM and Akt. These oncogenic proteins are serine/threonine kinases that regulate tumorigenesis by phosphorylating substrates that control the cell cycle, cellular metabolism, proliferation, and survival. Growing evidence suggests that cross-talk exists between the PIM and Akt kinases, indicating that they control partially overlapping survival signaling pathways that are critical to the initiation, progression, and metastatic spread of many types of cancer. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is activated in many human tumors, and it is well established as a promising anticancer target. Likewise, based on the role of PIM kinases in normal and tumor tissues, it is clear that this family of kinases represents an interesting target for anticancer therapy. Pharmacological inhibition of PIM has the potential to significantly influence the efficacy of standard and targeted therapies. This review focuses on the regulation of PIM kinases, their role in tumorigenesis, and the biological impact of their interaction with the Akt signaling pathway on the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Carneiro BA, Altman JK, Kaplan JB, Ossenkoppele G, Swords R, Platanias LC, Giles FJ. Targeted therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:399-413. [PMID: 25623136 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1004316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the genetic underpinnings of acute myeloid leukemia are rapidly being translated into novel treatment strategies. Genomic profiling has highlighted the importance of the epigenetic machinery for leukemogenesis by identifying recurrent somatic mutations involving chromatin-modifier proteins. These genetic alterations function as dynamic regulators of gene expression and involve DNA-methyltransferase 3A, methyltransferase DOT1L, enhancer of zeste homologue 2, isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 and bromodomain-containing proteins. New therapeutic targets are also emerging from further delineation of cell signaling networks in acute myeloid leukemia blasts mediated by PIM kinases, polo-like kinase 1, cell surface protein CD98 and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling receptors, among others. Early results of targeted therapies directed at these molecular mechanisms are discussed in this review and their potential to improve the outcomes of patients by allowing the use of more effective and less toxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedito A Carneiro
- Northwestern Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N Michigan Ave. Suite 1006, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Xu J, Zhang T, Wang T, You L, Zhao Y. PIM kinases: an overview in tumors and recent advances in pancreatic cancer. Future Oncol 2014; 10:865-76. [PMID: 24799066 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIM kinases represent a family of serine/threonine kinases, which is composed of three different members (PIM1, PIM2 and PIM3). Aberrant expression of PIM kinases is observed in variety of tumors, including pancreatic cancer. The PIM kinases play pivotal roles in the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, properties of stem cells, metabolism, autophagy, drug resistance and targeted therapy. The roles of PIM kinases in pancreatic cancer include the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, formation, angiogenesis and prediction prognosis. Blocking the activities of PIM kinases could prevent pancreatic cancer development. PIM kinases may be a novel target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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Mondello P, Cuzzocrea S, Mian M. Pim kinases in hematological malignancies: where are we now and where are we going? J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:95. [PMID: 25491234 PMCID: PMC4266197 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proviral insertion in murine (PIM) lymphoma proteins are a serine/threonine kinase family composed of three isoformes: Pim-1, Pim-2 and Pim-3. They play a critical role in the control of cell proliferation, survival, homing and migration. Recently, overexpression of Pim kinases has been reported in human tumors, mainly in hematologic malignancies. In vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed their oncogenic potential. Indeed, PIM kinases have shown to be involved in tumorgenesis, to enhance tumor growth and to induce chemo-resistance, which is why they have become an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Novel molecules inhibiting Pim kinases have been evaluated in preclinical studies, demonstrating to be effective and with a favorable toxicity profile. Given the promising results, some of these compounds are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Herein, we provide an overview of the biological activity of PIM-kinases, their role in hematologic malignancies and future therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Mondello
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy. .,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Michael Mian
- Department of Hematology, Hospital S. Maurizio, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy. .,Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Decker S, Finter J, Forde AJ, Kissel S, Schwaller J, Mack TS, Kuhn A, Gray N, Follo M, Jumaa H, Burger M, Zirlik K, Pfeifer D, Miduturu CV, Eibel H, Veelken H, Dierks C. PIM kinases are essential for chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell survival (PIM2/3) and CXCR4-mediated microenvironmental interactions (PIM1). Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1231-45. [PMID: 24659821 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0575-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the CXCR4 receptor is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is important for CLL cell survival, migration, and interaction with their protective microenvironment. In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), PIM1 was shown to regulate the surface expression of the CXCR4 receptor. Here, we show that PIM (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus) kinases 1-3 are overexpressed and that the CXCR4 receptor is hyperphosphorylated on Ser339 in CLL compared with normal lymphocytes. Furthermore, CXCR4 phosphorylation correlates with PIM1 protein expression and PIM1 transcript levels in CLL. PIM kinase inhibition with three different PIM kinase inhibitors induced apoptosis in CLL cells independent of the presence of protective stromal cells. In addition, PIM inhibition caused dephosphorylation of the CXCR4 receptor on Ser339, resulting in enhanced ligand-dependent CXCR4 internalization and reduced re-externalization after withdrawal of CXCL12. Furthermore, PIM inhibition in CLL cells blocked CXCR4 functions, such as migration toward CXCL12- or CXCL12-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. In concordance, pretreatment of CLL cells with PIM kinase inhibitors strongly reduced homing of CLL cells toward the bone marrow and the spleen of Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice in vivo. Interestingly, the knockdown of PIM kinases in CLL cells demonstrated diverging functions, with PIM1 regulating CXCR4 surface expression and PIM2 and PIM3 as important for the survival of CLL cells. Our results show that PIM kinase inhibitors are an effective therapeutic option for CLL, not only by impairing PIM2/3-mediated CLL cell survival, but also by blocking the PIM1/CXCR4-mediated interaction of CLL cells with their protective microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Decker
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Hematology/Oncology; Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre Freiburg; Faculty of Biology; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Faber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Baron BW, Anastasi J, Hyjek EM, Baron JM. Expression of PIM1 protein in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2658-9. [PMID: 24547709 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.893303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly W Baron
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
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Huot G, Vernier M, Bourdeau V, Doucet L, Saint-Germain E, Gaumont-Leclerc MF, Moro A, Ferbeyre G. CHES1/FOXN3 regulates cell proliferation by repressing PIM2 and protein biosynthesis. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:554-65. [PMID: 24403608 PMCID: PMC3937083 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-02-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the forkhead transcription factor checkpoint suppressor 1 (CHES1), also known as FOXN3, is reduced in many types of cancers. We show here that CHES1 decreases protein synthesis and cell proliferation in tumor cell lines but not in normal fibroblasts. Conversely, short hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of CHES1 increases tumor cell proliferation. Growth suppression depends on the CHES1 forkhead DNA-binding domain and correlates with the nuclear localization of CHES1. CHES1 represses the expression of multiple genes, including the kinases PIM2 and DYRK3, which regulate protein biosynthesis, and a number of genes in cilium biogenesis. CHES1 binds directly to the promoter of PIM2, and in cells expressing CHES1 the levels of PIM2 are reduced, as well as the phosphorylation of the PIM2 target 4EBP1. Overexpression of PIM2 or eIF4E partially reverses the antiproliferative effect of CHES1, indicating that PIM2 and protein biosynthesis are important targets of the antiproliferative effect of CHES1. In several human hematopoietic cancers, CHES1 and PIM2 expressions are inversely correlated, suggesting that repression of PIM2 by CHES1 is clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Huot
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Alexander A, Keyomarsi K. Exploiting Cell Cycle Pathways in Cancer Therapy: New (and Old) Targets and Potential Strategies. NUCLEAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND TARGETING TRANSCRIPTION IN CANCER 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8039-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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AZD1208, a potent and selective pan-Pim kinase inhibitor, demonstrates efficacy in preclinical models of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2013; 123:905-13. [PMID: 24363397 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-495366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of Pim kinases is observed in several types of leukemias and lymphomas. Pim-1, -2, and -3 promote cell proliferation and survival downstream of cytokine and growth factor signaling pathways. AZD1208 is a potent, highly selective, and orally available Pim kinase inhibitor that effectively inhibits all three isoforms at <5 nM or <150 nM in enzyme and cell assays, respectively. AZD1208 inhibited the growth of 5 of 14 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines tested, and sensitivity correlates with Pim-1 expression and STAT5 activation. AZD1208 causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MOLM-16 cells, accompanied by a dose-dependent reduction in phosphorylation of Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death, 4EBP1, p70S6K, and S6, as well as increases in cleaved caspase 3 and p27. Inhibition of p4EBP1 and p-p70S6K and suppression of translation are the most representative effects of Pim inhibition in sensitive AML cell lines. AZD1208 inhibits the growth of MOLM-16 and KG-1a xenograft tumors in vivo with a clear pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic relationship. AZD1208 also potently inhibits colony growth and Pim signaling substrates in primary AML cells from bone marrow that are Flt3 wild-type or Flt3 internal tandem duplication mutant. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of Pim kinase inhibition for the treatment of AML.
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Stochastic detection of Pim protein kinases reveals electrostatically enhanced association of a peptide substrate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E4417-26. [PMID: 24194548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312739110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In stochastic sensing, the association and dissociation of analyte molecules is observed as the modulation of an ionic current flowing through a single engineered protein pore, enabling the label-free determination of rate and equilibrium constants with respect to a specific binding site. We engineered sensors based on the staphylococcal α-hemolysin pore to allow the single-molecule detection and characterization of protein kinase-peptide interactions. We enhanced this approach by using site-specific proteolysis to generate pores bearing a single peptide sensor element attached by an N-terminal peptide bond to the trans mouth of the pore. Kinetics and affinities for the Pim protein kinases (Pim-1, Pim-2, and Pim-3) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase were measured and found to be independent of membrane potential and in good agreement with previously reported data. Kinase binding exhibited a distinct current noise behavior that forms a basis for analyte discrimination. Finally, we observed unusually high association rate constants for the interaction of Pim kinases with their consensus substrate Pimtide (~10(7) to 10(8) M(-1) · s(-1)), the result of electrostatic enhancement, and propose a cellular role for this phenomenon.
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Dwyer MP, Keertikar K, Paruch K, Alvarez C, Labroli M, Poker C, Fischmann TO, Mayer-Ezell R, Bond R, Wang Y, Azevedo R, Guzi TJ. Discovery of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-based Pim inhibitors: a template-based approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6178-82. [PMID: 24091081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and hit-to-lead SAR development from a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-derived hit 5 to the identification of a series of potent, pan-Pim inhibitors such as 11j are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dwyer
- Department of Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States.
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Lu J, Zavorotinskaya T, Dai Y, Niu XH, Castillo J, Sim J, Yu J, Wang Y, Langowski JL, Holash J, Shannon K, Garcia PD. Pim2 is required for maintaining multiple myeloma cell growth through modulating TSC2 phosphorylation. Blood 2013; 122:1610-20. [PMID: 23818547 PMCID: PMC3953014 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-481457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy. Despite recent treatment advances, it remains incurable. Here, we report that Pim2 kinase expression is highly elevated in MM cells and demonstrate that it is required for MM cell proliferation. Functional interference of Pim2 activity either by short hairpin RNAs or by a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor leads to significant inhibition of MM cell proliferation. Pim inhibition results in a significant decrease of mammalian target of rapamycin C1 (mTOR-C1) activity, which is critical for cell proliferation. We identify TSC2, a negative regulator of mTOR-C1, as a novel Pim2 substrate and show that Pim2 directly phosphorylates TSC2 on Ser-1798 and relieves the suppression of TSC2 on mTOR-C1. These findings support Pim2 as a promising therapeutic target for MM and define a novel Pim2-TSC2-mTOR-C1 pathway that drives MM proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94508, USA
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Cervantes-Gomez F, Chen LS, Orlowski RZ, Gandhi V. Biological effects of the Pim kinase inhibitor, SGI-1776, in multiple myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2013; 13 Suppl 2:S317-29. [PMID: 23988451 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pim kinases are constitutively active serine/threonine/tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma. Pim kinase substrates are involved in transcription, protein translation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. SGI-1776 is a potent Pim kinase inhibitor that has proven to be cytotoxic to leukemia and lymphoma cells. Based on this background, we hypothesized that SGI-1776 treatment would result in myeloma cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test this, myeloma cell lines and primary CD138(+) cells from myeloma patients were treated with SGI-1776 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and effect on cell death and proliferation, induction of autophagy, and changes in cell cycle profile were measured. RESULTS SGI-1776 treatment resulted in limited apoptosis in cell lines (mean 30%) and CD138(+) cells (< 10%) assessed using Annexin-V/propidium iodide. Limited effect was observed in cell cycle profile or growth in cell lines. However, DNA synthesis was decreased by 70% at 3 μM (all time points) in U266 though this was not observed in MM.1S. In accordance, immunoblot analyses revealed no change in transcription (c-Myc and H3), or apoptotic (Bad) proteins that are substrates of Pim kinases. In contrast, autophagy, assessed using acridine orange staining, was induced with SGI-1776 treatment in both cell lines (U266, 25%-70%; MM.1S, 8%-52%) and CD138(+) cells (19%-21%). Immunoblot analyses of the autophagy LC3b marker and translation initiation proteins (phospho-p70S6K and 4E-BP1) corroborated autophagy induction. CONCLUSION These data indicate that SGI-1776 treatment in myeloma cell lines and CD138(+) myeloma cells elicits its deleterious effects through inhibition of translation and induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cervantes-Gomez
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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