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Zhuang Z, Jia W, Wu L, Li Y, Lu Y, Xu M, Bai H, Bi Y, Wang Z, Chen S, Jiang Y, Chang G. Threonine Deficiency Increases Triglyceride Deposition in Primary Duck Hepatocytes by Reducing STAT3 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8142. [PMID: 39125712 PMCID: PMC11312044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver lipid metabolism disruption significantly contributes to excessive fat buildup in waterfowl. Research suggests that the supplementation of Threonine (Thr) in the diet can improve liver lipid metabolism disorder, while Thr deficiency can lead to such metabolic disorders in the liver. The mechanisms through which Thr regulates lipid metabolism remain unclear. STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), a crucial transcription factor in the JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway, participates in various biological processes, including lipid and energy metabolism. This research investigates the potential involvement of STAT3 in the increased lipid storage seen in primary duck hepatocytes as a result of a lack of Thr. Using small interfering RNA and Stattic, a specific STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor, we explored the impact of STAT3 expression patterns on Thr-regulated lipid synthesis metabolism in hepatocytes. Through transcriptome sequencing, we uncovered pathways related to lipid synthesis and metabolism jointly regulated by Thr and STAT3. The results showed that Thr deficiency increases lipid deposition in primary duck hepatocytes (p < 0.01). The decrease in protein and phosphorylation levels of STAT3 directly caused this deposition (p < 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Thr deficiency and STAT3 knockdown jointly altered the mRNA expression levels of pathways related to long-chain fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism (p < 0.05). Thr deficiency, through mediating STAT3 inactivation, upregulated ELOVL7, PPARG, MMP1, MMP13, and TIMP4 mRNA levels, and downregulated PTGS2 mRNA levels (p < 0.01). In summary, these results suggest that Thr deficiency promotes lipid synthesis, reduces lipid breakdown, and leads to lipid metabolism disorders and triglyceride deposition by downregulating STAT3 activity in primary duck hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Wenqian Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Yongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Yijia Lu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Minghong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Yulin Bi
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Shihao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (Y.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
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Ghosh K, Shome DK, Kulkarni B, Ghosh MK, Ghosh K. Fibrosis and bone marrow: understanding causation and pathobiology. J Transl Med 2023; 21:703. [PMID: 37814319 PMCID: PMC10561412 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow fibrosis represents an important structural change in the marrow that interferes with some of its normal functions. The aetiopathogenesis of fibrosis is not well established except in its primary form. The present review consolidates current understanding of marrow fibrosis. We searched PubMed without time restriction using key words: bone marrow and fibrosis as the main stem against the terms: growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, morphology, megakaryocytes and platelets, myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic syndrome, collagen biosynthesis, mesenchymal stem cells, vitamins and minerals and hormones, and mechanism of tissue fibrosis. Tissue marrow fibrosis-related papers were short listed and analysed for the review. It emerged that bone marrow fibrosis is the outcome of complex interactions between growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and hormones together with their facilitators and inhibitors. Fibrogenesis is initiated by mobilisation of special immunophenotypic subsets of mesenchymal stem cells in the marrow that transform into fibroblasts. Fibrogenic stimuli may arise from neoplastic haemopoietic or non-hematopoietic cells, as well as immune cells involved in infections and inflammatory conditions. Autoimmunity is involved in a small subset of patients with marrow fibrosis. Megakaryocytes and platelets are either directly involved or are important intermediaries in stimulating mesenchymal stem cells. MMPs, TIMPs, TGF-β, PDGRF, and basic FGF and CRCXL4 chemokines are involved in these processes. Genetic and epigenetic changes underlie many of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjaksha Ghosh
- National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Th Fl KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Durjoy K Shome
- Department of Pathophysiology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Bipin Kulkarni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Haemostasis, National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13Th Fl KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Malay K Ghosh
- Department of Haematology, Nilratan Sarkar Medical College, Kolkata, 700014, West Bengal, India
| | - Kinjalka Ghosh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tata Medical Centre and Homi Bhaba National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
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Hasselbalch HC, Junker P, Skov V, Kjær L, Knudsen TA, Larsen MK, Holmström MO, Andersen MH, Jensen C, Karsdal MA, Willumsen N. Revisiting Circulating Extracellular Matrix Fragments as Disease Markers in Myelofibrosis and Related Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4323. [PMID: 37686599 PMCID: PMC10486581 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) arise due to acquired somatic driver mutations in stem cells and develop over 10-30 years from the earliest cancer stages (essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera) towards the advanced myelofibrosis stage with bone marrow failure. The JAK2V617F mutation is the most prevalent driver mutation. Chronic inflammation is considered to be a major pathogenetic player, both as a trigger of MPN development and as a driver of disease progression. Chronic inflammation in MPNs is characterized by persistent connective tissue remodeling, which leads to organ dysfunction and ultimately, organ failure, due to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Considering that MPNs are acquired clonal stem cell diseases developing in an inflammatory microenvironment in which the hematopoietic cell populations are progressively replaced by stromal proliferation-"a wound that never heals"-we herein aim to provide a comprehensive review of previous promising research in the field of circulating ECM fragments in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of MPNs. We address the rationales and highlight new perspectives for the use of circulating ECM protein fragments as biologically plausible, noninvasive disease markers in the management of MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Peter Junker
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Trine A. Knudsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Morten Kranker Larsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Morten Orebo Holmström
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.O.H.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.O.H.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Christina Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (C.J.); (M.A.K.); (N.W.)
| | - Morten A. Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (C.J.); (M.A.K.); (N.W.)
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Bone marrow microenvironment of MPN cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34756245 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we will discuss the current knowledge concerning the alterations of the cellular components in the bone marrow niche in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs), highlighting the central role of the megakaryocytes in MPN progression, and the extracellular matrix components characterizing the fibrotic bone marrow.
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Immunopathogenesis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197319. [PMID: 33023023 PMCID: PMC7584042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is an autoimmune disorder which affects small- and, to a lesser degree, medium-sized vessels. ANCA-associated vasculitis encompasses three disease phenotypes: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). This classification is largely based on clinical presentations and has several limitations. Recent research provided evidence that genetic background, risk of relapse, prognosis, and co-morbidities are more closely related to the ANCA serotype, proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA, compared to the disease phenotypes GPA or MPA. This finding has been extended to the investigation of biomarkers predicting disease activity, which again more closely relate to the ANCA serotype. Discoveries related to the immunopathogenesis translated into clinical practice as targeted therapies are on the rise. This review will summarize the current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis and the interplay between ANCA serotype and proposed disease biomarkers and illustrate how the extending knowledge of the immunopathogenesis will likely translate into development of a personalized medicine approach in the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis.
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Tan Y, Li X, Tian Z, Chen S, Zou J, Lian G, Chen S, Huang K, Chen Y. TIMP1 down-regulation enhances gemcitabine sensitivity and reverses chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 189:114085. [PMID: 32522594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of gemcitabine (GEM) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is limited due to low drug sensitivity and high drug resistance. Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease 1 (TIMP1) is reportedly associated with GEM resistance in PDAC. However, the effect of TIMP1 down-regulation in combination with GEM treatment is unknown. We analyzed the expression of TIMP1 in human PDAC tissue using western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry. TIMP1 was highly expressed in PDAC specimens. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that a higher level of TIMP1 was correlated with poorer overall survival in 103 PDAC patients. The mRNA and protein expression profiles of TIMP1 were explored in the HTERT-HPNE human pancreatic ductal epithelium cell line, five PDAC cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, BxPC-3, Capan2, and SW1990), and two GEM-resistant PDAC cell lines (MIA PaCa-2R and PANC-1R). Compared with HTERT-HPNE, TIMP1 was highly expressed in the PDAC cell lines. In addition, TIMP1 was upregulated in GEM-resistant PDAC cell lines compared with their parental cells. When TIMP1 was knocked-down using short hairpin RNA, GEM-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis were increased, while colony formation was repressed in MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and their GEM-resistant cells. When Bax was activated by BAM7 or Bcl-2 was inhibited by venetoclax, CCK-8 assays demonstrated that GEM sensitivity was restored in GEM-resistant cells. When Bax was down-regulated by siRNA, CCK-8 assays verified that GEM sensitivity was decreased in PDAC cells. The observations that TIMP1 knockdown enhanced GEM sensitivity and reversed chemoresistance by inducing cells apoptosis indicated cooperative antitumor effects of shTIMP1 and GEM therapy on PDAC cells. The combination may be a potential strategy for PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xuanna Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhenfeng Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shangxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jinmao Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Guoda Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kaihong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Yinting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Garmezy B, Schaefer JK, Mercer J, Talpaz M. A provider's guide to primary myelofibrosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Blood Rev 2020; 45:100691. [PMID: 32354563 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular biology of primary myelofibrosis continues to improve, treatment options are limited, and several biological features remain unexplained. With an appropriate clinical history, exam, laboratory evaluation, and bone marrow biopsy, the diagnosis can often be established. Recent studies have better characterized prognostic factors and driver mutations in myelofibrosis, facilitated by use of next-generation sequencing. These advances have facilitated development of a management strategy that is based on both risk factors and clinical phenotype. For low-risk patients, treatment will depend on symptom severity. For patients with higher-risk disease, several treatments are available including JAK inhibitors, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and clinical trials using novel molecularly targeted therapies and rational drug combinations. In this review, we outline what is known about the disease pathogenesis, discuss an approach to reaching the diagnosis, review the prognosis of myelofibrosis, and detail current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Garmezy
- Division of Cancer Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jordan K Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jessica Mercer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Wang Q, Liu X, Zhang J, Lu L, Feng M, Wang J. Dynamic features of liver fibrogenesis and fibrosis resolution in the absence of matrix metalloproteinase‑9. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5239-5248. [PMID: 31638220 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The two‑edged effect of matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP9) makes it difficult to understand its role in liver fibrogenesis and fibrosis resolution. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic features of liver fibrogenesis and fibrosis resolution in the absence of MMP9. MMP9‑/‑ mice were used to induce liver fibrosis by thioacetamide. The degrees of liver fibrogenesis and fibrosis resolution were designated by the levels of collagen I, III and IV, which were determined via western blotting. Liver injury and the transcriptional levels of MMPs and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were also determined. It was revealed that, in the absence of MMP9, acute liver injury was attenuated and the expression of collagen was alleviated at the early stage of liver fibrosis, particularly in the first 3 weeks. However, their levels increased to levels as high as those in the control group by week 8. During liver fibrosis resolution, in the absence of MMP9, the ratio of (MMP9 + MMP13)/TIMP1 and the ratio of (MMP2+ MMP14)/TIMP2 were decreased, and the collagen levels were increased. The present study revealed the dynamic features of liver fibrogenesis and fibrosis resolution in the absence of MMP9. The information obtained here will improve current understanding of the effect that MMP9 has in liver fibrogenesis and fibrosis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanrongzi Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xisheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Megakaryocyte Contribution to Bone Marrow Fibrosis: many Arrows in the Quiver. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2018; 10:e2018068. [PMID: 30416700 PMCID: PMC6223581 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2018.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF), megakaryocyte dysplasia/hyperplasia determines the release of inflammatory cytokines that, in turn, stimulate stromal cells and induce bone marrow fibrosis. The pathogenic mechanism and the cells responsible for progression to bone marrow fibrosis in PMF are not completely understood. This review article aims to provide an overview of the crucial role of megakaryocytes in myelofibrosis by discussing the role and the altered secretion of megakaryocyte-derived soluble factors, enzymes and extracellular matrices that are known to induce bone marrow fibrosis.
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10
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Tryptase Promotes the Profibrotic Phenotype Transfer of Atrial Fibroblasts by PAR2 and PPARγ Pathway. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:568-575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Leiva O, Ng SK, Chitalia S, Balduini A, Matsuura S, Ravid K. The role of the extracellular matrix in primary myelofibrosis. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e525. [PMID: 28157219 PMCID: PMC5386340 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that arises from clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and leads to progressive bone marrow (BM) fibrosis. While cellular mutations involved in the development of PMF have been heavily investigated, noteworthy is the important role the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays in the progression of BM fibrosis. This review surveys ECM proteins contributors of PMF, and highlights how better understanding of the control of the ECM within the BM niche may lead to combined therapeutic options in PMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Leiva
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S K Ng
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Chitalia
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Matsuura
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Ravid
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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A comparison of incidences of bladder neck contracture of 80- versus 180-W GreenLight laser photoselective vaporization of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1573-1581. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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Agarwal A, Morrone K, Bartenstein M, Zhao ZJ, Verma A, Goel S. Bone marrow fibrosis in primary myelofibrosis: pathogenic mechanisms and the role of TGF-β. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:5. [PMID: 27358897 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2016.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with adverse prognosis and is associated with bone marrow fibrosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Even though the discovery of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) and calreticulin (CALR) mutations have brought new insights into the complex pathogenesis of MPNs, the etiology of fibrosis is not well understood. Furthermore, since JAK2 inhibitors do not lead to reversal of fibrosis further understanding of the biology of fibrotic process is needed for future therapeutic discovery. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is implicated as an important cytokine in pathogenesis of bone marrow fibrosis. Various mouse models have been developed and have established the role of TGF-β in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Understanding the molecular alterations that lead to TGF-β mediated effects on bone marrow microenvironment can uncover newer therapeutic targets against myelofibrosis. Inhibition of the TGF-β pathway in conjunction with other therapies might prove useful in the reversal of bone marrow fibrosis in PMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Agarwal
- 1 Steward Carney Hospital, 2100 Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester, MA, USA ; 2 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA ; 3 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kerry Morrone
- 1 Steward Carney Hospital, 2100 Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester, MA, USA ; 2 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA ; 3 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Matthias Bartenstein
- 1 Steward Carney Hospital, 2100 Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester, MA, USA ; 2 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA ; 3 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- 1 Steward Carney Hospital, 2100 Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester, MA, USA ; 2 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA ; 3 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- 1 Steward Carney Hospital, 2100 Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester, MA, USA ; 2 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA ; 3 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Swati Goel
- 1 Steward Carney Hospital, 2100 Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester, MA, USA ; 2 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA ; 3 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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14
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Mabey DCW, Hu V, Bailey RL, Burton MJ, Holland MJ. Towards a safe and effective chlamydial vaccine: lessons from the eye. Vaccine 2014; 32:1572-8. [PMID: 24606636 PMCID: PMC3991328 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As well as being the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection, Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the leading infectious cause of blindness. The pathogenesis of ocular chlamydial infection (trachoma) is similar to that of genital infection. In the 1960s the efficacy of Ct vaccines against ocular infection was evaluated in major field trials in Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, The Gambia, India and Ethiopia. These trials showed that it was possible to induce short term immunity to ocular infection, and to reduce the incidence of inflammatory trachoma, by parenteral immunisation with killed or live whole organism vaccines. In one study, it was also shown that the incidence of scarring sequelae was reduced in vaccinated children. Detailed studies in non-human primates conducted at this time suggested that vaccination could lead to more severe inflammatory disease on subsequent challenge. Since that time there have been many studies on the immunological correlates of protective immunity and immunopathology in ocular Ct infection in humans and non-human primates, and on host genetic polymorphisms associated with protection from adverse sequelae. These have provided important information to guide the development and evaluation of a human Ct vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C W Mabey
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
| | - Victor Hu
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Robin L Bailey
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Burton
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Holland
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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15
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Abstract
Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), is the leading infectious blinding disease worldwide. Chronic conjunctival inflammation develops in childhood and leads to eyelid scarring and blindness in adulthood. The immune response to Ct provides only partial protection against re-infection, which can be frequent. Moreover, the immune response is central to the development of scarring pathology, leading to loss of vision. Here we review the current literature on both protective and pathological immune responses in trachoma. The resolution of Ct infection in animal models is IFNγ-dependent, involving Th1 cells, but whether this is the case in human ocular infection still needs to be confirmed. An increasing number of studies indicate that innate immune responses arising from the epithelium and other innate immune cells, along with changes in matrix metalloproteinase activity, are important in the development of tissue damage and scarring. Current trachoma control measures, which are centred on repeated mass antibiotic treatment of populations, are logistically challenging and have the potential to drive antimicrobial resistance. A trachoma vaccine would offer significant advantages. However, limited understanding of the mechanisms of both protective immunity and immunopathology to Ct remain barriers to vaccine development.
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16
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Malik M, Segars J, Catherino WH. Integrin β1 regulates leiomyoma cytoskeletal integrity and growth. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:389-97. [PMID: 23023061 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are characterized by an excessive extracellular matrix, increased mechanical stress, and increased active RhoA. Previously, we observed that mechanical signaling was attenuated in leiomyoma, but the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Integrins, especially integrin β1, are transmembrane adhesion receptors that couple extracellular matrix stresses to the intracellular cytoskeleton to influence cell proliferation and differentiation. Here we characterized integrin and laminin to signaling in leiomyoma cells. We observed a 2.25±0.32 fold increased expression of integrin β1 in leiomyoma cells, compared to myometrial cells. Antibody-mediated inhibition of integrin β1 led to significant growth inhibition in leiomyoma cells and a loss of cytoskeletal integrity. Specifically, polymerization of actin filaments and formation of focal adhesions were reduced by inhibition of integrin β1. Inhibition of integrin β1 in leiomyoma cells led to 0.81±0.02 fold decrease in active RhoA, and resembled levels found in serum-starved cells. Likewise, inhibition of integrin β1 was accompanied by a decrease in phospho-ERK. Compared to myometrial cells, leiomyoma cells demonstrated increased expression of integrin α6 subunit to laminin receptor (1.91±0.11 fold), and increased expression of laminin 5α (1.52±0.02), laminin 5β (3.06±0.92), and laminin 5γ (1.66±0.06). Of note, leiomyoma cells grown on laminin matrix appear to realign themselves. Taken together, the findings reveal that the attenuated mechanical signaling in leiomyoma cells is accompanied by an increased expression and a dependence on integrin β1 signaling in leiomyoma cells, compared to myometrial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnie Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
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17
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Interleukin-6, its role in fibrosing conditions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Vadikolia CM, Tsatalas C, Anagnostopoulos K, Trypsianis G, Pantelidou D, Bazdiara I, Anastasiadis A, Spanoudakis E, Kotsianidis I, Margaritis D, Kortsaris A, Bourikas G. Proteolytic matrix metallopeptidases and inhibitors in BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: correlation with JAK2 mutation status. Acta Haematol 2011; 126:54-62. [PMID: 21474922 DOI: 10.1159/000324436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) share the same acquired lesion JAK2(V617F) and may exhibit substantial overlap. Variability in JAK activation and allele burden, complemented by host, genetic and non-genetic modifiers, determine the phenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of the JAK2 mutation in association with the ratio of metallopeptidases inhibitors (TIMPs) to tissue metallopeptidases (MMPs) in MPNs, where inhibitory rather than proteolytic activity in marrow microenvironment appears to predominate. METHODS 94 patients with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis, and 102 healthy individuals were evaluated. Allele-specific PCR and RFLP were used to detect JAK2 and genomic status. Serum concentrations of MMP and TIMP were measured by ELISA. The parameters were assessed with covariance analysis, and adjusted for gender, age and co-morbidity. RESULTS Mutation frequency was 81.91%. Abnormal TIMP/MMP ratios were identified in all three diseases. JAK2 mutation was correlated with significant changes in TIMP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Identification of an abnormal TIMP/MMP ratio in all three diseases, regardless of the JAK2 status, indicates invariable marrow remodeling. In this particular group of patients, presence of a JAK2(V617F) mutation, being associated with even higher ratios, appears to be a concurring participant in bone marrow-reforming processes. Additional research may delineate correlates with the JAK2 allelic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Vadikolia
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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19
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Wang RQ, Nan YM, Wu WJ, Kong LB, Han F, Zhao SX, Kong L, Yu J. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects against nutritional fibrosing steatohepatitis in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:31. [PMID: 21314960 PMCID: PMC3048569 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an antioxidant defense enzyme, has been shown to protect against oxidant-induced liver injury. However, its role on liver fibrosis remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the effect and the mechanism of HO-1 in nutritional fibrosing steatohepatitis in mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for eight weeks to induce hepatic fibrosis. HO-1 chemical inducer (hemin), HO-1 chemical inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP-IX) and/or adenovirus carrying HO-1 gene (Ad-HO-1) were administered to mice, respectively. Liver injury was assessed by serum ALT, AST levels and histological examination; hepatic lipid peroxides levels were determined; the expression levels of several fibrogenic related genes were assayed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. RESULTS MCD feeding mice showed progressive hepatic injury including hepatic steatosis, inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis. Induction of HO-1 by hemin or Ad-HO-1 significantly attenuated the severity of liver injury. This effect was associated with the up-regulation of HO-1, reduction of hepatic lipid peroxides levels, down-regulation of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 as well as the pro-fibrotic genes alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β1, matrix metallopeptidase-2 and matrix metallopeptidase-9. A contrary effect was observed in mice treated with ZnPP-IX. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided the evidence for the protective role of HO-1 in ameliorating MCD diet-induced fibrosing steatohepatitis. Modulation of HO-1 expression might serve as a therapeutic approach for fibrotic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qi Wang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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20
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Xie JY, Chen N, Ren H, Wang WM. Angiotensin II-mediated activation of fibrotic pathways through ERK1/2 in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells. Ren Fail 2010; 32:871-9. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2010.494807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
Uncontrolled production of collagen I is the main feature of liver fibrosis. Following a fibrogenic stimulus such as alcohol, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) transform into an activated collagen-producing cell. In alcoholic liver disease, numerous changes in gene expression are associated with HSC activation, including the induction of several intracellular signaling cascades, which help maintain the activated phenotype and control the fibrogenic and proliferative state of the cell. Detailed analyses for understanding the molecular basis of the collagen I gene regulation have revealed a complex process involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) as key mediators. Less is known, however, about the contribution of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In addition, a series of cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines, which activate extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells through paracrine and autocrine loops, contribute to the fibrogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Urtasun
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1123, Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-76, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - L. Conde de la Rosa
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1123, Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-76, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - N. Nieto
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1123, Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-76, New York, NY 10029, USA
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22
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Zheng J, Wen R, Guillaume D. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (CoMFA and CoMSIA) studies on galardin derivatives as gelatinase A (matrix metalloproteinase 2) inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:445-53. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360701632221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ren Wen
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dominique Guillaume
- Faculté de Pharmacie, FRE 2715 CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, 51100, France
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23
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Wang L, Wang BE, Wang J, Xiao PG, Tan XH. Herbal compound 861 regulates mRNA expression of collagen synthesis- and degradation-related genes in human hepatic stellate cells. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:1790-4. [PMID: 18350612 PMCID: PMC2695921 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the role of herbal compound 861 (Cpd 861) in the regulation of mRNA expression of collagen synthesis- and degradation-related genes in human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).
METHODS: mRNA levels of collagen typesIand III, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in cultured-activated HSCs treated with Cpd 861 or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were determined by real-time PCR.
RESULTS: Both Cpd 861 and IFN-γ reduced the mRNA levels of collagen type III, MMP-2 and TGF-β1. Moreover, Cpd 861 significantly enhanced the MMP-1 mRNA levels while down-regulated the TIMP-1 mRNA expression, increasing the ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 to (6.3 + 0.3)- fold compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION: The anti-fibrosis function of Cpd 861 may be mediated by both decreased interstitial collagen synthesis by inhibiting the transcription of collagen type III and TGF-β1 and increased degradation of these collagens by up-regulating MMP-1 and down-regulating TIMP-1 mRNA levels.
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Amin EA, Welsh WJ. Highly predictive CoMFA and CoMSIA models for two series of stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) inhibitors elucidate S1' and S1-S2' binding modes. J Chem Inf Model 2006; 46:1775-83. [PMID: 16859309 DOI: 10.1021/ci060089d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship models have been derived using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) for two training sets of arylsulfonyl isoquinoline-based and thazine/thiazepine-based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs). The crystal structure of stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) was used to pinpoint areas on the ligands and receptors where steric and electrostatic effects (for CoMFA) and steric, electrostatic, hydrogen-bond donor, hydrogen-bond acceptor, and hydrophobic effects (for CoMSIA) correlate with an increase or decrease in experimental biological activity. The most predictive CoMFA and CoMSIA models were obtained using training-series subsets that sampled a wide range of activities, together with docking and scoring, inertial alignment, investigation of various partial charge formalisms, and manual adjustment of each compound within the active site. The models developed in this study are in agreement with experimentally observed MMP-3 structure-activity relationship data and offer new insights into binding modes involving the partly solvent-exposed S1-S2' subpocket and certain zinc-chelating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Amin
- Department of Chemistry and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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25
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Bock O, Neuse J, Hussein K, Brakensiek K, Buesche G, Buhr T, Wiese B, Kreipe H. Aberrant collagenase expression in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis is related to the stage of disease but not to the JAK2 mutation status. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:471-81. [PMID: 16877349 PMCID: PMC1780160 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow fibrosis in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (cIMF) most likely represents an imbalance between synthesis and turnover of collagen fibers. Because the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we examined the expression of MMPs, their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and collagen types in relation to the JAK2 status (V617F mutation versus wild-type) in cIMF (n = 64). Whereas no correlation was found between the JAK2 status and MMP gene products, there was an evident association with the stage of disease. Membrane type 1-MMP (MMP-14) was overexpressed by up to 80-fold in advanced stages that progressed to fibrosis (P < 0.001), and megakaryocytes and endothelial cells were unmasked as the major cellular source. By contrast, a significantly higher expression of neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8) was encountered in the prefibrotic stages of cIMF (P < 0.001). Altogether, the stepwise progress of myelofibrosis in cIMF was associated with expression of a defined subset of target genes as shown in sequential trephine biopsies of cIMF patients. We conclude that the expression of matrix-modeling genes in cIMF is not influenced by the JAK2 mutation status but is predominantly related to the stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bock
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) is the least common of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders and carries the worst prognosis with a median survival of 4 years. It is a clonal haematopoietic stem-cell disorder and, although the pathogenesis remains unclear, approximately 50% of cases are known to possess an activating JAK2 V617F mutation. In contrast, the characteristic stromal proliferation is a reactive, or secondary, event that results from the aberrant release of a variety of growth factors from megakaryocytes and monocytes. Treatment for most cases is supportive, although androgens, recombinant erythropoietin, steroids and thalidomide are effective modalities for the amelioration of anaemia. Myelosuppression, splenectomy and irradiation are valuable therapeutic modalities for specific clinical situations. Prognostic scores are available to aid the identification of cases for whom bone marrow transplantation should be considered. Recently, the use of reduced intensity conditioning has resulted in prolonged survival and lower transplant-related mortality. This review summarises the recent advances in the disease's pathogenesis and discusses the role of the various therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Reilly
- Academic Unit of Haematology, Division of Genomic Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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