1
|
Kalinin V, Padnya P, Stoikov I. Romanowsky staining: history, recent advances and future prospects from a chemistry perspective. Biotech Histochem 2024; 99:1-20. [PMID: 37929609 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2273860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Romanowsky staining was an important methodological breakthrough in diagnostic hematology and cytopathology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; it has facilitated for decades the work of biologists, hematologists and pathologists working with blood cells. Despite more than a century of studying Romanowsky staining, no systematic review has been published that explains the chemical processes that produce the "Romanowsky effect" or "Romanowsky-Giemsa effect" (RGE), i.e., a purple coloration arising from the interaction of an azure dye with eosin and not due merely to their simultaneous presence. Our review is an attempt to build a bridge between chemists and biomedical scientists and to summarize the available data on methylene blue (MB) demethylation as well as the related reduction and decomposition of MB to simpler compounds by both light and enzyme systems and microorganisms. To do this, we analyze modern data on the mechanisms of MB demethylation both in the presence of acids and bases and by disproportionation due to the action of light. We also offer an explanation for why the RGE occurs only when azure B, or to a lesser extent, azure A is present by applying experimental and calculated physicochemical parameters including dye-DNA binding constants and electron density distributions in the molecules of these ligands. Finally, we discuss modern techniques for obtaining new varieties of Romanowsky dyes by modifying previously known ones. We hope that our critical literature study will help scientists understand better the chemical and physicochemical processes and mechanisms of cell staining with such dyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Kalinin
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Noble A. From geranium lakes to catalysis with light. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1734. [PMID: 39363098 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dukhopelnykov E, Bereznyak E, Gladkovskaya N, Skuratovska A, Krivonos D. Studies of eosin Y - DNA interaction using a competitive binding assay. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119114. [PMID: 33166781 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between xanthene dye eosin Y and double stranded DNA has been studied by spectrophotometry. The conventional titration study does not show the interaction in the eosin Y - DNA system. Therefore, the competitive binding assay was carried out. The DNA-targeted ligands proflavine and methylene blue were used as competitors. Multivariate curve resolution - alternative least squares method (MCR-ALS) was applied to analyze the spectrophotometric titration data. The experimental binding isotherms were fitted by Scatchard and McGee equations. The binding constant of eosin Y with DNA was found to be 1.7·104 M-1. It is shown that the competitive binding assay requires consideration of heteroassociation for the correct determination of ligand-DNA binding parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Dukhopelnykov
- Biological Physics Department, O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12 Ak. Proskura Str., Kharkov 61085, Ukraine; Department of Biomedical and Medical Physics, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svoboda Sq., Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine.
| | - Ekaterina Bereznyak
- Biological Physics Department, O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12 Ak. Proskura Str., Kharkov 61085, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Gladkovskaya
- Biological Physics Department, O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12 Ak. Proskura Str., Kharkov 61085, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia Skuratovska
- Biological Physics Department, O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12 Ak. Proskura Str., Kharkov 61085, Ukraine
| | - Daria Krivonos
- Department of Biomedical and Medical Physics, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svoboda Sq., Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biasiori-Poulanges L, Jarny S, El-Rabii H. Data on eosin Y solutions for laser-induced fluorescence in water flows. Data Brief 2020; 29:105350. [PMID: 32195295 PMCID: PMC7075803 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye tracing techniques involve the tagging of a sample of water with dye, providing important qualitative and quantitative information. This article presents physical and fluorescence properties of dye solutions obtained by diluting a pharmaceutical aqueous solution of eosin Y with distilled water. Sample solutions with eosin concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 g/L were examined under various temperatures and laser powers. The data include measurements of dynamic viscosity, surface tension and pH. Fluorescence emission spectra as well as laser beam attenuation and photobleaching measurements are also reported. The datasets provide guidelines for obtaining optimal dye mixtures and suitable optical configurations to implement eosin fluorescence techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Biasiori-Poulanges
- Institut Pprime, CNRS UPR 3346 - Université de Poitiers - ISAE-ENSMA, 1 avenue Clément Ader, 86961 Futuroscope, France
| | - Sébastien Jarny
- Institut Pprime, CNRS UPR 3346 - Université de Poitiers - ISAE-ENSMA, 1 avenue Clément Ader, 86961 Futuroscope, France
| | - Hazem El-Rabii
- Institut Pprime, CNRS UPR 3346 - Université de Poitiers - ISAE-ENSMA, 1 avenue Clément Ader, 86961 Futuroscope, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kooli F, Rakass S, Liu Y, Abboudi M, Oudghiri Hassani H, Muhammad Ibrahim S, Al Wadaani F, Al-Faze R. Eosin Removal by Cetyl Trimethylammonium-Cloisites: Influence of the Surfactant Solution Type and Regeneration Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:E3015. [PMID: 31434234 PMCID: PMC6720785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the counteranion of hexadecyltrimethylammonium salts on the physico-chemical properties of organoclays was investigated, using a selected natural clay mineral with a cation exchange capacity of 95 meq/100 g. The uptake amount of C16 cations was dependent on the hexadecyltrimethylammonium (C16) salt solution used, the organoclay prepared from C16Br salt solution exhibited a value of 1. 05 mmole/g higher than those prepared from C16Cl and C16OH salt solutions. The basal spacing of these organoclays was in the range of 1.81 nm to 2.10 nm, indicating a similar orientation of the intercalated surfactants, and could indicated that the excess amount of surfactants, above the cation exchange capacity of 0.95 meq/g could be adsorbed on the external surface of the clay mineral sheets. These organoclays were found to be stable in neutral, acidic, and basic media. The thermal stability of these organoclays was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis and in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The decomposition of the surfactant occurred at a maximum temperature of 240 °C, accompanied with a decrease of the basal spacing value close to 1.42 nm. The application of these organoclays was investigated to remove an acidic dye, eosin. The removal amount was related to the initial used concentrations, the amount of the surfactants contents, and to the preheated temperatures of the organoclays. The removal was found to be endothermic process with a maximum amount of 55 mg of eosin/g of organoclay. The value decreased to 25 mg/g, when the intercalated surfactants were decomposed. The reuse of these organoclays was limited to four regeneration recycles with a reduction of 20 to 30%. However, noticeable reduction between 35% to 50% of the initial efficiency, was achieved after the fifth cycle, depending of the used organoclays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Kooli
- Al-Mahd Branch Community College, Taibah University, Al-Mahd 42112, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Souad Rakass
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Mostafa Abboudi
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Oudghiri Hassani
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, P.O. Box 1796 (Atlas), Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Al Wadaani
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Al-Faze
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alvarez-Martin A, Cleland TP, Kavich GM, Janssens K, Newsome GA. Rapid Evaluation of the Debromination Mechanism of Eosin in Oil Paint by Direct Analysis in Real Time and Direct Infusion-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10856-10863. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Alvarez-Martin
- Smithsonian Institution Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
- AXES, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Timothy P. Cleland
- Smithsonian Institution Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gwénaëlle M. Kavich
- Smithsonian Institution Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Koen Janssens
- AXES, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G. Asher Newsome
- Smithsonian Institution Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kooli F, Liu Y, Abboudi M, Rakass S, Hassani HO, Ibrahim SM, Al-Faze R. Application of Organo-Magadiites for the Removal of Eosin Dye from Aqueous Solutions: Thermal Treatment and Regeneration. Molecules 2018; 23:E2280. [PMID: 30200610 PMCID: PMC6225231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Na-magadiite exchanged with cetyl-trimethylammonium cations provided organophilic silicate materials that allowed for the effective removal of the acidic dye "eosin". The organic cations were intercalated into the interlayer spacing of the layered silicate via an exchange reaction between the organic cations from their bromide salt and the solid Na-magadiite at room temperature. Different techniques were used to characterize the effect of the initial concentration of the surfactant on the structure of the organo-magadiites. The C, H, and N analysis indicated that a maximum of organic cations of 0.97 mmol/g was achieved and was accompanied by an expansion of the basal spacing of 3.08 nm, with a tilted angle of 59° to the silicate layers. The conformation of the organic surfactants was probed using solid-state 13C, finding mainly the trans conformation similar to that of the starting cetyl trimethylammonium bromide salt (C16TMABr). Thermal gravimetric analysis was carried out to study the thermal stability of the resulting organo-magadiites. The intercalated surfactants started to decompose at 200 °C, with a mass loss percentage of 8% to 25%, depending on the initial loading of the surfactant, and was accompanied by a decrease of the basal spacing from 3.16 nm to 2.51 nm, as deduced from the in situ X-ray diffraction studies. At temperatures below 220 °C, an expansion of the basal spacing from 3.15 to 3.34 nm occurred. These materials were used as a removal agent for the anionic dye eosin. The maximum amount of the dye removed was related to the organic cation content and to the initial concentration of eosin, with an improvement from 2.5 mg/g to 80.65 mg/g. This value decreased when the organo-magadiite was preheated at temperatures above 200 °C. The regeneration tests indicated that an 85% removal efficiency was maintained after six cycles of use for the organo-magadiite using Ci of 200 mg/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Kooli
- Community College, Taibah University-Al-Mahd Branch, Al-Mahd 42112, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore.
| | - Mostafa Abboudi
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Souad Rakass
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hicham Oudghiri Hassani
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia.
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B. P. 1796 (Atlas), Fès 30003, Morocco.
| | - Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rawan Al-Faze
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|