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Clune S, Ratnaike D, White V, Donaldson A, Randle E, O'Halloran P, Lewis V. What is known about population level programs designed to address gambling-related harm: rapid review of the evidence. Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:118. [PMID: 38890632 PMCID: PMC11184756 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-01032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling and gambling-related harm attract significant researcher and policy attention. The liberalisation of gambling in most western countries is strongly associated with a marked rise in gambling activity and increases in gambling-related harm experienced at the population level. Programs to address gambling-related harm have traditionally focused on individuals who demonstrate problematic gambling behaviour, despite clear evidence of the effectiveness of a public health approach to high-risk activities like gambling. Little is known about the availability or efficacy of programs to address gambling-related harm at a population level. METHODS The Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation commissioned a rapid evidence review of the available evidence on programs designed to reduce gambling-related harm at a population level. The review was conducted using a public health and harm reduction lens. MEDLINE, ProQuest Central and PsychInfo databases were searched systematically. Included studies were published in English between 2017 - 2023 from all countries with gambling policy contexts and public health systems comparable to Australia's; included primary data; and focused on primary and/or secondary prevention of gambling-related harm or problems. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-seven articles were eligible for inclusion. Themes identified in the literature included: risk and protective factors; primary prevention; secondary prevention; tertiary prevention; target population group; and public health approach. The evidence review revealed a gap in empirical evidence around effective interventions to reduce gambling-related harm at the population level, particularly from a public health perspective. CONCLUSIONS Addressing gambling-related harm requires a nuanced, multi-layered approach that acknowledges the complex social, environmental, and commercial nature of gambling and associated harms. Moreover, evidence demonstrates community programs to reduce gambling-related harm are more successful in reducing harm when based on sound theory of co-design and address the social aspects that contribute to harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Clune
- Australian Institute for Primary Care & Ageing (AIPCA), La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Deepika Ratnaike
- Australian Institute for Primary Care & Ageing (AIPCA), La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Vanessa White
- Australian Institute for Primary Care & Ageing (AIPCA), La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Alex Donaldson
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact (CSSI), La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Erica Randle
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact (CSSI), La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Paul O'Halloran
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact (CSSI), La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Virginia Lewis
- Australian Institute for Primary Care & Ageing (AIPCA), La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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Parental gambling frequency and adolescent gambling: A cross-sectional path model involving adolescents and parents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280996. [PMID: 36780466 PMCID: PMC9925005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, most of the research studies in the field of adolescent gambling are focused on individual factors related to problem gambling. The aim of this study was to test an integrated model to explain adolescent problem gambling involving both individual (i.e., correct gambling knowledge, superstitious thinking, and gambling-related cognitive distortions) and environmental factors (i.e., parental gambling frequency). In detail, the aim was to better understand the role of parental gambling behavior on adolescents' gambling frequency and problem gambling severity, to draw indications for prevention. METHODS Participants were 680 parents (36% men; Mage = 48.32, SD = 6.14 years) of 680 high school students (51% boys; Mage = 15.51, SD = .55 years) attending the second year of different high schools in Tuscany (Italy). Data collection occurred within the school prevention program PRIZE (Prevention of gambling risk among adolescents). RESULTS A path model showed was conducted to detect direct and indirect effects from individual and environmental factors to gambling problem severity. Analyses showed that correct gambling knowledge and superstitious thinking were directly related-respectively in a negative and a positive direction-both to gambling-related cognitive distortions and adolescents' gambling frequency. Parental gambling frequency was directly associated with adolescents' gambling frequency. Correct gambling knowledge and superstitious thinking were indirectly related to adolescents' gambling problem severity through the mediational role of gambling-related cognitive distortions and gambling frequency. Parental gambling frequency was indirectly linked to gambling problem severity by passing through adolescents' gambling frequency. CONCLUSIONS The current cross-sectional results confirm that parental gambling behavior has an important role for adolescents' gambling behavior and severity. Thus, results highlight the need for innovative prevention programs which involve adolescents' adult reference figures and integrate the individual risk and protective factors with the environmental ones.
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Macía L, Estévez A, Jáuregui P. Gambling: Exploring the Role of Gambling Motives, Attachment and Addictive Behaviours Among Adolescents and Young Women. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:183-201. [PMID: 35579778 PMCID: PMC9981506 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of research that seeks to understand the aetiology, consequences and risk factors associated with addictive behaviours in youths. However, research examining the specific profile of adolescent females is very limited. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were, firstly, to explore the differences between attachment, gambling motives (social enhancement and coping), positive and negative affect, and addictive behaviours (gambling, drugs, spending, alcohol and video games) in female adolescents with and without risk of gambling problems. Secondly, the relationships between attachment, gambling motives, positive and negative affect and addictive behaviours were analysed in the subsample of female adolescents with problem gambling Thirdly, we examine the predictive role of positive and negative affect, gambling motives, and attachment in the aforementioned addictive behaviours. The sample was composed of 351 adolescents and young women, of which 312 had no risk of gambling and 39 had gambling problems. The results obtained revealed higher scores in drugs, spending, maternal attachment, and all gambling motives in the group of gambling problems. Likewise, analyses showed that the relevance of the predictor variables (attachment, gambling motives, and affect) varied according to the addiction that was taken as a reference point (i.e., gambling, drugs, spending, alcohol and video games).Consequently, the identification of the possible vulnerability factors for each addiction could be useful in the design of prevention and treatment approaches. In addition, the need for integrated and holistic health- and social- care programmes are suggested in terms of sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Macía
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - A. Estévez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - P. Jáuregui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Zhou H, Chen JH, Ling H, Tong KK, Wu AMS. Psychometric Properties of the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents in Chinese Adolescent Gamblers. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1605182. [DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Adolescent gambling is a public health concern of increasing importance. The lack of comprehensive evaluations on adolescent gambling disorder (GD) assessment tools hinders the timely detection of Chinese adolescents with gambling problems. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA) and determine its optimal screening cutoff score among Chinese adolescent gamblers to address this gap.Methods: We surveyed 1407 Chinese secondary school students aged 11–19 years in Macao, China, among which 258 past-year gamblers’ data was used for assessing SOGS-RA’s performance in detecting risk for adolescent GD.Results: SOGS-RA displayed satisfactory reliability and validity for assessing probable GD among Chinese adolescent gamblers. Under the DSM-5 GD framework, we proposed ≥4 as SOGS-RA’s optimal cutoff score of screening for probable GD and further identified 5.8% of past-year gamblers prone to probable GD in the present study.Conclusion: SOGS-RA can provide a reliable and valid assessment of adolescent’ GD risk in the Chinese context, facilitate early identification of probable GD cases, and alleviate the public health concern for Chinese adolescents.
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Angioletti L, Balconi M. Binge Drinking and Problem Gambling Association in Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:845505. [PMID: 35634206 PMCID: PMC9137036 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.845505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Angioletti
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Angioletti
| | - Michela Balconi
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Dodig Hundric D, Mandic S, Ricijas N. Short-Term Effectiveness of the Youth Gambling Prevention Program "Who Really Wins?"-Results from the First National Implementation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10100. [PMID: 34639404 PMCID: PMC8507822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a response to significant adolescent gambling involvement, a Croatian team of researchers and practitioners developed a universal, comprehensive, evidence-based youth gambling prevention program called "Who Really Wins?". This study presents the results on its short-term effectiveness following the first national implementation in 18 Croatian cities, with a total of 629 high school students (66.5% male) who completed the program. A design with two measurement sessions (pre-test and post-test) was used to explore the short-term effects of the program on gambling-related knowledge and cognition, frequency of gambling, and various socio-emotional skills. The results showed significant effects when it comes to knowledge, cognitive distortions, and the frequency of sports betting and playing lottery games. Furthermore, the program had no harmful effects on any of the measured variables. The results are interpreted in terms of methodological challenges in measuring effects, possible improvements of the program, and implications for future evaluation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Dodig Hundric
- Department of Behavioral Disorders, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.M.); (N.R.)
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Conversano C. The Psychodynamic Approach During COVID-19 Emotional Crisis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:670196. [PMID: 33897574 PMCID: PMC8062854 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.670196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Riley BJ, Oster C, Rahamathulla M, Lawn S. Attitudes, Risk Factors, and Behaviours of Gambling among Adolescents and Young People: A Literature Review and Gap Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:984. [PMID: 33499418 PMCID: PMC7908209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gambling is occurring in a rapidly changing landscape, with new trends and technologies affecting gambling behaviour and problem gambling across a range of populations. Gambling activity among adolescents and young people has received considerable research attention due to a high prevalence of gambling reported among these groups in recent years. Despite legislation worldwide to constrain gambling among adolescents and young people, modern technology, such as online gaming apps and online gambling venues, has significantly increased their exposure to the risks of problem gambling. It is important, therefore, to have up to date information about what is currently known about gambling and to explore gaps in our knowledge. This gap analysis presents the results of a systematic approach to reviewing the current literature on gambling behaviour, attitudes, and associated risk factors for gambling and problem gambling among adolescents and young adults (aged 10-25 years). The review included studies published between January 2015 and August 2020 and included 85 studies for final synthesis. Findings reveal further research is needed on the implications for young people of emerging technologies and new trends in gambling in the digital age. The current gap analysis reveals that this should include more research on the development and impact of both treatment and intervention strategies, and policy and regulatory frameworks from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Riley
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.J.R.); (C.O.)
| | - Candice Oster
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.J.R.); (C.O.)
| | - Mubarak Rahamathulla
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Social Work, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
| | - Sharon Lawn
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.J.R.); (C.O.)
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A Longitudinal Analysis of Gambling Predictors among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249266. [PMID: 33322378 PMCID: PMC7763018 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although gambling is forbidden for minors, the prevalence of gambling among adolescents is increasing. In order to improve preventive interventions, more evidence on predictors of gambling onset is needed. A longitudinal study was proposed to (1) establish the prevalence of gambling; (2) identify factors associated with gambling behavior the following year; and (3) adjust a model to predict gambling behavior. A cohort of 1074 students (13-18 years old) was followed for 12 months. The prevalence of gambling reached 42.0% in the second measure. Boys gambled 2.7 times more than girls, and the highest percentages of gambling onset showed up between 13 and 14 years old. Gambling onset and maintenance was associated with gender, age, sensation-seeking, risk perception, self-efficacy for not gambling, parents' attitude towards gambling, group pressure (friends), subjective norm, exposure to advertising, accessibility, normative perception, gambling in T1 and parents gambling behavior. Gender, gambling in T1 and risk perception were significant in all three logistic adjusted regression models, with the fourth variable being sensation seeking, peer pressure (friends) and accessibility, respectively. It is suggested that universal prevention should be aimed preferably at children under 15 years old and to alert regulators and public administrations to the directly proportional relationship between accessibility and gambling onset.
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