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Yao X, McFaull SR, Champagne AS, Thompson W. An interrupted time series analysis of trends in opioid-related emergency department visits from pre-COVID-19 pandemic to pandemic, from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1483. [PMID: 37537534 PMCID: PMC10401736 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid-related emergency department (ED) visits in Canada increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but how trends in volume and case severity changed from pre-pandemic times through the pandemic is not known. Trends in ED visits related to specific types of opioids also remain unclear. Our objective was to describe pre-pandemic trends and how they changed with the onset of COVID-19 and thereafter. METHODS Based on data from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, we identified opioid-related ED visits and constructed a time series from March 12, 2018 through March 7, 2021-two pre-COVID periods and one COVID period. We used an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to examine trends in volume and case severity. We compared medians and means of monthly counts and percentages of severe cases between the periods, by sex, age, and opioid type. RESULTS Before the pandemic, there was an increasing trend in fentanyl-related visits for males, females and 25- to 64-year-olds, and a decreasing trend in heroin-related visits for males and 18- to 64-year-olds. Fentanyl-related visits for 18- to 24-year-olds showed an immediate increase at the start of the pandemic and a decreasing trend during the pandemic. Heroin-related visits for 12- to 17-year-olds had an immediate increase at the start of the pandemic; for 18- to 24-year-olds and 45- to 64-year-olds, the prior decreasing pre-pandemic trend ceased. For pooled opioid-related visits, no significant trend in the percentage of severe cases was observed throughout the entire study period. CONCLUSION This study shows that an ITS approach in trend analysis is a valuable supplement to comparisons of before and after measures (with or without controlling seasonal effects). The findings provide evidence on how ED presentations for opioid use evolved in Canada from 2018 to 2021. The results can inform policies designed to reduce opioid-related harm in the context of a public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Yao
- The Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada.
| | - Steven R McFaull
- The Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
| | - André S Champagne
- The Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
| | - Wendy Thompson
- The Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada
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Fuss C, Romm KF, Crawford ND, Harrington KRV, Wang Y, Ma Y, Taggart T, Ruiz MS, Berg CJ. Psychosocial Correlates of Opioid Use Profiles among Young Adults in a Longitudinal Study across 6 US Metropolitan Areas. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:981-988. [PMID: 37082785 PMCID: PMC10645480 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2201839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Examining opioid use profiles over time and related factors among young adults is crucial to informing prevention efforts. Objectives: This study analyzed baseline data (Fall 2018) and one-year follow-up data from a cohort of 2,975 US young adults (Mage=24.55, 42.1% male; 71.7% White; 11.4% Hispanic). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine: 1) psychosocial correlates (i.e. adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], depressive symptoms, parental substance use) of lifetime opioid use (i.e. prescription use vs. nonuse, nonmedical prescription [NMPO] use, and heroin use, respectively); and 2) psychosocial correlates and baseline lifetime use in relation to past 6-month use at one-year follow-up (i.e. prescription use vs. nonuse and NMPO/heroin use, respectively). Results: At baseline, lifetime use prevalence was: 30.2% prescription, 9.7% NMPO, and 3.1% heroin; past 6-month use prevalence was: 7.6% prescription, 2.5% NMPO, and 0.9% heroin. Compared to prescription users, nonusers reported fewer ACEs and having parents more likely to use tobacco, but less likely alcohol; NMPO users did not differ; and heroin users reported more ACEs and having parents more likely to use cannabis but less likely alcohol. At one-year follow-up, past 6-month use prevalence was: 4.3% prescription, 1.3% NMPO, and 1.4% heroin; relative to prescription users, nonusers were less likely to report baseline lifetime opioid use and reported fewer ACEs, and NMPO/heroin users were less likely to report baseline prescription opioid use but more likely heroin use. Conclusions: Psychosocial factors differentially correlate with young adult opioid use profiles, and thus may inform targeted interventions addressing different use patterns and psychosocial risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fuss
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katelyn F Romm
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine,University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Natalie D Crawford
- Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin R V Harrington
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamara Taggart
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Monica S Ruiz
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Yang L, Wang H, Yuan W, Li Y, Gao P, Tiwari N, Chen X, Wang Z, Niu G, Cheng H. Wearable Pressure Sensors Based on MXene/Tissue Papers for Wireless Human Health Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60531-60543. [PMID: 34894673 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Though the widely available, low-cost, and disposable papers have been explored in flexible paper-based pressure sensors, it is still difficult for them to simultaneously achieve ultrahigh sensitivity, low limit and broad range of detection, and high-pressure resolution. Herein, we demonstrate a novel flexible paper-based pressure sensing platform that features the MXene-coated tissue paper (MTP) sandwiched between a polyimide encapsulation layer and a printing paper with interdigital electrodes. After replacing the polyimide with weighing paper in the MTP pressure sensor, the silver interdigital electrodes can be recycled through incineration. The resulting pressure sensor with polyimide or paper encapsulation exhibits a high sensitivity of 509.5 or 344.0 kPa-1, a low limit (∼1 Pa) and a broad range (100 kPa) of detection, and outstanding stability over 10 000 loading/unloading cycles. With ultrahigh sensitivity over a wide pressure range, the flexible pressure sensor can monitor various physiological signals and human movements. Configuring the pressure sensors into an array layout results in a smart artificial electronic skin to recognize the spatial pressure distribution. The flexible pressure sensor can also be integrated with signal processing and wireless communication modules on a face mask as a remote respiration monitoring system to wirelessly detect various respiration conditions and respiratory abnormalities for early self-identification of opioid overdose, pulmonary fibrosis, and other cardiopulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Wenjing Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Electronic Information, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Naveen Tiwari
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guangyu Niu
- Department of Architecture and Art, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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