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Wang YC, Shao YD, Shao CL, Guan XQ, Lu PP, Ning K, Liu BN, Guo HD. Dihydrotanshinone I reduces H9c2 cell damage by regulating AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:89-97. [PMID: 38253954 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the deadliest disease in the world. Previous studies have shown that Dihydrotanshinone I (DHT) can improve cardiac function after myocardial injury. This study aimed to observe the protective effect and mechanism of DHT on H9c2 cells by establishing an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury model. By constructing OGD/R injury simulation of H9c2 cells in a myocardial injury model, the proliferation of H9c2 cells treated with DHT concentrations of 0.1 μmol/L were not affected at 24, 48, and 72 h. DHT can significantly reduce the apoptosis of H9c2 cells caused by OGD/R. Compared with the OGD/R group, DHT treatment significantly reduced the level of MDA and increased the level of SOD in cells. DHT treatment of cells can significantly reduce the levels of ROS and Superoxide in mitochondria in H9c2 cells caused by OGD/R and H2O2. DHT significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of P38MAPK and ERK in H9c2 cells induced by OGD/R, and significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of AKT in H9c2 cells. DHT can significantly reduce the oxidative stress damage of H9c2 cells caused by H2O2 and OGD/R, thereby reducing the apoptosis of H9c2 cells. And this may be related to regulating the phosphorylation levels of AKT, ERK, and P38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chao Wang
- School of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-da Shao
- School of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-le Shao
- School of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Guan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping-Ping Lu
- School of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Ning
- School of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bao-Nian Liu
- School of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Guo
- School of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Academy of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Feng W, Duan C, Pan F, Yan C, Dong H, Wang X, Zhang J. Integration of metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the protective mechanism underlying Wogonoside in acute myocardial ischemia rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116871. [PMID: 37393028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional medicine, both Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) and the traditional formulas composed of it have been used to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular. Wogonoside (Wog) is the biologically active flavonoid compound extracted from the root of SBG, with potential cardiovascular protective effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of Wog on acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) have not yet been clearly elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the protective mechanism of Wog on AMI rats by comprehensively integrating traditional pharmacodynamics, metabolomics, and network pharmacology. METHODS The rat was pretreatment with Wog at a dose of 20 mg/kg/d and 40 mg/kg/d once daily for 10 days and then ligated the left anterior descending coronary artery of rats to establish the AMI rat model. Electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac enzyme levels, heart weight index (HWI), Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and histopathological analyses were adopted to evaluate the protective effect of Wog on AMI rats. Moreover, a serum metabolomic-based UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS approach was performed to find metabolic biomarkers and metabolic pathways, and network pharmacology analysis was applied to predict targets and pathways of Wog in treating AMI. Then, the network pharmacology and metabolomic results were integrated to elucidate the mechanism of Wog in treating AMI. Finally, RT- PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of PTGS1, PTGS2, ALOX5, and ALOX15 to validate the result of integrated metabolomics and network analysis. RESULTS Pharmacodynamic studies suggest that Wog could effectively prevent the ST-segment of electrocardiogram elevation, reduce the myocardial infarct size, heart weight index, and cardiac enzyme levels, and alleviate cardiac histological damage in AMI rats. Metabolomics analysis showed that the disturbances of metabolic profile in AMI rats were partly corrected by Wog and the cardio-protection effects on AMI rats involved 32 differential metabolic biomarkers and 4 metabolic pathways. In addition, the integrated analysis of network pharmacology and metabolomics showed that 7 metabolic biomarkers, 6 targets, and 6 crucial pathways were the main mechanism for the therapeutic application of Wog for AMI. Moreover, the results of RT-PCR showed that PTGS1, PTGS2, ALOX5, and ALOX15 mRNA expression levels were reduced after treatment with Wog. CONCLUSION Wog exerts cardio-protection effects on AMI rats via the regulation of multiple metabolic biomarkers, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, our current study will provide strong scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic application of Wog for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Cancan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Fuzhu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Caiying Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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3
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Luo Q, Sun W, Li Z, Sun J, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Zhu C, Liu B, Ding J. Biomaterials-mediated targeted therapeutics of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122368. [PMID: 37977009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy is widely used to treat acute myocardial infarction. However, its efficacy is limited by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), which occurs paradoxically due to the reperfusion therapy and contributes to the high mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction. Systemic administration of drugs, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, to reduce MIRI is often ineffective due to the inadequate release at the pathological sites. Functional biomaterials are being developed to optimize the use of drugs by improving their targetability and bioavailability and reducing side effects, such as gastrointestinal irritation, thrombocytopenia, and liver damage. This review provides an overview of controlled drug delivery biomaterials for treating MIRI by triggering antioxidation, calcium ion overload inhibition, and/or inflammation regulation mechanisms and discusses the challenges and potential applications of these treatments clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Jichang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Cuilin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, PR China.
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Yurdam FS, Kiş M. The Relationship Between TIMI Flow and MAPH Score in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for STEMI. Int Heart J 2023; 64:791-797. [PMID: 37704410 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The MAPH (mean platelet volume, age, total protein and hematocrit) score is a newly developed simple scoring system for patients with STEMI that has been associated with satisfactory predictive values to determine thrombus burden in STEMI patients. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the relationship between the MAPH risk score and TIMI flow in patients with STEMI.The study included 260 patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention between December 2019 to July 2022, and had TIMI 0 flow in the responsible coronary artery due to STEMI. According to the TIMI flow score after stent implantation, the patients were classified into either the no-reflow group (n = 59) or the normal flow group (n = 201). In order to calculate the MAPH score, ROC analysis was performed to find the cutoff point for each component of the MAPH score. MAPH scores were calculated (MPV + Age + Protein + Hematocrit) for both groups. Our study was a retrospective, observational study.In the multivariable regression analysis, the MAPH score (OR: 0.567; 95%CI: 0.330-0.973, P = 0.04) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (OR: 0.249; 95%CI: 0.129-0.483, P < 0.001) were parameters found to be independent predictors of TIMI flow. An MAPH score value > 2.5 predicted the presence of low TIMI coronary flow in patients with STEMI, with 78% specificity and 45% sensitivity (ROC area under curve: 0.691, 95% CI: 0.617-0.766, P < 0.001).The MAPH risk score is simple, inexpensive, and quick to calculate. A high MAPH score may be an indicator of coronary no-reflow in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Kiş
- Department of Cardiology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine
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5
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A double-edged sword: role of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in tumorigenesis and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Apoptosis 2023; 28:313-325. [PMID: 36652128 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) acts as a potent and multifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis, which is mainly expressed in postmitotic cells, including cardiomyocytes. ARC is special for its N-terminal caspase recruitment domain and caspase recruitment domain. Due to the powerful inhibition of apoptosis, ARC is mainly reported to act as a cardioprotective factor during ischaemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury, preventing cardiomyocytes from being devastated by various catastrophes, including oxidative stress, calcium overload, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the circulatory system. However, recent studies have found that ARC also plays a potential regulatory role in tumorigenesis especially in colorectal cancer and renal cell carcinomas, through multiple apoptosis-associated pathways, which remains to be explored in further studies. Therefore, ARC regulates the body and maintains the balance of physiological activities with its interesting duplex. This review summarizes the current research progress of ARC in the field of tumorigenesis and ischaemia/reperfusion injury, to provide overall research status and new possibilities for researchers.
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6
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Ai W, Bae S, Ke Q, Su S, Li R, Chen Y, Yoo D, Lee E, Jon S, Kang PM. Bilirubin Nanoparticles Protect Against Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021212. [PMID: 34622671 PMCID: PMC8751875 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causes overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which are the major culprits of oxidative stress that leads to inflammation, apoptosis, myocardial damage, and dysfunction. Bilirubin acts as a potent endogenous antioxidant that is capable of scavenging various reactive oxygen species. We have previously generated bilirubin nanoparticles (BRNPs) consisting of polyethylene glycol–conjugated bilirubin. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of BRNPs on myocardial I/R injury in mice. Methods and Results In vivo imaging using fluorophore encapsulated BRNPs showed BRNPs preferentially targeted to the site of I/R injury in the heart. Cardiac I/R surgery was performed by first ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 45 minutes, reperfusion was achieved by releasing the ligation. BRNPs were administered intraperitoneally at 5 minutes before and 24 hours after reperfusion. Mice that received BRNPs showed significant improvements in their cardiac output, assessed by echocardiogram and pressure volume loop measurements, compared with the ones that received vehicle treatment. BRNPs treatment also significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size in mice that underwent cardiac I/R, compared with the vehicle‐treatment group. In addition, BRNPs effectively suppressed reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory factor levels, as well as the amount of cardiac apoptosis. Conclusions Taken together, BRNPs could exert their therapeutic effects on cardiac I/R injury through attenuation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, providing a novel therapeutic modality for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ai
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Department of Cardiology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Soochan Bae
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Qingen Ke
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Shi Su
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Ruijian Li
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Department of Cardiology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Dohyun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea
| | - Eesac Lee
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea
| | - Peter M Kang
- Cardiovascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA
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7
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Che X, Chai J, Fang Y, Zhang X, Zu A, Li L, Sun S, Yang W. Sestrin2 in hypoxia and hypoxia-related diseases. Redox Rep 2021; 26:111-116. [PMID: 34225572 PMCID: PMC8259815 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1948774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible protein and play an important role in adapting stress states of cells. This article reviewed the role of Sestrin2 in hypoxia and hypoxia-related diseases to provide new perspectives for future research and new therapeutic targets for hypoxia-related diseases. Methods: A review was conducted through an electronic search of PubMed and Medline databases. Keywords included Sestrin2, ROS, hypoxia, and hypoxia-related disease. Articles from 2008 to 2021 were mostly included and older ones were not excluded. Results: Sestrin2 is upregulated under various stress conditions, especially hypoxia. Under hypoxic condition, Sestrin2 plays a protective role by reducing the generation of ROS through various pathways, such as adenosine monophosphatea-ctivated protein kinase (AMPK) / mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and nuclear factor-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) pathway. In addition, Sestrin2 is involved in various hypoxia-related diseases, such as cerebral hypoxic disease, myocardial hypoxic disease, hypoxia-related respiratory disease, and diabetes. Discussion: Sestrin2 is involved in various hypoxia-related diseases and maybe a therapeutic target. Furthermore, most studies focus on cerebral and myocardial ischemia reperfusion. More researches on hypoxia-related respiratory diseases, kidney injury, and diabetes are needed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Che
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Class & Second Class, 2017 Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiagui Chai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Class & Second Class, 2017 Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Anju Zu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Reperfusion following Myocardial Ischemia and Its Treatments. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6614009. [PMID: 34055195 PMCID: PMC8149218 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which reperfusion is currently the standard intervention. However, the reperfusion may lead to further myocardial damage, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms in reperfusion injury, which causes apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and some other damage in cardiomyocytes through multiple pathways, thus causing irreversible cardiomyocyte damage and cardiac dysfunction. This article reviews the pathological mechanisms of oxidative stress involved in reperfusion injury and the interventions for different pathways and targets, so as to form systematic treatments for oxidative stress-induced myocardial reperfusion injury and make up for the lack of monotherapy.
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121292. [PMID: 33348578 PMCID: PMC7766219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in many physiological and pathological conditions. The intracellular oxidative homeostasis is tightly regulated by the reactive oxygen species production and the intracellular defense mechanisms. Increased oxidative stress could alter lipid, DNA, and protein, resulting in cellular inflammation and programmed cell death. Evidences show that oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of various cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. There are a number of therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Well known antioxidants, such as nutritional supplements, as well as more novel antioxidants have been studied. In addition, novel therapeutic strategies using miRNA and nanomedicine are also being developed to treat various cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress. Then, we will introduce the relationship between oxidative stress and several cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we will focus on the clinical implications of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases.
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Combination of Astragalus membranaceous and Angelica sinensis Ameliorates Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6031782. [PMID: 33293989 PMCID: PMC7714576 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6031782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an essential and early sign of diabetic macroangiopathy, a primary complication of diabetes mellitus. Astragalus membranaceous-Angelica sinensis is a classic medical combination applied in China to treat diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the granule form of the extract produced from the dried root of Astragalus membranaceous (AM) combination with the granule form of the extract produced from the dried Angelica sinensis (AS) on diabetic macroangiopathy and its underlying mechanism. Herein, rats were treated by AM-AS at a ratio of 3 : 2 via intragastric administration. High glucose-induced human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were then treated with drug-containing serum collected from the rats. In high glucose-treated HUVECs, AM-AS combination increased cell viability (P < 0.05), decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05) and the expression of the proapoptosis protein caspase 3 (P < 0.05), reduced the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase (P < 0.05), decreased reactive oxygen species level (P < 0.05), enhanced cell migration and invasion (P < 0.05), and reduced the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha. These results indicate that AM-AS combination at the ratio of 3 : 2 ameliorated HUVEC dysfunction by regulating apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion, which might be mediated by their regulatory effect on reactive oxygen species production. The current study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetic macroangiopathy using AM-AS.
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Crescente M, Armstrong PC, Kirkby NS, Edin ML, Chan MV, Lih FB, Jiao J, Maffucci T, Allan HE, Mein CA, Gaston-Massuet C, Cottrell GS, Mitchell JA, Zeldin DC, Herschman HR, Warner TD. Profiling the eicosanoid networks that underlie the anti- and pro-thrombotic effects of aspirin. FASEB J 2020; 34:10027-10040. [PMID: 32592197 PMCID: PMC9359103 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000312r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin prevents thrombosis by inhibiting platelet cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 activity and the production of thromboxane (Tx)A2, a pro-thrombotic eicosanoid. However, the non-platelet actions of aspirin limit its antithrombotic effects. Here, we used platelet-COX-1-ko mice to define the platelet and non-platelet eicosanoids affected by aspirin. Mass-spectrometry analysis demonstrated blood from platelet-COX-1-ko and global-COX-1-ko mice produced similar eicosanoid profiles in vitro: for example, formation of TxA2, prostaglandin (PG) F2α, 11-hydroxyeicosatraenoic acid (HETE), and 15-HETE was absent in both platelet- and global-COX-1-ko mice. Conversely, in vivo, platelet-COX-1-ko mice had a distinctly different profile from global-COX-1-ko or aspirin-treated control mice, notably significantly higher levels of PGI2 metabolite. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) predicted that platelet-COX-1-ko mice would be protected from thrombosis, forming less pro-thrombotic TxA2 and PGE2. Conversely, aspirin or lack of systemic COX-1 activity decreased the synthesis of anti-aggregatory PGI2 and PGD2 at non-platelet sites leading to predicted thrombosis increase. In vitro and in vivo thrombosis studies proved these predictions. Overall, we have established the eicosanoid profiles linked to inhibition of COX-1 in platelets and in the remainder of the cardiovascular system and linked them to anti- and pro-thrombotic effects of aspirin. These results explain why increasing aspirin dosage or aspirin addition to other drugs may lessen antithrombotic protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Crescente
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul C Armstrong
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas S Kirkby
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Melissa V Chan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jing Jiao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tania Maffucci
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Harriet E Allan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Charles A Mein
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- Reading School of Pharmacy and ICMR, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jane A Mitchell
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Harvey R Herschman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy D Warner
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Huo R, Hu C, Zhao L, Sun L, Wang N, Lu Y, Ye B, Deb A, Li F, Xu H. Enhancement of β-catenin/T-cell factor 4 signaling causes susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmia by suppressing Na V1.5 expression in mice. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:1720-1728. [PMID: 31125668 PMCID: PMC7027965 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Catenin/T-cell factor 4 (TCF4) signaling is enhanced in ischemic heart disease in which ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation occurs frequently. How this signaling links to arrhythmogenesis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of β-catenin gain of function in the development of arrhythmia. METHODS A mouse model with a conditional deletion of CTNNB1 exon 3 resulting in cardiac exon 3-deleted and stabilized β-catenin (β-catΔE3) was used to determine the role of β-catenin gain of function in the regulation of cardiac rhythm. RESULTS Western blotting showed β-catΔE3 expression and significantly decreased NaV1.5 protein in CTNNB1 E3-/- and CTNNB1 E3+/- mouse hearts. Real-time qRT-PCR revealed significantly decreased NaV1.5 messenger RNA with no changes in Na+ channel β1 to β4 expression in these hearts. Immunofluorescence revealed accumulation of β-catΔE3 in the nuclei of CTNNB1 E3-/- cardiomyocytes. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated nuclear localization of β-catenin in cardiomyocytes, which was associated with significantly decreased NaV1.5 messenger RNA in human ischemic hearts. Immunoprecipitation revealed that β-catΔE3 interacted with TCF4 in CTNNB1 E3-/- cardiomyocytes. Whole-cell recordings showed that Na+ currents and depolarization and amplitude of action potentials were significantly decreased in CTNNB1 E3-/- ventricular myocytes. Electrocardiographic recordings demonstrated that in mice with cardiac CTNNB1 E3-/-, the QRS complex was prolonged and VT was induced by the Na+ channel blocker flecainide. However, cardiac function, as determined by echocardiography and heart/body weight ratios, remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Enhancement of β-catenin/TCF4 signaling led to the prolongation of the QRS complex and increase in susceptibility to VT by suppression of NaV1.5 expression and Na+ channel activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chaowei Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Limei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Arjun Deb
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Faqian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Haodong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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Kong HK, Gan CF, Xiong M, Kwok KWH, Lui GCS, Li P, Chan HM, Lo SCL. Chronic Methylmercury Exposure Induces Production of Prostaglandins: Evidence From A Population Study and A Rat Dosing Experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7782-7791. [PMID: 31244059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known environmental neurotoxicant affecting millions worldwide who consume contaminated fishes and other food commodities. Exposure to MeHg has been shown to associate positively with some chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism is poorly characterized. MeHg had been shown to affect prostaglandin (PG) regulations in in vitro studies, but neither in vivo nor human studies investigating the effects of MeHg on PG regulations has been reported. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the association between MeHg exposure and serum PG concentrations in a cross-sectional study among human adults followed by a validation investigation on the cause-effect relationship using a rat model. First, a total of 121 women were recruited from two cities: Wanshan and Leishan in Guizhou, China. Statistical analysis of the human data showed a positive association between blood total mercury (THg) levels and serum concentrations of PGF2α, 15-deoxy-PGJ2, and PGE2 after adjusting for site effects. In the animal study, adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with 40 μg MeHg/kg body weight/day for 12 weeks. Serum 15-deoxy-PGJ2 and 2,3 d-6-keto-PGF1α concentrations were found to increase significantly after 6 and 10 weeks of MeHg dosing, respectively, while serum PGF2α concentration increased significantly after 12 weeks of MeHg dosing. Combined results of our human and rat studies have shown that chronic MeHg exposure induced dysregulation of PG metabolism. As PGs are a set of mediators with very diverse functions, its abnormal production may serve as the missing mechanistic link between chronic MeHg exposure and various kinds of associated clinical conditions including neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Kin Kong
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Fang Gan
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education , Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Min Xiong
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education , Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Kevin Wing-Hin Kwok
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong
| | - Gilbert Chiu-Sing Lui
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550081 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change , Xi'an , 710061 , China
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong
- Department of Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Samuel Chun-Lap Lo
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong
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Zhong Z, Hou J, Zhang Q, Li B, Li C, Liu Z, Yang M, Zhong W, Zhao P. Differential expression of circulating long non-coding RNAs in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13066. [PMID: 30572424 PMCID: PMC6320201 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts regulating various critical physiological and pathological processes, yet limited information is available about lncRNAs expression in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to identified differentially expressed lncRNAs in blood samples of patients with AMI to assess their diagnostic value. Differential expression of lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was compared by RNA sequencing method and validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of lncRNA-coexpressed mRNAs were conducted to determine the related biological modules and pathological pathways. RNA sequencing data showed that 58 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between NSTEMI patients and STEMI patients, including 42 upregulated lncRNAs and 16 down-regulated lncRNAs. The ROC curves showed that ENST00000508020.2, LNC_001265, LNC_001526, and LNC_002674 could distinguish AMI patients with preferable sensitivity and specificity. GO enrichment analysis of lncRNA-coexpressed mRNAs indicated that the biological modules were correlated with cell adhesion, calcium ion homeostasis, complement receptor mediated signaling pathway, and immune system process. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the lncRNAs-co-expressed mRNAs were involved in the regulation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Insulin signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling, and chemokin signaling pathway. Our results are in line with the previous findings, suggesting that differential expression of lncRNAs would be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of AMI and might be useful biomarkers for noninvasive diagnostic application. Further studies are still needed to verify our findings and hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders
| | - Jingyuan Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, P.R. China
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders
| | - Cunren Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders
| | - Pingsen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, P.R. China
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15
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Qiu L, Chen J, Lin J, Wo D, Chu J, Peng J. Baicalin alleviates H2O2-induced injury of H9c2 cardiomyocytes through suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9251-9255. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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16
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Yamamoto M, Nishimori H, Fukutomi T, Yamaguchi T, Orihashi K. Dynamics of Oxidative Stress Evoked by Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Elucidated by Bilirubin Oxidation. Circ J 2017; 81:1678-1685. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamamoto
- Departments of Surgery 2 and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kochi Medical School
| | - Hideaki Nishimori
- Departments of Surgery 2 and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kochi Medical School
| | - Takashi Fukutomi
- Departments of Surgery 2 and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kochi Medical School
| | - Tokio Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kazumasa Orihashi
- Departments of Surgery 2 and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kochi Medical School
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17
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Wang N, Huo R, Cai B, Lu Y, Ye B, Li X, Li F, Xu H. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by hydrogen peroxide transcriptionally inhibits NaV1.5 expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:34-44. [PMID: 27068063 PMCID: PMC4912406 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidants and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling have been shown to decrease cardiac Na(+) channel activity by suppressing NaV1.5 expression. Our aims are to determine if hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one oxidant of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promotes β-catenin nuclear activity, leading to suppression of NaV1.5 expression and if this suppression requires the interaction of β-catenin with its nuclear partner, TCF4 (also called TCF7L2) to decrease SCN5a promoter activity. The results demonstrated that H2O2 increased β-catenin, but not TCF4 nuclear localization determined by immunofluorescence without affecting total β-catenin protein level. Furthermore, H2O2 exerted a dose- and time-dependent suppressive effect on NaV1.5 expression. RT-PCR and/or Western blot analyses revealed that overexpressing active form of β-catenin or stabilizing β-catenin by GSK-3β inhibitors, LiCl and Bio, suppressed NaV1.5 expression in HL-1 cells. In contrast, destabilization of β-catenin by a constitutively active GSK-3β mutant (S9A) upregulated NaV1.5 expression. Whole-cell recording showed that LiCl significantly inhibited Na(+) channel activity in these cells. Using immunoprecipitation (IP), we showed that β-catenin interacted with TCF4 indicating that β-catenin as a co-transfactor, regulates NaV1.5 expression through TCF4. Analyses of the SCN5a promoter sequences among different species by using VISTA tools indicated that SCN5a promoter harbors TCF4 binding sites. Chromatin IP assays demonstrated that both β-catenin and TCF4 were recruited in the SCN5a promoter, and regulated its activity. Luciferase promoter assays exhibited that β-catenin inhibited the SCN5a promoter activity at a dose-dependent manner and this inhibition required TCF4. Small interfering (Si) RNA targeting β-catenin significantly increased SCN5a promoter activity, leading to enhanced NaV1.5 expression. As expected, β-catenin SiRNA prevents H2O2 suppressive effects on both SCN5a promoter activity and NaV1.5 expression. Our findings indicate that H2O2 inhibits NaV1.5 expression by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and β-catenin interacts with TCF4 to transcriptionally suppress cardiac NaV1.5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Haodong Xu, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS 13-145E Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732 USA. Tel.: 310-206-3582; fax: 310-267-2658.
| | - Rong Huo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Haodong Xu, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS 13-145E Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732 USA. Tel.: 310-206-3582; fax: 310-267-2658.
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Corresponding author at: Haodong Xu, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS 13-145E Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732 USA. Tel.: 310-206-3582; fax: 310-267-2658.
| | - Yan Lu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Faqian Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Haodong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Corresponding author at: Haodong Xu, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS 13-145E Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732 USA. Tel.: 310-206-3582; fax: 310-267-2658.
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18
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Zhang J, Gao C, Meng M, Tang H. Long Noncoding RNA MHRT Protects Cardiomyocytes against H2O2-Induced Apoptosis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:19-24. [PMID: 26759697 PMCID: PMC4703348 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The exploration of new biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis of AMI therefore becomes one of the primary task. In the current study, we aim to detect whether there is any heart specific long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) releasing into the circulation during AMI, and explore its function in the neonatal rat cardiac myocytes injury induced by H2O2. Our results revealed that the cardiac-specific lncRNA MHRT (Myosin Heavy Chain Associated RNA Transcripts) was significantly elevated in the blood from AMI patients compared with the healthy control ((*) p<0.05). Using an in vitro neonatal rat cardiac myocytes injury model, we demonstrated that lncRNA MHRT was upregulated in the cardiac myocytes after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, we knockdowned the MHRT gene by siRNA to confirm its roles in the H2O2-induced cardiac cell apoptosis, and found that knockdown of MHRT led to significant more apoptotic cells than the non-target control ((**) p<0.01), indicating that the lncRNA MHRT is a protective factor for cardiomyocyte and the plasma concentration of MHRT may serve as a biomarker for myocardial infarction diagnosis in humans AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Zhang
- Departments of Emergency, Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Weihai City, Shandong Province 564200, P. R. China
| | - Caihua Gao
- Medical Services, Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Weihai City, Shandong Province 564200, P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Meng
- Cardiology, Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Weihai City, Shandong Province 564200, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Tang
- Departments of Emergency, Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Weihai City, Shandong Province 564200, P. R. China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthetic cardioprotection reduces myocardial infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Currently, the role of microRNA in this process remains unknown. MicroRNAs are short, noncoding nucleotide sequences that negatively regulate gene expression through degradation or suppression of messenger RNA. In this study, the authors uncovered the functional role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) up-regulation after anesthetic exposure. METHODS MicroRNA and messenger RNA expression changes were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in cardiomyocytes after exposure to isoflurane. Lactate dehydrogenase release assay and propidium iodide staining were conducted after inhibition of miR-21. miR-21 target expression was analyzed by Western blot. The functional role of miR-21 was confirmed in vivo in both wild-type and miR-21 knockout mice. RESULTS Isoflurane induces an acute up-regulation of miR-21 in both in vivo and in vitro rat models (n = 6, 247.8 ± 27.5% and 258.5 ± 9.0%), which mediates protection to cardiomyocytes through down-regulation of programmed cell death protein 4 messenger RNA (n = 3, 82.0 ± 4.9% of control group). This protective effect was confirmed by knockdown of miR-21 and programmed cell death protein 4 in vitro. In addition, the protective effect of isoflurane was abolished in miR-21 knockout mice in vivo, with no significant decrease in infarct size compared with nonexposed controls (n = 8, 62.3 ± 4.6% and 56.2 ± 3.2%). CONCLUSIONS The authors demonstrate for the first time that isoflurane mediates protection of cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress via an miR-21/programmed cell death protein 4 pathway. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which the damage done by ischemia/reperfusion injury may be decreased.
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Karlsson JOG, Ignarro LJ, Lundström I, Jynge P, Almén T. Calmangafodipir [Ca4Mn(DPDP)5], mangafodipir (MnDPDP) and MnPLED with special reference to their SOD mimetic and therapeutic properties. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:411-21. [PMID: 25463039 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) participate in pathological tissue damage. Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) normally keeps ROS and RNS in check. During development of mangafodipir (MnDPDP) as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, it was discovered that MnDPDP and its metabolite manganese pyridoxyl ethyldiamine (MnPLED) possessed SOD mimetic activity. MnDPDP has been tested as a chemotherapy adjunct in cancer patients and as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with myocardial infarctions, with promising results. Whereas MRI contrast depends on release of Mn(2+), the SOD mimetic activity depends on Mn(2+) that remains bound to DPDP or PLED. Calmangafodipir [Ca4Mn(DPDP)5] is stabilized with respect to Mn(2+) and has superior therapeutic activity. Ca4Mn(DPDP)5 is presently being explored as a chemotherapy adjunct in a clinical multicenter Phase II study in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Olof G Karlsson
- Division of Drug Research/Pharmacology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Louis J Ignarro
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ingemar Lundström
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Jynge
- Division of Drug Research/Pharmacology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Torsten Almén
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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21
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Ai F, Chen M, Li W, Yang Y, Xu G, Gui F, Liu Z, Bai X, Chen Z. Protective role of Klotho on cardiomyocytes upon hypoxia/reoxygenation via downregulation of Akt and FOXO1 phosphorylation. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2013-9. [PMID: 25377663 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho is a novel anti-aging hormone involved in human coronary artery disease. The present study aimed to detect the effects and mechanism of Klotho on cardiomyocytes in a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat cardiomyocytes were randomly distributed into experimental groups as follows: Control group; H/R group, 4‑h hypoxia followed by 3‑h reoxygenation; and H/R+Klotho group, incubated with 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 µg/ml Klotho protein for 16 h and then subjected to 4‑h hypoxia/3‑h reoxygenation. In order to evaluate cardiomyocyte damage, cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate reagent was used to estimate the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Immunofluorescence staining was used to test whether Klotho induced decreased nuclear translocation of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein levels of FOXO1, phospho-FOXO1, Akt, phospho-Akt and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Cell viability was significantly decreased, levels of LDH in the cardiomyocyte culture medium were significantly increased and the apoptotic rate was enhanced in the H/R group when compared with those of the control group. Compared with the H/R group, cell viability of the H/R+Klotho groups was significantly higher (P<0.05). Treatment with Klotho protein resulted in a significant resistance of cardiomyocytes to apoptosis and the release of LDH was decreased. Intracellular ROS levels in the H/R group were significantly elevated above those of the control group (P<0.05). Following treatment with Klotho, intracellular ROS levels were significantly decreased compared with those of the H/R group (P<0.05). Western blot analysis confirmed that Klotho protein treatment increased FOXO1 levels in the nucleus and decreased FOXO1 levels in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, exogenous Klotho protein promoted translocation of FOXO1 from cytoplasm to nucleus. In addition, the administration of Klotho protein suppressed phosphorylation of FOXO1 and Akt, and markedly increased the protein expression levels of SOD2. In conclusion, treatment with Klotho protein had beneficial effects on cardiomyocytes undergoing H/R injury. The mechanism of this effect may be associated with suppressed apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, inhibition of phosphorylation of FOXO1 and Akt as well as suppression of cytoplasm transfer of FOXO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Ai
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Manhua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Guizhong Xu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gui
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyan Bai
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
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Shivshankar P, Halade GV, Calhoun C, Escobar GP, Mehr AJ, Jimenez F, Martinez C, Bhatnagar H, Mjaatvedt CH, Lindsey ML, Le Saux CJ. Caveolin-1 deletion exacerbates cardiac interstitial fibrosis by promoting M2 macrophage activation in mice after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:84-93. [PMID: 25128086 PMCID: PMC4533121 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) leading to heart failure is driven by an imbalanced resolution of inflammation. The macrophage cell is an important control of post-MI inflammation, as macrophage subtypes secrete mediators to either promote inflammation and extend injury (M1 phenotype) or suppress inflammation and promote scar formation (M2 phenotype). We have previously shown that the absence of caveolin-1 (Cav1), a membrane scaffolding protein, is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling in mice, but the mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. We explore here the role of Cav1 in the activation of macrophages using wild type C57BL6/J (WT) and Cav1(tm1Mls/J) (Cav1(-/-)) mice. By echocardiography, cardiac function was comparable between WT and Cav1(-/-) mice at 3days post-MI. In the absence of Cav1, there were a surprisingly higher percentage of M2 macrophages (arginase-1 positive) detected in the infarcted zone. Conversely, restoring Cav1 function after MI in WT mice by adding back the Cav1 scaffolding domain reduced the M2 activation profile. Further, adoptive transfer of Cav1 null macrophages into WT mice on d3 post-MI exacerbated adverse cardiac remodeling at d14 post-MI. In vitro studies revealed that Cav1 null macrophages had a more pronounced M2 profile activation in response to IL-4 stimulation. In conclusion, Cav1 deletion promotes an array of maladaptive repair processes after MI, including increased TGF-β signaling, increased M2 macrophage infiltration and dysregulation of the M1/M2 balance. Our data also suggest that cardiac remodeling can be improved by therapeutic intervention regulating Cav1 function during the inflammatory response phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Cheresa Calhoun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gladys P Escobar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ali J Mehr
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Fabio Jimenez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Cindy Martinez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Harshita Bhatnagar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Corey H Mjaatvedt
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Claude Jourdan Le Saux
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Zhang X, Cao R, Liu R, Zhao R, Huang Y, Gurley EC, Hylemon PB, Pandak WM, Wang G, Zhang L, Li X, Zhou H. Reduction of the HIV protease inhibitor-induced ER stress and inflammatory response by raltegravir in macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90856. [PMID: 24625618 PMCID: PMC3953206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV protease inhibitor (PI), the core component of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for HIV infection, has been implicated in HAART-associated cardiovascular complications. Our previous studies have demonstrated that activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is linked to HIV PI-induced inflammation and foam cell formation in macrophages. Raltegravir is a first-in-its-class HIV integrase inhibitor, the newest class of anti-HIV agents. We have recently reported that raltegravir has less hepatic toxicity and could prevent HIV PI-induced dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by inhibiting ER stress. However, little information is available as to whether raltegravir would also prevent HIV PI-induced inflammatory response and foam cell formation in macrophages. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we examined the effect of raltegravir on ER stress activation and lipid accumulation in cultured mouse macrophages (J774A.1), primary mouse macrophages, and human THP-1-derived macrophages, and further determined whether the combination of raltegravir with existing HIV PIs would potentially exacerbate or prevent the previously observed activation of inflammatory response and foam cell formation. The results indicated that raltegravir did not induce ER stress and inflammatory response in macrophages. Even more interestingly, HIV PI-induced ER stress, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and foam cell formation were significantly reduced by raltegravir. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis further demonstrated that raltegravir did not affect the uptake of HIV PIs in macrophages. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE Raltegravir could prevent HIV PI-induced inflammatory response and foam cell formation by inhibiting ER stress. These results suggest that incorporation of this HIV integrase inhibitor may reduce the cardiovascular complications associated with current HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R.China
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Risheng Cao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Runping Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R.China
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Renping Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Yi Huang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R.China
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R.China
| | - Emily C. Gurley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - William M. Pandak
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Guangji Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R.China
- * E-mail: (GW); (HZ)
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R.China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R.China
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GW); (HZ)
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24
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Reduced Oxidative Stress in STEMI Patients Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and with Antioxidant Therapy: A Systematic Review. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:173-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Lv G, Shao S, Dong H, Bian X, Yang X, Dong S. MicroRNA-214 protects cardiac myocytes against H2O2-induced injury. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:93-101. [PMID: 23904244 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cardiac myocyte injury resulting from changes in the expression levels of multiple genes plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of numerous heart diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential roles of microRNA-214 (miR-214) in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated gene regulation in cardiac myocytes. In this study, we used quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to demonstrate that miR-214 was upregulated in cardiac myocytes after treatment with H2O2. We transfected cells with pre-miR-214 to upregulate miR-214 expression and transfected cells with a miR-214 inhibitor (anti-miR-214) to downregulate miR-214 expression. H2O2-induced cardiac cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The level of apoptosis was increased by the miR-214 inhibitor and decreased by pre-miR-214. Therefore, we believe that miR-214 plays a positive role in H2O2-induced cardiac cell apoptosis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is constitutively active and is considered to be the primary downregulator of the pro-oncogenic PI3K/Akt pathway. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of the PTEN protein in cardiac myocytes decreased after H2O2 induction. Anti-miR-214 increased PTEN protein expression level, in contrast, pre-miR-214 decreased the PTEN protein expression level in cultured cardiac myocytes. These results indicate that PTEN is regulated by miR-214 and serves as an important target of miR-214 in cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, miR-214 is sensitive to H2O2 stimulation, and miR-214 protects cardiac myocytes against H2O2-induced injury via one of its targets, PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Lv
- Department of ICU, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, P.R. China
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26
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de Vries DK, Kortekaas KA, Tsikas D, Wijermars LGM, van Noorden CJF, Suchy MT, Cobbaert CM, Klautz RJM, Schaapherder AFM, Lindeman JHN. Oxidative damage in clinical ischemia/reperfusion injury: a reappraisal. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:535-45. [PMID: 23305329 PMCID: PMC3717197 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical problem. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying I/R injury are unclear, oxidative damage is considered a key factor in the initiation of I/R injury. Findings from preclinical studies consistently show that quenching reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), thus limiting oxidative damage, alleviates I/R injury. Results from clinical intervention studies on the other hand are largely inconclusive. In this study, we systematically evaluated the release of established biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative damage during planned I/R of the kidney and heart in a wide range of clinical conditions. RESULTS Sequential arteriovenous concentration differences allowed specific measurements over the reperfused organ in time. None of the biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative damage (i.e., malondialdehyde, 15(S)-8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, nitrite, nitrate, and nitrotyrosine) were released upon reperfusion. Cumulative urinary measurements confirmed plasma findings. As of these negative findings, we tested for oxidative stress during I/R and found activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of oxidative stress signaling. INNOVATION This comprehensive, clinical study evaluates the role of RONS in I/R injury in two different human organs (kidney and heart). Results show oxidative stress, but do not provide evidence for oxidative damage during early reperfusion, thereby challenging the prevailing paradigm on RONS-mediated I/R injury. CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest that the contribution of oxidative damage to human I/R may be less than commonly thought and propose a re-evaluation of the mechanism of I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya K de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion by vitamins C and E plus n-3 fatty acids: molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 124:1-15. [PMID: 22963444 DOI: 10.1042/cs20110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in ischaemic heart disease has been thoroughly investigated in humans. Increased levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) have been demonstrated during ischaemia and post-ischaemic reperfusion in humans. Depending on their concentrations, these reactive species can act either as benevolent molecules that promote cell survival (at low-to-moderate concentrations) or can induce irreversible cellular damage and death (at high concentrations). Although high ROS levels can induce NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) activation, inflammation, apoptosis or necrosis, low-to-moderate levels can enhance the antioxidant response, via Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) activation. However, a clear definition of these concentration thresholds remains to be established. Although a number of experimental studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a major role in heart ischaemia/reperfusion pathophysiology, controlled clinical trials have failed to prove the efficacy of antioxidants in acute or long-term treatments of ischaemic heart disease. Oral doses of vitamin C are not sufficient to promote ROS scavenging and only down-regulate their production via NADPH oxidase, a biological effect shared by vitamin E to abrogate oxidative stress. However, infusion of vitamin C at doses high enough to achieve plasma levels of 10 mmol/l should prevent superoxide production and the pathophysiological cascade of deleterious heart effects. In turn, n-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) exposure leads to enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes. In the present review, we present evidence to support the molecular basis for a novel pharmacological strategy using these antioxidant vitamins plus n-3 PUFAs for cardioprotection in clinical settings, such as post-operative atrial fibrillation, percutaneous coronary intervention following acute myocardial infarction and other events that are associated with ischaemia/reperfusion.
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28
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Expression of the aging gene p66Shc is increased in peripheral blood monocytes of patients with acute coronary syndrome but not with stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2012; 220:282-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Reny JL, Bonvini RF, Bonvini JM, Roffi M, Fontana P. Poor Responsiveness to Antiplatelet Drugs in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Clinical Relevance and Management. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 30:e41-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Zhang J, Gong Y, Yu Y. PG F(2α) Receptor: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Pharmacol 2010; 1:116. [PMID: 21607067 PMCID: PMC3095374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs), a group of key lipid mediators, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes including inflammation and cardiovascular homeostasis. Each PG acts on its specific and distinct cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Prostaglandin F(2α) receptor (FP) is required for female reproductive function such as luteolysis and parturition. It has recently been implicated in blood pressure regulation, atherosclerosis and other inflammation-related disorders. The emerging role of FP in cardiovascular diseases is highlighted and potential therapeutic translation is discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
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31
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Schmelzer C, Döring F. Identification of LPS-inducible genes downregulated by ubiquinone in human THP-1 monocytes. Biofactors 2010; 36:222-8. [PMID: 20533395 DOI: 10.1002/biof.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is an obligatory element in the respiratory chain and functions as a potent antioxidant of lipid membranes. More recently, anti-inflammatory effects as well as an impact of CoQ(10) on gene expression have been observed. To reveal putative effects of Q(10) on LPS-induced gene expression, whole genome expression analysis was performed in the monocytic cell line THP-1. Thousand one hundred twenty-nine and 710 probe sets have been identified to be significantly (P <or= 0.05) up and downregulated in LPS-treated cells when compared with controls, respectively. Text mining analysis of the top 50 LPS upregulated genes revealed a functional connection in the NFkappaB pathway and confirmed our applied in vitro stimulation model. Moreover, 33 LPS-sensitive genes have been identified to be significantly downregulated by Q(10)-treatment between a factor of 1.32 and 1.85. GeneOntology (GO) analysis revealed for the Q(10)-sensitve genes a primary involvement in protein metabolism (e.g., HERC1 and EPS15), cell proliferation (e.g., CCDC100 and SMURF1), and transcriptional processes (e.g., CNOT4 and STK4). Three genes were either related to NFkappaB transcription factor activity (ERC1), cytokinesis (DIAPH2), or modulation of oxidative stress (MSRA). In conclusion, our data provide evidence that Q(10) downregulates LPS-inducible genes in the monocytic cell line THP-1. Thus, the previously described effects of Q(10) on the reduction of proinflammatory mediators might be due to its antioxidant impact on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmelzer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
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Yogaratnam JZ, Laden G, Guvendik L, Cowen M, Cale A, Griffin S. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning improves myocardial function, reduces length of intensive care stay, and limits complications post coronary artery bypass graft surgery. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2010; 11:8-19. [PMID: 20129356 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether preconditioning coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with HBO(2) prior to first-time elective on-pump cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) leads to improved myocardial left ventricular stroke work (LVSW) post CABG. The primary end point of this study was to demonstrate that preconditioning CAD patients with HBO(2) prior to on-pump CPB CABG leads to a statistically significant (P<.05) improvement in myocardial LVSW 24 h post CABG. METHODS This randomised control study consisted of 81 (control group=40; HBO(2) group=41) patients who had CABG using CPB. Only the HBO(2) group received HBO(2) preconditioning for two 30-min intervals separated 5 min apart. HBO(2) treatment consisted of 100% oxygen at 2.4 ATA. Pulmonary artery catheters were used to obtain perioperative hemodynamic measurements. All routine perioperative clinical outcomes were recorded. Venous blood was taken pre HBO(2), post HBO(2) (HBO(2) group only), and during the perioperative period for analysis of troponin T. RESULTS Prior to CPB, the HBO(2) group had significantly lower pulmonary vascular resistance (P=.03). Post CPB, the HBO(2) group had increased stroke volume (P=.01) and LVSW (P=.005). Following CABG, there was a smaller rise in troponin T in HBO(2) group suggesting that HBO(2) preconditioning prior to CABG leads to less postoperative myocardial injury. Post CABG, patients in the HBO(2) group had an 18% (P=.05) reduction in length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). Intraoperatively, the HBO(2) group had a 57% reduction in intraoperative blood loss (P=.02). Postoperatively, the HBO(2) group had a reduction in blood loss (11.6%), blood transfusion (34%), low cardiac output syndrome (10.4%), inotrope use (8%), atrial fibrillation (11%), pulmonary complications (12.7%), and wound infections (7.6%). Patients in the HBO(2) group saved US$116.49 per ICU hour. CONCLUSION This study met its primary end point and demonstrated that preconditioning CAD patients with HBO(2) prior to on-pump CPB CABG was capable of improving LVSW. Additionally, this study also showed that HBO(2) preconditioning prior to CABG reduced myocardial injury, intraoperative blood loss, ICU length of stay, postoperative complications, and saved on cost, post CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeysen Zivan Yogaratnam
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, HU16 JQ Cottingham, United Kingdom.
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Elesber AA, Best PJ, Lennon RJ, Mathew V, Rihal CS, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, a marker of oxidative stress, is increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:385-91. [PMID: 16517503 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500539154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis. The aim of our study is to examine whether the plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) level, a marker of oxidative stress, is elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Three groups of patients were enrolled: (1) patients with no or minimal coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 15); (2) patients with stable CAD (n = 31); (3) patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 13). RESULTS Plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (290.7 +/- 73.9 pg/ml) as compared to patients with stable CAD (182.0+75.7 pg/ml) and patients with no significant CAD (118.9 +/- 85.5 pg/ml). This remained significant after correcting for coronary atherosclerosis risk factors, age, extent of atherosclerosis, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level. CONCLUSION Plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) levels are elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Endogenous oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications, namely myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Elesber
- The Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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34
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Determination of Prooxidant—Antioxidant Balance After Acute Coronary Syndrome Using a Rapid Assay: A Pilot Study. Angiology 2009; 60:657-62. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319709333868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate a novel measure of oxidative stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using a pro-oxidant—antioxidant balance (PAB) assay, which is simple and rapid. Blood samples were taken from 94 patients admitted with ACS. Pro-oxidant—antioxidant balance values were determined in the first and second 12 hours after the onset of symptoms and compared with values for 81 age- and sex-matched controls. The mean PAB values in the first and second 12-hour samples of patients were both significantly higher than that of controls (P < .001). Among patients, PAB values were also significantly higher in the second samples compared with the first samples (P < .001). These findings indicate a heightened state of oxidative stress following ACS and suggest that the PAB value may be considered as a cardiovascular risk predictor to estimate the extent of oxidative stress.
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Kim TG, Lee H, Jang Y, Park TG. Controlled Release of Paclitaxel from Heparinized Metal Stent Fabricated by Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polylysine and Hyaluronic Acid-g-Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Micelles Encapsulating Paclitaxel. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1532-9. [PMID: 19361215 DOI: 10.1021/bm900116r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taek Gyoung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea, and Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea, and Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea, and Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Gwan Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea, and Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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36
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Markers of oxidative stress in acute myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Open Med (Wars) 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-009-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn the current study, we evaluated the dynamics of oxidative stress markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thirty consecutive patients with AMI with ST elevation were included. Plasma lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in blood plasma were evaluated. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained prior to reperfusion and at five time points after reperfusion. The control group consisted of 20 ischemic patients without acute coronary syndrome. TAC in the AMI group at admission was lower than in control patients (1.26 + 0.32 vs. 1.52 + 0.24 mmol/l). Within 1 h after reperfusion, in most cases, values significantly declined (1 min, 1.10 + 0.33 mmol/l; 1 h, 1.06 + 0.21 mmol/l [p= 0.03]). After 3 h, values began to increase (1.14 + 0.29 mmol/l) and returned to basal values after 3 d (1.29 + 0.24 mmol/l). MDA levels in AMI patients at admission were higher than in control patients (1.66 + 0.55 vs. 1.44 + 0.55 mmol/l) but showed a sustained decrease over the 3 h after reperfusion of the occluded artery (1 min, 1.57 + 0.37 mmol/l; 1 h, 1.50 + 0.35 μmol/l; 3 h, 1.35 + 0.59 μmol/l [p = 0.03]). Reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery by PCI in AMI lead to an immediate decrease in TAC, suggesting formation of reactive oxygen species. However, the MDA level significantly decreased after reperfusion. This may suggests less reperfusion injury after PCI.
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Cheng Y, Liu X, Zhang S, Lin Y, Yang J, Zhang C. MicroRNA-21 protects against the H(2)O(2)-induced injury on cardiac myocytes via its target gene PDCD4. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:5-14. [PMID: 19336275 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cardiac cell injury via expression changes of multiple genes plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of numerous heart diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a novel class of endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate about 30% of the genes in a cell via degradation or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs. Currently, the effects of ROS on miRNA expression and the roles of miRNAs in ROS-mediated injury on cardiac myocytes are uncertain. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), we demonstrated that microRNA-21 (miR-21) was upregulated in cardiac myocytes after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). To determine the potential roles of miRNAs in H(2)O(2)-mediated gene regulation and cellular injury, miR-21 expression was downregulated by miR-21 inhibitor and upregulated by pre-miR-21. H(2)O(2)-induced cardiac cell death and apoptosis were increased by miR-21 inhibitor and was decreased by pre-miR-21. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) that was regulated by miR-21 and was a direct target of miR-21 in cardiac myocytes. Pre-miR-21-mediated protective effect on cardiac myocyte injury was inhibited in H(2)O(2)-treated cardiac cells via adenovirus-mediated overexpression of PDCD4 without miR-21 binding site. Moreover, Activator protein 1 (AP-1) was a downstream signaling molecule of PDCD4 that was involved in miR-21-mediated effect on cardiac myocytes. The results suggest that miR-21 is sensitive to H(2)O(2) stimulation. miR-21 participates in H(2)O(2)-mediated gene regulation and functional modulation in cardiac myocytes. miR-21 might play an essential role in heart diseases related to ROS such as cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Cheng
- RNA and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101-1709, USA
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Alcock J, Brainard AH. Hemostatic containment – An evolutionary hypothesis of injury by innate immune cells. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71:960-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Infiltrated macrophages contribute to recovery after ischemic injury but not to ischemic preconditioning in kidneys. Transplantation 2008; 85:447-55. [PMID: 18301336 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318160f0d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the role of macrophages that have infiltrated into tissues remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether infiltrated macrophages influence recovery after kidney I/R injury and affect the phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning, in which previous ischemia affords the kidney resistance to subsequent ischemia. METHODS Mice were subjected to 30 min of bilateral renal ischemia on day 0, then intravenously administered either liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene bisphosphonate (Cl2MBP; Lipo-clodronate, a remover of tissue macrophages) or PBS (Lipo-PBS) on day 6 and were then subjected to an additional 30 min of bilateral renal ischemia on day 8. RESULTS Administration of lipoclodronate removed the infiltrated macrophages after I/R. The number of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as superoxide and peroxynitrite levels in kidneys from mice that received Lipo-clodronate, was significantly greater than those in kidneys from mice that were administered Lipo-PBS. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was greater in kidneys from mice that were treated with Lipo-clodronate than in those from mice treated with Lipo-PBS. Thirty min of ischemic preconditioning protected the kidneys from 30 min of ischemia induced 8 days later. There was no difference in the plasma creatinine levels of mice treated with Lipo-clodronate or Lipo-PBS. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that the infiltrated macrophages removed dead and dying cells and accelerated recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury but did not make a critical contribution to ischemic preconditioning.
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Basu S. Novel cyclooxygenase-catalyzed bioactive prostaglandin F2alpha from physiology to new principles in inflammation. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:435-68. [PMID: 17191216 DOI: 10.1002/med.20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), a foremost stable vasoactive cyclooxygenase (COX)-catalyzed prostaglandin, regulates a number of key physiological functions such as luteolysis, ovarian function, luteal maintenance of pregnancy, and parturition as a constitutive part of ongoing reproductive processes of the body. It has recently been implicated in the regulation of intricate pathophysiological processes, such as acute and chronic inflammation, cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. Since the discovery of a second isoform of COXs, it has been shown that PGF2alpha can be formed in vivo from arachidonic acid through both isoforms of COXs, namely cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Being synthesized in various parts of the body, it metabolizes instantly to a number of rather inactive metabolites mainly in the lungs, liver, kidney, and efficiently excretes into the urine. 15-Keto-dihydro-PGF2alpha, a major stable metabolite of PGF2alpha that reflects in vivo PGF2alpha biosynthesis, is found in larger quantities than its parent compound in the circulation and urine in basal physiological conditions, with short-lived pulses during luteolysis, induced termination of pregnancy and parturition, and is increased in tissues and various body fluids during acute, sub-chronic, and severe chronic inflammation. Further, the close relationship of PGF2alpha with a number of risk factors for atherosclerosis indicates its major role in inflammation pathology. This review addresses multiple aspects of PGF2alpha in addition to its emerging role in physiology to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Berg K, Haaverstad R, Astudillo R, Björngaard M, Skarra S, Wiseth R, Basu S, Jynge P. Oxidative stress during coronary artery bypass operations: importance of surgical trauma and drug treatment. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2007; 40:291-7. [PMID: 17012140 DOI: 10.1080/14017430600855077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate oxidative stress and myocardial injury at different stages of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). DESIGN Twenty patients underwent CABG with use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and with intermittent sampling of plasma and urine. Main markers were: 8-iso-PGF2alpha (oxidative stress); troponin T (myocardial injury); and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2alpha and hsCRP (inflammation). RESULTS Plasma 8-iso-PGF2alpha increased after start of surgery, but there was no further rise during CPB or after aortic cross-clamp release and no significant myocardial arterio-venous differences. An increase in troponin T was seen early after the operation, but no relationship was established between 8-iso-PGF2alpha and troponin T. 8-iso-PGF2alpha levels were elevated by preoperative withdrawal of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) but reduced by intraoperative use of heparin. 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2alpha was elevated during operation and hsCRP following operation. CONCLUSIONS In the present study oxidative stress was multifactorial in origin with main impacts from surgical trauma, less from CPB and little if any from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion events. In addition, cardiovascular drugs in common use like ASA and heparin seemed to influence the pro- and antioxidant balance, a finding that has to be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Berg
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Alpay Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP. Female infertility and free radicals: potential role in adhesions and endometriosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:390-8. [PMID: 16872846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules produced in the cell either as part of, or as end-products of, biochemical reactions that have crucial roles in the homeostasis of the organism. Thus, excess production or impaired elimination of free radicals leads to increased oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the development of several different disease states, including hypoxia-reperfusion injury, cancer, and aging. Peritoneal adhesions and endometriosis are relatively commonly identified in women, and are known to be associated with infertility without clearly understood pathophysiology. The prevention and treatment strategies of these conditions, both of which have tremendous propensity to recur, have not been completely established. The development of both disorders has been shown to be closely related to the presence of increased oxidative stress in the tissues. In this article, we review this relationship with reference to the mechanistic steps involved and their regulation. As our knowledge of both conditions expands, we believe there will be opportunities for specific steps to intervention in free radical metabolism to reduce and/or prevent further development of endometriosis and adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Alpay
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Ateghang B, Wartenberg M, Gassmann M, Sauer H. Regulation of cardiotrophin-1 expression in mouse embryonic stem cells by HIF-1alpha and intracellular reactive oxygen species. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:1043-52. [PMID: 16507596 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyogenesis in differentiating mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells is promoted by cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the IL-6 interleukin superfamily that acts through the tall gp130 cytokine receptor. We show that prooxidants (menadione, hydrogen peroxide) as well as chemical (CoCl2) and physiological (1% O2) hypoxia increased CT-1 as well as HIF-1alpha protein and mRNA expression in embryoid bodies, indicating that CT-1 expression is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypoxia. Treatment with either prooxidants or chemical hypoxia increased gp130 phosphorylation and protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p22-phox, p47-phox, p67-phox, as well as Nox1 and Nox4 mRNA. Consequently, inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity by diphenylen iodonium chloride (DPI) and apocynin abolished prooxidant- and chemical hypoxia-induced upregulation of CT-1. Prooxidants and chemical hypoxia activated ERK1,2, JNK and p38 as well as PI3-kinase. The proxidant- and CoCl2-mediated upregulation of CT-1 was significantly inhibited in the presence of the ERK1,2 antagonist UO126, the JNK antagonist SP600125, the p38 antagonist SKF86002, the PI3-kinase antagonist LY294002, the Jak-2 antagonist AG490 as well as in the presence of free radical scavengers. Moreover, developing embryoid bodies derived from HIF-1alpha-/- ES cells lack cardiomyogenesis, and prooxidants as well as chemical hypoxia failed to upregulate CT-1 expression. Our results demonstrate that CT-1 expression in ES cells is regulated by ROS and HIF-1alpha and imply a crucial role of CT-1 in the survival and proliferation of ES-cell-derived cardiac cells.
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Nikolic-Heitzler V, Rabuzin F, Tatzber F, Vrkic N, Bulj N, Borovic S, Wonisch W, Sunko BM, Zarkovic N. Persistent Oxidative Stress after Myocardial Infarction Treated by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2006; 210:247-55. [PMID: 17077602 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.210.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction causing cardiac ischemia is responsible for the majority of cardiac related deaths. Medical interventions that ensure rapid reperfusion, such as percutaneous coronary intervention, are aimed to allow myocardial re-oxygenation. However, this generates reactive oxygen species, resembling ischemia-reperfusion type of injury based on oxidative stress. In the present study we monitored dynamic changes of total serum peroxides, total antioxidant capacity and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as well as the titer of antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins in the blood during the convalescence period of 32 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Samples were taken at admittance and at two hours, four hours, three days and seven days following percutaneous coronary intervention. Total antioxidant capacity dropped to 82% (p < 0.05). The titer of antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins transiently decreased within the first three days, and increased afterwards. The values of serum peroxides and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 increased continuously in respect to the initial levels reaching the maximum at the time of release from hospital. These findings indicate a persistent oxidative stress that might be associated with intravascular inflammation in patients during convalescence and release from hospital.
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