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Bickel A, Khatib S, Kakiashvilli E, Palzur E. Reappraisal of ischemia-reperfusion injury in a short duration laparoscopic surgery, a pilot study. BMC Surg 2021; 21:346. [PMID: 34544418 PMCID: PMC8451121 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum biochemical changes during laparoscopic surgery and positive pressure pneumoperitoneum (PP) may reflect mild oxidative stress due to the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mechanism. However, there is still a controversy regarding the exact mechanism of PP in creating oxidative stress and whether the induction of PP causes I/R effects at all. To elucidate this debated issue, we studied, for the first time, the changes of I/R parameters in the serum, in a pilot study, during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a reliable, independent exogenous oxidative biomarker, together with common intrinsic biomarkers of oxidative stress. Patients and methods Our study included 20 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We evaluated the levels of the extrinsic and endogenous markers for oxidative stress during awareness, under anesthesia, the end of surgery (abdominal CO2 evacuation), and 2 h afterward. Results After an initial increase in oxidative stress following anesthesia, we did not notice any further significant rise in the levels of the synthetic exogenous and the endogenous biomarkers at the end of the surgery and 2 h later on. However, a positive correlation was noted between the levels of both the intrinsic and extrinsic markers. Conclusions In our study, the capability of the extrinsic biomarker to detect mild oxidative stress was not validated. Our study stresses the heterogeneous nature of the oxidative reactions and the diversity of the endogenous and exogenous biomarkers while detecting various biochemical patterns under mild oxidative stress, during the short period of laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitai Bickel
- Department of Surgery A, Galilee Medical Center, P.O.Box 21, 22100, Nahariya, Israel. .,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Biochemistry, MIGAL Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Eli Kakiashvilli
- Department of Surgery A, Galilee Medical Center, P.O.Box 21, 22100, Nahariya, Israel.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Eilam Palzur
- Eliachar Research Laboratories, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
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Gao ZX, Rao J, Li YH. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction by reducing oxidant stress and inflammation. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:329-336. [PMID: 28400818 PMCID: PMC5361520 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.200816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a crucial public health issue that has been increasingly studied in efforts to reduce symptoms or prevent its occurrence. However, effective advances remain lacking. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning has proved to protect vital organs, such as the heart, liver, and brain. Recently, it has been introduced and widely studied in the prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, with promising results. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain controversial. This review summarizes and highlights the definition and application of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning, the perniciousness and pathogenetic mechanism underlying postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and the effects that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning has on postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Finally, we conclude that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning is an effective and feasible method to prevent, alleviate, and improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and that its mechanism of action is very complex, involving the stimulation of endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammation defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuan-Hai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Vaya J. Exogenous markers for the characterization of human diseases associated with oxidative stress. Biochimie 2013; 95:578-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Aluf Y, Vaya J, Khatib S, Loboda Y, Finberg JPM. Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A or B reduces striatal oxidative stress in rats with partial depletion of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway. Neuropharmacology 2012; 65:48-57. [PMID: 22982254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Partial lesion (50%) of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway induces compensatory increase in dopamine release from the remaining neurons and increased extracellular oxidative stress (OS(-ec)) in the striatum. The present study was designed to explore the role of monoamine oxidase types A and B (MAO-A, MAO-B) in producing this increased oxidative stress. Lesion of the dopaminergic pathways in the CNS was produced in rats by intra-cerebroventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 250 μg) and striatal microdialysis was carried out 5 weeks later. Striatal OS(ec) was determined by measurement of oxidized derivatives of the marker molecule N-linoleyl-tyrosine. Striatal tissue MAO-A activity was unchanged by 6-OHDA lesion but MAO-B activity was increased by 16%, together with a 45% increase in glial cell content. The selective MAO-B inhibitor rasagiline (0.05 mg/kg s.c. daily for 14 days) did not affect microdialysate dopamine concentration [DA(ec)] in sham-operated rats, but decreased OS(ec) by 30%. In lesioned rats, rasagiline decreased [DA(ec)] by 42% with a 49% reduction in OS(ec). The decrease in [DA(ec)] was reversed by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (10 mg/kg s.c.). The selective MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline (0.2 mg/kg s.c. daily for 14 days) increased striatal [DA(ec)] by 72% in sham-operated rats with no change in OS(ec). In lesioned rats clorgyline increased [DA(ec)] by 66% and decreased OS(ec) by 44%. Rasagiline and clorgyline were effective to a similar extent in reduction of tissue levels of 7-ketocholesterol and the ratio GSSG/GSH, indicative of reduced intracellular oxidative stress level. This data implies that gliosis in our 6-OHDA animals together with inhibition of glial cell MAO-B by rasagiline causes an increase in local levels of dopamine at the presynaptic receptors, and a reduction in dopamine release (and in [DA(ec)]) by presynaptic inhibition. Moreover, inhibition of MAO-A or MAO-B reduces the enhanced level of oxidative stress in the lesioned striatum, and while both clorgyline and rasagiline reduced DA oxidative metabolism, rasagiline possesses an additional antioxidant property, not only that resulting from MAO inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Aluf
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Medical Faculty, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Tavori H, Aviram M, Khatib S, Musa R, Mannheim D, Karmeli R, Vaya J. Paraoxonase 1 protects macrophages from atherogenicity of a specific triglyceride isolated from human carotid lesion. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:234-42. [PMID: 21530644 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human atherosclerotic lesions contain oxidized lipids that facilitate further oxidation of macrophages, LDLs, and oxidative stress (OS)-sensitive markers and inhibit the antiatherogenic enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Our aim was to isolate and identify the oxidizing agent in a human atherosclerotic lesion lipid extract (LLE) and to explore the mechanisms of oxidation and of PON1's effect on the oxidizing agent. Of the five main fractions separated from the LLE, only fraction 2 (F2) promoted macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via a mechanism requiring mitochondrial involvement, whereas the NADPH oxidase system was not involved. Incubation of F2 with PON1 abridged the former's peroxide value and reduced its capacity to oxidize OS markers. The active agent was a triglyceride composed of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids, with 0.3% of its linoleic moiety in oxidized form. Incubation of either F2 or an identical synthetic triglyceride with PON1 reduced their ability to oxidize macrophages, without affecting cellular accumulation of triglycerides. We conclude that macrophage ROS production by LLE occurs in the presence of a specific triglyceride and requires mitochondrial involvement. Lipid peroxide in the triglyceride can also facilitate lipid autoxidation. Both atherogenic pathways are suppressed by PON1, which acts as an antiatherogenic element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Tavori
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
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Aluf Y, Vaya J, Khatib S, Finberg JPM. Alterations in striatal oxidative stress level produced by pharmacological manipulation of dopamine as shown by a novel synthetic marker molecule. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:87-94. [PMID: 21414328 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is thought to participate in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, but the contribution of dopamine metabolism and auto-oxidation to OS in Parkinson's and other diseases is not clear. Oxidative stress in rat striatum was measured by microdialysis using a novel synthetic compound composed of tyrosine and linoleic acid (LT), and determination of the oxidation products LT-OOH and LT-epoxy by HPLC-MS. Since LT is non-diffusible through the microdialysis membrane, the oxidized products formed in microdialyzate reflect oxidation state in the extracellular compartment. The extracellular oxidative stress (OS(ec)) was compared with intracellular oxidative stress (OS(ic)) as measured by tissue levels of oxidized and reduced glutathione and 7-ketocholesterol. Reserpinization caused an increase in OS(ic) but a reduction in OS(ec). Inhibition of both subtypes of monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B) with tranylcypromine caused a reduction in both OS(ic) and OS(ec) whereas selective inhibition of MAO-A with clorgyline caused a reduction in Os(ic) but no change in OS(ec). A high dose (10 mg/kg) of amphetamine caused an increase in OS(ec) whereas a smaller dose (4 mg/kg) caused a reduction in OS(ec). Both doses of amphetamine reduced OS(ic). The present findings are consistent with a role of monoamine oxidase as well as dopamine auto-oxidation in production of striatal OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aluf
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Medical Faculty, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Eitam H, Vaya J, Brosh A, Orlov A, Khatib S, Izhaki I, Shabtay A. Differential stress responses among newly received calves: variations in reductant capacity and Hsp gene expression. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:865-76. [PMID: 20401744 PMCID: PMC3024063 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD), a major economic concern to the beef cattle industry all over the world, is triggered by physical, biological and psychological stresses. It is becoming noticeable that the key to reducing BRD appears to be centered at reducing the response to stress. The aims of the present study were to detect individual variations in the stress response of newly received young calves through their leukocyte heat shock protein (Hsp) response, selected neutrophil-related gene expression and oxidative stress, and relate them to pulmonary adhesions at slaughter, an indicative sign of clinical and subclinical episodes of BRD at an early age. Differential expression patterns of Hsp60 and Hsp70A1A were revealed in newly received calves 1 h, 5 h and 1 day after arrival, distinguishing between stress-responsive and non-stress-responsive individuals. Plasma cortisol was also indicative of stress-responsive and non-stress-responsive individuals, 1 h and 5 h after arrival. At the longer term, β-glycan levels were highest 7 days after arrival and significantly correlated with an adhesion-free phenotype at slaughter. Oxidative stress responses, measured through the oxidation products of the exogenous linoleoyl tyrosine (LT) marker, revealed that hydroperoxidation and epoxidation of membranes may readily occur. Based on the LT oxidation products and levels of β-glycan, we present a discriminant analysis model, according to which vulnerable individuals may be predicted at near 100% probability 7 days after arrival. Since clinical signs of BRD may often go undetected in feedlot calves, such a model, after its examination in large-scale experiments, may be a reliable tool for an early prediction of subclinical signs of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harel Eitam
- Department of Ruminant Science & Genetics, Institute of Animal Science, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Haifa, 31905 Tivon, Israel
| | - Jacob Vaya
- Migal, Galilee Technological Center, Kiryat Shmona, 10200 Israel
| | - Arieh Brosh
- Department of Ruminant Science & Genetics, Institute of Animal Science, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
| | - Ala Orlov
- Department of Ruminant Science & Genetics, Institute of Animal Science, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Migal, Galilee Technological Center, Kiryat Shmona, 10200 Israel
| | - Ido Izhaki
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Haifa, 31905 Tivon, Israel
| | - Ariel Shabtay
- Department of Ruminant Science & Genetics, Institute of Animal Science, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
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Cheng TM, Mao SJT, Lai ST, Chang CC, Yang MC, Chen NC, Chou SC, Pan JP. Haemoglobin-induced oxidative stress is associated with both endogenous peroxidase activity and H2O2 generation from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Free Radic Res 2010; 45:303-16. [PMID: 21034361 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.532492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Patients with increased haemolytic haemoglobin (Hb) have 10-20-times greater incidence of cardiovascular mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of Hb peroxidase activity in LDL oxidation. The role of Hb in lipid peroxidation, H(2)O(2) generation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was assessed using NaN(3), a peroxidase inhibitor, catalase, a H(2)O(2) decomposing enzyme and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), respectively. Hb induced H(2)O(2) production by reacting with LDL, linoleate and cell membrane lipid extracts. Hb-induced LDL oxidation was inhibited by NaN(3) and catalase. Furthermore, Hb stimulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, which was inhibited by the antioxidant, probucol. Thus, the present study suggests that the peroxidase activity of Hb produces atherogenic, oxidized LDL and oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the cell membrane and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation mediated Hb-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Mu Cheng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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Aluf Y, Vaya J, Khatib S, Loboda Y, Kizhner S, Finberg JPM. Specific oxidative stress profile associated with partial striatal dopaminergic depletion by 6-hydroxydopamine as assessed by a novel multifunctional marker molecule. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:635-44. [DOI: 10.3109/10715761003692529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Paraoxonase 1 Attenuates Human Plaque Atherogenicity: Relevance to the Enzyme Lactonase Activity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 660:99-111. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-350-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Tavori H, Aviram M, Khatib S, Musa R, Nitecki S, Hoffman A, Vaya J. Human carotid atherosclerotic plaque increases oxidative state of macrophages and low-density lipoproteins, whereas paraoxonase 1 (PON1) decreases such atherogenic effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:607-15. [PMID: 19103284 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human atherosclerotic plaque contains a variety of oxidized lipids, which can facilitate further oxidation. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase (lipolactonase), exhibiting antiatherogenic properties. The aims of the present study were to examine the oxidizing potency of the human carotid plaque lipid extract (LE), and the antiatherogenic role of PON1 on LE oxidation competence. Human carotid plaques were extracted by organic solvent, and the extract was incubated with lipoprotein particles, with macrophages, or with probes sensitive to oxidative stress, with or without preincubation with PON1, followed by oxidative-stress assessment. Our findings imply that the LE oxidized LDL, macrophages, and exogenous probes and decreases HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages, in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation of PON1 with LE significantly affects LE composition, reduces LE atherogenic properties, and decreases the extract's total peroxide concentration by 44%, macrophage oxidation by 25%, and probe oxidation by up to 52%. We conclude that these results expand our understanding of how the plaque itself accelerates atherogenesis and provides an important mechanism for attenuation of atherosclerosis development by the antioxidant action of PON1 on the atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Tavori
- MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, Tel Hai College, Israel
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Szuchman A, Aviram M, Musa R, Khatib S, Vaya J. Characterization of oxidative stress in blood from diabetic vs. hypercholesterolaemic patients, using a novel synthesized marker. Biomarkers 2008; 13:119-31. [PMID: 17852078 DOI: 10.1080/13547500701614556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we extend our novel concept of designing and using exogenous markers for the characterization of oxidative stress (OS) and OS-associated diseases. The aim was to use such a synthetic compound as a tool for studying OS in blood from diabetic and hypercholesterolaemic (Hc) patients. The marker used N-linoleoyl tyrosine (LT) was constructed from tyrosine and linoleic acid (LA); both components are known to be easily oxidized upon exposure to different types of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and to generate specific oxidized products, depending on the type of oxidants present in vivo. Using the LT probe, we showed that the ratios of oxidized LT to total LT (Ox-LT/LT) is significantly higher in blood samples obtained from diabetic patients, than in Hc patients or healthy control subjects. LC/MS analysis revealed that blood from diabetic patients oxidizes the marker with predominant formation of Ox-LT hydroperoxide (LT-OOH) and epoxide (epoxy-LT), where the LA moiety is oxidized to hydroperoxide and to epoxide, respectively. Analysis of oxysterol levels in these samples (GC/MS) revealed that the blood of both diabetic and Hc patients contained significantly more oxysterols than blood of control subjects. Consumption of pomegranate juice by diabetic patients for 3 months suppressed their blood capacity to oxidize the LT and similarly also reduced their blood oxysterol/total cholesterol ratio by 93%. The use of an exogenous marker to characterize OS in blood samples yields important information on the extent of OS, and can provide a fingerprint for the early identification of different pathological conditions associated with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Szuchman
- The Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Compounds, Migal-Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
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Vaya J. Novel designed probes for the characterization of oxidative stress in biological fluids, cells, and tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 477:3-13. [PMID: 19082934 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-517-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is linked to the development of human diseases. Early identification of OS-associated diseases is essential in the control of their progression and treatment. Efforts have been undertaken to identify reliable endogenous markers, which correlate with the progression of a disease in an organ undergoing OS. An ideal biomarker must be validated, utilize noninvasive sampling, and have a simple, specific and highly sensitive detection method. Among the currently used markers assessing OS, are those that are nonspecific (peroxide value [PV], conjugated dienes [CD], thiobarbitoric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), and others that measure end-products of oxidized degradation biomolecules (isoprostanes, oxysterols, keto-proteins, 8-oxodeoxyguanosine), whose accumulation is not necessarily correlated with augmented OS. The search for a more reliable marker necessitates new approaches to fulfill such requirements and overcome many of the obstacles associated with the current markers. We suggest a new strategy of using designed exogenous novel reporters, constructed from endogenous subunits, that are sensitive to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and commonly known to react with them, forming specific oxidized products. These subunits are tyrosine (representing proteins), bonded covalently to linoleic acid (representing polyunsaturated fatty acids) forming an amide bond, which can be further connected through an ester bond to a third unit, either to cholesterol (representing sterols) or to 2'-deoxyguanosine (representing DNA). Oxidation of the designed probe can outline, in real time, the formation of oxidation products and distinguish them from intrinsic biomolecules, provide information about the relative subunit susceptibilities to a specific oxidant challenge, and allow for the assessment of the utility of intervention, such as antioxidant supplementation. By utilizing such markers, it may be possible to correlate between the damaged fingerprints of the marker and the specific pathological conditions. The above markers were tested to characterize OS in in vitro and in in vivo experiments, such as in those carried out in human fluids (blood, serum, saliva), tissues (brain or muscle homogenates), and cells (macrophages, astrocytes, neurons), pertaining to OS-associated diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Vaya
- Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Compounds, Migal-Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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Vaya J, Song W, Khatib S, Geng G, Schipper HM. Effects of heme oxygenase-1 expression on sterol homeostasis in rat astroglia. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:864-71. [PMID: 17320768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and altered cholesterol metabolism are characteristic of Alzheimer-diseased (AD) neural tissues. Central oxidation of cholesterol to oxysterols has been implicated in neuroembryogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and membrane repair. In the current study, we demonstrated that transient transfection of rat astroglia with human (h)ho-1 cDNA for 3 days significantly decreased intracellular cholesterol concentrations and increased levels of four oxysterol species (measured by GC/MS) compared to untreated control cultures and HO-1-transfected cells exposed to the HO inhibitor, tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP). Relative to control preparations, oxidative stress was augmented in mitochondria (isolated by subcellular fractionation) and culture media derived from HO-1-transfected astrocytes, as evidenced by enhanced oxidation of the synthetic reporter molecules, linoleoyl tyrosine (LT), linoleoyl tyrosine cholesterol ester (LTC), or linoleoyl tyrosine deoxyguanosyl ester (LTG; measured by GC/MS and LC/MS/MS). We also observed enhanced oxidation of exogenous LTC in human neuroblastoma (M17) cells exposed for 18 h to conditioned media collected from HO-1-transfected astrocytes relative to control media. In AD and other pathological states, glial HO-1 induction may transduce ambient noxious stimuli (e.g., beta-amyloid) into altered patterns of glial sterol metabolism which, in turn, may affect neuronal membrane turnover, survival, and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Vaya
- Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Compounds, Migal-Galilee Technological Center, Kiryat-Shmona 11016, Israel
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Aviram M, Kaplan M, Rosenblat M, Fuhrman B. Dietary antioxidants and paraoxonases against LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis development. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005:263-300. [PMID: 16596803 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-27661-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial wall plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Under oxidative stress LDL is exposed to oxidative modifications by arterial wall cells including macrophages. Oxidative stress also induces cellular-lipid peroxidation, resulting in the formation of 'oxidized macrophages', which demonstrate increased capacity to oxidize LDL and increased uptake of oxidized LDL. Macrophage-mediated oxidation of LDL depends on the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants in the lipoprotein and in the cells. LDL is protected from oxidation by antioxidants, as well as by a second line of defense--paraoxonase 1 (PON1), which is a high-density lipoprotein-associated esterase that can hydrolyze and reduce lipid peroxides in lipoproteins and in arterial cells. Cellular paraoxonases (PON2 and PON3) may also play an important protective role against oxidative stress at the cellular level. Many epidemiological studies have indicated a protective role for a diet rich in fruits and vegetables against the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. A large number of studies provide data suggesting that consumption of dietary antioxidants is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular diseases. Basic research provides plausible mechanisms by which dietary antioxidants might reduce the development of atherosclerosis. These mechanisms include inhibition of LDL oxidation, inhibition of cellular lipid peroxidation and consequently attenuation of cell-mediated oxidation of LDL. An additional possible mechanism is preservation/increment of paraoxonases activity by dietary antioxidants. This review chapter presents recent data on the anti-atherosclerotic effects and mechanism of action of three major groups of dietary antioxidants-vitamin E, carotenoids and polyphenolic flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicin and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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