1
|
Lai B, Wadsworth D, Spring K, Jones CS, Mintz M, Malone LA, Kim Y, Wilroy J, Lee H. Validity and Reliability of a Telehealth Physical Fitness and Functional Assessment Battery for Ambulatory Youth With and Without Mobility Disabilities: Observational Measurement Study. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 11:e50582. [PMID: 38345838 PMCID: PMC10897795 DOI: 10.2196/50582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth (age 15-24 years) with and without disability are not adequately represented enough in exercise research due to a lack of time and transportation. These barriers can be overcome by including accessible web-based assessments that eliminate the need for on-site visitations. There is no simple, low-cost, and psychometrically sound compilation of measures for physical fitness and function that can be applied to youth with and without mobility disabilities. OBJECTIVE The first purpose was to determine the statistical level of agreement of 4 web-modified clinical assessments with how they are typically conducted in person at a laboratory (convergent validity). The second purpose was to determine the level of agreement between a novice and an expert rater (interrater reliability). The third purpose was to explore the feasibility of implementing the assessments via 2 metrics: safety and duration. METHODS The study enrolled 19 ambulatory youth: 9 (47%) with cerebral palsy with various mobility disabilities from a children's hospital and 10 (53%) without disabilities from a university student population. Participants performed a battery of tests via videoconferencing and in person. The test condition (teleassessment and in person) order was randomized. The battery consisted of the hand grip strength test with a dynamometer, the five times sit-to-stand test (FTST), the timed up-and-go (TUG) test, and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) either around a standard circular track (in person) or around a smaller home-modified track (teleassessment version, home-modified 6-minute walk test [HM6MWT]). Statistical analyses included descriptive data, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS The mean time to complete the in-person assessment was 16.9 (SD 4.8) minutes and the teleassessment was 21.1 (SD 5.9) minutes. No falls, injuries, or adverse events occurred. Excellent convergent validity was shown for telemeasured hand grip strength (right ICC=0.96, left ICC=0.98, P<.001) and the TUG test (ICC=0.92, P=.01). The FTST demonstrated good agreement (ICC=0.95, 95% CI 0.79-0.98; P=.01). The HM6MWT demonstrated poor absolute agreement with the 6MWT. However, further exploratory analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the tests (r=0.83, P<.001). The interrater reliability was excellent for all tests (all ICCs>0.9, P<.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that videoconference assessments are convenient and useful measures of fitness and function among youth with and without disabilities. This paper presents operationalized teleassessment procedures that can be replicated by health professionals to produce valid and reliable measurements. This study is a first step toward developing teleassessments that can bypass the need for on-site data collection visitations for this age group. Further research is needed to identify psychometrically sound teleassessment procedures, particularly for measures of cardiorespiratory endurance or walking ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byron Lai
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Danielle Wadsworth
- Exercise Adherence and Obesity Prevention Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Katherine Spring
- Exercise Adherence and Obesity Prevention Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Division of Population and Public Health Science, Pediatric Obesity and Health Behavior Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Chloe S Jones
- Exercise Adherence and Obesity Prevention Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Madison Mintz
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Laurie A Malone
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jereme Wilroy
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Holim Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rosoł M, Petelczyc M, Gąsior JS, Młyńczak M. Prediction of peak oxygen consumption using cardiorespiratory parameters from warmup and submaximal stage of treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291706. [PMID: 38198496 PMCID: PMC10781163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the quality of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) prediction based on cardiac and respiratory parameters calculated from warmup and submaximal stages of treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) using machine learning (ML) techniques and assesses the importance of respiratory parameters for the prediction outcome. The database consists of the following parameters: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RespRate), pulmonary ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) obtained from 369 treadmill CPETs. Combinations of features calculated based on the HR, VE and RespRate time-series from different stages of CPET were used to create 11 datasets for VO2peak prediction. Thirteen ML algorithms were employed, and model performances were evaluated using cross-validation with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), R2 score, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) calculated after each iteration of the validation. The results demonstrated that incorporating respiratory-based features improves the prediction of VO2peak. The best results in terms of R2 score (0.47) and RMSE (5.78) were obtained for the dataset which included both cardiac- and respiratory-based features from CPET up to 85% of age-predicted HRmax, while the best results in terms of MAPE (10.5%) and MAE (4.63) were obtained for the dataset containing cardiorespiratory features from the last 30 seconds of warmup. The study showed the potential of using ML models based on cardiorespiratory features from submaximal tests for prediction of VO2peak and highlights the importance of the monitoring of respiratory signals, enabling to include respiratory parameters into the analysis. Presented approach offers a feasible alternative to direct VO2peak measurement, especially when specialized equipment is limited or unavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Rosoł
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Petelczyc
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub S. Gąsior
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcel Młyńczak
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Delbressine JM, Jensen D, Vaes AW, Li PZ, Bourbeau J, Tan WC, Hajian B, van 't Hul AJ, Spruit MA. Reference values for six-minute walk distance and six-minute walk work in Caucasian adults. Pulmonology 2023; 29:399-409. [PMID: 37045743 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a practical and simple field-based test to assess physical capacity. Several reference equations for six-minute walking distance (6MWD, m) exist, but have a number of limitations that decrease their clinical utility. In addition, no reference equations exist for the 6MWT-derived outcome six-minute walk work (6MWORK, kg.m). OBJECTIVES To establish new reference equations for 6MWD and 6MWORK on a 20 m course using data from the population-based Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease study. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS A total of 335 participants without obstructive or restrictive pulmonary function, with normal self-reported health status, normal exercise capacity, and <30 pack years cigarette smoking history were selected to create a representative sample of Canadian adults aged ≥40 years. All participants performed two 6MWTs. Reference equations were derived using multiple regression analyses. MAIN RESULTS On average, 6MWD and 6MWORK were 541±98 m and 41.3 ± 11.2 kg.m, respectively. All outcomes were significantly greater in males than females. Sex-specific reference equations were derived from the results of 6MWD and 6MWORK with an explained variance of 24 to 35%. CONCLUSIONS This study established reference equations for 6MWD and 6MWORK on a 20 m course in Caucasian males and females aged ≥40 years with normal pulmonary function, self-reported health status and exercise capacity. These newly derived reference equations add value to the assessment of functional capacity in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Delbressine
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, the Netherlands; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine, Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - D Jensen
- Clinical Exercise and Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program and Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - A W Vaes
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, the Netherlands
| | - P Z Li
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J Bourbeau
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - W C Tan
- The University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Hajian
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, the Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A J van 't Hul
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M A Spruit
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, the Netherlands; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine, Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su CH, Peng HY, Tien CW, Huang WC. Effects of a 12-Week Pilates Program on Functional Physical Fitness and Basal Metabolic Rate in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16157. [PMID: 36498231 PMCID: PMC9737173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aging society worldwide carries public and inevitable issues. Aging is accompanied by multiple diseases, and the health impacts challenge healthcare and social systems. In addition to medical treatment, exercise has been recognized as an effective strategy not only for disease prevention and alleviation, but also for multiple health benefits on health promotion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a suitable Pilates exercise intervention program on health maintenance and benefits in community-dwelling middle-aged women with a quasi-experimental design. Methods: We recruited healthy middle-aged community-dwelling women who had not regularly exercised in the previous three months. The participants were assigned to the experimental (n = 22) and control (n = 23) groups based on a quasi-experimental design. The experimental group participated in a mat-based Pilates exercise class twice a week (1 h/session) throughout the 12-week intervention, whereas there was no intervention for the control group. Body composition, basal metabolic rate, and functional physical fitness—comprising cardiovascular capacity, flexibility, muscular strength of upper limbs, muscular strength of lower limbs, core strength, agility, static balance, and dynamic balance—were assessed as primary outcomes in both groups before and after the intervention. Results: There were no significant differences in any of the dependent variables between the two groups before the exercise intervention. After the 12-week intervention, body composition, including body mass index, body fat (−1.5 to 3%), and basal metabolic rate (+10.6%), and functional fitness, including flexibility (+3.5%), core strength (+31.5%), lower-limb strength (+13.5%), agility (+7.3%), and balance (+4.2%), improved significantly in the experimental group relative to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the improvement in physical fitness in lower-limb strength, agility, and balance for fall prevention also demonstrated higher clinical significance than the control. Conclusions: This 12-week mat-based Pilates exercise program significantly improved body composition, basal metabolic rate, and functional physical fitness in community-dwelling middle-aged women. The beneficial effects of Pilates exercise programs may thus promote improved health in the middle-aged female population, with practical implications for communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiao Su
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Camillian St. Mary’s Hospital Luodong, Yilan 265502, Taiwan
| | - Hsuen-Ying Peng
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Tien
- Physical Education Office, General Education Center, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stroke volume and cardiac output during 6 minute-walk tests are strong predictors of maximal oxygen uptake in people after stroke. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273794. [PMID: 36040986 PMCID: PMC9426911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives
The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a field test commonly used to predict peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) in people after stroke. Inclusion of cardiodynamic variables measured by impedance cardiography (ICG) during a 6MWT has been shown to improve prediction of VO2peak in healthy adults but these data have not been considered in people after stroke. This study investigates whether the prediction of VO2peak can be improved by the inclusion of cardiovascular indices derived by impedance cardiography (ICG) during the 6MWT in people after stroke.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with stroke underwent in random order, a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and 6MWT in separate dates. Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were measured by ICG during all tests. Oxygen consumption was recorded by a metabolic cart during the CPET. Recorded data were subjected to multiple regression analyses to generate VO2peak prediction equations.
Results
Fifty-nine patients, mean age 50.0±11.7 years were included in the analysis. The mean distance covered in the 6MWT (6MWD) was 294±13 m, VO2peak was 19.2±3.2 ml/min/kg. Mean peak HR, SV and CO recorded during 6MWT were 109±6 bpm, 86.3±8.8 ml, 9.4±1.2 L/min and during CPET were 135±14 bpm, 86.6±9 ml, 11.7±2 L/min respectively. The prediction equation with inclusion of cardiodynamic variables: 16.855 + (-0.060 x age) + (0.196 x BMI) + (0.01 x 6MWD) + (-0.416 x SV6MWT) + (3.587 x CO 6MWT) has a higher squared multiple correlation (R2) and a lower standard error of estimate (SEE) and SEE% compared to the equation using 6MWD as the only predictor.
Conclusion
Inclusion of SV and CO measured during the 6MWT in stroke patients further improved the VO2peak prediction power compared to using 6MWD as a lone predictor.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sokas D, Paliakaitė B, Rapalis A, Marozas V, Bailón R, Petrėnas A. Detection of Walk Tests in Free-Living Activities Using a Wrist-Worn Device. Front Physiol 2021; 12:706545. [PMID: 34456748 PMCID: PMC8397518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.706545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise testing to assess the response to physical rehabilitation or lifestyle interventions is administered in clinics thus at best can be repeated only few times a year. This study explores a novel approach to collecting information on functional performance through walk tests, e.g., a 6-min walk test (6MWT), unintentionally performed in free-living activities. Walk tests are detected in step data provided by a wrist-worn device. Only those events of minute-to-minute variation in walking cadence, which is equal or lower than the empirically determined maximal SD (e.g., 5-steps), are considered as walk test candidates. Out of detected walk tests within the non-overlapping sliding time interval (e.g., 1-week), the one with the largest number of steps is chosen as the most representative. This approach is studied on a cohort of 99 subjects, assigned to the groups of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and healthy subjects below and over 40-years-old, who were asked to wear the device while maintaining their usual physical activity regimen. The total wear time was 8,864 subject-days after excluding the intervals of occasionally discontinued monitoring. About 82% (23/28) of patients with CVD and 88% (21/24) of healthy subjects over 40-years-old had at least a single 6MWT over the 1st month of monitoring. About 52% of patients with CVD (12/23) and 91% (19/21) of healthy subjects over 40-years-old exceeded 500 m. Patients with CVD, on average, walked 46 m shorter 6MWT distance (p = 0.04) compared to healthy subjects. Unintentional walk testing is feasible and could be valuable for repeated assessment of functional performance outside the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daivaras Sokas
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Paliakaitė
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Rapalis
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Marozas
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Raquel Bailón
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation & Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrius Petrėnas
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sørensen SL, Kjeldsen SS, Mortensen SS, Hansen UT, Hansen D, Pedersen AR, Pallesen H. "More air-better performance-faster recovery": study protocol for randomised controlled trial of the effect of post-stroke inspiratory muscle training for adults. Trials 2021; 22:575. [PMID: 34454573 PMCID: PMC8401331 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke results in varying physical, cognitive, emotional and/or social disabilities in the short and long term alike. Motor impairments are important, persistent consequences of stroke and include, among others, decreased respiratory muscle function, decreased ability to expand the thorax and postural dysfunction. These deficits affect the patient's ability to perform daily activities, produce fatigue and reduce endurance and quality of life. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) aims to improve the strength and endurance of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of 3 weeks of IMT on (i) maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) in adults having suffered a stroke, as well as (ii) functional activities and expiratory measurements. METHODS/DESIGN This is a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing IMT with conventional neurorehabilitation (usual practice). The trial will include 80 patients with reduced MIP hospitalised at a specialised neurorehabilitation hospital in Denmark. The intervention group will receive IMT sessions, exercising at 30% of MIP. Patients in the intervention group will perform two daily sessions (one session of IMT with Threshold IMT consisting of two times 15 inspirations at normal breathing rhythm (5-10 min)), 7 days a week for 3 weeks. Training can be with or without physiotherapist supervision. STUDY OUTCOMES MIP assessed by the Power Breath, Functional Independence Measurement, The 6-min walk test, the Fatigue Severity Scale and average voice volume. Expiratory function will be assessed using spirometry. All assessments will be conducted at baseline and 3 weeks (at termination of the intervention) and 3 months after the intervention has concluded. DISCUSSION IMT is a promising and partly self-managed tool for rehabilitation to improve respiratory function. The introduction of IMT in combination with traditional physical therapy may enhance faster recovery after stroke and may at the same time demand little personnel resources to increase training intensity. This trial will provide further evidence of IMT to clinicians, patients and health managers. Hereby, this study accepts the call for further research. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04686019 . Registered on 28 December 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lillelund Sørensen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, RM, University of Aarhus, Voldbyvej 15, 8450, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Simon Svanborg Kjeldsen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, RM, University of Aarhus, Voldbyvej 15, 8450, Hammel, Denmark.
| | - Sine Secher Mortensen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, RM, University of Aarhus, Voldbyvej 15, 8450, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Ulla Torp Hansen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, RM, University of Aarhus, Voldbyvej 15, 8450, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Hansen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, RM, University of Aarhus, Voldbyvej 15, 8450, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Asger Roger Pedersen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, RM, University of Aarhus, Voldbyvej 15, 8450, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Hanne Pallesen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, RM, University of Aarhus, Voldbyvej 15, 8450, Hammel, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gunnes M, Aksetøy ILA, Follestad T, Indredavik B, Askim T. Can functional walk tests add value to the prediction of cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke? A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255308. [PMID: 34339475 PMCID: PMC8328339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness is often impaired following stroke, and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) is an important prognostic value of all-cause mortality. The primary objective was to investigate whether functional walk tests assessed in the subacute phase after stroke added value in predicting VO2peak in chronic stroke, in addition to age, sex and functional dependency. Secondary objectives were to investigate associations between daily physical activity and functional walk tests, and with VO2peak in chronic stroke. METHODS This prospective cohort study included eligible participants originally included in the randomized controlled trial Life After Stroke. Functional walk tests, i.e., six-minute walk test (6MWT) and maximal gait speed, were assessed at inclusion and 18 months later. VO2peak [ml/kg/min] was assessed by a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill 20 months after inclusion. Daily physical activity was measured by a uniaxial accelerometer (activPAL) at 18-month follow-up. RESULTS Ninety-two community-dwelling individuals, with a mean (SD) age of 69.2 (10.6) years and 33 (35.9%) women, were included 3 months after stroke onset. Eighty-three (90.2%) participants had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or 2, indicating functional independence. An overall assessment of four prediction models indicated the combination of age, sex, mRS and 6MWT as predictors to be the best fitted model in predicting VO2peak (adjusted R2 = 0.612). Secondary results showed statistically significant, but not clinically significant, associations between daily physical activity and functional walk tests, and with VO2peak. CONCLUSIONS 6MWT add significant value to the prediction of mean VO2peak in the chronic phase in mild strokes, in combination with age, sex and functional dependency. This prediction model may facilitate clinical decisions and rehabilitation strategies for mildly affected stroke survivors in risk of low levels of VO2peak. Future studies should validate the model in various stages after stroke and in patients moderately and severely affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Gunnes
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Inger-Lise Aamot Aksetøy
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Turid Follestad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bent Indredavik
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Askim
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahn SY, Lee NG, Lee TH. Relation of exercise capacity to comprehensive physical functions in individuals with ischemic stroke. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 48:375-383. [PMID: 33814473 DOI: 10.3233/nre-201630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired motor control, balance, muscle strength, and respiratory function may affect the exercise capacity related to motor performance and activities in individuals with stroke. OBJECTIVE To identify a physical parameter that the exercise capacity has the most significant relationship among physical parameters related to motor function, trunk control, balance, and motor performance and activities in individuals with ischemic stroke. METHODS In total, 241 ischemic stroke patients were recruited in this retrospective study. The clinical measurements included the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Fugl-Meyer assessment-lower extremity motor function (FMA-LE), trunk impairment scale (TIS), Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUG), 10-meter walk test (10 MWT), functional ambulation category (FAC), and functional independence measure (FIM). RESULTS The 6 MWT was significantly correlated with the FMA-LE, BBS, TUG, 10 MWT, FAC, and FIM, indicating negative or positive moderate correlations. Additionally, the FMA-LE, TIS, BBS, TUG, 10 MWT, FAC, and FIM, excluding the 6 MWT, showed moderate to strong correlations with all of the other outcome measures, whereas the MoCA showed significant correlations only with the BBS and FIM. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the exercise capacity has the most significant relationship with the TUG parameter in stroke patients. Additionally, we suggest that significant relationships between 6 MWT and other comprehensive physical functions measurements are closely related to walking ability in individuals with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Ahn
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gi Lee
- Rehabilitation Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Heon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cho SH, Choi KB. Guidelines for the Evaluation of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy in Stroke Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E222. [PMID: 32707960 PMCID: PMC7551892 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of stroke patients is prioritized over therapeutic interventions to restore cardiorespiratory capacity. This study aimed to develop a clinically applicable guideline to evaluate cardiorespiratory physiotherapy in stroke patients based on a literature review and a modified Delphi survey. The literature search included 13,498 articles in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library electronic databases. We surveyed previous articles between January 2010 and June 2019. After the option elimination process, a total of 27 documents were selected and analyzed (draft: 18, modified Delphi survey: 9). The results of this research are roughly divided into two categories. First, 31 draft items were extracted, and a modified Delphi survey questionnaire was created from a literature review. Second, an expert was asked to make two modified Delphi surveys and to modify, delete, and supplement the entries in the statistical analysis at each level to finalize the steps to 20 items. The guidelines developed in this study reflect the selective use of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy evaluation methods in the clinical setting, based on the health status of individual patients. Moreover, the guidelines may help physiotherapists make informed decisions based on expert knowledge, thereby playing a crucial role in the patient-centered treatment planning process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyoun Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nambu University, 23 Cheomdanjungang-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62271, Korea;
| | - Ki-Bok Choi
- Team of Rehabilitation Treatment, Chosun University Hospital, 365 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61453, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu F, Jones AYM, Tsang RCC, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhou M, Wang Y. Noninvasive investigation of the cardiodynamic response to 6MWT in people after stroke using impedance cardiography. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233000. [PMID: 32555655 PMCID: PMC7299376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a cross-section observational study that investigated the cardiodynamic response to a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients after stroke using impedance cardiography (ICG). Patients diagnosed with stroke were invited to participate in a 6MWT on consecutive days. Heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac index (CI) were measured by ICG using the PhysioFlow® PF07 EnduroTM at 1-second intervals for 10 minutes prior to, during and for 10 minutes after each 6MWT. Oxygen saturation, perceived exertion score (modified Borg scale) and the distance covered at the end of each 6MWT were recorded. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 55.6±10.9 years) completed the study. The mean duration of stroke after diagnosis was 14.4±19.1 months. There were no differences in the measured data between the first and second 6MWT (mean intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) range: 0.87–0.95). The 6 minute walk distance (6WMD) covered in the two 6MWTs was 246±126 and 255±130m respectively (p>0.05). Mean measured data for each subject at rest, and at the end of the better performed 6MWT were, respectively: HR 78±11 and 100±18 bpm; CO 5.5±1.2 and 8.9±2.6 l/min, SV 71.3±16 and 89.3±18.6 ml/beat and CI 3.0±0.6 and 4.9±1.3 l/min/m2. After commencement of the 6MWT, the increase in SV took 30 sec before the rise approaching a plateau, whereas HR, CO and CI continued to rise steeply for 90 sec before leveling off to a steady rise. After completion of the 6MWT, all parameters had returned to baseline by a mean of 3.5 min. Sub-group analysis showed that the increase in cardiac output was predominantly contributed by an increase in heart rate in participants diagnosed with stroke for less than 1 year, whereas both stroke volume and heart rate contributed similarly to the increase in cardiac output in participants with diagnosis of stroke for longer than 1 year. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) both returned to baseline within 2 minutes post 6MWT. HR recorded at the end of the 6MWT was 60.8±10.6% of the predicted maximal heart rate and perceived exertion score was 5±2. Correlations between 6MWD and HR, and between 6MWD and SV were weak, with correlation coefficients Spearman’s rho (rs) =0.46, and 0.42, respectively (p<0.05). Correlation between 6MWD and CO and CI were higher (rs= 0.66 and 0.63, respectively (p<0.01)). This is the first study to report cardiac responses during a 6MWT in stroke patients. ICG is a reliable, non-invasive, repeatable method of measuring cardiodynamic data in stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Health Science Center,Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alice Y. M. Jones
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Raymond C. C. Tsang
- Department of Physiotherapy, MacLehose Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Health Science Center,Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Dapeng New District Nan'ao People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Health Science Center,Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingchao Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Health Science Center,Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Health Science Center,Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Galloway M, Marsden DL, Callister R, Erickson KI, Nilsson M, English C. What Is the Dose-Response Relationship Between Exercise and Cardiorespiratory Fitness After Stroke? A Systematic Review. Phys Ther 2019; 99:821-832. [PMID: 30834439 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise after stroke improves cardiorespiratory fitness and walking capacity; however, the effect of altering exercise dose (via frequency, intensity, time, and type) on fitness or walking capacity is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to synthesize the current evidence for the effects of different doses of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and walking capacity in people after stroke. DATA SOURCES Seven relevant electronic databases were searched using keywords relating to stroke and cardiorespiratory fitness. STUDY SELECTION Trials that compared more than 1 dose of exercise for people (≥ 18 years old) after stroke and measured peak oxygen consumption or 6-minute walk test distance as an outcome were included. Two reviewers independently appraised all trials. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently extracted data from included articles. Intervention variables were extracted in accordance with the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist. DATA SYNTHESIS Data were synthesized narratively. Nine trials involving 279 participants were included. Three of 5 trials comparing exercise intensity showed that higher-intensity training was associated with greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. The effects of other exercise dose components (frequency, time, and type) on fitness were not determined. Overall, walking capacity improved as program length increased. LIMITATIONS All trials had a high risk of bias, and most had a high rate of attrition. Most trials included people more than 6 months after stroke and who walked independently, limiting the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Exercising at an intensity greater than 70% of heart rate reserve can be more effective in increasing cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke than exercising at lower intensities. More trials that compare exercise doses by manipulating only 1 dose parameter at a time for people after stroke are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Galloway
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2305, Australia; and Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne L Marsden
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle; Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Hunter Medical Research Institute; and Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin Callister
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Hunter Medical Research Institute; and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Nilsson
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Hunter Medical Research Institute; and Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle; and Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Hunter Medical Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jalili M, Nazem F, Sazvar A, Ranjbar K. Prediction of Maximal Oxygen Uptake by Six-Minute Walk Test and Body Mass Index in Healthy Boys. J Pediatr 2018; 200:155-159. [PMID: 29773305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an equation to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) based on the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and body composition in healthy boys. STUDY DESIGN Direct VO2max, 6-minute walk distance, and anthropometric characteristics were measured in 349 healthy boys (12.49 ± 2.72 years). Multiple regression analysis was used to generate VO2max prediction equations. Cross-validation of the VO2max prediction equations was assessed with predicted residual sum of squares statistics. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between measured and predicted VO2max. RESULTS Objectively measured VO2max had a significant correlation with demographic and 6MWT characteristics (R = 0.11-0.723, P < .01). Multiple regression analysis revealed the following VO2max prediction equation: VO2max (mL/kg/min) = 12.701 + (0.06 × 6-minute walk distance m) - (0.732 × body mass indexkg/m2) (R2 = 0.79, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 2.91 mL/kg/min, %SEE = 6.9%). There was strong correlation between measured and predicted VO2max (r = 0.875, P < .001). Cross-validation revealed minimal shrinkage (R2p = 0.78 and predicted residual sum of squares SEE = 2.99 mL/kg/min). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a relatively accurate and convenient VO2max prediction equation based on the 6MWT and body mass index in healthy boys. This model can be used for evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness of boys in different settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jalili
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Farzad Nazem
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Akbar Sazvar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Literature and Humanities, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|