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Braciszewski JM, Colby SM, Franklin MJ, Stout RL, Vose-O'Neal A, Bock BC. Technology-Based Smoking Cessation for Youth Exiting Foster Care: A Pilot Randomized Trial. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC CHILD WELFARE 2022; 18:61-79. [PMID: 38144460 PMCID: PMC10746146 DOI: 10.1080/15548732.2022.2155754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite high rates of cigarette use, little attention has been paid to screening and cessation services for youth in foster care. Study aims were to test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a technology-based smoking cessation intervention. Study enrollment, satisfaction, and engagement were high in the intervention arm, where readiness to change also significantly increased over time. Intervention and control participants significantly reduced cigarette use at 6-month follow up, though groups did not differ. Technology-based interventions appear to be attractive and offer a potentially scalable link to health care that this vulnerable population may not otherwise seek.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert L Stout
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD
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Multivariate Analysis of the Predicted Probability of Smoking Behavior of Foster Care Minors: Results of a Study from Romania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031173. [PMID: 35162196 PMCID: PMC8834987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: There are a multitude of factors that influence smoking status, and minors from the social protection system are a vulnerable category in terms of smoking. Methods: The objective of this research was to assess the degree of smoking dependence and to identify potential predictors of smoking status in foster care teenagers. Smoker status was confirmed by dosing CO in the exhaled air, and the degree of dependence was assessed using the Fagerström score. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: From the 275 foster care minors, 22.5% were current smokers. Exhaled CO was not influenced by general demographic factors, was associated with the frequency of smoking, and was positively correlated with the estimated number of cigarettes consumed daily and with the Fagerström score. The calculated probability of being a smoker was less than 20.4% in 75% of nonsmokers, whereas 75% of actual smokers had a predicted probability higher than 30.3%. Conclusions: In addition to age, gender, social environment, previous exposure to secondhand smoking, and residential type of foster care system, the expressed opinions regarding the health effects of tobacco use were associated with smoking in foster care teenagers.
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Budin CE, Râjnoveanu RM, Bordea IR, Grigorescu BL, Todea DA. Smoking in Teenagers from the Social Protection System-What Do We Know about It? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57050484. [PMID: 34066069 PMCID: PMC8150939 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The impact of smoking on the young population is an extremely important issue for the public health system. As the prevalence of smoking is considerably increasing amongst the pubescent and adolescent population, the prevention of smoking at this age should be considered of high priority. The primary aim of this observational study was to assess tobacco use in teenagers included in the social protection system. Materials and Methods: 275 foster care teenagers (155 from the Professional Maternal Assistance System (AMP) and 120 from the residential system) from two different counties were enrolled. After a brief interactive session focused on the main consequences of smoking, a self-administered questionnaire was anonymously completed. Results: The mean age of the study group was 14 years, with a significant difference between the residential system and AMP (p = 0.001). Smoking status was significantly higher in participants from family-type houses (36.7%) than in those from the AMP (11.7%) (p < 0.001). The presence of smokers in the family (78.3%) and passive smoking (64.7%) were significantly higher in children from the residential system than in those from the AMP (32.9% and 31.8%, respectively) (p < 0.001). The number of cigarettes consumed daily was associated with the age of the participants (p = 0.01, rho 0.42). In total, 82.3% were cigarette users and 19.4% were e-cigarette users. Smokers bought the majority of their cigarettes from the store (63.2%) or asked a friend (19.3%) or an adult to buy them on their behalf (12.3%). Conclusions: The null hypothesis, according to which children who are abandoned but raised and cared for by professional nursing assistants are predisposed to earlier tobacco activity compared to children raised in a normal familiar environment, is supported. Future education and prevention campaigns conveying the benefits of a healthy long-term lifestyle to this population category are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Eugenia Budin
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (C.E.B.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Ruxandra-Mioara Râjnoveanu
- Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu” Cluj Napoca, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.R.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu” Cluj Napoca, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Bianca Liana Grigorescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (C.E.B.); (B.L.G.)
| | - Doina Adina Todea
- Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu” Cluj Napoca, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.R.); (D.A.T.)
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Francis JKR, Andresen JA, Guzman A, McLeigh JD, Kloster HM, Rosenthal SL. Research Participation of Minor Adolescents in Foster Care. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:190-195. [PMID: 33333259 PMCID: PMC8005475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE In this study we evaluated published studies about foster care to: (1) determine the types of data used; (2) describe the degree to which a sexual/reproductive health topic was addressed; and (3) describe the consent process. DESIGN Analysis of published literature. SETTING PubMed was searched using "foster care" for English articles published between January 1, 2017 and September 4, 2019. PARTICIPANTS None. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Articles were coded into 4 data source categories: primary, secondary, peripheral, or perspective data. Articles with a primary data source were coded for participant ages: only 9 years old and younger, 10- to 17-year-olds (minor adolescents), and only 18 years old and older. Articles using a secondary data source were coded for the source of the data registry. All articles were coded for presence of a sexual/reproductive health outcome. The primary data articles that included minor adolescents were coded for the study topic and consent process. RESULTS Of the 176 articles about foster care, 72/176 (41%) used primary data, 53/176 (30%) used secondary data, and 51/176 (29%) used peripheral/perspective data. Forty-eight of the primary data articles included minor adolescents. Secondary data sources included few national research surveys. Sexual/reproductive health outcomes were measured in 17 articles, 4 of which used primary data. The consent process for minor adolescents varied and had no consistent pattern across studies. CONCLUSION Research on best practices for consent processes and use of registries could be developed to increase research on sexual/reproductive health outcomes among adolescents in foster care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K R Francis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Children's Health, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Jane A Andresen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexis Guzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Heidi M Kloster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Susan L Rosenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Moon SH, Kim HR, Kim M. Predictors for Sexual Intercourse Experience among Runaway Female At-Risk Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113913. [PMID: 32492833 PMCID: PMC7311989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to provide basic data for creating a program to help promote safe sexual behavior among runaway female at-risk adolescents by identifying factors related to the sexual experiences. This study conducted a logistic regression analysis using data regarding 182 female at-risk adolescents, which were sourced from the 2016 survey of Korean adolescents’ contact with media usage and harmful environment. This study showed that adolescents’ age, smoking, and harmful environments are associated with the occurrence of sexual activity among at-risk female adolescents. One significant outcome of this study was the identification of harmful environmental factors and their impact on sexual behavior. Since smoking and sex-related problems among adolescents can act as risk factors for adult sexual health in the future, schools should institute direct and indirect channels for assessing sex-related problems among runaway female at-risk adolescents and establishing proactive and preventive measures for promoting their sexual health. In addition, a social cooperation system should be established in order to assess, and mediate within, the environments around schools in order to minimize adolescents’ exposure to harmful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyun Moon
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Ran Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju 61661, Korea;
| | - Miok Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-3888
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Natto ZS. Dental Students' Knowledge and Attitudes About Electronic Cigarettes: A Cross-Sectional Study at One Saudi University. J Dent Educ 2020; 84:27-33. [PMID: 31977086 DOI: 10.21815/jde.019.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is limited information about what dental students know about the risks and effects of e-cigarettes, and there is even less information regarding their attitudes about e-cigarettes. The aim of this study was to assess dental students' knowledge, education, and attitudes regarding e-cigarettes and their confidence in discussing e-cigarettes with patients. All fourth- to sixth-year students registered at the King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study conducted during a three-week period in December 2018. The focus was a comparison of never versus ever e-smokers ("ever" meaning current or former e-smokers). The response rate was 38.7% (193/498). Among the responding students, 43.2% (n=83) had ever used an e-cigarette, and 11 (5.7%) reported being current users. Almost 95% (n=183) of the total participants said they did not feel confident about their e-cigarette education in dental school. Students who had ever used an e-cigarette said they were more confident discussing e-cigarettes with patients than did students who had never used them and also demonstrated greater belief that e-cigarettes lower the risk of cancer for patients who use them as an alternative to smoking traditional cigarettes (p<0.001). This study provides evidence of a gap in dental students' attitudes and knowledge regarding e-cigarettes, making it necessary to integrate e-cigarette education into future curricula.
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Braciszewski JM, Vose-O’Neal A, Gamarel KE, Colby SM. Combustible Cigarette Smoking and Alternative Tobacco Use in a Sample of Youth Transitioning from Foster Care. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2019; 96:231-236. [PMID: 31571706 PMCID: PMC6768414 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the struggles faced by youth currently in or recently exiting foster care, tobacco use remains a low priority for practitioners and researchers, alike. Indeed, despite the dramatically altered landscape of tobacco products on the market, there have been no studies evaluating the use of alternative tobacco products among this vulnerable population. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of lifetime and current combustible and non-combustible tobacco use among youth exiting foster care, and report on the prevalence of nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and preferred methods of tobacco cessation. Youth aged 18-24 (M = 20.13, SD = 1.16) who were transitioning from foster care (N = 154) completed a survey of tobacco product use adapted from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Baseline Survey. Most participants (76%) reported lifetime use of combustible cigarettes, while almost half (42%) were current combustible cigarette smokers. Current use of electronic cigarettes was comparable to general population rates. Many participants (76%) reported interest in quitting and willingness to try through patches/gum (56%) and technology-based (61%) approaches. Youth exiting foster care are at high risk for smoking and other tobacco product use, as well as dependence, yet are rarely screened for use or advised to quit. As tobacco use remains among the most preventable causes of mortality and morbidity, future work should involve implementation of screening within child welfare and tailoring interventions to the unique needs of this population. The current results underscore a missed opportunity to promote public health in a vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. Braciszewski
- Henry Ford Health System, Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA 48202
| | - Adam Vose-O’Neal
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Decision Sciences Institute, 1005 Main St., Suite 8120, Pawtucket, RI, USA 02860
| | - Kristi E. Gamarel
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, 3826 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Suzanne M. Colby
- Brown University, Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Box G-121S-4, Providence, RI, USA 02912
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Alobaidan OS, Alkhalifah MK, AlSayegh AA, Alhumaid FA, Ashammery AS, Alghamdi K, Mousa A, Khandekar R, AlRashid W. Knowledge and practice regarding contact lens among Saudi urban contact lens users. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2017; 32:93-96. [PMID: 29942175 PMCID: PMC6010592 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the level and determinants of knowledge and practice regarding contact lens (CL) and its accessories among adult Saudi CL users. Methods This survey was conducted in 2015 for Saudi contact lens users visiting a Mall in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questions were related to knowledge about contact lenses, correct CL and accessories usage. We inquired indication, initial prescription, CL use, complications experienced and their management. The knowledge and practice responses were correlated to their determinants. Results In this survey, 510 contact lens users participated. The level of knowledge was of excellent grade among 279 [54.7% (95% Confidence Interval 50.4-59)] CL users. The practice was of excellent grade in 210 [41.4% (95% CI 37.1-45.7)] CL users. Variation in knowledge was not associated to gender (P = 0.1), education (P = 0.4), type of work (P = 0.3), funding for CL (P = 0.1). Occasional users and those not having prescribed CL had significantly poor knowledge (P < 0.001). The excellent level of practice was associated to younger CL users (P = 0.004). While it was not associated to gender (P = 0.8), type of CL (P = 0.9), funding for CL (P = 0.2), education (P = 0.7) and occupation (P = 0.1). Conclusions The knowledge and practice among CL users was less than desired. Those using contact lens for cosmetic purpose and procuring them without prescription need special focus for health promotion so that their CL related practice improve and eye complications are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Alobaidan
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K Alkhalifah
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A AlSayegh
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaid
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Ashammery
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alghamdi
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Ocular Epidemiology at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waleed AlRashid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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