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Blondé J, Falomir-Pichastor JM, Desrichard O. Unveiling the psychological mechanisms of mutual help groups for addiction recovery: The role of social identity factors. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38809032 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of mutual help groups (MHGs) in promoting addiction recovery has been widely acknowledged. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying the impact of MHGs remain somewhat uncertain. Drawing on a social identity perspective, this study investigated a sequential mediation model in which social support is posited as a driving factor that enhances abstinence maintenance through group identification, recovery identity, and self-efficacy. A sample of 820 smokers, participating in a 6-month collective smoking cessation programme which included access to an online help group, completed measures of social support, group identification, smoker/ex-smoker identity, and self-efficacy at the programme's outset. Smoking abstinence was assessed 6 and 9 months later. The findings supported the proposed model, indicating that social support was positively associated with MHG identification, which, in turn, was related to a stronger recovery identity. Subsequently, recovery identity was associated with increased self-efficacy, and indirectly, with smoking abstinence at both measurement times. Additional analyses testing alternative mediation models further supported the validity of the proposed model. These findings suggest that social identity factors play significant roles in accounting for the effectiveness of MHGs for addiction recovery.
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Kim SY, Kim H, Chee W, Im EO. Relationships Between Socio-behavioral Factors and the Symptoms Among Asian American Breast Cancer Survivors: A Structural Equation Modeling. Cancer Nurs 2024:00002820-990000000-00248. [PMID: 38656247 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increased research on breast cancer survivors, little is known about how socio-behavioral factors influence the symptoms among racial/ethnic minority breast cancer survivors, particularly Asian American breast cancer survivors (AABCS). OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between multiple socio-behavioral factors in AABCS, including attitudes, perceived barriers, and social influences, and their symptom experiences, with an emphasis on the mediating effect of self-efficacy. METHODS This secondary analysis used data collected from 195 AABCS women recruited through online and offline communities from January 2017 to June 2020. Study variables were measured using validated instruments such as the Questions on Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, Perceived Barriers, and Social Influences; the Cancer Behavior Inventory; and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form. For structural equation modeling based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory, mediation analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 and AMOS 28. RESULTS The overall fitness of the hypothetical model to the data is acceptable (χ2 = 51.36, P < .001; goodness-of-fit index = 0.95, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.89, comparative fit index = 0.96, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.94, normed fit index = 0.94, and root-mean-square error of approximation index = 0.08). Both attitudes and social influences indirectly influenced symptom distress through self-efficacy (β = -0.054, P = .019, and β = -0.053, P = .017, respectively). Perceived barriers had indirect effects through self-efficacy (β = 0.121, P = .024) and significant direct effects (β = 0.605, P = .003) on symptom distress. CONCLUSIONS Our findings supported that the self-efficacy for coping mediated their symptom experience among AABCS. In addition, there were significant relationships among attitudes, perceived barriers, social influences, and symptom experience. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Future theory-driven interventions need to consider self-efficacy and socio-behavioral factors in symptom management among AABCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yun Kim
- Author Affiliations: Department of Nursing, Gangneung-Wonju National University (Dr S.Y. Kim), Gangwon-do; Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University (Dr H. Kim), Seoul, South Korea; and School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin (Drs Chee and Im)
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Clifford PR, Davis CM, Maisto SA, Stout RL. FRAMES Elements Associated With Alcohol Treatment Research Assessments and Related Behavior Change. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024; 85:218-226. [PMID: 37917020 PMCID: PMC10941817 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.22-00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment reactivity research has contributed substantially to our understanding of alcohol treatment research protocols influencing clinical outcomes. The state of the science is such that relatively little is known about how alcohol treatment research participation influences behavior. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine the distribution of FRAMES elements (i.e., Feedback, personal Responsibility, Advice, a Menu of options, Empathic style of interaction, and support for Self-efficacy) contained in alcohol treatment research assessment interviews; and (b) to examine their association with subsequent alcohol use among a sample of clients presenting for alcohol use disorder treatment. METHOD Audiotaped recordings of participant (n = 189) research assessment interviews were converted to digital recordings and reviewed for FRAMES elements using the FRAMES Checklist Instrument. RESULTS Feedback, personal responsibility, empathic style of interaction, and support for self-efficacy were the more frequently occurring elements across follow-up periods. Alternatively, menu of options and advice occurred infrequently. Feedback and support for self-efficacy predicted subsequent alcohol use, although the association between feedback and alcohol use was unexpectedly positive. CONCLUSIONS As part of the assessment interview process, alcohol treatment research participants receive multiple instances of feedback and support for self-efficacy specific to their alcohol use that are predictive of changes in alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Clifford
- School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Christine M. Davis
- School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | - Robert L. Stout
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Quantitative Capabilities Collaboration, Beltsville, Maryland
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Muench F, Madden SP, Oommen S, Forthal S, Srinagesh A, Stadler G, Kuerbis A, Leeman RF, Suffoletto B, Baumel A, Haslip C, Vadhan NP, Morgenstern J. Automated, tailored adaptive mobile messaging to reduce alcohol consumption in help-seeking adults: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2024; 119:530-543. [PMID: 38009576 PMCID: PMC10872985 DOI: 10.1111/add.16391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test differential outcomes between three 6-month text-messaging interventions to reduce at-risk drinking in help-seeking adults. DESIGN A three-arm single-blind randomized controlled trial with 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups. SETTING United States. A fully remote trial without human contact, with participants recruited primarily via social media outlets. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred and twenty-three adults (mean = 39.9 years, standard deviation = 10.0; 62.5% female) seeking to reduce their drinking were allocated to 6 months of baseline 'tailored statically' messaging (TS; n = 240), 'tailored adaptive' messaging (TA; n = 239) or 'drink tracking' messaging (DT; n = 244). INTERVENTIONS TS consisted of daily text messages to reduce harmful drinking that were tailored to demographics and alcohol use. TA consisted of daily, tailored text messages that were also adapted based on goal achievement and proactive prompts. DT consisted of a weekly assessment for self-reported drinking over the past 7 days. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measure was weekly sum of standard drinks (SSD) at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures included drinks per drinking day (DDD), number of drinking days (NDD) per week and heavy drinking days (HDD) at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups. FINDINGS At 6 months, compared with DT, TA resulted in significant SSD reductions of 16.2 (from 28.7 to 12.5) drinks [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.71, 0.91] using intent-to-treat analysis. TA also resulted in significant improvements in DDD (aRR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.77-0.92) and drinking days per week (b = -0.39; 95% CI = -0.67, -0.10), but not HDD compared with DT at 6 months. TA was not significantly different from TS at any time-point, except DDD at 6 months. All groups made improvements in SSD at 12-month follow-up compared with baseline with an average reduction of 12.9 drinks per week across groups. CONCLUSIONS Automated tailored mobile messaging interventions are scalable solutions that can reduce weekly alcohol consumption in remote help-seeking drinkers over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean P Madden
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexis Kuerbis
- Silberman School of Social Work, Hunter College at CUNY, The Graduate Center at CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Leeman
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Amit Baumel
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Cameron Haslip
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Nehal P Vadhan
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jon Morgenstern
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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St Quinton T, Morris B, Lithopoulos A, Norman P, Conner M, Rhodes RE. Self-efficacy and alcohol consumption: Are efficacy measures confounded with motivation? COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2180872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom St Quinton
- School of Psychology & Therapeutic Studies, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Morris
- School of Psychology & Therapeutic Studies, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander Lithopoulos
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
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Mallett KA, Turrisi R, Reavy R, Sell N, Waldron KA, Scaglione N, Ackerman SD. What Predicts Willingness to Experience Negative Consequences in College Student Drinkers? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:704-711. [PMID: 36136441 PMCID: PMC9523755 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.20-00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has shown that students who were more willing to experience consequences reported higher rates of alcohol consumption and negative consequences. The present study used a longitudinal design to examine intra- and interpersonal consequence-specific predictors of willingness to experience negative consequences. METHOD Students (N = 2,024) were assessed in the fall (Time [T] 1) and spring (T2) semesters of their first year in college. Intrapersonal constructs (i.e., expectancies, subjective evaluations, self-efficacy), interpersonal constructs (i.e., peer descriptive, injunctive norms), and personality constructs (i.e., self-regulation, impulsivity, sensation seeking) were assessed at T1 and willingness to experience negative alcohol-related consequences was assessed 6 months later. A structural path model examined the relationship between T1 predictors and T2 willingness. T1 drinking and sex were included as covariates. RESULTS These results demonstrated significant positive relationships between T1 participants' subjective evaluations of consequences, expectancies of experiencing consequences, and T2 willingness to experience negative consequences. Further, impulsivity, sensation seeking, and T1 drinking showed significant, positive associations with willingness, whereas higher self-regulation was significantly associated with lower willingness. Men were significantly more willing to experience negative consequences than women. No significant associations were observed between normative perceptions and willingness. CONCLUSIONS Intrapersonal and personality constructs, as well as previous drinking, were significantly associated with willingness to experience consequences whereas interpersonal constructs were not. Men were significantly more willing to experience negative consequences. College student interventions may benefit from focusing on significant constructs identified in the current study (e.g., enhancing self-regulation) and focusing on students with higher willingness to experience negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Racheal Reavy
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Nichole Sell
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Katja A. Waldron
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Nichole Scaglione
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sarah D. Ackerman
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Patrick ME, Terry-McElrath YM, Bonar EE. Patterns and predictors of high-intensity drinking and implications for intervention. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2022; 36:581-594. [PMID: 36066869 PMCID: PMC9449141 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to intervene with subgroups at particularly high risk for alcohol use require information on factors that differentiate drinking intensity levels. This article summarizes existing research and provides new findings on sociodemographics and risk factors that differentiate high-intensity drinking (HID) to provide context for developing and delivering interventions for the highest-risk drinkers. Cross-sectional data were obtained in 2019 from participants who reported past 30-day alcohol use in 2018 as part of the nationally representative 12th grade Monitoring the Future study. Among past 2-week drinkers in 2019 (N = 601; modal age 19; 57.0% male; 67.4% non-Hispanic White), bivariate associations between drinking intensity (moderate drinking [1-4 drinks for women/1-5 drinks for men], binge-only drinking [4-7/5-9 drinks], and HID [8+/10+ drinks]) and a range of sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and alcohol-related consequences were examined. Results showed binge-drinking norms, social and enhancement drinking motives, nicotine vaping, and use of limiting/stopping drinking and manner of drinking protective behavioral strategies differentiated all drinking intensity levels, lending support to HID and binge-only drinking having an overlapping risk profile. However, there were also risk factors uniquely associated with HID, including sex, college attendance, employment, HID norms, use of serious harm reduction protective behavioral strategies, family history of drinking problems, any cigarette or drug use other than marijuana, and depression symptoms. Therefore, risk factors differentiate young adult drinking intensity. These results can inform efforts to adapt interventions for young adults who report HID. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Erin E. Bonar
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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DiBello AM, Hatch MR, Miller MB, Mastroleo NR, Carey KB. Attitude toward heavy drinking as a key longitudinal predictor of alcohol consumption and problems. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:682-694. [PMID: 35253246 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has considered the importance of a person's attitude toward heavy drinking when evaluated against other well-known predictors of alcohol use and related harm including drinking motives and drinker identity. The current study aimed to evaluate whether one's favorable attitude toward heavy drinking is a unique predictor of prospectively assessed drinking-related outcomes when considered against descriptive and injunctive norms, drinking intentions, drinking motives, and drinker identity. METHODS Participants in the current study comprised mandated students (n = 374; 54% male) who violated a campus alcohol policy and received a brief intervention (eCHECKUP TO GO). Analyses included the use of negative binomial regression to examine baseline predictors- attitude toward heavy drinking, perceived descriptive and injunctive norms, drinking intentions, drinking motives, and drinker identity-of prospective alcohol use outcomes and alcohol-related problems 1 month later. RESULTS We found that one's attitude toward heavy drinking remains a significant predictor of binge frequency, peak drinking, and alcohol-related problems when accounting for norms, intentions, motives, and identity. CONCLUSIONS This study has important theoretical and intervention implications. Indeed, the finding that one's attitude toward heavy drinking remains a significant predictor of alcohol-related outcomes when intentions are included in the model has implications within the theory of planned behavior. Furthermore, attitude toward heavy drinking has predictive utility when considered against descriptive and injunctive norms, drinking motives, and drinker identity. These findings contribute to a growing literature suggesting that attitudes could be an important intervention target when the goal is to change drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M DiBello
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melissa R Hatch
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nadine R Mastroleo
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Symvoulakis EK, Volkos P, Markaki A, Linardakis M. Emotional Discomfort Scale: Instrument Development and Association With General Self-Efficacy and Data From an Urban Primary Care Setting. Cureus 2022; 14:e21495. [PMID: 35223272 PMCID: PMC8860711 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sense of discomfort, which is experienced in daily encounters, can develop into stress, coexist with stress, or interplay with self-efficacy. This study presents two objectives, namely, to develop and test a new instrument called the Emotional Discomfort (EmoD) Scale and to compare the EmoD with the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale. Methods: The study was conducted in an urban primary healthcare center in Greece over a three-week period in 2020. Out of 314 individuals invited to participate, 263 accepted and completed the questionnaire. The EmoD is a five-point Likert-type eight-item scale for assessing individual reaction and sense of discomfort in daily life situations. Results: Cronbach’s α for the new scale reached 0.730 (acceptable reliability). Participants who used psychotropic drugs scored higher in the EmoD scale compared with nonusers. GSE scores showed reverse associations with EmoD scores. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that an increase in self-efficacy, as measured using the GSE scale, was associated with a reduction in sense of discomfort, as measured by the EmoD scale. Conclusions: The use of the EmoD scale can aid health or social care providers in detecting levels of emotional discomfort, a finding that is demonstrated to interplay with self-efficacy. Future studies employing the use of this new instrument could examine emotional discomfort in relation to stress coping and social isolation.
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Brannon GE. Family Communicative Environment's Effects on Young Adults' Social Norms about Limiting Alcohol: Examining the Mediating Effects of Implicit Privacy Rules. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:1137-1147. [PMID: 32268805 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1748819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol usage among young adults remains a prominent public health concern. Communicating with family members about alcohol can positively influence young adults' perceptions of social norms, yet the stigmatized nature of alcohol-related conversations in the family create a barrier to occurrence of these conversations. This study examines how young adults' familial communication patterns relate to their descriptive and injunctive social norms about limiting alcohol, using Communication Privacy Management Theory as the theoretical framework. Specifically, this study seeks to understand how conversation orientation, conformity orientation, warm conformity orientation, and cold conformity orientation associates with two sets of social norms (descriptive and injunctive), and to investigate how implicit privacy rules mediates each of these relationships. The current study examines 444 college students' responses to several quantitative measures. Implicit privacy rules did fully mediate the relationships between conversation orientation and injunctive social norms about limiting alcohol as well as warm conformity orientation and injunctive social norms about limiting alcohol.
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DiBello AM, Hatch MR, Miller MB, Neighbors C, Carey KB. Opportunities for reducing college drinking: The roles of drinking attitudes and blackout experience. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1494-1503. [PMID: 34086367 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As many as 35% of college students report having been drunk in the past month, and greater alcohol use and alcohol-related problems are associated with a positive attitude toward heavy drinking. One serious consequence of heavy drinking is alcohol-induced blackout. When they occur, alcohol-induced blackouts present a unique opportunity to increase motivation to change drinking. However, it is unclear under what conditions an alcohol-related heavy drinking attitude and experiencing a blackout represent an opportunity to change and how experiencing a blackout(s) influences an individual's motivation to reduce drinking and actual behavior. METHODS This study tested the interplay between one's positive attitude toward heavy drinking and experiencing a blackout in the past year in predicting motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and its impact on drinking over time (Study 2). Data were derived from complementary datasets collected at two universities (Study 1 n = 703, mean age = 20.63 years, 44% male, 52% White; Study 2 n = 568, mean age = 19.18 years, 72% male, 84% White). Drinking behavior was measured using a modified Daily Drinking Questionnaire, the Drinking Norms Rating Form, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Regression analyses were conducted to determine whether a blackout would moderate the association between attitude and motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and drinking over time (Study 2). RESULTS Results revealed a significant interaction between attitude and blackout, such that individuals who experience a blackout (vs. those who do not) and positively evaluate heavy drinking evidenced lower motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and higher levels of estimated peak BAC (Study 2). CONCLUSIONS Drinkers with a negative attitude toward heavy drinking who have experienced a blackout have the strongest motivation to reduce drinking and the greatest reductions in peak drinking behavior over time. These effects are over and above that related to the level of alcohol consumed. For young adults who do not positively endorse heavy drinking, blackouts may present a "moment of opportunity" for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M DiBello
- Center for Alcohol and Substance Use Studies & Department of Graduate and Applied Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa R Hatch
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Kate B Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Zhang Q, Zhang K, Wang Y, Jia Y, Gu J, Li X, Li M. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the attitude towards the prevention of incontinence-associated dermatitis (C-APrIAD) among Chinese nurses. J Tissue Viability 2021; 30:421-426. [PMID: 33820693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nurses' attitude is a significant determinant of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) prevention, and a positive attitude may benefit quality improvement projects. This research aimed to translate the attitude towards the prevention of incontinence-associated dermatitis instrument (C-APrIAD) into Chinese and test the reliability and validity among Chinese nurses. METHODS The C-APrIAD was translated into Chinese using a standard procedure of backward-forward translation and cross-cultural adaption. Totally 170 nurses were recruited through the convenience sampling method from three tertiary hospitals in Tianjin, Shandong, and Heilongjiang province of China. Reliability (internal consistency, stability) and validity (content validity, structure validity, and convergent validity), were assessed. Convergent Validity was evaluated by correlation with the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). RESULTS Of the 170 completed questionnaires, 158 (93%) were suitable for analysis. The item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.39 to 0.80. The content validity of C-APrIAD was 0.96. A factor analysis indicated the construct of a 14-item instrument in a four factors solution: (1) beliefs about the impact of IAD on patients, (2) beliefs about team responsibility to prevent IAD, (3) beliefs about personal responsibility to prevent IAD, and (4) beliefs about the effectiveness of IAD prevention products and procedures. The correlation coefficient between the GSES and C-APrIAD was 0.49 (P < 0.01). For the total instrument, the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.87 and the test-retest reliability was 0.99. CONCLUSION The C-APrIAD is reliable and valid. The C-APrIAD may benefit nursing research as well as clinical practice to optimize interventions to improve IAD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Faculty of Education Science and Technology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibo Jia
- Department of Nursing, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxin Gu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Li
- School of Nursing, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Lvliang, China
| | - Mingzi Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Carey KB, DiBello AM, Orazio EE, Hatch MR, Mastroleo NR. Predictors of receptivity to an alcohol intervention among mandated students. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106605. [PMID: 32795738 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Students in violation of campus alcohol policy often must participate in an alcohol risk reduction intervention, and some mandated students express overt resistance to change. This study tested a priori hypotheses about psychological variables that might predict receptivity to an online brief alcohol intervention. METHOD Participants were 193 students (56% male, 88% underclassmen, 70% white) who were referred to the campus Office of Alcohol and Other Drugs after being cited for alcohol policy violations. Before their mandated online alcohol intervention, they completed a baseline assessment consisting of demographics and questionnaires about their alcohol use, attitudes toward moderate and heavy drinking, beliefs about the centrality of alcohol in college life, perceived descriptive and injunctive drinking norms, trait defensiveness, social desirability and response to the event leading to their sanction. They also responded to a set of questions about how interested in, open-minded, and likely to benefit they were from the computer-delivered alcohol intervention they were about to take. RESULTS Controlling for covariates and all other predictors, greater receptivity to intervention was predicted by heavier alcohol consumption, positive attitude towards moderate drinking, perceptions that peers were less approving of heavy drinking, and taking personal responsibility for the incident. CONCLUSIONS Among students mandated to participate in an alcohol intervention, openness to benefitting from the intervention varies in predictable ways. Because intervention receptiveness is associated with post-intervention change, we offer suggestions to tailor mandated interventions in ways that might improve outcomes.
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