1
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Řezanka T, Kyselová L, Murphy DJ. Archaeal lipids. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101237. [PMID: 37236370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The major archaeal membrane glycerolipids are distinguished from those of bacteria and eukaryotes by the contrasting stereochemistry of their glycerol backbones, and by the use of ether-linked isoprenoid-based alkyl chains rather than ester-linked fatty acyl chains for their hydrophobic moieties. These fascinating compounds play important roles in the extremophile lifestyles of many species, but are also present in the growing numbers of recently discovered mesophilic archaea. The past decade has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of archaea in general and their lipids in particular. Much of the new information has come from the ability to screen large microbial populations via environmental metagenomics, which has revolutionised our understanding of the extent of archaeal biodiversity that is coupled with a strict conservation of their membrane lipid compositions. Significant additional progress has come from new culturing and analytical techniques that are gradually enabling archaeal physiology and biochemistry to be studied in real time. These studies are beginning to shed light on the much-discussed and still-controversial process of eukaryogenesis, which probably involved both bacterial and archaeal progenitors. Puzzlingly, although eukaryotes retain many attributes of their putative archaeal ancestors, their lipid compositions only reflect their bacterial progenitors. Finally, elucidation of archaeal lipids and their metabolic pathways have revealed potentially interesting applications that have opened up new frontiers for biotechnological exploitation of these organisms. This review is concerned with the analysis, structure, function, evolution and biotechnology of archaeal lipids and their associated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, United Kingdom.
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2
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Characterization of Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Responses to an Adjuvanted Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Vaccine Candidate in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010030. [PMID: 36679875 PMCID: PMC9865305 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous viral evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in variants capable of immune evasion, vaccine breakthrough infections and increased transmissibility. New vaccines that invoke mucosal immunity may provide a solution to reducing virus transmission. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of intranasally administered subunit protein vaccines composed of a stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer or the receptor binding domain (RBD) adjuvanted with either cholera toxin (CT) or an archaeal lipid mucosal adjuvant (AMVAD). We show robust induction of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA responses in plasma, nasal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage in mice only when adjuvant is used in the vaccine formulation. While the AMVAD adjuvant was more effective at inducing systemic antibodies against the RBD antigen than CT, CT was generally more effective at inducing overall higher IgA and IgG titers against the spike antigen in both systemic and mucosal compartments. Furthermore, vaccination with adjuvanted spike led to superior mucosal IgA responses than with the RBD antigen and produced broadly targeting neutralizing plasma antibodies against ancestral, Delta and Omicron variants in vitro; whereas adjuvanted RBD elicited a narrower antibody response with neutralizing activity only against ancestral and Delta variants. Our study demonstrates that intranasal administration of an adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine in immunologically naïve mice induced both systemic and mucosal neutralizing antibody responses that were most effective at neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 variants when the trimeric spike was used as an antigen compared to RBD.
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3
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Vesicular and Planar Membranes of Archaea Lipids: Unusual Physical Properties and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147616. [PMID: 35886964 PMCID: PMC9319432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes and planar membranes made of archaea or archaea-like lipids exhibit many unusual physical properties compared to model membranes composed of conventional diester lipids. Here, we review several recent findings in this research area, which include (1) thermosensitive archaeosomes with the capability to drastically change the membrane surface charge, (2) MthK channel's capability to insert into tightly packed tetraether black lipid membranes and exhibit channel activity with surprisingly high calcium sensitivity, and (3) the intercalation of apolar squalane into the midplane space of diether bilayers to impede proton permeation. We also review the usage of tetraether archaeosomes as nanocarriers of therapeutics and vaccine adjuvants, as well as the biomedical applications of planar archaea lipid membranes. The discussion on archaeosomal therapeutics is focused on partially purified tetraether lipid fractions such as the polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) and glyceryl caldityl tetraether (GCTE), which are the main components of PLFE with the sugar and phosphate removed.
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4
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Su F, Xu L, Xue Y, Li J, Fu Y, Yu B, Wang S, Yuan X. Th1-biased immunoadjuvant effect of the recombinant B subunit of an Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin on an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antigen via intranasal immunization in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1475-1484. [PMID: 31527353 PMCID: PMC6863725 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the major swine diseases
responsible for a significant challenge in the global swine industry. The current PRRS
inactivated vaccine only confers limited protection against PRRSV. Thus, using an
appropriate adjuvant via a suitable administration route may help improve vaccine
efficacy. In this study, the recombinant B subunit of the Escherichia
coli heat-labile enterotoxin rLTB, was highly expressed in Pichia
pastoris, through high-density fermentation. rLTB intranasal adjuvant
properties were evaluated on an inactivated PRRS antigen in mice. Compared to the group
immunized with solely PRRS antigen, a dose of 50 µg rLTB remarkably
raised antigen-specific IgA antibodies at mucosal sites, and increased serum IgG
antibodies, preferentially the IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses. Further, rLTB induced increases
in Th1- (IFN-γ and IL-12) and Th17 (IL-6) cytokine profiles, but had little effect on Th2
cytokine profiles (IL-4 and IL-10). Moreover, there were no overt toxicities associated
with intranasal rLTB administration. Our data provide evidence that the rLTB produced by
P. pastoris fermentation portrays low toxicity, and its intranasal
adjuvant effect involves immune system modulation to a Th1 profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Su
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Yin Xue
- Zhejiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Junxing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Xiufang Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
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5
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Drescher S, Otto C, Müller S, Garamus VM, Garvey CJ, Grünert S, Lischka A, Meister A, Blume A, Dobner B. Impact of Headgroup Asymmetry and Protonation State on the Aggregation Behavior of a New Type of Glycerol Diether Bolalipid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4360-4373. [PMID: 29557659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we describe the synthesis and the temperature-dependent aggregation behavior of a new class of asymmetrical glycerol diether bolalipids. These bolalipids are composed of a membrane-spanning alkyl chain with 32 carbon atoms (C32) in the sn-3 position, a methyl-branched C16 alkyl chain in the sn-2 position, and a zwitterionic phosphocholine headgroup in the sn-1 position of a glycerol moiety. The long C32 alkyl chain is terminated either by a second phosphocholine (PC-Gly(2C16Me)C32-PC) or by a phosphodimethylethanolamine headgroup (PC-Gly(2C16Me)C32-Me2PE). The temperature- and pH-dependent aggregation behavior of both lipids was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. The morphology of the formed aggregates in an aqueous suspension was visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We show that PC-Gly(2C16Me)C32-PC and PC-Gly(2C16Me)C32-Me2PE at pH 5 self-assemble into large lamellar aggregates and large lipid vesicles. Within these structures, the bolalipid molecules are probably assembled in a monolayer with fully interdigitated chains. The lipid molecules seem to be tilted with respect to the layer normal to ensure a dense packing of the alkyl chains. A temperature increase leads to a transition from a lamellar gel phase to the liquid-crystalline phase at about 28-30 °C for both bolalipids. The lamellar aggregates of PC-Gly(2C16Me)C32-Me2PE started to transform into nanofibers when the pH value of the suspension was increased to above 11. At pH 12, these nanofibers were the dominant aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vasil M Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht: Centre for Materials and Coastal Research (HZG) , Max-Planck-Strasse 1 , 21502 Geesthacht , Germany
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) , Kirrawee DC , NSW Australia
| | | | | | - Annette Meister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , MLU Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Alfred Blume
- Institute of Chemistry , MLU Halle-Wittenberg , von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
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Akache B, Stark FC, Iqbal U, Chen W, Jia Y, Krishnan L, McCluskie MJ. Safety and biodistribution of sulfated archaeal glycolipid archaeosomes as vaccine adjuvants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1746-1759. [PMID: 29336668 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1423154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Archaeosomes are liposomes comprised of ether lipids derived from various archaea. Unlike conventional ester-linked liposomes, archaeosomes exhibit high pH and thermal stability. As adjuvants, archaeosomes can induce robust, long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and enhance protection in murine models of infectious disease and cancer. Archaeosomes constituted with total polar lipids (TPL) of various archaea are relatively complex, comprising >10 different lipid compounds. Archaeosomes can be constituted with semi-synthetic glycerolipids built on ether-linked isoprenoid phytanyl cores with varied synthetic glycol- and amino-head groups. However, such semi-synthetic archaeosomes involve many synthetic steps to arrive at the final desired glycolipid composition. We have developed a novel archaeosome formulation comprising a sulfated saccharide group covalently linked to the free sn-1 hydroxyl backbone of an archaeal core lipid (sulfated S-lactosylarchaeol, SLA) mixed with uncharged glycolipid (lactosylarchaeol, LA). This new class of adjuvants can be easily synthesized and retains strong immunostimulatory activity for induction of cell-mediated immunity following systemic immunization. Herein, we demonstrate the safety of SLA/LA archaeosomes following intramuscular injection to mice and evaluate the immunogenicity, in vivo distribution and cellular uptake of antigen (ovalbumin) encapsulated into SLA/LA archaeosomes. Overall, we have found that semi-synthetic sulfated glycolipid archaeosomes are a safe and effective novel class of adjuvants capable of inducing strong antigen-specific immune responses in mice and protection against subsequent B16 melanoma tumor challenge. A key step in their mechanism of action appears to be the recruitment of immune cells to the injection site and the subsequent trafficking of antigen to local draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Akache
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Felicity C Stark
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Umar Iqbal
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Yimei Jia
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Michael J McCluskie
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
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7
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Markowski T, Drescher S, Förster G, Lechner BD, Meister A, Blume A, Dobner B. Highly asymmetrical glycerol diether bolalipids: synthesis and temperature-dependent aggregation behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10683-10692. [PMID: 26366715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we describe the synthesis and temperature-dependent aggregation behavior of two examples of a new class of highly asymmetrical glycerol diether bolaphospholipids. The bolalipids contain a long alkyl chain (C32) bound to glycerol in the sn-3 position, carrying a hydroxyl group at the ω position. The C16 alkyl chain in the sn-2 position either possesses a racemic methyl branch at the 10 position of the short alkyl chain (lipid II) or does not (lipid I). The sn-1 position of the glycerol is linked to a zwitterionic phosphocholine moiety. The temperature-dependent aggregation behavior of both bolalipids was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray scattering. Aggregate structures were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We show that both bolalipids self-assemble into large lamellar sheetlike aggregates. Closed lipid vesicles or other aggregate structures such as tubes or nanofibers, as usually found for diglycerol tetraether lipids, were not observed. Within the lamellae the bolalipid molecules are arranged in an antiparallel (interdigitated) orientation. Lipid I, without an additional methyl moiety in the short alkyl chain, shows a lamellar phase with high crystallinity up to a temperature of 34 °C, which was not observed before for other phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Markowski
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Drescher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Günter Förster
- Institute of Chemistry, MLU Halle-Wittenberg , von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bob-Dan Lechner
- Institute of Chemistry, MLU Halle-Wittenberg , von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annette Meister
- Center for Structure and Dynamics of Proteins (MZP), MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Biocenter , Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alfred Blume
- Institute of Chemistry, MLU Halle-Wittenberg , von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bodo Dobner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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8
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Daswani VP, Ayesa U, Venegas B, Chong PLG. Concentration-Induced J-Aggregate Formation Causes a Biphasic Change in the Release of trans-Combretastatin A4 Disodium Phosphate from Archaeosomes and the Subsequent Cytotoxicity on Mammary Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3724-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha P. Daswani
- Department of Medical Genetics
and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Umme Ayesa
- Department of Medical Genetics
and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Berenice Venegas
- Department of Medical Genetics
and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Parkson Lee-Gau Chong
- Department of Medical Genetics
and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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9
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García-González V, Delgado-Coello B, Pérez-Torres A, Mas-Oliva J. Reality of a Vaccine in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:427-37. [PMID: 26100340 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis together with multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis can be used as examples of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with multifactorial components that evolve over the years. Nevertheless, an important difference between these diseases relies on the fact that atherosclerosis develops from early ages where inflammation dominates the very beginning of the disease. This review highlights the inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis and the role the immune system plays in the process of atherogenesis. Although treatment of atherosclerosis has been for years based on lipid-lowering therapies reducing a series of risk factors, the degree of success has been only limited because cardiovascular complications related to the evolution of atherosclerotic lesions continue to appear in the population worldwide. In this sense, alternative treatments for atherosclerosis have come into play where both innate and adaptive immunity have been proposed to modulate atherosclerosis-associated inflammatory phenomena. When tested for their atheroprotective properties, several immunogens have been studied through passive and active immunization with good results and, therefore, the strategy through vaccination to control the disease has been made possible. Many experimental pre-clinical studies demonstrating proof of concept that vaccination using DNA and protein with an effective use of adjuvants and the optimal route of administration now provide a tangible new therapeutic approach that sets the stage for several of these vaccines to be tested in large, randomized, long-term clinical studies. A vaccine ready for human use will only be accomplished through the close association between academia, regulatory government organizations and private industry, allowing the reality of a simple and successful therapy to reduce atherosclerosis and its severe clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Blanca Delgado-Coello
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.
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10
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Wang S, Liu H, Zhang X, Qian F. Intranasal and oral vaccination with protein-based antigens: advantages, challenges and formulation strategies. Protein Cell 2015; 6:480-503. [PMID: 25944045 PMCID: PMC4491048 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most pathogens initiate their infections at the human mucosal surface. Therefore, mucosal vaccination, especially through oral or intranasal administration routes, is highly desired for infectious diseases. Meanwhile, protein-based antigens provide a safer alternative to the whole pathogen or DNA based ones in vaccine development. However, the unique biopharmaceutical hurdles that intranasally or orally delivered protein vaccines need to overcome before they reach the sites of targeting, the relatively low immunogenicity, as well as the low stability of the protein antigens, require thoughtful and fine-tuned mucosal vaccine formulations, including the selection of immunostimulants, the identification of the suitable vaccine delivery system, and the determination of the exact composition and manufacturing conditions. This review aims to provide an up-to-date survey of the protein antigen-based vaccine formulation development, including the usage of immunostimulants and the optimization of vaccine delivery systems for intranasal and oral administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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Ren X, Liu K, Zhang Q, Noh HM, Kumbur EC, Yuan WW, Zhou JG, Chong PLG. Design, fabrication, and characterization of archaeal tetraether free-standing planar membranes in a PDMS- and PCB-based fluidic platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:12618-12628. [PMID: 24937508 DOI: 10.1021/am502613x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) isolated from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius contains exclusively bipolar tetraether lipids, which are able to form extraordinarily stable vesicular membranes against a number of chemical, physical, and mechanical stressors. PLFE liposomes have thus been considered appealing biomaterials holding great promise for biotechnology applications such as drug delivery and biosensing. Here we demonstrated that PLFE can also form free-standing "planar" membranes on micropores (∼100 μm) of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin films embedded in printed circuit board (PCB)-based fluidics. To build this device, two novel approaches were employed: (i) an S1813 sacrificial layer was used to facilitate the fabrication of the PDMS thin film, and (ii) oxygen plasma treatment was utilized to conveniently bond the PDMS thin film to the PCB board and the PDMS fluidic chamber. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we found that the dielectric properties of PLFE planar membranes suspended on the PDMS films are distinctly different from those obtained from diester lipid and triblock copolymer membranes. In addition to resistance (R) and capacitance (C) that were commonly seen in all the membranes examined, PLFE planar membranes showed an inductance (L) component. Furthermore, PLFE planar membranes displayed a relatively large membrane resistance, suggesting that, among the membranes examined, PLFE planar membrane would be a better matrix for studying channel proteins and transmembrane events. PLFE planar membranes also exhibited a sharp decrease in phase angle with the frequency of the input AC signal at ∼1 MHz, which could be utilized to develop sensors for monitoring PLFE membrane integrity in fluidics. Since the stability of free-standing planar lipid membranes increases with increasing membrane packing tightness and PLFE lipid membranes are more tightly packed than those made of diester lipids, PLFE free-standing planar membranes are expected to be considerably stable. All these salient features make PLFE planar membranes particularly attractive for model studies of channel proteins and transmembrane events and for high-throughput drug screening and artificial photosynthesis. This work can be extended to nanopores of PDMS thin films in microfluidics and eventually aid in membrane-based new lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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12
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Patel GB, Chen W. Archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery system. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:431-40. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Markowski T, Drescher S, Meister A, Blume A, Dobner B. Structure–property relationships in a series of diglycerol tetraether model lipids and their lyotropic assemblies: the effect of branching topology and chirality. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3649-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Drescher S, Dobner B. Synthesis of Novel Asymmetrical Single-Chain Phosphoglycol-Based Bolaamphiphiles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.825806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Synthesis of symmetrical, single-chain, phenylene/biphenylene-modified bolaamphiphiles. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Drescher S, Becker S, Dobner B, Blume A. Bis-Sonogashira cross-coupling: an expeditious approach towards long-chain, phenylene-modified 1,ω-diols. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Markowski T, Drescher S, Meister A, Hause G, Blume A, Dobner B. Synthesis of Optically Pure Diglycerol Tetraether Model Lipids with Non-Natural Branching Pattern. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Patel GB, Zhou H, Ponce A, Harris G, Chen W. Intranasal immunization with an archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery formulation protects against a respiratory pathogen challenge. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15574. [PMID: 21206916 PMCID: PMC3012068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery (AMVAD) is a safe mucosal adjuvant that elicits long lasting and memory boostable mucosal and systemic immune responses to model antigens such as ovalbumin. In this study, we evaluated the potential of the AMVAD system for eliciting protective immunity against mucosal bacterial infections, using a mouse model of intranasal Francisella tularensis LVS (LVS) challenge. Intranasal immunization of mice with cell free extract of LVS (LVSCE) adjuvanted with the AMVAD system (LVSCE/AMVAD) induced F. tularensis-specific antibody responses in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, as well as antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation and IL-17 production. More importantly, the AMVAD vaccine partially protected the mice against a lethal intranasal challenge with LVS. Compared to LVSCE immunized and naïve mice, the LVSCE/AMVAD immunized mice showed substantial to significant reduction in pathogen burdens in the lungs and spleens, reduced serum and pulmonary levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and longer mean time to death as well as significantly higher survival rates (p<0.05). These results suggest that the AMVAD system is a promising mucosal adjuvant and vaccine delivery technology, and should be explored further for its applications in combating mucosal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girishchandra B Patel
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
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Chong PLG. Archaebacterial bipolar tetraether lipids: Physico-chemical and membrane properties. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:253-65. [PMID: 20060818 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar tetraether lipids (BTL) are abundant in archaea and can be chemically synthesized. The structures of BTL are distinctly different from the lipids found in bacteria and eukaryotes. In aqueous solution, BTL can form extraordinarily stable liposomes with different sizes, lamellarities and membrane packing densities. BTL liposomes can serve as membrane models for understanding the structure-function relationship of the plasma membrane in thermoacidophiles and can be used for technological applications. This article reviews the separation, characterization and structures of BTL as well as the physical properties and technological applications of BTL liposomes. One of the structural features of BTL is the presence of cyclopentane rings in the lipid hydrocarbon core. Archaea use the cyclopentane ring as an adaptation strategy to cope with high growth temperature. Special attention of this article is focused on how the number of cyclopentane rings varies with environmental factors and affects membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parkson Lee-Gau Chong
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Patel GB, Zhou H, Ponce A, Chen W. Safety Evaluation of Calcium Administered Intranasally to Mice. Int J Toxicol 2009; 28:510-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581809347388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium, a component of approved human vaccines administered via systemic routes, has a good safety profile. Recently, intranasally administered vaccines containing calcium have shown promise in generating mucosal immune responses in animal models. However, the safety of intranasally administered calcium is unknown. This study evaluates the safety of intranasally administered calcium at 2- to 13-fold higher doses than used in experimental vaccines. At a calcium dose of 22 mg/kg, 80% of the Balb/c and 20% of the C57BL/6 mice die within the first 24 hours. At 11.0 mg/kg, there is no overt toxicity in either strain, based on body weight, clinical scores, blood chemistry, and histopathology of major organs at 7 days post administration. In C57BL/6 mice, apart from acute and subacute inflammation in the lungs at up to 3 days post administration, especially at the 22-mg/kg dose, there is no overt toxicity. Doses of calcium up to 11 mg/kg appear to be safe in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girishchandra B. Patel
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amalia Ponce
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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