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Wojcieszek J, Chay S, Jiménez-Lamana J, Curie C, Mari S. Study of the Stability, Uptake and Transformations of Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles in a Model Plant by Means of an Optimised Single Particle ICP-MS/MS Method. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111736. [PMID: 37299639 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the widespread distribution of zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) in the environment and its possible exposure to many aquatic and terrestrial organisms, this study investigates the effects, uptake, bioaccumulation, localisation and possible transformations of nZVI in two different forms (aqueous dispersion-Nanofer 25S and air-stable powder-Nanofer STAR) in a model plant-Arabidopsis thaliana. Seedlings exposed to Nanofer STAR displayed symptoms of toxicity, including chlorosis and reduced growth. At the tissue and cellular level, the exposure to Nanofer STAR induced a strong accumulation of Fe in the root intercellular spaces and in Fe-rich granules in pollen grains. Nanofer STAR did not undergo any transformations during 7 days of incubation, while in Nanofer 25S, three different behaviours were observed: (i) stability, (ii) partial dissolution and (iii) the agglomeration process. The size distributions obtained by SP-ICP-MS/MS demonstrated that regardless of the type of nZVI used, iron was taken up and accumulated in the plant, mainly in the form of intact nanoparticles. The agglomerates created in the growth medium in the case of Nanofer 25S were not taken up by the plant. Taken together, the results indicate that Arabidopsis plants do take up, transport and accumulate nZVI in all parts of the plants, including the seeds, which will provide a better understanding of the behaviour and transformations of nZVI once released into the environment, a critical issue from the point of view of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wojcieszek
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandrine Chay
- IPSiM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Place Viala, CEDEX 1, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Javier Jiménez-Lamana
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2SUPPA, CNRS UMR 5254, IPREM, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Catherine Curie
- IPSiM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Place Viala, CEDEX 1, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Stephane Mari
- IPSiM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Place Viala, CEDEX 1, 34060 Montpellier, France
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2
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Zhu J, Zhang L, Liu J, Zhong S, Gao P, Shen J. Trichloroethylene remediation using zero-valent iron with kaolin clay, activated carbon and bacteria. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119186. [PMID: 36244142 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale particles of zero-valent iron were used to form a permeable reactive barrier whose performance in dechlorinating a solution of trichloroethylene was compared with that of a barrier formed from limestone. The iron was combined with kaolin by calcination. The test liquid contained sewage sludge, and also added NH4Cl and KH2PO4. The average removal rates of trichloroethylene and phosphorus over 365 days both exceeded 94%. Chemical oxygen demand was reduced by 92% and ammonium nitrogen by 43.6%. All were significantly greater than the removals with the limestone barrier. The ceramsite barrier retained 85% of its effectiveness even after 365 days of use. Dechloromonas sp. was the main dechlorinating bacterium, but its removal ability is limited. The removal of trichloroethylene in such a barrier mainly depends on reduction by the zero-valent iron and biodegradation. The results show that the prepared ceramsite is stable and effective in removing trichloroethylene from water. It is a promising in-situ remediation material for groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhu
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lishan Zhang
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Junyong Liu
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Pin Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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Beker SA, Khudur LS, Krohn C, Cole I, Ball AS. Remediation of groundwater contaminated with dye using carbon dots technology: Ecotoxicological and microbial community responses. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115634. [PMID: 35803070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater pollution poses a serious threat to the main source of clean water globally. Nanoparticles have the potential for remediation of polluted aquifers; however, environmental safety concerns associated with in situ deployments of such technology include potential detrimental effects on microorganisms in terms of toxicity and functional disruptions. In this work, we evaluated a new and ecofriendly approach using carbon dots (CDs) as Fenton-like catalysts to catalyse the degradation of dye-containing groundwater samples. This investigation aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a novel remediation technology in terms of dye degradation and toxicity reduction while assessing its impacts on aquatic microorganisms. Uncontaminated Australian groundwater samples were spiked with methylene blue and incubated in the dark, at 18 °C, under slow agitation, using CDs at 0.5 mg mL-1 and H2O2 at 73.5 mM for 25 h. The dye degradation rate was determined as well as the toxicity of the treated solutions using the Microtox® bioassay. Further, to determine the changes in the groundwater microbial community, 16 S rRNA sequencing was used and evenness and diversity indices were analysed using Pielou's evenness and Simpson index, respectively. This study revealed that dye-containing groundwater were effectively treated by CDs showing a degradation rate of 78-82% and a significant 4-fold reduction in the toxicity. Characterisation of the groundwater microbiota revealed a predominance of at least 60% Proteobacteria phylum in all samples where diversity and evenness were maintained throughout the remediation process. The results showed that CDs could be an efficient approach to treat polluted groundwater and potentially have minimum impact on the environmental microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A Beker
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Leadin S Khudur
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Christian Krohn
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Ivan Cole
- Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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Vanzetto GV, Thomé A. Toxicity of nZVI in the growth of bacteria present in contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135002. [PMID: 35597456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the remediation of degraded areas is a consolidated practice. However, the long-term reactions that occur in the environment remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the potential toxic effects on the growth of colony-forming units (CFUs) of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomona aeruginosa present in soil contaminated with hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) nanoremediated with nZVI. The treatments were natural soil (control), soil contaminated by Cr6+, soil contaminated by PCP, and soil contaminated by Cr6+ and PCP (Cr6+ and PCP), all in duplicate. The concentration of contaminants used was 100 mg/kg of soil. One of the drums of the duplicate received an injection of nZVI solution with a concentration of 50 g/kg. Analysis was performed 7, 15, 21, 30, 60, and 90 days after the nZVI injection. Temporary oscillations in the abundance of the microbiological community were observed, characterizing the adaptation of bacteria to the contaminants. The bacteria showed similar behavior. Ninety days after the injection of nZVI, the averages of the CFUs were statistically equal, with the lowest coefficient of variation and the highest concentration of CFUs occurring. The strains of B. cereus and P. aeruginosa were resistant to the concentrations of nZVI, Cr6+, and PCP. The nanoremediation of nZVI in soil contaminated by Cr6+ and PCP had no toxic effects on the population of the bacteria evaluated and did not present major disturbances in temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and humidity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Thomé
- Professor Graduate Program in Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, Brazil
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Németh I, Molnár S, Vaszita E, Molnár M. The Biolog EcoPlate™ Technique for Assessing the Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Freshwater Microbial Communities. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1777. [PMID: 34361164 PMCID: PMC8308119 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of Biolog EcoPlate™ for community-level physiological profiling of soils is well documented; however, the functional diversity of aquatic bacterial communities has been hardly studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of the Biolog EcoPlate™ technique and evaluate comparatively the applied endpoints, for the characterisation of the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) on freshwater microbial communities. Microcosm experiments were run to assess the effect of nano ZnO and nano TiO2 in freshwater at 0.8-100 mg/L concentration range. The average well colour development, substrate average well colour development, substrate richness, Shannon index and evenness, Simpson index, McIntosh index and Gini coefficient were determined to quantify the metabolic capabilities and functional diversity. Comprehensive analysis of the experimental data demonstrated that short-term exposure to TiO2 and ZnO NPs affected the metabolic activity at different extent and through different mechanisms of action. TiO2 NPs displayed lower impact on the metabolic profile showing up to 30% inhibition. However, the inhibitory effect of ZnO NPs reached 99% with clearly concentration-dependent responses. This study demonstrated that the McIntosh and Gini coefficients were well applicable and sensitive diversity indices. The parallel use of general metabolic capabilities and functional diversity indices may improve the output information of the ecological studies on microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mónika Molnár
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (I.N.); (S.M.); (E.V.)
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Davarazar M, Kamali M, Lopes I. Engineered nanomaterials for (waste)water treatment - A scientometric assessment and sustainability aspects. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100316. [PMID: 35559973 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanomaterials for the treatment of effluents originated from various industrial and non-industrial sources, has been rapidly developed in recent decades. In this situation, there is a need for conclusive studies to identify the current status of the knowledge in this field and to promote the commercialization of such technologies by providing recommendations for future studies. In the present manuscript, a scientometric assessment on the progress made in this field has been performed and the results have been organized and discussed in terms of science statistics, research hotspots and trends, as well as the relevant sustainability aspects. Based on a set of keywords, identified through a pre-literature analysis, a total of 6539 documents were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database and analyzed to achieve the main goals of this study. The results demonstrate that the studies in this field have been initiated since the beginning of the 2000s but were mainly performed in lab and pilot scales. Also, China and Iran were identified as the most contributing countries in this scientific area in terms of the number of publications. Among various types of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), there has been especial attention for the application of iron-based nanomaterials as well as carbonaceous structures (such as graphene oxide and biochar). Besides, there are not still strong collaborations formed among researchers in this area worldwide. Regarding the research hotspots, the synthesis of green and sustainable nanomaterials (e.g., biosynthesis approaches) has received attention in recent years. The results can also demonstrate that the most widely studied pathway for the removal of pollutants from (waste)waters involves the adsorption of the pollutants using ENMs. Treatment of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) as well as exploring the mechanisms involved in the treatment of contaminated (waste)waters using ENMs and the possible by-products are considered the current trends in the literature. Regarding the sustainability aspects of ENMs for (waste)water treatment, the results achieved in this study calls for in-depth sustainability studies, which consider parameters such as economic, environmental, and social aspects of nanomaterials utilization for (waste)water treatment purposes, besides the technical parameters, to push transferring such technologies from lab and pilot scales to large and real-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Davarazar
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mohammadreza Kamali
- Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; CESAM - Center of Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Center of Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Vidmar J, Oprčkal P, Milačič R, Mladenovič A, Ščančar J. Investigation of the behaviour of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and their interactions with Cd 2+ in wastewater by single particle ICP-MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:1259-1268. [PMID: 29660878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) exhibit great potential for the removal of metal contaminants from wastewater. After their use, there is a risk that nZVI will remain dispersed in remediated water and represent potential nano-threats to the environment. Therefore, the behaviour of nZVI after remediation must be explored. To accomplish this, we optimised a novel method using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) for the sizing and quantification of nZVI in wastewater matrices. H2 reaction gas was used in MS/MS mode for the sensitive and interference-free determination of low concentrations of nZVI with a low size limit of detection (36nm). This method was applied to study the influence of different iron (Fe) loads (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0gL-1) and water matrices (Milli-Q water, synthetic and effluent wastewater) on the behaviour of nZVI, their interactions with Cd2+ and the efficiency of Cd2+ removal. The aggregation and sedimentation of nZVI increased with settling time. Sedimentation was slower in effluent wastewater than in Milli-Q water or synthetic wastewater. Consequently, Cd2+ was more efficiently (86%) removed from effluent wastewater than from synthetic wastewater (73%), while its removal from Milli-Q water was inefficient (19%). The trace amounts of Cd2+ that remained in the remediated water were either dissolved or sorbed to residual nZVI. The results of the nanoremediation of effluent wastewater with varying Fe loads showed that sedimentation was faster at higher initial concentrations of nZVI. After seven days of settling, low concentrations of Fe remained in the effluent wastewater at Fe loads of 0.5gL-1 or higher, which could indicate that the use of nZVI in nanoremediation under the described conditions may not represent an environmental nano-threat. However, further studies are needed to assess the ecotoxicological impact of Fe-related NPs used for the nanoremediation of wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Vidmar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Oprčkal
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Mladenovič
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Niño de Guzmán GT, Hapeman CJ, Millner PD, McConnell LL, Jackson D, Kindig D, Torrents A. Using a high-organic matter biowall to treat a trichloroethylene plume at the Beaver Dam Road landfill. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8735-8746. [PMID: 29327189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a highly effective industrial degreasing agent and known carcinogen. It was frequently buried improperly in landfills and has subsequently become one of the most common groundwater and soil contaminants in the USA. A common strategy to remediate TCE-contaminated sites and to prevent movement of the TCE plumes into waterways is to construct biowalls which consist of biomaterials and amendments to enhance biodegradation. This approach was chosen to contain a TCE plume emanating from a closed landfill in Maryland. However, predicting the effectiveness of biowalls is often site specific. Therefore, we conducted an extensive series of batch reactor studies at 12 °C as opposed to the typical room temperature to examine biowall fill-material combinations including the effects of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and glycerol amendments. No detectable TCE was observed after several months in the laboratory study when using the unamended 4:3 mulch-to-compost combination. In the constructed biowall, this mixture reduced the upstream TCE concentration by approximately 90% and generated ethylene downstream, an indication of successful reductive dechlorination. However, the more toxic degradation product vinyl chloride (VC) was also detected downstream at levels approximately ten times greater than the maximum contaminant level. This indicates that incomplete degradation also occurred. In the laboratory, ZVI reduced VC formation. A hazard quotient was calculated for the landfill site with and without the biowall. The addition of the biowall decreased the hazard quotient by 88%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathleen J Hapeman
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Patricia D Millner
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Laura L McConnell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dana Jackson
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Alba Torrents
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Londono N, Donovan AR, Shi H, Geisler M, Liang Y. Impact of TiO 2 and ZnO nanoparticles on an aquatic microbial community: effect at environmentally relevant concentrations. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:1140-1156. [PMID: 29125011 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1401141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate effects of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) at environmentally relevant concentrations to aquatic microbial communities, TiO2 at 700 µg/L and ZnO at 70 µg/L were spiked to river water samples either separately or combined. Compared to controls where no ENPs were added, the addition of TiO2 ENPs alone at the tested concentration had no statistically significant effect on both the bacterial and eukaryotic communities. The presence of added ENPs: ZnO or ZnO + TiO2 led to significant shift of the microbial community structure and genus distribution. This shift was more obvious for the bacteria than the eukaryotes. Based on results from single particle - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS), all ENPs aggregated rapidly in water and resulted in much larger particles sizes than the original counterparts. "Dissolved" (including particles smaller than the size detection limits and dissolved ions) concentrations of Ti and Zn increased, too in treatment groups vs. the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Londono
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , IL , USA
| | - Ariel R Donovan
- b Department of Chemistry , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , MO , USA
| | - Honglan Shi
- b Department of Chemistry , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , MO , USA.,c Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS3M) , Rolla , MO , USA
| | - Matthew Geisler
- d Department of Plant Biology , Life Science II, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , IL , USA
| | - Yanna Liang
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , IL , USA.,e Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , NY , USA
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Janas D, Koziol KK. Carbon nanotube fibers and films: synthesis, applications and perspectives of the direct-spinning method. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19475-19490. [PMID: 27874140 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07549e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct-spinning method of creation of CNT macroassemblies has received a lot of attention because of its simplicity to produce high-performance material without apparent limits to its size. CNT fibers or films have shown unparalleled properties and opened new areas of research and commercial development. The process designed more than a decade ago has already given interesting information about the basic science of nanomaterials, which in parallel led to the creation of the first prototypes with high potential of implementation in everyday life. Because of this, there has been growing interest in this technique with research articles coming into view from all around the world on a frequent basis. This review aims to summarize all the progress made in the direct-spinning process on a spectrum of fronts ranging from the study of complex synthesis parameters, material properties to its viable applications. The strong and weak points of the "Cambridge process" are carefully evaluated to put forward what challenges are most pressing. The future overlook puts the state of the art into perspective and suggests the prospective research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Janas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Krzysztof K Koziol
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK.
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11
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Chaithawiwat K, Vangnai A, McEvoy JM, Pruess B, Krajangpan S, Khan E. Role of oxidative stress in inactivation of Escherichia coli BW25113 by nanoscale zero-valent iron. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:857-862. [PMID: 26953142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An Escherichia coli BW25113 wildtype strain and mutant strains lacking genes that protect against oxidative stress were examined at different growth phases for susceptibility to zero-valent iron (nZVI). Viability of cells was determined by the plate count method. All mutant strains were more susceptible than the wild type strain to nZVI; however, susceptibility differed among the mutant strains. Consistent with the role of rpoS as a global stress regulator, an rpoS gene knockout mutant exhibited the greatest susceptibility to nZVI under the majority of conditions tested (except exponential and declining phases at longer exposure time). Mutants lacking genes encoding the inducible and constitutively expressed cytosolic superoxide dismutases, sodA and sodB, respectively, were more susceptible to nZVI than a mutant lacking the gene encoding sodC, a periplasmic superoxide dismutase. This suggests that nZVI induces oxidative stress inside the cells via superoxide generation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of katG, a gene encoding the catalase-peroxidase enzyme, in nZVI-treated E. coli at different growth phases. Results showed that nZVI repressed the expression of katG in all but lag phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittanut Chaithawiwat
- International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management, Graduate School Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Environmental and Conservation Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Alisa Vangnai
- Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - John M McEvoy
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Birgit Pruess
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | | | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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Schiwy A, Maes HM, Koske D, Flecken M, Schmidt KR, Schell H, Tiehm A, Kamptner A, Thümmler S, Stanjek H, Heggen M, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Braun J, Schäffer A, Hollert H. The ecotoxic potential of a new zero-valent iron nanomaterial, designed for the elimination of halogenated pollutants, and its effect on reductive dechlorinating microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:419-427. [PMID: 27317494 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the ecotoxic potential of a new zero-valent iron nanomaterial produced for the elimination of chlorinated pollutants at contaminated sites. Abiotic dechlorination through the newly developed nanoscale zero-valent iron material and its effects on dechlorinating bacteria were investigated in anaerobic batch and column experiments. The aged, i.e. oxidized, iron material was characterization with dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffractometry and cell-free reactive oxygen measurements. Furthermore, it was evaluated in aerobic ecotoxicological test systems with algae, crustacean, and fish, and also applied in a mechanism specific test for mutagenicity. The anaerobic column experiments showed co-occurrence of abiotic and biological dechlorination of the common groundwater contaminant perchloroethene. No prolonged toxicity of the nanomaterial (measured for up to 300 days) towards the investigated dechlorinating microorganism was observed. The nanomaterial has a flake like appearance and an inhomogeneous size distribution. The toxicity to crustacean and fish was calculated and the obtained EC50 values were 163 mg/L and 458 mg/L, respectively. The nanomaterial showed no mutagenicity. It physically interacted with algae, which had implications for further testing and the evaluation of the results. Thus, the newly developed iron nanomaterial was slightly toxic in its reduced state but no prolonged toxicity was recorded. The aquatic tests revealed a low toxicity with EC50 values ≥ 163 mg/L. These concentrations are unlikely to be reached in the aquatic environment. Hence, this nanomaterial is probably of no environmental concern not prohibiting its application for groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schiwy
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Hanna M Maes
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Daniel Koske
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mirkko Flecken
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Kathrin R Schmidt
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Str. 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Heico Schell
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Str. 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Andreas Tiehm
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Str. 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Andre Kamptner
- UVR-FIA GmbH, Chemnitzer Straße 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Silke Thümmler
- UVR-FIA GmbH, Chemnitzer Straße 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Helge Stanjek
- Clay and Interface Mineralogy, RWTH Aachen University, Bunsenstrasse 8, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- VEGAS-Research Facility for Subsurface Remediation, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 61, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Qixia District Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Qixia District Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Chaithawiwat K, Vangnai A, McEvoy JM, Pruess B, Krajangpan S, Khan E. Impact of nanoscale zero valent iron on bacteria is growth phase dependent. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:352-9. [PMID: 26378872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effect of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) particles on bacteria from different growth phases was studied. Four bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli strains JM109 and BW25113, and Pseudomonas putida strains KT2440 and F1 were experimented. The growth curves of these strains were determined. Bacterial cells were harvested based on the predetermined time points, and exposed to nZVI. Cell viability was determined by the plate count method. Bacterial cells in lag and stationary phases showed higher resistance to nZVI for all four bacterial strains, whereas cells in exponential and decline phases were less resistant to nZVI and were rapidly inactivated when exposed to nZVI. Bacterial inactivation increased with the concentration of nZVI. Furthermore, less than 14% bacterial inactivation was observed when bacterial cells were exposed to the filtrate of nZVI suspension suggesting that the physical interaction between nZVI and cell is necessary for bacterial inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittanut Chaithawiwat
- International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management, Graduate School Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Environmental and Conservation Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Alisa Vangnai
- Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - John M McEvoy
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Birgit Pruess
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | | | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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