1
|
Serrano-García I, Saavedra Morillas C, Beiro-Valenzuela MG, Monasterio R, Hurtado-Fernández E, González-Fernández JJ, Hormaza JI, Pedreschi R, Olmo-García L, Carrasco-Pancorbo A. Uncovering phytochemicals quantitative evolution in avocado fruit mesocarp during ripening: A targeted LC-MS metabolic exploration of Hass, Fuerte and Bacon varieties. Food Chem 2024; 459:140334. [PMID: 38981379 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Avocado ripening entails intricate physicochemical transformations resulting in desirable characteristics for consumption; however, its impact on specific metabolites and its cultivar dependence remains largely unexplored. This study employed LC-MS to quantitatively monitor 30 avocado pulp metabolites, including phenolic compounds, amino acids, nucleosides, vitamins, phytohormones, and related compounds, from unripe to overripe stages, in three commercial varieties (Hass, Fuerte, and Bacon). Multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant metabolic variations between cultivars, leading to the identification of potential varietal markers. Most monitored metabolites exhibited dynamic quantitative changes. Although phenolic compounds generally increased during ripening, exceptions such as epicatechin and chlorogenic acid were noted. Amino acids and derivatives displayed a highly cultivar-dependent evolution, with Fuerte demonstrating the highest concentrations and most pronounced fluctuations. In contrast to penstemide, uridine and abscisic acid levels consistently increased during ripening. Several compounds characteristic of the Bacon variety were delineated but require further research for identification and role elucidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Serrano-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Saavedra Morillas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Gemma Beiro-Valenzuela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Romina Monasterio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), UNCuyo - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza 5505, Argentina
| | - Elena Hurtado-Fernández
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Loyola, Campus Sevilla, Avda. de las Universidades S/N, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Spain
| | - José Jorge González-Fernández
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture (IHSM La Mayora-UMA-CSIC), 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Hormaza
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture (IHSM La Mayora-UMA-CSIC), 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco S/N, La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Lucía Olmo-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alegría Carrasco-Pancorbo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nasri C, Halabi Y, Hajib A, Choukri H, Harhar H, Lee LH, Mani V, Ming LC, Goh KW, Bouyahya A, Tabyaoui M. Proximate composition, lipid and elemental profiling of eight varieties of avocado (Persea americana). Sci Rep 2023; 13:22767. [PMID: 38123687 PMCID: PMC10733347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight Moroccan avocado varieties were analyzed for their nutritional composition and physicochemical properties. The nutritional contents of the sample were determined through the evaluation of the moisture, oil, ash, protein, and carbohydrate contents, and energy value calculation. Additionally, macroelements (Ca, Mg, and Na) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) were determined in the mineral profile. Oils were examined also for their fatty acid, phytosterol, and tocopherol profiles. As a result of the study, the avocado presents significant differences between the eight studied varieties (p < 0.05), with regard to moisture content (57.88 g/100 g to 84.71 g/100 g), oil content (8.41 g/100 g to 57.88 g/100 g), ash (0.57 g/100 g to 1.37 g/100 g), protein content (5.7 g/100 g to 8.61 g/100 g), carbohydrate content (5.63 g/100 g to 14.61 g/100 g), and energy value (99.9 kcal/100 g to 316.8 kcal/100 g). Sodium (5783.01 mg/kg to 12,056.19 mg/kg) was the predominant macro-element in all varieties, followed by calcium (295.95 mg/kg to 531.67 mg/kg), and magnesium (246.29 mg/kg to 339.84 mg/kg). Copper (85.92 mg/kg to 112. 31 mg/kg) was the main microelement in all varieties, followed by iron (8.5 mg/kg to 20.32 mg/kg), and manganese (7.3 mg/kg to 18.45 mg/kg), while zinc (1.72 mg/kg to 5.66 mg/kg) was detected in small amounts. In addition, significant difference was observed in lipid profiles, according to the eight studied varieties (p < 0.05). Avocado oils were mainly composed of monounsaturated fatty acids (76.89 g/100 g to 84.7 g/100 g), with oleic acid (50.38 g/100 g to 71.49 g/100 g) standing out as particularly characteristic, while β-sitosterol (l2365.58 mg/kg to 4559.27 mg/kg), and α-tocopherol (30.08 mg/kg to 182.94 mg/kg) were among its major phytosterols and tocopherols. All avocado varieties represented in this study can be consumed as a fruit as an excellent source of energy, minerals, fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherols. The regular consumption of this fruit provides the body with several essential nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaimae Nasri
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yasmina Halabi
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Hajib
- Higher School of Education and Training (ESEF), Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hasnae Choukri
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harhar
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Sunway City, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Research Center for Life Science and Healthcare, China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute (CBI), University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, 51452, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Sunway City, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 47500, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Tabyaoui
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li R, Liu Y, Xia Z, Wang Q, Liu X, Gong Z. Discriminating geographical origins and determining active substances of water caltrop shells through near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123198. [PMID: 37531683 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometric methods were used to discriminate the geographical origins of the water caltrop shells from different regions of China. Two active substances, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the water caltrop shells were determined through the technique as well. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was adopted to build the geographical discriminant model. Quantitative analysis models of TPC and TFC were built using partial least squares (PLS) regression. 1st derivative and randomization test (RT) methods were used to optimize the quantitative analysis models. It was found that the geographical discriminant model can correctly recognize the water caltrop shells from different regions of China with a total accuracy of 93.33%. The values of TPC and TFC obtained by the optimized models and the standard method are close. The coefficient of determination (R2) and the ratio of prediction to deviation for the two substances were 0.91, 0.89 and 3.02, 3.02, respectively. The results demonstrated the feasibility of NIRS combined with chemometric methods for the geographical discrimination of water caltrop shells and the quantitative analysis of TPC and TFC in water caltrop shells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Center of Food Safety, Hubei Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China.
| | - Zhenzhen Xia
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Waly DA, Zeid AHA, Attia HN, Ahmed KA, El-Kashoury ESA, El Halawany AM, Mohammed RS. Comprehensive phytochemical characterization of Persea americana Mill. fruit via UPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS and anti-arthritic evaluation using adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3243-3262. [PMID: 37936023 PMCID: PMC10692038 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Persea americana Mill. (avocado fruit) has many health benefits when added to our diet due to various pharmacological activities, such as preventing bone loss and inflammation, modulating immune response and acting as an antioxidant. In the current study, the total ethanol extract (TEE) of the fruit was investigated for in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity via DPPH and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition. Biological evaluation of the antiarthritic effect of the fruit extract was further investigated in vivo using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) arthritis model, where the average percentages of body weight change, inhibition of paw edema, basal paw diameter/weight and spleen index were estimated for all animal groups. Inflammatory mediators such as serum IL-6 and TNF-α were also determined, in addition to histopathological examination of the dissected limbs isolated from all experimental animals. Eighty-one metabolites belonging to different chemical classes were detected in the TEE of P. americana fruit via UPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS. Two classes of lyso-glycerophospholipids; lyso-glycerophosphoethanolamines and lysoglycerophosphocholines were detected for the first time in avocado fruit in the positive mode. The TEE of fruit exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In vivo anti-arthritic activity of the fruit TEE improved paw parameters, inflammatory mediators and spleen index. Histopathological findings showed marked improvements in the arthritic condition of the excised limbs. Therefore, avocado fruit could be proposed to be a powerful antioxidant and antiarthritic natural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Atef Waly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Aisha Hussein Abou Zeid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Naeim Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Mahmoud El Halawany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Reda Sayed Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Serrano-García I, Domínguez-García J, Hurtado-Fernández E, González-Fernández JJ, Hormaza JI, Beiro-Valenzuela MG, Monasterio R, Pedreschi R, Olmo-García L, Carrasco-Pancorbo A. Assessing the RP-LC-MS-Based Metabolic Profile of Hass Avocados Marketed in Europe from Different Geographical Origins (Peru, Chile, and Spain) over the Whole Season. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3004. [PMID: 37631215 PMCID: PMC10458757 DOI: 10.3390/plants12163004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Spain dominates avocado production in Europe, with the Hass variety being the most prominent. Despite this, Spanish production satisfies less than 10% of the overall avocado demand in Europe. Consequently, the European avocado market heavily relies on imports from overseas, primarily sourced from Peru and Chile. Herein, a comprehensive characterization of the metabolic profile of Hass avocado fruits from Spain, Peru, and Chile, available in the European market throughout the year, was carried out. The determination of relevant substances was performed using high- and low-resolution RP-LC-MS. Remarkable quantitative differences regarding phenolic compounds, amino acids, and nucleosides were observed. Principal component analysis revealed a natural clustering of avocados according to geographical origin. Moreover, a specific metabolic pattern was established for each avocado-producing country using supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis. Spanish fruits exhibited high levels of coumaric acid malonyl-hexose II, coumaric acid hexose II, and ferulic acid hexose II, together with considerably low levels of pantothenic acid and uridine. Chilean avocado fruits presented high concentrations of abscisic acid, uridine, ferulic acid, succinic acid, and tryptophan. Fruits from Peru showed high concentrations of dihydroxybenzoic acid hexose, alongside very low levels of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid malonyl-hexose I, and ferulic acid hexose II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Serrano-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-G.); (J.D.-G.); (M.G.B.-V.); (R.M.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Joel Domínguez-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-G.); (J.D.-G.); (M.G.B.-V.); (R.M.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Elena Hurtado-Fernández
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Loyola, Campus Sevilla, Avda. de las Universidades S/N, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Spain;
| | - José Jorge González-Fernández
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture (IHSM La Mayora-UMA-CSIC), 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Spain; (J.J.G.-F.); (J.I.H.)
| | - José Ignacio Hormaza
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture (IHSM La Mayora-UMA-CSIC), 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Spain; (J.J.G.-F.); (J.I.H.)
| | - María Gemma Beiro-Valenzuela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-G.); (J.D.-G.); (M.G.B.-V.); (R.M.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Romina Monasterio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-G.); (J.D.-G.); (M.G.B.-V.); (R.M.); (A.C.-P.)
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), UNCuyo-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza 5505, Argentina
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco S/N, La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile;
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Lucía Olmo-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-G.); (J.D.-G.); (M.G.B.-V.); (R.M.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Alegría Carrasco-Pancorbo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-G.); (J.D.-G.); (M.G.B.-V.); (R.M.); (A.C.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ford NA, Spagnuolo P, Kraft J, Bauer E. Nutritional Composition of Hass Avocado Pulp. Foods 2023; 12:2516. [PMID: 37444254 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avocados (Persea americana) are a unique fruit that can provide health benefits when included in a healthy diet. As health care moves towards precision health and targeted therapies or preventative medicine, it is critical to understand foods and their dietary components. The nutritional composition and plant physiology of the Hass avocado is strikingly different from other fruits. This paper reviews the nutrient and bioactive composition of the edible portion of the Hass avocado (pulp) reported in the literature and from commercial lab analyses of the current market supply of fresh Hass avocados. These results provide comprehensive data on what nutrients and bioactives are in avocado and the quantity of these nutrients. We discuss the reasons for nutrient composition variations and review some potential health benefits of bioactive compounds found in Hass avocados.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
| | - Paul Spagnuolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ella Bauer
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Study of Influence of Extraction Method on the Recovery Bioactive Compounds from Peel Avocado. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062557. [PMID: 36985528 PMCID: PMC10056231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The avocado peel is a waste material from consumption avocado (Persea americana Mill.) with big biotechnology potential. The purpose of the present work was to study the influence of six extraction methods, maceration (M), maceration plus β-cyclodextrin (MβC), solid-state fermentation (SSF), sonication with water or ethanol, wet grinding (WG), wet grinding plus maceration (WGM), on the recovery of bioactive compounds from the avocado peel such as total phenols, epicatechin and chlorogenic acid. The results showed that the extraction method has a significant effect on the content of total phenols, the WGM method obtaining the highest value of total phenols (2143.1 mg GAE/100 g dry weight). Moreover, the results indicated that the extraction method had a significant effect on chlorogenic acid and epicatechin recovery, the WGM method obtaining the highest amount of epicatechin and chlorogenic acid, 181.7 and 244.3 mg/100 g dry matter, respectively. Additionally, the characterization of WGM extract was realized by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS. Thus, the WGM method allowed for obtaining good yields of recovery of phenolic compounds using an accessible technology and a more environment-friendly solvent.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lyu X, Agar OT, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. Phenolic Compounds Profiling and Their Antioxidant Capacity in the Peel, Pulp, and Seed of Australian Grown Avocado. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010185. [PMID: 36671046 PMCID: PMC9855119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Avocados (Persea americana M.) are highly valued fruits consumed worldwide, and there are numerous commercially available varieties on the market. However, the high demand for fruit also results in increased food waste. Thus, this study was conducted for comprehensive profiling of polyphenols of Hass, Reed, and Wurtz avocados obtained from the Australian local market. Ripe Hass peel recorded the highest TPC (77.85 mg GAE/g), TTC (148.98 mg CE/g), DPPH (71.03 mg AAE/g), FRAP (3.05 mg AAE/g), RPA (24.45 mg AAE/g), and ABTS (75.77 mg AAE/g) values; unripe Hass peel recorded the highest TFC (3.44 mg QE/g); and Wurtz peel recorded the highest TAC (35.02 mg AAE/g). Correlation analysis revealed that TPC and TTC were significantly correlated with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. A total of 348 polyphenols were screened in the peel. A total of 134 compounds including 36 phenolic acids, 70 flavonoids, 11 lignans, 2 stilbenes, and another 15 polyphenols, were characterised through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, where the majority were from peels and seeds of samples extract. Overall, the hierarchical heat map revealed that there were a significant amount of polyphenols in peels and seeds. Epicatechin, kaempferol, and protocatechuic acid showed higher concentrations in Reed pulp. Wurtz peel contains a higher concentration of hydroxybenzoic acid. Our results showed that avocado wastes have a considerable amount of polyphenols, exhibiting antioxidant activities. Each sample has its unique value proposition based on its phenolic profile. This study may increase confidence in utilising by-products and encourage further investigation into avocado by-products as nutraceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lyu
- Faculty of Science, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Osman Tuncay Agar
- Faculty of Science, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- Faculty of Science, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- Faculty of Science, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-4-7043-9670
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Screening of Phenolic Compounds in Rejected Avocado and Determination of Their Antioxidant Potential. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocados are one of the important fruits in our diet, showing many health benefits. However, a significant amount of avocados become defective as they are transported throughout the supply chain and are refused by consumers, ending up at animal or pet feed manufacturers. Indeed, some previous evidence suggests that rejected avocados still present high phenolic content that can be reused in the drug or pharmacological industry. Therefore, in the present work, we measured the phenolic content from rejected avocado pulp and evaluated the antioxidant potential, followed by characterization and quantification using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA. Reed avocado pulp was highest in TPC (0.21 mg GAE/g f.w.) and TFC (0.05 mg QE/g f.w.), whereas in TCT assay, low traces of tannins were exhibited in Wurtz and Reed avocado pulp. Hass avocado pulp had the highest antioxidant potential in DPPH (0.32 AAE/g f.w.), FRAP (0.13 AAE/g f.w.), ABTS (0.32 AAE/g f.w.), •OH-RSA (0.51 AAE/g f.w.) and FICA (0.47 mg EDTA/g) assays. Wurtz avocado pulp had higher antioxidant potential in RPA (0.07 mg AAE/g) and PMA (0.27 AAE/g f.w.). A total of 64 phenolic compounds were characterized in avocado pulp, including 10 in Hass avocado pulp, 31 in Wurtz avocado pulp and 45 in Reed avocado pulp. In HPLC-PDA quantification, chlorogenic acid (21.36 mg/g f.w.), epicatechin (14.24 mg/g f.w.) and quercetin (21.47 mg/g f.w.) were detected to be the highest in Hass, Wurtz and Reed avocado pulp, respectively. Our study showed the presence of phenolic compounds in rejected avocado pulp and hence can be utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
|
10
|
Serrano-García I, Hurtado-Fernández E, Gonzalez-Fernandez JJ, Hormaza JI, Pedreschi R, Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Figueiredo-González M, Olmo-García L, Carrasco-Pancorbo A. Prolonged on-tree maturation vs. cold storage of Hass avocado fruit: Changes in metabolites of bioactive interest at edible ripeness. Food Chem 2022; 394:133447. [PMID: 35717919 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When the recipient of the product is relatively distant from the production area, it is necessary to use cold storage and controlled humidity to transport the avocado fruits. One of the main advantages of local avocado consumption lies on the possibility of prolonging on-tree maturation; this could foreseeably modify the metabolic profile of the fruit that reaches the consumer. In this work, the effect of prolonged on tree maturation (during different time intervals) on the final composition of avocado fruit (at edible ripeness) was evaluated and compared with the impact of the same periods after prolonged cold storage. The quantitative evolution of nine bioactive metabolites (7 phenolic compounds, pantothenic and abscisic acids) over 40 days (10-days intervals) was studied by using a solid-liquid extraction protocol and a LC-MS methodology. The results were discussed both considering the quantitative evolution of each individual compound and the sum of all of them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Serrano-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Hurtado-Fernández
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Jorge Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture (IHSM La Mayora-UMA-CSIC), 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Hormaza
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture (IHSM La Mayora-UMA-CSIC), 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Escuela de Agronomía, Calle San Francisco S/N, La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez
- Food and Health Omics. Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - María Figueiredo-González
- Food and Health Omics. Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Lucía Olmo-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alegría Carrasco-Pancorbo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rozan M, Alamri E, Bayomy H. Fermented Hass avocado kernel: Nutritional properties and use in the manufacture of biscuits. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103295. [PMID: 35521360 PMCID: PMC9065908 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the use of fermented Hass avocado kernel (FHK) with Lactobacillus plantarum to produce functional biscuits was examined. The chemical composition and antinutrient factors were evaluated for raw and fermented Hass avocado kernels. Fatty acids were separated by gas liquid chromatography. The physical properties, color, and sensory attributes of the biscuits were assessed using professional methods. The protein increased by 54% after fermentation to become (7.93%) in FHK while it was 5.15% in raw Hass avocado kernel (RHK). The crude fiber and ash decreased after fermentation by 18% and 8%, respectively. A significant (p < 0.05) increase was recorded in total phenol content, antiradical effect against DPPH and flavonoid content of FHK compared with RHK. After fermentation, reduction of tannins content was 80.76%, oxalates content 89.95%, alkaloids 70%, while traces of phytates and saponin were detected. The relative density, saponification value and iodine value of FHK oil were 0.917 g/ml, 212.26 mg KOH/g oil and 72.74 g Iodine/100 g oil, respectively. FHK oil had the following sequence: PUFA (51.54%) > SFA (26.72%) > MUFA (21.83%). The highest spread ratio (6.17) was recorded in biscuits produced by replacing 10% of FHK. Difference between the biscuit samples in the color from all treatments was completely compatible with the sensory evaluation results. Substituting 5% and 10% of FHK flour significantly improved both the brittleness and the total percentage of replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rozan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Eman Alamri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Bayomy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damanhour University, Egypt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Younis IY, Khattab AR, Selim NM, Sobeh M, Elhawary SS, Bishbishy MHE. Metabolomics-based profiling of 4 avocado varieties using HPLC-MS/MS and GC/MS and evaluation of their antidiabetic activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4966. [PMID: 35322072 PMCID: PMC8943142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven avocado "Persea americana" seeds belonging to 4 varieties, collected from different localities across the world, were profiled using HPLC-MS/MS and GC/MS to explore the metabolic makeup variabilities and antidiabetic potential. For the first time, 51 metabolites were tentatively-identified via HPLC-MS/MS, belonging to different classes including flavonoids, biflavonoids, naphthodianthrones, dihydrochalcones, phloroglucinols and phenolic acids while 68 un-saponified and 26 saponified compounds were identified by GC/MS analysis. The primary metabolic variabilities existing among the different varieties were revealed via GC/MS-based metabolomics assisted by unsupervised pattern recognition methods. Fatty acid accumulations were proved as competent, and varietal-discriminatory metabolites. The antidiabetic potential of the different samples was explored using in-vitro amylase and glucosidase inhibition assays, which pointed out to Gwen (KG) as the most potent antidiabetic sample. This could be attributed to its enriched content of poly-unsaturated fatty acids and polyphenolics. Molecular docking was then performed to predict the most promising phytoligands in KG variety to be posed as antidiabetic drug leads. The highest in-silico α-amylase inhibition was observed with chrysoeriol-4'-O-pentoside-7-O-rutinoside, apigenin-7-glucuronide and neoeriocitrin which might serve as potential drug leads for the discovery of new antidiabetic remedies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inas Y Younis
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Amira R Khattab
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, 1029, Egypt
| | - Nabil M Selim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Seham S Elhawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia M, Taylor TM, Senger SM, Ovissipour R, Bertke AS. SARS-CoV-2 Remains Infectious on Refrigerated Deli Food, Meats, and Fresh Produce for up to 21 Days. Foods 2022; 11:286. [PMID: 35159438 PMCID: PMC8834215 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has been detected on foods and food packaging and the virus can infect oral cavity and intestinal cells, suggesting that infection could potentially occur following ingestion of virus-contaminated foods. To determine the relative risk of infection from different types of foods, we assessed survival of SARS-CoV-2 on refrigerated ready-to-eat deli items, fresh produce, and meats (including seafood). Deli items and meats with high protein, fat, and moisture maintained infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 for up to 21 days. However, processed meat, such as salami, and some fresh produce exhibited antiviral effects. SARS-CoV-2 also remained infectious in ground beef cooked rare or medium, but not well-done. Although infectious SARS-CoV-2 was inactivated on the foods over time, viral RNA was not degraded in similar trends, regardless of food type; thus, PCR-based assays for detection of pathogens on foods only indicate the presence of viral RNA, but do not correlate with presence or quantity of infectious virus. The survival and high recovery of SARS-CoV-2 on certain foods support the possibility that food contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 could potentially be a source of infection, highlighting the importance of proper food handling and cooking to inactivate any contaminating virus prior to consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Jia
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.J.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Tina M. Taylor
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.J.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Sterling M. Senger
- Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Hampton, VA 23669, USA; (S.M.S.); (R.O.)
| | - Reza Ovissipour
- Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Hampton, VA 23669, USA; (S.M.S.); (R.O.)
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrea S. Bertke
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.J.); (T.M.T.)
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chirinos R, Campos D, Martínez S, Llanos S, Betalleluz-Pallardel I, García-Ríos D, Pedreschi R. The Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on Metabolite Composition of Hass Avocados Stored in a Controlled Atmosphere. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112427. [PMID: 34834789 PMCID: PMC8626034 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Avocado cv. Hass consumption has expanded worldwide given its nutritional, sensory, and functional attributes. In this work, avocado fruit from two harvests was subjected to hydrothermal treatment (38 °C for 1 h) or left untreated (control) and then stored for 30 and 50 days in a controlled atmosphere (4 kPa O2 and 6 kPa CO2 at 7 °C) (HTCA and CA, respectively) with subsequent ripening at ~20 °C. The fruit was evaluated for primary and secondary metabolites at harvest, after storage, and after reaching edible ripeness. A decrease from harvest to edible ripeness in mannoheptulose and perseitol was observed while β-sitosterol, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity (H-AOX, L-AOX), abscisic acid, and total phenolics (composed of p-coumaric and caffeic acids such as aglycones or their derivatives) increased. HTCA fruit at edible ripeness displayed higher contents of mannoheptulose, perseitol, β-sitosterol, L-AOX, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid derivatives, while CA fruit presented higher contents of α-tocopherol, H-AOX, and syringic acid glycoside for both harvests and storage times. The results indicate that a hydrothermal treatment prior to CA enables fruit of high nutritional value characterized by enhanced content of phenolic compounds at edible ripeness to reach distant markets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Chirinos
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, Lima 12056, Peru; (R.C.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (I.B.-P.); (D.G.-R.)
| | - David Campos
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, Lima 12056, Peru; (R.C.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (I.B.-P.); (D.G.-R.)
| | - Sofía Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, Lima 12056, Peru; (R.C.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (I.B.-P.); (D.G.-R.)
| | - Sílfida Llanos
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, Lima 12056, Peru; (R.C.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (I.B.-P.); (D.G.-R.)
| | - Indira Betalleluz-Pallardel
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, Lima 12056, Peru; (R.C.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (I.B.-P.); (D.G.-R.)
| | - Diego García-Ríos
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, Lima 12056, Peru; (R.C.); (S.M.); (S.L.); (I.B.-P.); (D.G.-R.)
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huaman‐Alvino C, Chirinos R, Gonzales‐Pariona F, Pedreschi R, Campos D. Physicochemical and bioactive compounds at edible ripeness of eleven varieties of avocado (
Persea americana
) cultivated in the Andean Region of Peru. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Huaman‐Alvino
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina Lima Peru
| | - Rosana Chirinos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina Lima Peru
| | - Fernando Gonzales‐Pariona
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizan Av. Universitaria N° 601‐607, Pillco Marca Huánuco Peru
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Calle San Francisco s/n La Palma Chile
| | - David Campos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina Lima Peru
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kalinowska M, Gołębiewska E, Świderski G, Męczyńska-Wielgosz S, Lewandowska H, Pietryczuk A, Cudowski A, Astel A, Świsłocka R, Samsonowicz M, Złowodzka AB, Priebe W, Lewandowski W. Plant-Derived and Dietary Hydroxybenzoic Acids-A Comprehensive Study of Structural, Anti-/Pro-Oxidant, Lipophilic, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Cell Lines. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093107. [PMID: 34578985 PMCID: PMC8466373 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven derivatives of plant-derived hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA)—including 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic (2,3-DHB, pyrocatechuic), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic (2,4-DHB, β-resorcylic), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic (2,5-DHB, gentisic), 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic (2,6-DHB, γ-resorcylic acid), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic (3,4-DHB, protocatechuic), 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic (3,5-DHB, α-resorcylic), and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic (3,4,5-THB, gallic) acids—were studied for their structural and biological properties. Anti-/pro-oxidant properties were evaluated by using DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS•+ (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), CUPRAC (cupric-reducing antioxidant power), and Trolox oxidation assays. Lipophilicity was estimated by means of experimental (HPLC) and theoretical methods. The antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) was studied. The cytotoxicity of HBAs in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was estimated. Moreover, the structure of HBAs was studied by means of experimental (FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR) and quantum chemical DFT methods (the NBO and CHelpG charges, electrostatic potential maps, and electronic parameters based on the energy of HOMO and LUMO orbitals). The aromaticity of HBA was studied based on the calculated geometric and magnetic aromaticity indices (HOMA, Aj, BAC, I6, NICS). The biological activity of hydroxybenzoic acids was discussed in relation to their geometry, the electronic charge distribution in their molecules, their lipophilicity, and their acidity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in the statistical analysis of the obtained data and the discussion of the dependency between the structure and activity (SAR: structure–activity relationship) of HBAs. This work provides valuable information on the potential application of hydroxybenzoic acids as bioactive components in dietary supplements, functional foods, or even drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kalinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.G.); (G.Ś.); (R.Ś.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewelina Gołębiewska
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.G.); (G.Ś.); (R.Ś.); (M.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Świderski
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.G.); (G.Ś.); (R.Ś.); (M.S.)
| | - Sylwia Męczyńska-Wielgosz
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Street, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (S.M.-W.); (H.L.)
| | - Hanna Lewandowska
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Street, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (S.M.-W.); (H.L.)
| | - Anna Pietryczuk
- Department of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Adam Cudowski
- Department of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Aleksander Astel
- Environmental Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewskiego 22a Street, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland;
| | - Renata Świsłocka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.G.); (G.Ś.); (R.Ś.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariola Samsonowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.G.); (G.Ś.); (R.Ś.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Barbara Złowodzka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Street, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Priebe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Rd., Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Włodzimierz Lewandowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alkaltham MS, Uslu N, Özcan MM, Salamatullah AM, Mohamed Ahmed IA, Hayat K. Effect of drying process on oil, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of avocado (cv. Hass) fruits harvested at two different maturity stages. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
18
|
Babiker EE, Ahmed IAM, Uslu N, Özcan MM, Juhaimi FA, Ghafoor K, Almusallam IA. Influence of Drying Methods on Bioactive Properties,Fatty Acids and Phenolic Compounds of Different Parts of Ripe and Unripe Avocado Fruits. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:589-598. [PMID: 33692245 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All drying processes increased oil content, antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents, and most of the phenolic compounds in the pulp, peel and seeds of both ripe fruits with varied degrees (p < 0.05). In addition, the processes reduced the oil contents, linoleic acids, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (+)-catechin, and naringenin of the pulp, antioxidant activity of the peels and seeds, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (+)-catechin of the seeds and it enhanced all other parameters in the pulp, peel, and seeds of unripe fruits (p < 0.05). Comparing the phenolic profiles of avocado pulp, peels, and seeds of ripe and unripe fruits indicated that the peel and seeds are richer than the pulp and that is superior in unripe fruits than ripe ones. In addition, drying processes particularly microwave and air drying greatly enhanced the bioactive properties of ripe and unripe avocado fruits and could thus be used to elongate the shelf-life of avocado fruit products without major impact on the overall quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elfadıl E Babiker
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Isam A Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Nurhan Uslu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University
| | - Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University
| | - Fahad Al Juhaimi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Kashif Ghafoor
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Ibrahim A Almusallam
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Al‐Juhaimi F, Uslu N, Musa Özcan M, Babiker EE, Ghafoor K, Mohamed Ahmed I, Alsawmahi ON. Effects of drying process on oil quality, the bioactive properties and phytochemical characteristics of avocado (Fuerte) fruits harvested at two different maturity stages. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Al‐Juhaimi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nurhan Uslu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Selcuk University Konya Turkey
| | - Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Selcuk University Konya Turkey
| | - Elfadıl E Babiker
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Ghafoor
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer N. Alsawmahi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fatty Acid Derivatives Isolated from the Oil of Persea americana (Avocado) Protects against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010171. [PMID: 33477487 PMCID: PMC7831075 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Avocado oil is beneficial to human health and has been reported to have beneficial effects on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the compounds in avocado oil that affect SNHL have not been identified. In this study, we identified 20 compounds from avocado oil, including two new and 18 known fatty acid derivatives, using extensive spectroscopic analysis. The efficacy of the isolated compounds for improving SNHL was investigated in an ototoxic zebrafish model. The two new compounds, namely (2R,4R,6Z)-1,2,4-trihydroxynonadec-6-ene and (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadecadi-14,16-ene (compounds 1 and 2), as well as compounds 7, 9, 14, 17 and 19 showed significant improvement in damaged hair cells in toxic zebrafish. These results led to the conclusion that compounds from avocado oil as well as oil itself have a regenerative effect on damaged otic hair cells in ototoxic zebrafish.
Collapse
|
21
|
Salazar-López NJ, Domínguez-Avila JA, Yahia EM, Belmonte-Herrera BH, Wall-Medrano A, Montalvo-González E, González-Aguilar GA. Avocado fruit and by-products as potential sources of bioactive compounds. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109774. [PMID: 33292952 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The increased demand for avocado, and therefore production and consumption, generate large quantities of by-products such as seeds, peel, and defatted pulp, which account for approximately 30% of fruit weight, and which are commonly discarded and wasted. The present review focuses on various compounds present in avocado fruit and its by-products, with particular interest to those that can be potentially used in different industrial forms, such as nutraceuticals, to add to or to formulate functional foods, among other uses. Main molecular families of bioactive compounds present in avocado include phenolic compounds (such as hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, flavonoids and proanthocyanins), acetogenins, phytosterols, carotenoids and alkaloids. Types, contents, and possible functions of these bioactive compounds are described from a chemical, biological, and functional approach. The use of avocado and its by-products requires using processing methods that allow highest yield with the least amount of unusable residues, while also preserving the integrity of bioactive compounds of interest. Avocado cultivar, fruit development, ripening stage, and processing methods are some of the main factors that influence the type and amount of extractable molecules. The phytochemical diversity of avocado fruit and its by-products make them potential sources of nutraceutical compounds, from which functional foods can be obtained, as well as other applications in food, health, pigment, and material sectors, among others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Julieta Salazar-López
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Elhadi M Yahia
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230 Qro., Mexico.
| | - Beatriz Haydee Belmonte-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico.
| | - Efigenia Montalvo-González
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 255 Fracc. Lagos del Country, Tepic, Nayarit 63175, Mexico.
| | - G A González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Younis IY, Hifnawy MS, El-Hawary SS, El Bishbishy MH, Elateek SY. Bioactive metabolites of hass and reed avocados targeting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-like X via molecular modeling and cytotoxicity assessments. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6040-6044. [PMID: 32912020 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1817013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the nutritive values, metabolites of Hass and Reed Avocado cultivars and evaluate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Hass was rich in water soluble vitamins, iron and calcium while, Reed contains more fat soluble vitamins. Benzaldehyde and butyl phenol derivatives were the major volatile components identified by solid phase extraction in Hass and Reed, respectively. Naringenin and rutin were the major compounds identified in Hass and Reed by HPLC analysis respectively. Hass showed a promising antimicrobial activity, especially, against Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MIC = 7.81 μg/mL). Two targets sites were selected to investigate the mechanism of action of Hass, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-like X and Serine/threonine kinases Proteins (STK). Molecular docking demonstrated high binding affinity of naringenin towards Enterotoxin-like X. However, high levels of rutin in Reed might account for its cytotoxic activity against colorectal adenocarcinoma. Avocado extracts may be used for developing potential antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inas Youssef Younis
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mahitab Helmi El Bishbishy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
de Freitas MA, Andrade JC, Alves AIS, Dos Santos FDAG, Leite-Andrade MC, Sales DL, Nunes M, Ribeiro PRV, Melo Coutinho HD, Morais-Braga MFB, Neves RP. Use of the natural products from the leaves of the fruitfull tree Persea americana against Candida sp. biofilms using acrylic resin discs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134779. [PMID: 31710846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The search for natural substances such as plant extracts with antimicrobial properties has considerably increased, given that biofilms constitute a barrier against antifungal therapy, where these can be formed on any surface, such as acrylic resin prosthesis. The objective of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the Persea americana Mill. leaf ethanol extract (EEFPa) using the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS technique, to verify its antifungal activity through a sensitivity test according to the conditions described in the documents in M27-A3 (CLSI, 2008) and M60 (CLSI, 2017), to induce biofilm formation in acrylic resin discs and quantify their formation using tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT), as well as to treat these with the extract and fluconazole. Ten of the twelve compounds present in the extract were identified. In the sensitivity test the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration observed was 512 μg/mL, while fluconazole concentrations ranged from 64 to 1 μg/mL. During biofilm induction, all the isolates were able to form biofilms within 48 h. During biofilm treatment, the extract was less effective at biofilm reduction than Fluconazole. The EEFPa showed significant antifungal activity against some of the strains in this study, however the extract showed lower effect when compared to fluconazole against the biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Audilene de Freitas
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Cosmo Andrade
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Adryelle Idalina Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Franz de Assis G Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Melyna Chaves Leite-Andrade
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Débora Lima Sales
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Michellângelo Nunes
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | - Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Rejane Pereira Neves
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Campos D, Teran‐Hilares F, Chirinos R, Aguilar‐Galvez A, García‐Ríos D, Pacheco‐Avalos A, Pedreschi R. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from harvest to edible ripeness of avocado cv. Hass (
Persea americana
) throughout the harvest seasons. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Campos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | | | - Rosana Chirinos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | - Ana Aguilar‐Galvez
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | - Diego García‐Ríos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | | | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Calle San Francisco s/n La Palma Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Park S, Nam YH, Rodriguez I, Park JH, Kwak HJ, Oh Y, Oh M, Park MS, Lee KW, Lee JS, Kim DH, Park YH, Moon IS, Choung SY, Jeong KW, Hong BN, Kang TH, Kim SH. Chemical constituents of leaves of Persea americana (avocado) and their protective effects against neomycin-induced hair cell damage. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
26
|
Bhuyan DJ, Alsherbiny MA, Perera S, Low M, Basu A, Devi OA, Barooah MS, Li CG, Papoutsis K. The Odyssey of Bioactive Compounds in Avocado ( Persea americana) and Their Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E426. [PMID: 31554332 PMCID: PMC6826385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persea americana, commonly known as avocado, has recently gained substantial popularity and is often marketed as a "superfood" because of its unique nutritional composition, antioxidant content, and biochemical profile. However, the term "superfood" can be vague and misleading, as it is often associated with unrealistic health claims. This review draws a comprehensive summary and assessment of research performed in the last few decades to understand the nutritional and therapeutic properties of avocado and its bioactive compounds. In particular, studies reporting the major metabolites of avocado, their antioxidant as well as bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties, are summarized and assessed. Furthermore, the potential of avocado in novel drug discovery for the prevention and treatment of cancer, microbial, inflammatory, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases is highlighted. This review also proposes several interesting future directions for avocado research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Muhammad A Alsherbiny
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Saumya Perera
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Mitchell Low
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Amrita Basu
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech.
| | - Okram Abemsana Devi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Assam 785013, India.
| | - Mridula Saikia Barooah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Assam 785013, India.
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Konstantinos Papoutsis
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grilo F, Novara ME, D'Oca MC, Rubino S, Lo Bianco R, Di Stefano V. Quality evaluation of extra-virgin olive oils from Sicilian genotypes grown in a high-density system. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:397-409. [PMID: 31530051 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1666806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studying the sensory profile and chemical composition of monovarietal extra-virgin olive oils (EVOOs) is important to define and manage their quality and uniqueness. Chemical and sensory traits of olive oils from 14 minor Sicilian olive genotypes in comparison with oils from six major Sicilian and three international cultivars were analysed. Oils were extracted in 2015 from fruit of the 23 genotypes grown in an experimental orchard at a planting density of 1140 trees ha-1. Fatty acid composition, phenol composition, carotenoid content and antioxidant power were determined and analysed using univariate and multivariate procedures, in particular Nocellara Etnea along with carotenoid, phenol content and good sensory attributes, producing the best quality EVOO among the genotypes in trial. These results show that some Sicilian accessions used in this study may represent valid alternatives to produce high-quality EVOOs in modern, hedgerow planting systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Grilo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Eugenia Novara
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina D'Oca
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Rubino
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lo Bianco
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Avocado Oil: Characteristics, Properties, and Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112172. [PMID: 31185591 PMCID: PMC6600360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado oil has generated growing interest among consumers due to its nutritional and technological characteristics, which is evidenced by an increase in the number of scientific articles that have been published on it. The purpose of the present research was to discuss the extraction methods, chemical composition, and various applications of avocado oil in the food and medicine industries. Our research was carried out through a systematic search in scientific databases. Even though there are no international regulations concerning the quality of avocado oil, some authors refer to the parameters used for olive oil, as stated by the Codex Alimentarius or the International Olive Oil Council. They indicate that the quality of avocado oil will depend on the quality and maturity of the fruit and the extraction technique in relation to temperature, solvents, and conservation. While the avocado fruit has been widely studied, there is a lack of knowledge about avocado oil and the potential health effects of consuming it. On the basis of the available data, avocado oil has established itself as an oil that has a very good nutritional value at low and high temperatures, with multiple technological applications that can be exploited for the benefit of its producers.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gao Y, Wang M, Jiang N, Wang Y, Feng X. Use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on sweet cherries to determine phenolic compounds in peel and flesh. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3555-3562. [PMID: 30628083 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are rich in polyphenols and have high antioxidant potential. This study deals with the use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on five cherry cultivars, namely Caihong, Sunburst, Summit, 23-51 and Valeri, to determine the free, conjugated and bound phenolics in peel and flesh. RESULTS Phenolics varied widely based on cherry cultivars and edible parts. Valeri showed the highest phenolics in peel, while the flesh of 23-51 contained a higher amount of phenolic substances compared with the other cherries, mainly due to high levels of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, which was the most abundant phenolic in sweet cherry. Most of the phenolics, except for ferulic acid and vanillic acid, were present at a higher level in peel than in flesh. Principal component analysis indicated that compared with different edible parts, the phenolic compounds were more influenced by cultivar. CONCLUSIONS Cultivar had a much greater impact on the accumulation of phenolics than edible parts. The peel of Valeri contained the highest phenolics; for the flesh, 23-51 had the highest levels. The high variability in phenolic compounds in peel and flesh among cultivars may be useful for breeding and underlines the importance of germplasm conservation activities. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Di Stefano V, Melilli MG. Effect of storage on quality parameters and phenolic content of Italian extra-virgin olive oils. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:78-86. [PMID: 30896291 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1587434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The quality of extra virgin olive oils is affected mainly by hydrolytic and oxidative reactions. The present paper investigated the changes of major and minor components and oxidation indices of three monovarietal extra virgin olive oils after 18 months of storage at room temperature and in dark glass bottles conditions. After storage, the basic quality parameters such as free acidity, peroxide values, extinction coefficients, fatty acids composition, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, did not exceed the upper limits set by European Community Regulations for extra-virgin olive oils. Given the importance of the phenolic fraction, UHPLC-HESI-MS metodology was used. A decrease in 3,4-DHPEA-EDA (oleacin) and p-HPEA-EDA (oleochantal) was detected whereas, an increase of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol was measured as a consequence of degradation of ligstroside and oleuropein derivatives. Based on the results it is possible to observe the high nutritional value of the studied oils even after 18 months of conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Melilli
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Council of Research, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Di Stefano V, Pitonzo R, Novara ME, Bongiorno D, Indelicato S, Gentile C, Avellone G, Bognanni R, Scandurra S, Melilli MG. Antioxidant activity and phenolic composition in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes from south Italy by UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1038-1045. [PMID: 30014464 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate fruits are a rich source of polyphenols with numerous health-promoting effects. Pomegranate juices of five genotypes ('Mollar', 'Kingdom', 'Dente di Cavallo', and two old populations 'Francofonte' and 'Santa Tecla') were evaluated regarding anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin phenolic contents using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, total antioxidant activity (TAA) was evaluated using a 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assay. RESULTS Twenty-three phenolic compounds were identified. Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside and pelargonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside were the most representative anthocyanins in all genotypes; the Santa Tecla population had the highest content of these anthocyanins, 97.64 mg L-1 and 40.29 mg L-1 respectively. In the Francofonte population, ferulic acid hexoside was the most abundant compound (391.18 mg L-1 ). TAA values ranged between 221.5 and 36.73 µmol Trolox equivalents/100 mL of juice. A high TAA value was recorded for the Santa Tecla pomegranate population. CONCLUSION The UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS approach was employed for the first time to identify the phenolic compound profiling in five pomegranate genotypes. TAA was analysed using an ABTS assay, and the results showed a significant variability in nutraceutical potential of the pomegranate genotypes studied. The inclusion of phenolic information in the linear discriminant analysis allowed very good discriminations among genotypes to be obtained. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Pitonzo
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry ATeN Center, The Advanced Technologies Network Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Novara
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry ATeN Center, The Advanced Technologies Network Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - David Bongiorno
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Indelicato
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Avellone
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bognanni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scandurra
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Melilli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Di Gaudio F, Indelicato S, Indelicato S, Tricoli MR, Stampone G, Bongiorno D. Improvement of a rapid direct blood culture microbial identification protocol using MALDI-TOF MS and performance comparison with SepsiTyper kit. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 155:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
33
|
Gentile C, Di Gregorio E, Di Stefano V, Mannino G, Perrone A, Avellone G, Sortino G, Inglese P, Farina V. Food quality and nutraceutical value of nine cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits grown in Mediterranean subtropical environment. Food Chem 2018; 277:471-479. [PMID: 30502173 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) quality is strongly influenced by genotype but individuating the most appropriate harvesting time is essential to obtain high quality fruits. In this trial we studied the influences of the ripening stage at harvest (mature-ripe or green-ripe) on quality of ready to eat mango fruits from nine cultivars (Carrie, Keitt, Glenn, Manzanillo, Maya, Rosa, Osteen, Tommy Atkins and Kensington Pride) grown in the Mediterranean subtropical climate through physicochemical, nutraceutical, and sensory analysis. Our results show a large variability among the different observed genotypes and in dependence of the ripening stage at harvest. With the exception of Rosa, mature-ripe fruits are well-colored, sweet and aromatic, and better suited for short supply chains. On the other hand, post-harvest ripened fruits are firmer, frequently (Carrie, Glenn, Keitt, Manzanillo, Maya) possess interesting nutraceutical value and, in the case of Glenn, Maya, Osteen, and Kensington Pride, they can reach market standard quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Di Gregorio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Anna Perrone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Avellone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sortino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Farina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cicero N, Albergamo A, Salvo A, Bua GD, Bartolomeo G, Mangano V, Rotondo A, Di Stefano V, Di Bella G, Dugo G. Chemical characterization of a variety of cold-pressed gourmet oils available on the Brazilian market. Food Res Int 2018; 109:517-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
35
|
Yamassaki FT, Campestrini LH, Zawadzki-Baggio SF, Maurer JBB. Avocado leaves: Influence of drying process, thermal incubation, and storage conditions on preservation of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1369105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Tomio Yamassaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Avellone G, Salvo A, Costa R, Saija E, Bongiorno D, Di Stefano V, Calabrese G, Dugo G. Investigation on the influence of spray-drying technology on the quality of Sicilian Nero d'Avola wines. Food Chem 2017; 240:222-230. [PMID: 28946265 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to find a correlation between microencapsulation technology applied to wines and the resulting quality of the wine itself in terms of volatile composition and phenolic profile. To this aim, samples of Nero d'Avola wines produced in Sicily (Italy) were investigated in order to: i) elucidate the aromatic composition by means of HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS; ii) assess the polyphenolic content by UHPLC mass spectrometry; iii) compare the results obtained from both the screenings with those relative to the same wines that had previously been subjected to spray-drying. The results showed a marked reductionThe results here obtained evidenced a marked reduction of odour active compounds in microencapsulated wines, after resolubilization in water/ethanol; when considering the total amount of volatiles, a twofold reduction was observed. Conversely, the qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin-derived pigments showed no influence of the spray-drying process on these functional constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Avellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuele Saija
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - David Bongiorno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Universita' degli Studi di Torino, Via Verdi 8, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Silva Caldas AP, Chaves LO, Linhares Da Silva L, De Castro Morais D, Gonçalves Alfenas RDC. Mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effect of avocado consumption: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1352601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Caldas
- Departament of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mirbagheri VS, Alizadeh E, Yousef Elahi M, Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi S. Phenolic content and antioxidant properties of seeds from different grape cultivars grown in Iran. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:425-429. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1306705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
39
|
The Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Chokeberry Pomace. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|