1
|
Hirano Y, Nakamura I, Tamura S. Abnormal connectivity and activation during audiovisual speech perception in schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1918-1932. [PMID: 37990611 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The unconscious integration of vocal and facial cues during speech perception facilitates face-to-face communication. Recent studies have provided substantial behavioural evidence concerning impairments in audiovisual (AV) speech perception in schizophrenia. However, the specific neurophysiological mechanism underlying these deficits remains unknown. Here, we investigated activities and connectivities centered on the auditory cortex during AV speech perception in schizophrenia. Using magnetoencephalography, we recorded and analysed event-related fields in response to auditory (A: voice), visual (V: face) and AV (voice-face) stimuli in 23 schizophrenia patients (13 males) and 22 healthy controls (13 males). The functional connectivity associated with the subadditive response to AV stimulus (i.e., [AV] < [A] + [V]) was also compared between the two groups. Within the healthy control group, [AV] activity was smaller than the sum of [A] and [V] at latencies of approximately 100 ms in the posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus in only the left hemisphere, demonstrating a subadditive N1m effect. Conversely, the schizophrenia group did not show such a subadditive response. Furthermore, weaker functional connectivity from the posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus of the left hemisphere to the fusiform gyrus of the right hemisphere was observed in schizophrenia. Notably, this weakened connectivity was associated with the severity of negative symptoms. These results demonstrate abnormalities in connectivity between speech- and face-related cortical areas in schizophrenia. This aberrant subadditive response and connectivity deficits for integrating speech and facial information may be the neural basis of social communication dysfunctions in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Hirano
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itta Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toumaian M, Covanis P, Mantas A, Karantinos T, Kayas S, Kentikeleni A, Vatakis A, Klein C, Smyrnis N. Multisensory integration deficits in Schizophrenia and Autism evidenced in behaviour but not event related potentials. Psychiatry Res 2024; 332:115727. [PMID: 38211469 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The process of integrating information from different sensory channels, known as multisensory integration (MSI) was assessed in two disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ). 32 healthy controls (HC), 35 SCZ patients, and 23 ASD patients performed an audiovisual (AV) synchronous target detection task while reaction time (RT) and scalp recorded electrophysiological (EEG) activity were measured. MSI in the AV condition resulted in faster and less variable RTs compared to the unimodal conditions. Using our novel bootstrap method, MSI gain was observed in 78 % of HC, 26 % of ASD, and 48 % of SCZ patients. At the neural level, MSI in the AV condition resulted in larger amplitude of sensory evoked responses and cognitive P3 response compared to the corresponding unimodal conditions. These neural effects of MSI were not related to the behavioural MSI gain identified at the individual level and could not explain the deficits in behavioural MSI of patient groups. In conclusion, a robust MSI gain deficit in RT was observed in both patient groups that was not reflected in early perceptual and cognitive electro-cortical responses, suggesting that behavioural MSI deficits in ASD and SCZ may arise at late processing stages such as response selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maida Toumaian
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece; 1st Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Covanis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - Asimakis Mantas
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Karantinos
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - Sergios Kayas
- SKKA A LIFE PLAN Centre for Autistic Adolescents and Adults, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Kentikeleni
- SKKA A LIFE PLAN Centre for Autistic Adolescents and Adults, Athens, Greece
| | - Argiro Vatakis
- Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens Greece
| | - Christoph Klein
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece; 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi I, Demir I, Oh S, Lee SH. Multisensory integration in the mammalian brain: diversity and flexibility in health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220338. [PMID: 37545309 PMCID: PMC10404930 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration (MSI) occurs in a variety of brain areas, spanning cortical and subcortical regions. In traditional studies on sensory processing, the sensory cortices have been considered for processing sensory information in a modality-specific manner. The sensory cortices, however, send the information to other cortical and subcortical areas, including the higher association cortices and the other sensory cortices, where the multiple modality inputs converge and integrate to generate a meaningful percept. This integration process is neither simple nor fixed because these brain areas interact with each other via complicated circuits, which can be modulated by numerous internal and external conditions. As a result, dynamic MSI makes multisensory decisions flexible and adaptive in behaving animals. Impairments in MSI occur in many psychiatric disorders, which may result in an altered perception of the multisensory stimuli and an abnormal reaction to them. This review discusses the diversity and flexibility of MSI in mammals, including humans, primates and rodents, as well as the brain areas involved. It further explains how such flexibility influences perceptual experiences in behaving animals in both health and disease. This article is part of the theme issue 'Decision and control processes in multisensory perception'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilsong Choi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilayda Demir
- Department of biological sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmi Oh
- Department of biological sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of biological sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gröhn C, Norgren E, Eriksson L. A systematic review of the neural correlates of multisensory integration in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2021; 27:100219. [PMID: 34660211 PMCID: PMC8502765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2021.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multisensory integration (MSI), in which sensory signals from different modalities are unified, is necessary for our comprehensive perception of and effective adaptation to the objects and events around us. However, individuals with schizophrenia suffer from impairments in MSI, which could explain typical symptoms like hallucination and reality distortion. Because the neural correlates of aberrant MSI in schizophrenia help us understand the physiognomy of this psychiatric disorder, we performed a systematic review of the current research on this subject. The literature search concerned investigated MSI in diagnosed schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls using brain imaging. Seventeen of 317 identified studies were finally included. To assess risk of bias, the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment was used, and the review was written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The results indicated that multisensory processes in schizophrenia are associated with aberrant, mainly reduced, neural activity in several brain regions, as measured by event-related potentials, oscillations, activity and connectivity. The conclusion is that a fronto-temporal region, comprising the frontal inferior gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus/sulcus, along with the fusiform gyrus and dorsal visual stream in the occipital-parietal lobe are possible key regions of deficient MSI in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Eriksson
- Corresponding author at: Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moran JK, Keil J, Masurovsky A, Gutwinski S, Montag C, Senkowski D. Multisensory Processing Can Compensate for Top-Down Attention Deficits in Schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5536-5548. [PMID: 34274967 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on schizophrenia (SCZ) and aberrant multisensory integration (MSI) show conflicting results, which are potentially confounded by attention deficits in SCZ. To test this, we examined the interplay between MSI and intersensory attention (IA) in healthy controls (HCs) (N = 27) and in SCZ (N = 27). Evoked brain potentials to unisensory-visual (V), unisensory-tactile (T), or spatiotemporally aligned bisensory VT stimuli were measured with high-density electroencephalography, while participants attended blockwise to either visual or tactile inputs. Behaviorally, IA effects in SCZ, relative to HC, were diminished for unisensory stimuli, but not for bisensory stimuli. At the neural level, we observed reduced IA effects for bisensory stimuli over mediofrontal scalp regions (230-320 ms) in SCZ. The analysis of MSI, using the additive approach, revealed multiple phases of integration over occipital and frontal scalp regions (240-364 ms), which did not differ between HC and SCZ. Furthermore, IA and MSI effects were both positively related to the behavioral performance in SCZ, indicating that IA and MSI mutually facilitate bisensory stimulus processing. Multisensory processing could facilitate stimulus processing and compensate for top-down attention deficits in SCZ. Differences in attentional demands, which may be differentially compensated by multisensory processing, could account for previous conflicting findings on MSI in SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James K Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, St. Hedwig Hospital, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Keil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, St. Hedwig Hospital, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Biological Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Alexander Masurovsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, St. Hedwig Hospital, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Gutwinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, St. Hedwig Hospital, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Montag
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, St. Hedwig Hospital, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Senkowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, St. Hedwig Hospital, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
C P, Suryavanshi CA, Sasidharan A, Bhandary P R, Behere RV, Nayak KR. A combined stimuli presentation for assessing facial emotion related N170, N250 and visual mismatch negativity in neuropsychiatric disorders. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 59:102639. [PMID: 33839635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potential (ERP) is a useful approach to assess the neurophysiological correlates of facial emotion processing. Previous studies examined the facial emotion recognition (FER) related ERPs (N170, N250, visual MisMatch Negativity) individually using ERP specific paradigms. This approach can be time-consuming and may not resemble real-life scenarios where an individual must process multiple stimuli simultaneously. The aim of the study was to assess the utility of a combined paradigm when compared to individual paradigms to measure N170, N250 and visual MisMatch Negativity (vMMN) in healthy controls (HC), utilizing emotion stimuli standardized in the Indian population. Further, the combined paradigm was examined in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) to detect the differences in ERPs compared to HC. Within paradigms, ERPs showed higher amplitudes for emotion compared to neutral stimuli suggesting that the paradigms were able to detect valence associated with emotional stimuli. The combined paradigm was able to elicit decipherable peaks of N170, N250 and vMMN similar to individual paradigms. ERP data quality as assessed by analytic Standardized Measurement Error (aSME) showed a satisfactory aggregate score of above 2 for all the three paradigms. Combined paradigm approaches to record ERPs in neuropsychiatric conditions has the advantage of reducing the time required for task administration, avoiding practice effects, better subject cooperation and participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyesh C
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Chinmay A Suryavanshi
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Arun Sasidharan
- Axxonet Brain Research Laboratory, Axxonet System Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajeshkrishna Bhandary P
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Kirtana R Nayak
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Department of Medical Education, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ainsworth K, Ostrolenk A, Irion C, Bertone A. Reduced multisensory facilitation exists at different periods of development in autism. Cortex 2020; 134:195-206. [PMID: 33291045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atypical sensory processing is now recognised as a key component of an autism diagnosis. The integration of multiple sensory inputs (multisensory integration (MSI)) is thought to be idiosyncratic in autistic individuals and may have cascading effects on the development of higher-level skills such as social communication. Multisensory facilitation was assessed using a target detection paradigm in 45 autistic and 111 neurotypical individuals, matched on age and IQ. Target stimuli were: auditory (A; 3500 Hz tone), visual (V; white disk 'flash') or audiovisual (AV; simultaneous tone and flash), and were presented on a dark background in a randomized order with varying stimulus onset delays. Reaction time (RT) was recorded via button press. In order to assess possible developmental effects, participants were divided into younger (age 14 or younger) and older (age 15 and older) groups. Redundancy gain (RG) was significantly greater in neurotypical, compared to autistic individuals. No significant effect of age or interaction was found. Race model analysis was used to compute a bound value that represented the facilitation effect provided by MSI. Our results revealed that MSI facilitation occurred (violation of the race model) in neurotypical individuals, with more efficient MSI in older participants. In both the younger and older autistic groups, we found reduced MSI facilitation (no or limited violation of the race model). Autistic participants showed reduced multisensory facilitation compared to neurotypical participants in a simple target detection task, void of social context. This remained consistent across age. Our results support evidence that autistic individuals may not integrate low-level, non-social information in a typical fashion, adding to the growing discussion around the influential effect that basic perceptual atypicalities may have on the development of higher-level, core aspects of autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Ainsworth
- Perceptual Neuroscience Laboratory for Autism and Development (PNLab), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Alexia Ostrolenk
- Perceptual Neuroscience Laboratory for Autism and Development (PNLab), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; University of Montreal Center of Excellence for Pervasive Developmental Disorders (CETEDUM), Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Armando Bertone
- Perceptual Neuroscience Laboratory for Autism and Development (PNLab), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; University of Montreal Center of Excellence for Pervasive Developmental Disorders (CETEDUM), Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Low-frequency oscillations reflect aberrant tone restoration during the auditory continuity illusion in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11872. [PMID: 32681138 PMCID: PMC7367839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (ScZ) often show impairments in auditory information processing. These impairments have been related to clinical symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations. Some researchers have hypothesized that aberrant low-frequency oscillations contribute to auditory information processing deficits in ScZ. A paradigm for which modulations in low-frequency oscillations are consistently found in healthy individuals is the auditory continuity illusion (ACI), in which restoration processes lead to a perceptual grouping of tone fragments and a mask, so that a physically interrupted sound is perceived as continuous. We used the ACI paradigm to test the hypothesis that low-frequency oscillations play a role in aberrant auditory information processing in patients with ScZ (N = 23). Compared with healthy control participants we found that patients with ScZ show elevated continuity illusions of interrupted, partially-masked tones. Electroencephalography data demonstrate that this elevated continuity perception is reflected by diminished 3 Hz power. This suggests that reduced low-frequency oscillations relate to elevated restoration processes in ScZ. Our findings support the hypothesis that aberrant low-frequency oscillations contribute to altered perception-related auditory information processing in ScZ.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ostrolenk A, Bao VA, Mottron L, Collignon O, Bertone A. Reduced multisensory facilitation in adolescents and adults on the Autism Spectrum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11965. [PMID: 31427634 PMCID: PMC6700191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autism are reported to integrate information from visual and auditory channels in an idiosyncratic way. Multisensory integration (MSI) of simple, non-social stimuli (i.e., flashes and beeps) was evaluated in adolescents and adults with (n = 20) and without autism (n = 19) using a reaction time (RT) paradigm using audio, visual, and audiovisual stimuli. For each participant, the race model analysis compares the RTs on the audiovisual condition to a bound value computed from the unimodal RTs that reflects the effect of redundancy. If the actual audiovisual RTs are significantly faster than this bound, the race model is violated, indicating evidence of MSI. Our results show that the race model violation occurred only for the typically-developing (TD) group. While the TD group shows evidence of MSI, the autism group does not. These results suggest that multisensory integration of simple information, void of social content or complexity, is altered in autism. Individuals with autism may not benefit from the advantage conferred by multisensory stimulation to the same extent as TD individuals. Altered MSI for simple, non-social information may have cascading effects on more complex perceptual processes related to language and behaviour in autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Ostrolenk
- Perceptual Neuroscience Lab for Autism and Development (PNLab), McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,University of Montreal Center of Excellence for Pervasive Developmental Disorders (CETEDUM), CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vanessa A Bao
- Perceptual Neuroscience Lab for Autism and Development (PNLab), McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,School/Applied Child Psychology, Department of Education and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laurent Mottron
- University of Montreal Center of Excellence for Pervasive Developmental Disorders (CETEDUM), CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivier Collignon
- Centre for Mind/Brain Science (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Institut de recherche en Psychologie (IPSY) et en Neuroscience (IoNS), Université de Louvain-la-Neuve, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Armando Bertone
- Perceptual Neuroscience Lab for Autism and Development (PNLab), McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,School/Applied Child Psychology, Department of Education and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,University of Montreal Center of Excellence for Pervasive Developmental Disorders (CETEDUM), CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Effect of Visual Capture Towards Subjective Embodiment Within the Full Body Illusion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2889. [PMID: 30814561 PMCID: PMC6393432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Typically, multisensory illusion paradigms emphasise the importance of synchronous visuotactile integration to induce subjective embodiment towards another body. However, the extent to which embodiment is due to the 'visual capture' of congruent visuoproprioceptive information alone remains unclear. Thus, across two experiments (total N = 80), we investigated how mere visual observation of a mannequin body, viewed from a first-person perspective, influenced subjective embodiment independently from concomitant visuotactile integration. Moreover, we investigated whether slow, affective touch on participants' own, unseen body (without concomitant touch on the seen mannequin) disrupted visual capture effects to a greater degree than fast, non-affective touch. In total, 40% of participants experienced subjective embodiment towards the mannequin body following mere visual observation, and this effect was significantly higher than conditions which included touch to participants own, unseen body. The velocity of the touch that participants received (affective/non-affective) did not differ in modulating visual capture effects. Furthermore, the effects of visual capture and perceived pleasantness of touch was not modulated by subthreshold eating disorder psychopathology. Overall, this study suggests that congruent visuoproprioceptive cues can be sufficient to induce subjective embodiment of a whole body, in the absence of visuotactile integration and beyond mere confabulatory responses.
Collapse
|
11
|
Noel JP, Stevenson RA, Wallace MT. Atypical audiovisual temporal function in autism and schizophrenia: similar phenotype, different cause. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1230-1241. [PMID: 29575155 PMCID: PMC5980744 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Binding across sensory modalities yields substantial perceptual benefits, including enhanced speech intelligibility. The coincidence of sensory inputs across time is a fundamental cue for this integration process. Recent work has suggested that individuals with diagnoses of schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) will characterize auditory and visual events as synchronous over larger temporal disparities than their neurotypical counterparts. Namely, these clinical populations possess an enlarged temporal binding window (TBW). Although patients with SZ and ASD share aspects of their symptomatology, phenotypic similarities may result from distinct etiologies. To examine similarities and variances in audiovisual temporal function in these two populations, individuals diagnosed with ASD (n = 46; controls n = 40) and SZ (n = 16, controls = 16) completed an audiovisual simultaneity judgment task. In addition to standard psychometric analyses, synchrony judgments were assessed using Bayesian causal inference modeling. This approach permits distinguishing between distinct causes of an enlarged TBW: an a priori bias to bind sensory information and poor fidelity in the sensory representation. Findings indicate that both ASD and SZ populations show deficits in multisensory temporal acuity. Importantly, results suggest that while the wider TBWs in ASD most prominently results from atypical priors, the wider TBWs in SZ results from a trend toward changes in prior and weaknesses in the sensory representations. Results are discussed in light of current ASD and SZ theories and highlight that different perceptual training paradigms focused on improving multisensory integration may be most effective in these two clinical populations and emphasize that similar phenotypes may emanate from distinct mechanistic causes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Noel
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan A. Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark T. Wallace
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zvyagintsev M, Parisi C, Mathiak K. Temporal processing deficit leads to impaired multisensory binding in schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2017; 22:361-372. [PMID: 28578638 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2017.1331160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia has been characterised by neurodevelopmental dysconnectivity resulting in cognitive and perceptual dysmetria. Hence patients with schizophrenia may be impaired to detect the temporal relationship between stimuli in different sensory modalities. However, only a few studies described deficit in perception of temporally asynchronous multisensory stimuli in schizophrenia. METHODS We examined the perceptual bias and the processing time of synchronous and delayed sounds in the streaming-bouncing illusion in 16 patients with schizophrenia and a matched control group of 18 participants. RESULTS Equal for patients and controls, the synchronous sound biased the percept of two moving squares towards bouncing as opposed to the more frequent streaming percept in the condition without sound. In healthy controls, a delay of the sound presentation significantly reduced the bias and led to prolonged processing time whereas patients with schizophrenia did not differentiate between this condition and the condition with synchronous sound. CONCLUSION Schizophrenia leads to a prolonged window of simultaneity for audiovisual stimuli. Therefore, temporal processing deficit in schizophrenia can lead to hyperintegration of temporally unmatched multisensory stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Zvyagintsev
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,b IZKF Aachen , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,c JARA-Translational Brain Medicine , Aachen , Germany
| | - Carmen Parisi
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- a Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,c JARA-Translational Brain Medicine , Aachen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Balz J, Roa Romero Y, Keil J, Krebber M, Niedeggen M, Gallinat J, Senkowski D. Beta/Gamma Oscillations and Event-Related Potentials Indicate Aberrant Multisensory Processing in Schizophrenia. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1896. [PMID: 27999553 PMCID: PMC5138197 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies have suggested multisensory processing deficits in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Thus far, the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits are not well understood. Previous studies with unisensory stimulation have shown altered neural oscillations in SCZ. As such, altered oscillations could contribute to aberrant multisensory processing in this patient group. To test this assumption, we conducted an electroencephalography (EEG) study in 15 SCZ and 15 control participants in whom we examined neural oscillations and event-related potentials (ERPs) in the sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI). In the SIFI multiple auditory stimuli that are presented alongside a single visual stimulus can induce the illusory percept of multiple visual stimuli. In SCZ and control participants we compared ERPs and neural oscillations between trials that induced an illusion and trials that did not induce an illusion. On the behavioral level, SCZ (55.7%) and control participants (55.4%) did not significantly differ in illusion rates. The analysis of ERPs revealed diminished amplitudes and altered multisensory processing in SCZ compared to controls around 135 ms after stimulus onset. Moreover, the analysis of neural oscillations revealed altered 25–35 Hz power after 100 to 150 ms over occipital scalp for SCZ compared to controls. Our findings extend previous observations of aberrant neural oscillations in unisensory perception paradigms. They suggest that altered ERPs and altered occipital beta/gamma band power reflect aberrant multisensory processing in SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Balz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Yadira Roa Romero
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Keil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Krebber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Niedeggen
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Senkowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang M, Womer FY, Bai C, Zhou Q, Wei S, Jiang X, Geng H, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Wang F. Voxel-Based Morphometry in Individuals at Genetic High Risk for Schizophrenia and Patients with Schizophrenia during Their First Episode of Psychosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163749. [PMID: 27723806 PMCID: PMC5056757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding morphologic changes in vulnerable and early disease state of schizophrenia (SZ) may provide further insight into the development of psychosis. METHOD Whole brain voxel-based morphometry was performed to identify gray matter (GM) regional differences in 60 individuals with SZ during their first psychotic episode (FE-SZ), 31 individuals at genetic high risk for SZ (GHR-SZ) individuals, and 71 healthy controls. RESULTS Significant differences were found in several regions including the prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, occipital lobe, and cerebellum among the three groups (p<0.05, corrected). Compared to the HC group, the FE-SZ group had significantly decreased GM volumes in several regions including the cerebellum, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri and significantly increased GM volumes in the middle frontal gyrus and inferior operculum frontal gyrus (p<0.05). The GHR-SZ group had significant decreases in GM volumes in the supramaginal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and rolandic operculum and significant increases in GM volumes in the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior operculum frontal gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri when compared to the HC group (p<0.05). Compared to the GHR-SZ group, the FE-SZ group had significant decreases in GM volumes in several regions including the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings herein implicate the involvement of multisensory integration in SZ development and pathophysiology. Additionally, the patterns of observed differences suggest possible indicators of disease, vulnerability, and resiliency in SZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fay Y. Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Chuan Bai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Haiyang Geng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|