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Khan J, Kim ND, Bromhead C, Truman P, Kruger MC, Mallard BL. Hepatotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38740968 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The food additive E171 (titanium dioxide, TiO2), is widely used in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It is a fine white powder, with at least one third of its particles sized in the nanoparticulate (˂100 nm range, TiO2 NPs). The use of E171 is controversial as its relevant risk assessment has never been satisfactorily accomplished. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown dose-dependent toxicity in various organs including the liver. TiO2 NPs have been shown to induce inflammation, cell death and structural and functional changes within the liver. The toxicity of TiO2 NPs in experimental models varies between organs and according to their physiochemical characteristics and parameters such as dosage and route of administration. Among these factors, ingestion is the most significant exposure route, and the liver is a key target organ. The aim of this review is to highlight the reported adverse effects of orally administered TiO2 NPs on the liver and to discuss the controversial state of its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangrez Khan
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas D Kim
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Collette Bromhead
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Penelope Truman
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Beth L Mallard
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
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Balci-Ozyurt A, Yirün A, Cakır DA, Zeybek ND, Oral D, Sabuncuoğlu S, Erkekoğlu P. Evaluation of possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and possible protective effect of melatonin. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:109-121. [PMID: 37794599 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2259980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are particles of matter that are between 1 to 100 nm in diameter. They are suggested to cause toxic effects in both humans and environment thorough different mechanisms. However, their toxicity profile may be different from the parent material. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs are widely used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. As a white pigment, the use of TiO2 is used in food coloring, industrial paints, clothing and UV filters has increased tremendously in recent years. Melatonin, on the other hand, is a well-known antioxidant and may prevent oxidative stress caused by a variety of different substances, including NPs. In the current study, we aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of normal-sized TiO2 (220 nm) and nano-sized TiO2 (21 nm) on cytopathology, cytotoxicity, oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and glutathione), genotoxicity (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine), apoptosis (caspase 3, 8 and 9) and epigenetic alterations (global DNA methylation, H3 acetylation) on 3T3 fibroblast cells. In addition, the possible protective effects of melatonin, which is known to have strong antioxidant effects, against the toxicity of TiO2 were also evaluated. Study groups were: a. the control group; b. melatonin group; c. TiO2 group; d. nano-sized TiO2 group; e. TiO2 + melatonin group and f. nano-sized TiO2 + melatonin group. We observed that both normal-sized and nano-sized TiO2 NPs showed significant toxic effects. However, TiO2 NPs caused higher DNA damage and global DNA methylation compared to normal-sized TiO2 whereas normal-sized TiO2 led to lower H3 acetylation vs. TiO2 NPs. Melatonin showed partial protective effect against the toxicity caused by TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Balci-Ozyurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Bahçeşehir University School of Pharmacy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Anıl Yirün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Çukurova University Faculty of Pharmacy, Adana, Turkey
| | - Deniz Arca Cakır
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Vaccine Technology, Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Dilara Zeybek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Oral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Düzce University Faculty of Pharmacy, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Erkekoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Vaccine Technology, Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Zhang X, Song Y, Gong H, Wu C, Wang B, Chen W, Hu J, Xiang H, Zhang K, Sun M. Neurotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7183-7204. [PMID: 38076727 PMCID: PMC10710240 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s442801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) across various fields has led to a growing concern regarding their environmental contamination and inevitable human exposure. Consequently, significant research efforts have been directed toward understanding the effects of TiO2 NPs on both humans and the environment. Notably, TiO2 NPs exposure has been associated with multiple impairments of the nervous system. This review aims to provide an overview of the documented neurotoxic effects of TiO2 NPs in different species and in vitro models. Following exposure, TiO2 NPs can reach the brain, although the specific mechanism and quantity of particles that cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remain unclear. Exposure to TiO2 NPs has been shown to induce oxidative stress, promote neuroinflammation, disrupt brain biochemistry, and ultimately impair neuronal function and structure. Subsequent neuronal damage may contribute to various behavioral disorders and play a significant role in the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the neurotoxic potential of TiO2 NPs can be influenced by various factors, including exposure characteristics and the physicochemical properties of the TiO2 NPs. However, a systematic comparison of the neurotoxic effects of TiO2 NPs with different characteristics under various exposure conditions is still lacking. Additionally, our understanding of the underlying neurotoxic mechanisms exerted by TiO2 NPs remains incomplete and fragmented. Given these knowledge gaps, it is imperative to further investigate the neurotoxic hazards and risks associated with exposure to TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Gong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binquan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanhui Xiang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingkuan Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Cao Y, Chen J, Bian Q, Ning J, Yong L, Ou T, Song Y, Wei S. Genotoxicity Evaluation of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles In Vivo and In Vitro: A Meta-Analysis. TOXICS 2023; 11:882. [PMID: 37999534 PMCID: PMC10675837 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have raised concerns about genotoxic effects associated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), which are commonly used. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the potential genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs and explore influencing factors. METHODS This study systematically searched Chinese and English literature. The literature underwent quality evaluation, including reliability evaluation using the toxicological data reliability assessment method and relevance evaluation using routine evaluation forms. Meta-analysis and subgroup analyses were performed using R software, with the standardized mean difference (SMD) as the combined effect value. RESULTS A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and passed the quality assessment. Meta-analysis results indicated that the SMD for each genotoxic endpoint was greater than 0. This finding implies a significant association between TiO2 NP treatment and DNA damage and chromosome damage both in vivo and in vitro and gene mutation in vitro. Subgroup analysis revealed that short-term exposure to TiO2 NPs increased DNA damage. Rats and cancer cells exhibited heightened susceptibility to DNA damage triggered by TiO2 NPs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TiO2 NPs could induce genotoxicity, including DNA damage, chromosomal damage, and in vitro gene mutations. The mechanism of DNA damage response plays a key role in the genotoxicity induced by TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Guangqu Road, Beijing 100022, China; (Y.C.); (L.Y.); (T.O.)
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Qian Bian
- Institute of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Junyu Ning
- Institute of Toxicology, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Hepingli Middle Street, Beijing 100013, China;
| | - Ling Yong
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Guangqu Road, Beijing 100022, China; (Y.C.); (L.Y.); (T.O.)
| | - Tong Ou
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Guangqu Road, Beijing 100022, China; (Y.C.); (L.Y.); (T.O.)
| | - Yan Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Guangqu Road, Beijing 100022, China; (Y.C.); (L.Y.); (T.O.)
| | - Sheng Wei
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
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Jaber FA. Quercetin Mitigates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Histopathological Alterations Induced by Chronic Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure in the Rat Spleen. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1718-1729. [PMID: 37584520 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) have become widespread but are accompanied by various health concerns. Quercetin (QT), a naturally occurring flavonoid in fruits and vegetables, exhibits potent antioxidant properties. This research examined the toxic impacts of nano-TiO2 on the structure and function of the spleen in adult male rats and assessed the possible protective effects of QT. A set of randomly grouped rats was established, consisting of a control group, a QT group (50 mg/kg/day), a nano-TiO2 group (300 mg/kg/day), and a QT-nano-TiO2 group. These substances were orally administered to the respective groups for 90 days. Nano-TiO2 significantly induced oxidative stress in the spleen, leading to reduced levels of serum immunoglobulins. Additionally, there was a notable increase in the expression of apoptotic markers and proinflammatory cytokines. These biochemical disturbances were accompanied by morphological changes in the spleens of rats exposed to nano-TiO2. However, coadministration of QT and nano-TiO2 effectively mitigated most nano-TiO2-induced alterations in the spleen, including apoptotic and proinflammatory responses, antioxidant imbalance, serum immunoglobulin levels, and histopathological changes. It can be concluded that QT has the potential to function as a protective agent against the detrimental impacts of nano-TiO2 on the spleen by improving the antioxidant defense mechanism and modulating the apoptotic and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Sun N, Zhang X, Liang C, Liu H, Zhi Y, Fang J, Wang H, Yu Z, Jia X. Genotoxicity assessment of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a standard battery of in vivo assays. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:497-510. [PMID: 37840287 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2265467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
As one representative of nanometal oxides, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have been widely used, particularly in the food industry. The genotoxicity of TiO2-NPs has attracted great attention over the years. This study was undertaken to investigate the chromosome and DNA damage effects of TiO2-NPs (0, 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg BW) using rodent models. After a comprehensive characterization, we conducted a standard battery of in vivo genotoxicity tests, including the chromosomal aberration test (CA), micronucleus (MN) test, and the comet test. The results of all these tests were negative. There were no structural or numerical chromosomal abnormalities in mice bone marrow cells, no increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice bone marrow cells, and no elevation in % tail DNA in rat hepatocytes. This indicated that TiO2-NPs did not cause chromosomal damage or have a direct impact on DNA. These findings suggested that TiO2-NPs did not exhibit genotoxicity and provided valuable data for risk assessment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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Nalika N, Waseem M, Kaushik P, Salman M, Andrabi SS, Parvez S. Role of melatonin and quercetin as countermeasures to the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Life Sci 2023:121403. [PMID: 36669677 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Due to the growing commercialization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs), it is necessary to use these particles in a manner that is safe, healthy and environmental friendly. Through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, it has been discovered that TNPs have a harmful effect on the brain. The aim of this study is to provide valuable insights into the possible mechanisms of TNPs induced mitochondrial dysfunction in brain and its amelioration by nutraceuticals, quercetin (QR) and melatonin (Mel) in in vitro and in vivo conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole brain mitochondrial sample was used for in-vitro evaluation. Pre-treatment of QR (30 μM) and Mel (100 μM) at 25 °C for 1 h was given prior to TNPs (50 μg/ml) exposure. For in-vivo study, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I was control and group II was exposed to TNPs (5 mg/kg b.wt., i.v.). QR (5 mg/kg b.wt.) and Mel (5 mg/kg b.wt.) were given orally as pre-treatment in groups III and IV, respectively. Biochemical parameters, neurobehavioural paradigms, mitochondrial respiration, neuronal architecture assessment were assessed. KEY FINDINGS QR and Mel restored the mitochondrial oxidative stress biomarkers in both the studies. Additionally, these nutraceuticals resuscitated the neurobehavioural alterations and restored the neuronal architecture alterations in TNPs exposed rats. The mitochondrial dysfunction induced by TNPs was also ameliorated by QR and Mel by protecting the mitochondrial complex activity and mitochondrial respiration rate. SIGNIFICANCE Results of the study demonstrated that QR and Mel ameliorated mitochondrial mediated neurotoxic effects induced by TNPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Nalika
- Department of Toxicology, School of Life and Chemical Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Toxicology, School of Life and Chemical Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Life and Chemical Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Mohd Salman
- Department of Toxicology, School of Life and Chemical Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Life and Chemical Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Life and Chemical Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India.
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Chang H, Li L, Deng Y, Song G, Wang Y. Protective effects of lycopene on TiO 2 nanoparticle-induced damage in the liver of mice. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:913-928. [PMID: 36632672 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2 ) is one of the most widely used and produced nanomaterials. Studies have demonstrated that nano-TiO2 could induce hepatotoxicity through oxidative stress, and lycopene has strong antioxidant capacity. The present study aimed to explore if lycopene protects the liver of mice from nano-TiO2 damage. Ninety-six ICR mice were randomly divided into eight groups. They were control group, nano-TiO2 -treated group (50 mg/kg BW), lycopene-treated groups (5, 20, and 40 mg/kg BW), and 50 mg/kg BW nano-TiO2 - and lycopene-co-treated groups (nano-TiO2 + 5 mg/kg BW of lycopene, nano-TiO2 + 20 mg/kg BW of lycopene, nano-TiO2 + 40 mg/kg BW of lycopene). After treated by gavage for 30 days, the histopathology of the liver was observed. Liver function was evaluated using changes in serum biochemical indicators of the liver (AST, ALT, ALP); and the level of ROS was indirectly reflected by the level of SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, GSH, and T-AOC. TUNEL assay was performed to examine the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Proteins of p53, cleaved-caspase 9, cleaved-caspase 3, Bcl-2, and Bax as well as p38 were detected. Results showed that lycopene alleviated the liver pathological damage and reduced the injury to liver function induced by nano-TiO2 , as well as decreased nano-TiO2 -induced ROS. Meanwhile, lycopene mitigated apoptosis resulting from nano-TiO2 , accompanied by the reversed expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, lycopene significantly reversed the upregulation of p-p38 induced by nano-TiO2 . In conclusion, this study demonstrated that nano-TiO2 resulted in hepatocyte apoptosis through ROS/ROS-p38 MAPK pathway and led to liver function injury. Lycopene protected mice liver against the hepatotoxicity of nano-TiO2 through antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Shiyan centers for disease control and prevention, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Guanling Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
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9
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A weight of evidence review of the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 136:105263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Shi J, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Chen Z, Jia G. Long Non-Coding RNA Expression Profile Alteration Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in HepG2 Cells. TOXICS 2022; 10:724. [PMID: 36548557 PMCID: PMC9785481 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The liver is considered the major target organ affected by oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), but the mechanism of hepatotoxicity is not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of TiO2 NPs on the expression profile of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in hepatocytes and tried to understand the potential mechanism of hepatotoxicity through bioinformatics analysis. The human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were treated with TiO2 NPs at doses of 0-200 μg/mL for 48 h and then RNA sequencing was implemented. The differential lncRNAs between the control and TiO2 NPs-treated groups were screened, then the lncRNA-mRNA network and enrichment pathways were analyzed via multivariate statistics. As a result, 46,759 lncRNAs were identified and 129 differential lncRNAs were screened out. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the targeted mRNAs of those differential lncRNAs were enriched in the Hedgehog signaling pathway, Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, and Glutamatergic synapse. Moreover, two lncRNA-mRNA networks, including lncRNA NONHSAT256380.1-JRK and lncRNA NONHSAT173563.1-SMIM22, were verified by mRNA detection. This study demonstrated that an alteration in the lncRNA expression profile could be induced by TiO2 NPs and epigenetics may play an important role in the mechanism of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Rolo D, Assunção R, Ventura C, Alvito P, Gonçalves L, Martins C, Bettencourt A, Jordan P, Vital N, Pereira J, Pinto F, Matos P, Silva MJ, Louro H. Adverse Outcome Pathways Associated with the Ingestion of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles-A Systematic Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193275. [PMID: 36234403 PMCID: PMC9565478 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used, and humans are exposed through food (E171), cosmetics (e.g., toothpaste), and pharmaceuticals. The oral and gastrointestinal (GIT) tract are the first contact sites, but it may be systemically distributed. However, a robust adverse outcome pathway (AOP) has not been developed upon GIT exposure to TiO2-NPs. The aim of this review was to provide an integrative analysis of the published data on cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered after the ingestion of TiO2-NPs, proposing plausible AOPs that may drive policy decisions. A systematic review according to Prisma Methodology was performed in three databases of peer-reviewed literature: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 787 records were identified, screened in title/abstract, being 185 used for data extraction. The main endpoints identified were oxidative stress, cytotoxicity/apoptosis/cell death, inflammation, cellular and systemic uptake, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. From the results, AOPs were proposed where colorectal cancer, liver injury, reproductive toxicity, cardiac and kidney damage, as well as hematological effects stand out as possible adverse outcomes. The recent transgenerational studies also point to concerns with regard to population effects. Overall, the findings further support a limitation of the use of TiO2-NPs in food, announced by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Rolo
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Assunção
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- IUEM, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Célia Ventura
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alvito
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lídia Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Jordan
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nádia Vital
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Pereira
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Pinto
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Xiong P, Huang X, Ye N, Lu Q, Zhang G, Peng S, Wang H, Liu Y. Cytotoxicity of Metal-Based Nanoparticles: From Mechanisms and Methods of Evaluation to Pathological Manifestations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106049. [PMID: 35343105 PMCID: PMC9165481 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly important tools in tissue engineering-, drug carrier-, interventional therapy-, and biobased technologies. However, their complex and varied migration and transformation pathways, as well as their continuous accumulation in closed biological systems, cause various unpredictable toxic effects that threaten human and ecosystem health. Considerable experimental and theoretical efforts have been made toward understanding these cytotoxic effects, though more research on metal-based NPs integrated with clinical medicine is required. This review summarizes the mechanisms and evaluation methods of cytotoxicity and provides an in-depth analysis of the typical effects generated in the nervous, immune, reproductive, and genetic systems. In addition, the challenges and opportunities are discussed to enhance future investigations on safer metal-based NPs for practical commercial adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizheng Xiong
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Xiangming Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxi Province530023P. R. China
| | - Naijing Ye
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Qunwen Lu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Shunlin Peng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Institute of Smart City and Intelligent TransportationSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611700P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu610072P. R. China
- Department of BiophysicsSchool of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610054P. R. China
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13
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Ali SA, Gooda SM, Aboul Naser AF, Younis EA, Hamed MA, Ahmed YR, Farghaly AA, Khalil WKB, Rizk MZ. Chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage and biochemical disturbances induced by silver nanoparticles in mice: Role of particle size and natural compounds treatment. Biomarkers 2022; 27:349-360. [PMID: 35254184 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2046856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nanotechnology is widely used nowadays in several fields of industry, engineering, and medicine, the biological action mechanisms of AgNPs, which mainly involve the release of silver ions (Ag+), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). OBJECTIVE The potential toxicity AgNPs of damages to hepatic cells, hesperidin, and naringin role for their protective effect against the increase of ROS due to AgNPs toxicity. They can be restored, most cellular biochemical parameters, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and histopathological analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Toxicity was induced by an oral dose of Ag NPs of (20-100 nm) for one month, after that treated with hesperidin, naringin (100 mg/kg) for three weeks, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) and catalase were estimated. Also, aminotransferases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), albumin, and total bilirubin were determined, following Chromosomal aberrations, DNA breaks and histological analyses. RESULTS hesperidin, and naringin treatment, recorded amelioration in most biochemical, genetic and spermatogenesis disturbances Also, histological Investigations were improved. CONCLUSION Their biological safety problems such as potential toxicity on cells, tissue, and organs should be paid enough attention, hesperidin and naringin amelioration fundamental alterations, as hepatic architectural and DNA damage, related to its role as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A Ali
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samar M Gooda
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Aboul Naser
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman A Younis
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yomna R Ahmed
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Farghaly
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre (NRC), El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt on National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Z Rizk
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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14
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de Oliveira Mallia J, Galea R, Nag R, Cummins E, Gatt R, Valdramidis V. Nanoparticle Food Applications and Their Toxicity: Current Trends and Needs in Risk Assessment Strategies. J Food Prot 2022; 85:355-372. [PMID: 34614149 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nanotechnology has developed into one of the most groundbreaking scientific fields in the last few decades because it exploits the enhanced reactivity of materials at the atomic scale. The current classification of nanoparticles (NPs) used in foods is outlined in relation to the production and physicochemical characteristics. This review aims to concisely present the most popular and widely used inorganic and organic NPs in food industries. Considering that the toxicity of NPs is often associated with chemical reactivity, a series of in vitro toxicity studies are also summarized, integrating information on the type of NP studies and reported specifications, type of cells used, exposure conditions, and assessed end points. The important role of the digestive system in the absorption and distribution of nanoformulated foods within the body and how this affects the resultant cytotoxicity. Examples of how NPs and their accumulation within different organs are presented in relation to the consumption of specific foods. Finally, the role of developing human health risk assessments to characterize both the potential impact of the hazard and the likelihood or level of human exposure is outlined. Uncertainties exist around risk and exposure assessments of NPs due to limited information on several aspects, including toxicity, behavior, and bioaccumulation. Overall, this review presents current trends and needs for future assessments in toxicity evaluation to ensure the safe application of NPs in the food industry. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson de Oliveira Mallia
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Russell Galea
- Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rajat Nag
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Enda Cummins
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ruben Gatt
- Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta; and
| | - Vasilis Valdramidis
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta; and
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15
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Thwala MM, Afantitis A, Papadiamantis AG, Tsoumanis A, Melagraki G, Dlamini LN, Ouma CNM, Ramasami P, Harris R, Puzyn T, Sanabria N, Lynch I, Gulumian M. Using the Isalos platform to develop a (Q)SAR model that predicts metal oxide toxicity utilizing facet-based electronic, image analysis-based, and periodic table derived properties as descriptors. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEngineered nanoparticles (NPs) are being studied for their potential to harm humans and the environment. Biological activity, toxicity, physicochemical properties, fate, and transport of NPs must all be evaluated and/or predicted. In this work, we explored the influence of metal oxide nanoparticle facets on their toxicity towards bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B), Murine myeloid (RAW 264.7), and E. coli cell lines. To estimate the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles grown to a low facet index, a quantitative structure–activity relationship ((Q)SAR) approach was used. The novel model employs theoretical (density functional theory calculations) and experimental studies (transmission electron microscopy images from which several particle descriptors are extracted and toxicity data extracted from the literature) to investigate the properties of faceted metal oxides, which are then utilized to construct a toxicity model. The classification mode of the k-nearest neighbour algorithm (EnaloskNN, Enalos Chem/Nanoinformatics) was used to create the presented model for metal oxide cytotoxicity. Four descriptors were identified as significant: core size, chemical potential, enthalpy of formation, and electronegativity count of metal oxides. The relationship between these descriptors and metal oxide facets is discussed to provide insights into the relative toxicities of the nanoparticle. The model and the underpinning dataset are freely available on the NanoSolveIT project cloud platform and the NanoPharos database, respectively.
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16
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Naima R, Imen M, Mustapha J, Hafedh A, Kamel K, Mohsen S, Salem A. Acute titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure impaired spatial cognitive performance through neurotoxic and oxidative mechanisms in Wistar rats. Biomarkers 2021; 26:760-769. [PMID: 34704879 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1999501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are used in many commercial products. However, their effects on human and animal organism remained to be clarified. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the effects of TiO2-NPs on the behavioural performance, monoamine neurotransmitters and oxidative stress in the rat brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were injected intravenously with a single dose of TiO2-NPs (20 mg/kg body weight) and were subjected to cognitive and emotional tests using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. RESULTS Cognitive capacity as well as the emotional reactivity were significantly disrupted, in TiO2-NPs-administered rats compared to control group. These behavioural effects were correlated with changes in brain neurotransmitter contents reflected by a significant increase in dopamine and a decrease in serotonin levels. TiO2-NPs also induced oxidative stress in the brain manifested by increased levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde, associated with antioxidant enzymes activities disturbance, in particular, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Moreover, TiO2-NPs administration caused histological damages in the brain tissue with abundant lymphocytic clusters, capillary dilations, vascular congestion and oedema. CONCLUSIONS Acute intravenous injection of TiO2-NPs impaired behaviour performances through brain biochemical and structural changes and precautions should be taken to their usage in food additive and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihane Naima
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Mrad Imen
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Jeljeli Mustapha
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
- Human Sciences Institute, University El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmalek Hafedh
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Kacem Kamel
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Sakly Mohsen
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Amara Salem
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Humanities, Shaqra University, Afif, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Gomes SIL, Amorim MJB, Pokhrel S, Mädler L, Fasano M, Chiavazzo E, Asinari P, Jänes J, Tämm K, Burk J, Scott-Fordsmand JJ. Machine learning and materials modelling interpretation of in vivo toxicological response to TiO 2 nanoparticles library (UV and non-UV exposure). NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14666-14678. [PMID: 34533558 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the risks of nanomaterials/nanoparticles (NMs/NPs) under various environmental conditions requires a more systematic approach, including the comparison of effects across many NMs with identified different but related characters/descriptors. Hence, there is an urgent need to provide coherent (eco)toxicological datasets containing comprehensive toxicity information relating to a diverse spectra of NPs characters. These datasets are test benches for developing holistic methodologies with broader applicability. In the present study we assessed the effects of a custom design Fe-doped TiO2 NPs library, using the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta), via a 5-day pulse via aqueous exposure followed by a 21-days recovery period in soil (survival, reproduction assessment). Obviously, when testing TiO2, realistic conditions should include UV exposure. The 11 Fe-TiO2 library contains NPs of size range between 5-27 nm with varying %Fe (enabling the photoactivation of TiO2 at energy wavelengths in the visible-light range). The NPs were each described by 122 descriptors, being a mixture of measured and atomistic model descriptors. The data were explored using single and univariate statistical methods, combined with machine learning and multiscale modelling techniques. An iterative pruning process was adopted for identifying automatically the most significant descriptors. TiO2 NPs toxicity decreased when combined with UV. Notably, the short-term water exposure induced lasting biological responses even after longer-term recovery in clean exposure. The correspondence with Fe-content correlated with the band-gap hence the reduction of UV oxidative stress. The inclusion of both measured and modelled materials data benefitted the explanation of the results, when combined with machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I L Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matteo Fasano
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Eliodoro Chiavazzo
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Pietro Asinari
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
- INRIM, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Jaak Jänes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Kaido Tämm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Burk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
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18
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Liu S, Tang Y, Chen B, Zhao Y, Aguilar ZP, Tao X, Xu H. Inhibition of testosterone synthesis induced by oral TiO 2 NPs is associated with ROS-MAPK(ERK1/2)-StAR signaling pathway in SD rat. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:937-946. [PMID: 34484685 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been widely used in food, medical, and other fields; their reproductive toxicity has been reported in numerous studies. However, the relevant toxicity mechanism still requires further exploration. In this paper, the effect of oral exposure to 500 mg/kg TiO2 NPs (anatase and rutile) in adult male SD rats was studied over 3 and 7 days. Results showed that the total sperm count and testosterone level of 7 days of exposure in serum decreased in the experimental group. Testicular tissue lesions, such as disappearance of Leydig cells, disorder of arrangement of spermatogenic cells in the lumen of convoluted seminiferous tubules, and disorder of arrangement of germ cells, were observed. Meanwhile, the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR; the key factors of testosterone synthesis), MAPK (ERK1/2), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 in testes of SD rats after exposure to TiO2 NPs for 7 days decreased, while the malondialdehyde content increased and superoxide dismutase activity decreased in serum. The present study showed that TiO2 NPs could cause reproductive toxicity. Notably, anatase is more toxic than rutile. In addition, exposure to 500 mg/kg TiO2 NPs for 7 days inhibited testosterone synthesis in male rat, which may be related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-MAPK (ERK1/2)-StAR signal pathway. Warning that the use of TiO2 NPs should be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yizhou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bolu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | | | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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19
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Moreira L, Costa C, Pires J, Teixeira JP, Fraga S. How can exposure to engineered nanomaterials influence our epigenetic code? A review of the mechanisms and molecular targets. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108385. [PMID: 34893164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that engineered nanomaterials (ENM) can induce epigenetic modifications. In this review, we provide an overview of the epigenetic modulation of gene expression induced by ENM used in a variety of applications: titanium dioxide (TiO2), silver (Ag), gold (Au), silica (SiO2) nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterials (CNM). Exposure to these ENM can trigger alterations in cell patterns of DNA methylation, post-transcriptional histone modifications and expression of non-coding RNA. Such effects are dependent on ENM dose and physicochemical properties including size, shape and surface chemistry, as well as on the cell/organism sensitivity. The genes affected are mostly involved in the regulation of the epigenetic machinery itself, as well as in apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair and inflammation related pathways, whose long-term alterations might lead to the onset or progression of certain pathologies. In addition, some DNA methylation patterns may be retained as a form of epigenetic memory. Prenatal exposure to ENM may impair the normal development of the offspring by transplacental effects and/or putative transmission of epimutations in imprinting genes. Thus, understanding the impact of ENM on the epigenome is of paramount importance and epigenetic evaluation must be considered when assessing the risk of ENM to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Moreira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Costa
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pires
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wölfle D, Corsini E, Cubadda F, De Groot D, FitzGerald R, Gunnare S, Gutleb AC, Mast J, Mortensen A, Oomen A, Piersma A, Plichta V, Ulbrich B, Van Loveren H, Benford D, Bignami M, Bolognesi C, Crebelli R, Dusinska M, Marcon F, Nielsen E, Schlatter J, Vleminckx C, Barmaz S, Carfí M, Civitella C, Giarola A, Rincon AM, Serafimova R, Smeraldi C, Tarazona J, Tard A, Wright M. Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06585. [PMID: 33976718 PMCID: PMC8101360 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present opinion deals with an updated safety assessment of the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171) based on new relevant scientific evidence considered by the Panel to be reliable, including data obtained with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and data from an extended one-generation reproductive toxicity (EOGRT) study. Less than 50% of constituent particles by number in E 171 have a minimum external dimension < 100 nm. In addition, the Panel noted that constituent particles < 30 nm amounted to less than 1% of particles by number. The Panel therefore considered that studies with TiO2 NPs < 30 nm were of limited relevance to the safety assessment of E 171. The Panel concluded that although gastrointestinal absorption of TiO2 particles is low, they may accumulate in the body. Studies on general and organ toxicity did not indicate adverse effects with either E 171 up to a dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day or with TiO2 NPs (> 30 nm) up to the highest dose tested of 100 mg/kg bw per day. No effects on reproductive and developmental toxicity were observed up to a dose of 1,000 mg E 171/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested in the EOGRT study. However, observations of potential immunotoxicity and inflammation with E 171 and potential neurotoxicity with TiO2 NPs, together with the potential induction of aberrant crypt foci with E 171, may indicate adverse effects. With respect to genotoxicity, the Panel concluded that TiO2 particles have the potential to induce DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damage, but not gene mutations. No clear correlation was observed between the physico-chemical properties of TiO2 particles and the outcome of either in vitro or in vivo genotoxicity assays. A concern for genotoxicity of TiO2 particles that may be present in E 171 could therefore not be ruled out. Several modes of action for the genotoxicity may operate in parallel and the relative contributions of different molecular mechanisms elicited by TiO2 particles are not known. There was uncertainty as to whether a threshold mode of action could be assumed. In addition, a cut-off value for TiO2 particle size with respect to genotoxicity could not be identified. No appropriately designed study was available to investigate the potential carcinogenic effects of TiO2 NPs. Based on all the evidence available, a concern for genotoxicity could not be ruled out, and given the many uncertainties, the Panel concluded that E 171 can no longer be considered as safe when used as a food additive.
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21
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Bischoff NS, de Kok TM, Sijm DT, van Breda SG, Briedé JJ, Castenmiller JJ, Opperhuizen A, Chirino YI, Dirven H, Gott D, Houdeau E, Oomen AG, Poulsen M, Rogler G, van Loveren H. Possible Adverse Effects of Food Additive E171 (Titanium Dioxide) Related to Particle Specific Human Toxicity, Including the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010207. [PMID: 33379217 PMCID: PMC7795714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used as a food additive (E171) and can be found in sauces, icings, and chewing gums, as well as in personal care products such as toothpaste and pharmaceutical tablets. Along with the ubiquitous presence of TiO2 and recent insights into its potentially hazardous properties, there are concerns about its application in commercially available products. Especially the nano-sized particle fraction (<100 nm) of TiO2 warrants a more detailed evaluation of potential adverse health effects after ingestion. A workshop organized by the Dutch Office for Risk Assessment and Research (BuRO) identified uncertainties and knowledge gaps regarding the gastrointestinal absorption of TiO2, its distribution, the potential for accumulation, and induction of adverse health effects such as inflammation, DNA damage, and tumor promotion. This review aims to identify and evaluate recent toxicological studies on food-grade TiO2 and nano-sized TiO2 in ex-vivo, in-vitro, and in-vivo experiments along the gastrointestinal route, and to postulate an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) following ingestion. Additionally, this review summarizes recommendations and outcomes of the expert meeting held by the BuRO in 2018, in order to contribute to the hazard identification and risk assessment process of ingested TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaj S. Bischoff
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.M.d.K.); (D.T.H.M.S.); (S.G.v.B.); (J.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.M.d.K.); (D.T.H.M.S.); (S.G.v.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Dick T.H.M. Sijm
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.M.d.K.); (D.T.H.M.S.); (S.G.v.B.); (J.J.B.)
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.J.M.C.); (A.O.); (H.v.L.)
| | - Simone G. van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.M.d.K.); (D.T.H.M.S.); (S.G.v.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Jacco J. Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.M.d.K.); (D.T.H.M.S.); (S.G.v.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Jacqueline J.M. Castenmiller
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.J.M.C.); (A.O.); (H.v.L.)
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.J.M.C.); (A.O.); (H.v.L.)
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico;
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway;
| | - David Gott
- Food Standard Agency, London SW1H9EX, UK;
| | - Eric Houdeau
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 75338 Paris, France;
| | - Agnes G. Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Morten Poulsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.J.M.C.); (A.O.); (H.v.L.)
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Papadiamantis AG, Jänes J, Voyiatzis E, Sikk L, Burk J, Burk P, Tsoumanis A, Ha MK, Yoon TH, Valsami-Jones E, Lynch I, Melagraki G, Tämm K, Afantitis A. Predicting Cytotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles using Isalos Analytics Platform. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2017. [PMID: 33066094 PMCID: PMC7601995 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A literature curated dataset containing 24 distinct metal oxide (MexOy) nanoparticles (NPs), including 15 physicochemical, structural and assay-related descriptors, was enriched with 62 atomistic computational descriptors and exploited to produce a robust and validated in silico model for prediction of NP cytotoxicity. The model can be used to predict the cytotoxicity (cell viability) of MexOy NPs based on the colorimetric lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and the luminometric adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay, both of which quantify irreversible cell membrane damage. Out of the 77 total descriptors used, 7 were identified as being significant for induction of cytotoxicity by MexOy NPs. These were NP core size, hydrodynamic size, assay type, exposure dose, the energy of the MexOy conduction band (EC), the coordination number of the metal atoms on the NP surface (Avg. C.N. Me atoms surface) and the average force vector surface normal component of all metal atoms (v⟂ Me atoms surface). The significance and effect of these descriptors is discussed to demonstrate their direct correlation with cytotoxicity. The produced model has been made publicly available by the Horizon 2020 (H2020) NanoSolveIT project and will be added to the project's Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios G. Papadiamantis
- NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1065, Cyprus; (A.G.P.); (E.V.); (A.T.)
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.V.-J.); (I.L.)
| | - Jaak Jänes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.J.); (L.S.); (J.B.); (P.B.)
| | | | - Lauri Sikk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.J.); (L.S.); (J.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Jaanus Burk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.J.); (L.S.); (J.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Peeter Burk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.J.); (L.S.); (J.B.); (P.B.)
| | | | - My Kieu Ha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (M.K.H.); (T.H.Y.)
| | - Tae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (M.K.H.); (T.H.Y.)
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.V.-J.); (I.L.)
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.V.-J.); (I.L.)
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- Division of Physical Sciences and Applications, Hellenic Military Academy, 16672 Vari, Greece;
| | - Kaido Tämm
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.J.); (L.S.); (J.B.); (P.B.)
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23
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Yao L, Tang Y, Chen B, Hong W, Xu X, Liu Y, Aguilar ZP, Xu H. Oral exposure of titanium oxide nanoparticles induce ileum physical barrier dysfunction via Th1/Th2 imbalance. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:982-990. [PMID: 32333507 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to evaluate the adverse effects and the mechanism of intestinal barrier caused by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). Here, the effects of two different dosages (300 and 1200 mg/kg) of TiO2 NPs on female mice (n = 5) were investigated. After 28-day oral exposure, the results of Ti content were significantly increased in the ileum in comparison with the control. The histopathological structure index of the ileum was significantly changed after TiO2 NPs exposure; villi height and crypt depth were decreased and increased, respectively. Meanwhile, TiO2 NPs treatment also significantly altered the transcription levels of genes. First, the GATA-3 and STAT-4 were upregulation and downregulation, respectively. Second, gene expressions of the Zonula Occludens-1, claudin (CLDN)-12, occludin, and myosin light chain kinase were significantly upregulated, while the CLDN-3 was decreased. Finally, the caspase-3, caspase-9, and caspase-12 were upregulated. The results of TUNEL staining indicated apoptosis in the ileum. In general, TiO2 NPs treatment significantly changed the intestine physical barrier in a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity of TiO2 NPs could be through the imbalance in the Th1/Th2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yizhou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bolu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wuding Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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24
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Ali SA, Arafa AF, Aly HF, Ibrahim NA, Kadry MO, Abdel-Megeed RM, Hamed MA, Farghaly AA, El Regal NS, Fouad GI, Khalil WKB, Refaat EA. DNA damage and genetic aberration induced via different sized silver nanoparticles: Therapeutic approaches of Casimiroa edulis and Glycosmis pentaphylla leaves extracts. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13398. [PMID: 32754950 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Potential of Casimiroa edulis and Glycosmis pentaphylla leaves extracts were investigated against the effect of two different particle sizes of silver nanoparticles induced toxicity in mice. Mice received silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (100 mg/kg) with 20 and 100 nm for four weeks followed by daily oral dose of extracts (500 mg/kg) for three weeks. C. edulis leaves identified fourteen phenolic compounds while, G. pentaphylla leaves identified, twelve phenolic compounds. Additionally, biochemical, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and histopathological investigations were carried out, revealed that liver function activities, lipid profile, hydrogen peroxide, and C-reactive protein were significantly elevate post AgNPs exposure. While, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferases, and glutathione peroxidase significantly reduce. A marked amelioration in all detected biomarkers, improved histopathological changes and repair DNA damage after treated with C. edulis and G. pentaphylla leaves extracts. These extracts are used for the first time as promising candidate therapeutic agents against toxicity induced by AgNPs. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The potential applications of AgNPs make it necessary to investigate the possible toxicity associated with release of free silver ions in the biological system. AgNPs of varying particle sizes had toxic effects as evidenced by alterations in some cellular biochemical parameters, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and histopathological indices on mice. Casimiroa edulis and Glycosmis pentaphylla leaves extracts are used for the first time as promising candidate therapeutic, where they are able to ameliorate the toxicity induced via AgNPs and record vacillate percentage of improvement in the selected biomarkers, as a result of the bioactive secondary metabolites especially flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A Ali
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza F Arafa
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan F Aly
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nabaweya A Ibrahim
- Departments of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai O Kadry
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Abdel-Megeed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Farghaly
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nagy S El Regal
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada I Fouad
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Esraa A Refaat
- Departments of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
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25
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Zhang S, Jiang X, Cheng S, Fan J, Qin X, Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Qiu Y, Qiu J, Zou Z, Chen C. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles via oral exposure leads to adverse disturbance of gut microecology and locomotor activity in adult mice. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1173-1190. [PMID: 32162007 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) have been widely used as food additives in daily life. However, the impact of oral intake of TiO2NPs on the nervous system is largely unknown. In this study, 7-week-old mice were treated with either vehicle or TiO2NPs suspension solution at 150 mg/kg by intragastric administration for 30 days. Our results demonstrated that oral exposure to TiO2NPs resulted in aberrant excitement of enteric neurons, although unapparent pathological changes were observed in gut. We also found the richness and evenness of gut microbiota were remarkably decreased and the gut microbial community compositions were significantly changed in the TiO2NP-treated group as compared with vehicle controls. Interestingly, oral exposure to TiO2NPs was capable to induce the inhibitory effects on locomotor activity, but it did not lead to significant change on the spatial learning and memory ability. We further revealed the mechanism that TiO2NPs could specifically cause locomotor dysfunction by elevating the excitement of enteric neuron, which might spread to brain via gut-brain communication by vagal pathway. However, inflammation response, enteric neurotransmitter 5-HT and major gut peptides might not be involved in this pathological process. Together, these findings provide valuable insights into the novel mechanism of TiO2NP-induced neurotoxicity. Understanding the microbiota-gut-brain axis will provide the foundation for potential therapeutic or prevention approaches against TiO2NP-induced gut and brain-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchuan Fan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Dongsheng Lung-Brain Diseases Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Dongsheng Lung-Brain Diseases Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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