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Khan SA, Alsulami MN, Alsehimi AA, Alzahrani MS, Mosule DA, Albohiri HH. Beta vulgaris Betalains Mitigate Parasitemia and Brain Oxidative Stress Induced by Plasmodium berghei in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1064. [PMID: 39204168 PMCID: PMC11357596 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Although many drugs have been discovered to treat malaria infection, many of them face resistance from the host's body with long-term use. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the activity of betalains (from Beta vulgaris) and chloroquine (a reference drug) against brain oxidative stress induced by Plasmodium berghei in male mice. Two protocols were applied in this study: the therapeutic and prophylactic protocols. The results of the therapeutic protocol revealed a significant decrease in the level of parasitemia caused by P. berghei. Additionally, the histopathological changes in various brain regions were markedly improved after treatment with betalains. Regarding the prophylactic protocol, betalains were able to protect the brain tissues from oxidative stress, inflammation, and disrupted neurotransmitters expected to occur as a result of infection by P. berghei. This was demonstrated by modulating the activities of brain antioxidants (SOD and GSH), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, and INF-γ), and neurotransmitters (serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine). This study has proven that using betalains as a treatment or as a preventive has a vital and effective role in confronting the brain histopathological, oxidative stress, and inflammatory changes induced by P. berghei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A. Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.K.); (M.N.A.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Muslimah N. Alsulami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.K.); (M.N.A.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Atif A. Alsehimi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Majed S. Alzahrani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Dina A. Mosule
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.K.); (M.N.A.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Haleema H. Albohiri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.K.); (M.N.A.); (D.A.M.)
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2
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Reis R, Dhawle R, Girard R, Frontistis Z, Mantzavinos D, de Witte P, Cabooter D, Du Pasquier D. Electrochemical degradation of diclofenac generates unexpected thyroidogenic transformation products: Implications for environmental risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134458. [PMID: 38703679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is an environmentally persistent, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with thyroid disrupting properties. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (eAOPs) can efficiently remove NSAIDs from wastewater. However, eAOPs can generate transformation products (TPs) with unknown chemical and biological characteristics. In this study, DCF was electrochemically degraded using a boron-doped diamond anode. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze the TPs of DCF and elucidate its potential degradation pathways. The biological impact of DCF and its TPs was evaluated using the Xenopus Eleutheroembryo Thyroid Assay, employing a transgenic amphibian model to assess thyroid axis activity. As DCF degradation progressed, in vivo thyroid activity transitioned from anti-thyroid in non-treated samples to pro-thyroid in intermediately treated samples, implying the emergence of thyroid-active TPs with distinct modes of action compared to DCF. Molecular docking analysis revealed that certain TPs bind to the thyroid receptor, potentially triggering thyroid hormone-like responses. Moreover, acute toxicity occurred in intermediately degraded samples, indicating the generation of TPs exhibiting higher toxicity than DCF. Both acute toxicity and thyroid effects were mitigated with a prolonged degradation time. This study highlights the importance of integrating in vivo bioassays in the environmental risk assessment of novel degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Dhawle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Romain Girard
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani GR-50132, Greece
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - David Du Pasquier
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
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3
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Abd Elrazik NA, Helmy SA. Betanin protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the NLRP3/IL-1β/TGF-β1 pathway-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Food Funct 2024; 15:284-294. [PMID: 38083874 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03464j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a life-threatening disease that leads to dyspnea and progressive loss of lung function. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of betanin (BET), the major pigment in red beetroot, on pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM) in rats and to assess the underlying mechanisms. In this view, total and differential cell counts and LDH activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were estimated. Furthermore, MDA and GSH contents in the lungs were colorimetrically measured, while hydroxyproline, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, TGF-β1, and vimentin levels in lung tissue were evaluated using the ELISA technique. Moreover, IL-1β, E-cadherin, and α-SMA expressions were analyzed by immunostaining of lung specimens. BET treatment protects against pulmonary fibrosis as indicated by the reduction in total and differential cell counts, LDH activity, hydroxyproline, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and TGF-β1 levels. MDA content was also decreased following BET administration, while GSH content was elevated. Additionally, BET suppressed the EMT process as evidenced by an increase in E-cadherin expression besides the reduction in vimentin and α-SMA expressions. To conclude, these results revealed the protective effect of BET against pulmonary fibrosis that might be attributed to the attenuation of the NLRP3/IL-1β/TGF-β1 signaling pathway and EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesma A Abd Elrazik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Sahar A Helmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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4
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ElSayed MH, Atif HM, Eladl MA, Elaidy SM, Helaly AMN, Hisham FA, Farag NE, Osman NMS, Ibrahiem AT, Khella HWZ, Bilasy SE, Albalawi MA, Helal MA, Alzlaiq WA, Zaitone SA. Betanin improves motor function and alleviates experimental Parkinsonism via downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway: Molecular docking and biological investigations. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114917. [PMID: 37244180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neuroinflammatory and degenerative disease. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective action of betanin in the rotenone-induced Parkinson-like mice model. Twenty-eight adult male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups: Vehicle, Rotenone, Rotenone + Betanin 50 mg/kg, and Rotenone + Betanin 100 mg/kg. Parkinsonism was induced by subcutaneous injection of 9 doses of rotenone (1 mg/kg/48 h) plus betanin at 50 and 100 mg/kg/48 h in rotenone + betanin groups for twenty days. Motor dysfunction was assessed after the end of the therapeutic period using the pole, rotarod, open-field, grid, and cylinder tests. Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response-88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa- B (NF-κB), neuronal degeneration in the striatum were evaluated. In addition, we assessed the immunohistochemical densities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in Str and in substantia nigra compacta (SNpc). Our results showed that rotenone remarkably decreased (results of tests), increased decreased TH density with a significant increase in MDA, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and a decrease in GSH (p < 0.05). Treatment with betanin significantly results of tests), increased TH density. Furthermore, betanin significantly downregulated malondialdehyde and improved GSH. Additionally, the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB was significantly alleviated. Betanin's powerful antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties can be related to its neuroprotective potential as well as its ability to delay or prevent neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H ElSayed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Huda M Atif
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samah M Elaidy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M N Helaly
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Azzahraa Hisham
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Noha E Farag
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Noura M S Osman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Afaf T Ibrahiem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba W Z Khella
- Department of Clinical Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON M2H 3J1, Canada
| | - Shymaa E Bilasy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; College of Dental Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 Taron Dr., Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | | | - Mohamed A Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12587, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Wafa Ali Alzlaiq
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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5
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Villa-Jaimes GS, Moshage H, Avelar-González FJ, González-Ponce HA, Buist-Homan M, Guevara-Lara F, Sánchez-Alemán E, Martínez-Hernández SL, Ventura-Juárez J, Muñoz-Ortega MH, Martínez-Saldaña MC. Molecular and Antioxidant Characterization of Opuntia robusta Fruit Extract and Its Protective Effect against Diclofenac-Induced Acute Liver Injury in an In Vivo Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010113. [PMID: 36670975 PMCID: PMC9855095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A molecular characterization of the main phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Opuntia robusta (OR) fruit extract was carried out, as well as an evaluation of its hepatoprotective effect against diclofenac (DF)-induced acute liver injury was evaluated. Phenols, flavonoids and betalains were quantified, and antioxidant characterization was performed by means of the ABTS•+, DPPH and FRAP assays. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was used to identify the main biocompounds present in OR fruit extract was carried out via. In the in vivo model, groups of rats were treated prophylactically with the OR fruit extract, betanin and N-acteylcysteine followed by a single dose of DF. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) and relative gene expression of the inducible antioxidant response (Nrf2, Sod2, Hmox1, Nqo1 and Gclc), cell death (Casp3) and DNA repair (Gadd45a) were analyzed. Western blot analysis was performed to measure protein levels of Nrf2 and immunohistochemical analysis was used to assess caspase-3 activity in the experimental groups. In our study, the OR fruit extract showed strong antioxidant and cytoprotective capacity due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as betalain and phenols. We conclude that OR fruit extract or selected components can be used clinically to support patients with acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Stephanie Villa-Jaimes
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fidel Guevara-Lara
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Sánchez-Alemán
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 8, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Aguascalientes 20180, Mexico
| | - Sandra Luz Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Martín Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Ma. Consolación Martínez-Saldaña
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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6
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Martínez-Rodríguez P, Guerrero-Rubio MA, Henarejos-Escudero P, García-Carmona F, Gandía-Herrero F. Health-promoting potential of betalains in vivo and their relevance as functional ingredients: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Sathishkumar P, Mohan K, Meena RAA, Balasubramanian M, Chitra L, Ganesan AR, Palvannan T, Brar SK, Gu FL. Hazardous impact of diclofenac on mammalian system: Mitigation strategy through green remediation approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126135. [PMID: 34157463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic. It is often detected in various environmental sources around the world and is considered as one of the emerging contaminants (ECs). This paper reviews the distribution of diclofenac at high concentrations in diverse environments and its adverse ecological impact. Recent studies observed strong evidence of the hazardous effect of diclofenac on mammals, including humans. Diclofenac could cause gastrointestinal complications, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, genotoxicity, teratogenicity, bone fractures, and skin allergy in mammals even at a low concentration. Collectively, this comprehensive review relates the mode of toxicity, level of exposure, and route of administration as a unique approach for addressing the destructive consequence of diclofenac in mammalian systems. Finally, the mitigation strategy to eradicate the diclofenac toxicity through green remediation is critically discussed. This review will undoubtedly shed light on the toxic effects of pseudo-persistent diclofenac on mammals as well as frame stringent guidelines against its common usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India
| | | | - Murugesan Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Chitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Center, Vadena (BZ), Italy
| | | | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Biological Properties and Applications of Betalains. Molecules 2021; 26:2520. [PMID: 33925891 PMCID: PMC8123435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Betalains are water-soluble pigments present in vacuoles of plants of the order Caryophyllales and in mushrooms of the genera Amanita, Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus. Betalamic acid is a constituent of all betalains. The type of betalamic acid substituent determines the class of betalains. The betacyanins (reddish to violet) contain a cyclo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (cyclo-DOPA) residue while the betaxanthins (yellow to orange) contain different amino acid or amine residues. The most common betacyanin is betanin (Beetroot Red), present in red beets Beta vulgaris, which is a glucoside of betanidin. The structure of this comprehensive review is as follows: Occurrence of Betalains; Structure of Betalains; Spectroscopic and Fluorescent Properties; Stability; Antioxidant Activity; Bioavailability, Health Benefits; Betalains as Food Colorants; Food Safety of Betalains; Other Applications of Betalains; and Environmental Role and Fate of Betalains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Rzeszow University, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Rzeszow University, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Adedara IA, Awogbindin IO, Afolabi BA, Ajayi BO, Rocha JBT, Farombi EO. Hazardous impact of diclofenac exposure on the behavior and antioxidant defense system in Nauphoeta cinerea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115053. [PMID: 32806419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac (DCF) is globally acknowledged to be a threat to the ecosystems. Nauphoeta cinerea is an important insect with valuable ecological role. The present investigation aimed to elucidate the impact of DCF on insects by assessing the behavior and antioxidant defense response in nymphs of N. cinerea exposed to DCF-contaminated food at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μg kg-1 feed for 42 successive days. Subsequent to exposure period, neurobehavioral analysis using video-tracking software in a novel apparatus was performed before estimation of biochemical endpoints in the head, midgut and hemolymph of the insects. Results indicated that DCF-exposed insects exhibited marked reduction in the maximum speed, total distance traveled, mobile episodes, total mobile time, body rotation, absolute turn angle and path efficiency, whereas the total freezing time was increased compared with the control. The diminution in the exploratory activities of DCF-exposed insects was substantiated by heat maps and track plots. Additionally, DCF elicited marked diminution in antioxidant enzyme and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities along with increase in nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in the head, midgut and hemolymph of the insects. Taken together, DCF elicited neurotoxicity and oxido-inflammatory stress in exposed insects. N. cinerea may be a suitable model insect for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in non-target insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Blessing A Afolabi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Babajide O Ajayi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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10
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Krebs Ribeiro DC, Passoni MT, Meldola H, Curi TZ, da Silva GN, Tolouei SEL, Hey GS, Grechi N, dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, Spercoski KM, Ramos ATDA, Martino-Andrade AJ. Prenatal diclofenac exposure delays pubertal development and induces behavioral changes in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:380-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Encarnação T, Palito C, Pais AACC, Valente AJM, Burrows HD. Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water by Free and Imobilised Microalgae. Molecules 2020; 25:E3639. [PMID: 32785138 PMCID: PMC7464271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are released into the environment by domestic, hospital, and pharmaceutical industry wastewaters. Conventional wastewater treatment technology does not guarantee effluents of high quality, and apparently clean water may be loaded with pollutants. In this study, we assess the performance and efficiency of free and immobilised cells of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. in removing four pharmaceuticals, chosen for their occurrence or persistence in the environment. These are paracetamol, ibuprofen, olanzapine and simvastatin. The results showed that free microalgae cells remain alive for a longer time than the immobilised ones, suggesting the inhibition of cell proliferation by the polymeric matrix polyvinyl alcohol. Both cells, free and immobilised, respond differently to each pharmaceutical. The removal of paracetamol and ibuprofen by Nannochloropsis sp., after 24 h of culture, was significantly higher in immobilised cells. Free cells removed a significantly higher concentration of olanzapine than immobilised ones, suggesting a higher affinity to this molecule than to paracetamol and ibuprofen. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of Nannochloropsis sp. free cells for removing olanzapine and Nannochloropsis sp. immobilised cells for removing paracetamol and ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Encarnação
- Centro de Química de Coimbra CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.A.C.C.P.); (A.J.M.V.); (H.D.B.)
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12
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Motawi TK, Ahmed SA, El-Boghdady NA, Metwally NS, Nasr NN. Impact of betanin against paracetamol and diclofenac induced hepato-renal damage in rats. Biomarkers 2019; 25:86-93. [PMID: 31766895 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1697365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Context: Paracetamol (PAR) and diclofenac (DF) are the most popular consumed analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications.Objective: This study aimed to explore the protective effect of betanin (Bet) against PAR or DF induced hepato-renal damage in rats.Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups: Normal control (NC) group rats were given saline only. PAR group rats received PAR (400 mg/kg). PAR/Bet treated group rats administered PAR (400 mg/kg) plus Bet (25 mg/kg). DF group rats received DF (10 mg/kg). DF/Bet treated group rats administered DF (10 mg/kg) plus Bet (25 mg/kg). All drugs were given by gavage for 28 consecutive days.Results: PAR and DF administration in high dose and long-time induced liver and kidney injury, disrupted serum lipid profile, enhanced serum levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, triggered DNA fragmentation and caused drastic changes in the histopathological pictures of the two organs. Bet supplementation succeeded to ameliorate most of the biochemical changes and protected DNA from damage as obtained from comet assay. Histological features in H&E taken to different groups also mirrors this findings.Conclusion: Bet exerted a potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect against hepato-renal damage induced by PAR or DF overconsumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Noha A El-Boghdady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Nadia S Metwally
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Noha N Nasr
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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