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Sanaeifar F, Pourranjbar S, Pourranjbar M, Ramezani S, Mehr SR, Wadan AHS, Khazeifard F. Beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive-behavioral impairments and brain-derived neurotrophic factor alteration in the limbic system induced by neurodegeneration. Exp Gerontol 2024; 195:112539. [PMID: 39116955 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a class of neurological disorders marked by the progressive loss of neurons that afflict millions of people worldwide. These illnesses affect brain connection, impairing memory, cognition, behavior, sensory perception, and motor function. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are examples of common NDDs, which frequently include the buildup of misfolded proteins. Cognitive-behavioral impairments are early markers of neurodevelopmental disorders, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention. Neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are critical for neuron survival and synaptic plasticity, which is required for learning and memory. NDDs have been associated with decreased BDNF levels. Physical exercise, a non-pharmacological intervention, benefits brain health by increasing BDNF levels, lowering cognitive deficits, and slowing brain degradation. Exercise advantages include increased well-being, reduced depression, improved cognitive skills, and neuroprotection by lowering amyloid accumulation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. This study examines the effects of physical exercise on cognitive-behavioral deficits and BDNF levels in the limbic system impacted by neurodegeneration. The findings highlight the necessity of including exercise into NDD treatment to improve brain structure, function, and total BDNF levels. As research advances, exercise is becoming increasingly acknowledged as an important technique for treating cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Sanaeifar
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences andHealth, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Pourranjbar
- Doctor of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pourranjbar
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sana Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Rostami Mehr
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Khazeifard
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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2
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Wang J, Wang Y, Cai X, Xia W, Zhu J. A Review: Visuospatial Dysfunction in Patients with the Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Neuroscience 2024; 552:47-53. [PMID: 38880241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) impairs visuospatial function, and this is one of the most obvious areas of cognitive impairment in CSVD. So, recognizing, monitoring, and treating visuospatial dysfunction are all important to the prognosis of CSVD. This review discussed the anatomical and pathological mechanisms, clinical recognition (scales, imaging, and biomarkers), and treatment of cognitive impairment especially visuospatial dysfunction in CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Youmeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Xiuying Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Juehua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Foxe D, Irish M, Carrick J, Cheung SC, Teng H, Burrell JR, Kessels RPC, Piguet O. Visuospatial working memory in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: a comparative analysis with Alzheimer's disease using the box task. J Neurol 2024; 271:4852-4863. [PMID: 38713393 PMCID: PMC11319587 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the visuospatial working memory profiles of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) using a novel computerised test of visuospatial working memory: the Box Task. METHODS Twenty-eight bvFTD and 28 AD patients, as well as 32 age-matched control participants were recruited. All participants completed the Box Task and conventional neuropsychological tests of working memory, episodic memory, and visuospatial function. RESULTS Both the bvFTD and AD groups exhibited significantly more Box Task between-search errors than the control group across all set sizes. Notably, the AD group demonstrated a significantly higher error rate compared to the bvFTD group. Regression analysis revealed that whilst episodic memory impairment significantly predicted Box Task error performance in AD, this was not the case for bvFTD. Additionally, a noticeable trend was observed for attention in predicting Box Task errors in both bvFTD and AD groups. The Box Task demonstrated high utility in differentiating between bvFTD and AD, with a decision tree correctly classifying 82.1% of bvFTD patients and 75% of AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal significant visuospatial working memory impairments in bvFTD, albeit of lesser severity compared to disease-matched AD patients. The Box Task, a novel measure of visuospatial working memory, proved effective in differentiating between bvFTD and AD, outperforming many traditional neuropsychological measures. Overall, our findings highlight the utility of assessing visuospatial memory when differentiating between bvFTD and AD in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Foxe
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Muireann Irish
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James Carrick
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sau Chi Cheung
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Neuropsychology Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Her Teng
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James R Burrell
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Vincent Van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Chenain L, Riad R, Fraisse N, Jubin C, Morgado G, Youssov K, Lunven M, Bachoud-Levi AC. Graph methods to infer spatial disturbances: Application to Huntington's Disease's speech. Cortex 2024; 176:144-160. [PMID: 38795650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Huntington's Disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the mutation of the Htt gene, impacting all aspects of living and functioning. Among cognitive disabilities, spatial capacities are impaired, but their monitoring remains scarce as limited by lengthy experts' assessments. Language offers an alternative medium to evaluate patients' performance in HD. Yet, its capacities to assess HD's spatial abilities are unknown. Here, we aimed to bring proof-of-concept that HD's spatial deficits can be assessed through speech. METHODS We developed the Spatial Description Model to graphically represent spatial relations described during the Cookie Theft Picture (CTP) task. We increased the sensitivity of our model by using only sentences with spatial terms, unlike previous studies in Alzheimer's disease. 78 carriers of the mutant Htt, including 56 manifest and 22 premanifest individuals, as well as 25 healthy controls were included from the BIOHD & (NCT01412125) & Repair-HD (NCT03119246) cohorts. The convergence and divergence of the model were validated using the SelfCog battery. RESULTS Our Spatial Description Model was the only one among the four assessed approaches, revealing that individuals with manifest HD expressed fewer spatial relations and engaged in less spatial exploration compared to healthy controls. Their graphs correlated with both visuospatial and language SelfCog performances, but not with motor, executive nor memory functions. CONCLUSIONS We provide the proof-of-concept using our Spatial Description Model that language can grasp HD patient's spatial disturbances. By adding spatial capabilities to the panel of functions tested by the language, it paves the way for eventual remote clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Chenain
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 75005 Paris, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, F-94010 Créteil, France; NeurATRIS Créteil, France; ALMAnaCH, INRIA, 75012 Paris, France; Learning Planet Institute, Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Rachid Riad
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 75005 Paris, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, F-94010 Créteil, France; NeurATRIS Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Fraisse
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 75005 Paris, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, F-94010 Créteil, France; NeurATRIS Créteil, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Centre de référence Maladie de Huntington, Service de Neurologie, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Cécilia Jubin
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 75005 Paris, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, F-94010 Créteil, France; NeurATRIS Créteil, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Centre de référence Maladie de Huntington, Service de Neurologie, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Graça Morgado
- Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Katia Youssov
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 75005 Paris, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, F-94010 Créteil, France; NeurATRIS Créteil, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Centre de référence Maladie de Huntington, Service de Neurologie, F-94010 Créteil, France; Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Marine Lunven
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 75005 Paris, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, F-94010 Créteil, France; NeurATRIS Créteil, France.
| | - Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Levi
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 75005 Paris, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, F-94010 Créteil, France; NeurATRIS Créteil, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Centre de référence Maladie de Huntington, Service de Neurologie, F-94010 Créteil, France; Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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Morrone JM, Pedlar CR. Selective cortical adaptations associated with neural efficiency in visuospatial tasks - the comparison of electroencephalographic profiles of expert and novice artists. Neuropsychologia 2024; 198:108854. [PMID: 38493826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Visuospatial cognition encapsulates an individual's ability to efficiently navigate and make sense of the multimodal cues from their surroundings, and therefore has been linked to expert performance across multiple domains, including sports, performing arts, and highly skilled tasks, such as drawing (Morrone and Minini, 2023). As neural efficiency posits a task-specific functional reorganization facilitated by long-term training, the present study employs a visuospatial construction task as a means of investigating the neurophysiological adaptations associated with expert visuospatial cognitive performance. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data acquisitions were used to evaluate the event-related changes (ER%) and statistical topographic maps of nine expert versus nine novice artists. The expert artists displayed overall higher global ER% compared to the novices within task-active intervals. Significant increases in relative ER% were found in the theta (t (10) = 3.528, p = 0.003, CI = [27.3,120.9]), lower-alpha (t (10) = 3.751, p = 0.002, CI = [28.2,110.5]), upper-alpha (t (10) = 3.829, p = 0.002, CI = [50.2,189.8]), and low beta (t (10) = 4.342, p < 0.001, CI = [37.0,114.9]) frequency bands, when comparing the experts to the novice participants. These results were particularly found in the frontal (t (14) = 2.014, p = 0.032, CI = [7.7,245.4]) and occipital (t (14) = 2.647, p = 0.010, CI = [45.0,429.7]) regions. Further, a significant decrease in alpha ER% from lower to upper activity (t (8) = 4.475, p = 0.001, CI = [21.0, 65.8]) was found across cortical regions in the novice group. Notably, greater deviation between lower and upper-alpha activity was found across scalp locations in the novice group, compared to the experts. Overall, the findings demonstrate potential local and global EEG-based indices of selective cortical adaptations within a task requiring a high degree of visuospatial cognition, although further work is needed to replicate these findings across other domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin M Morrone
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health, and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health, and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
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Chen KF, Chueh TY, Hung TM. Differences in visuospatial cognition among table tennis players of different skill levels: an event-related potential study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17295. [PMID: 38827290 PMCID: PMC11144390 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the influence of sport skill levels on behavioural and neuroelectric performance in visuospatial attention and memory visuospatial tasks were administered to 54 participants, including 18 elite and 18 amateur table tennis players and 18 nonathletes, while event-related potentials were recorded. In all the visuospatial attention and memory conditions, table tennis players displayed faster reaction times than nonathletes, regardless of skill level, although there was no difference in accuracy between groups. In addition, regardless of task conditions, both player groups had a greater P3 amplitude than nonathletes, and elite players exhibited a greater P3 amplitude than amateurs players. The results of this study indicate that table tennis players, irrespective of their skill level, exhibit enhanced visuospatial capabilities. Notably, athletes at the elite level appear to benefit from an augmented allocation of attentional resources when engaging in visuospatial tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chueh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jakimovski D, Dorn RP, Regno MD, Bartnik A, Bergsland N, Ramanathan M, Dwyer MG, Benedict RHB, Zivadinov R, Szigeti K. Human restricted CHRFAM7A gene increases brain efficiency. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1359028. [PMID: 38711941 PMCID: PMC11070550 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1359028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction CHRFAM7A, a uniquely human fusion gene, has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, anxiety, and attention deficit disorder. Understanding the physiological function of CHRFAM7A in the human brain is the first step to uncovering its role in disease. CHRFAM7A was identified as a potent modulator of intracellular calcium and an upstream regulator of Rac1 leading to actin cytoskeleton reorganization and a switch from filopodia to lamellipodia implicating a more efficient neuronal structure. We performed a neurocognitive-MRI correlation exploratory study on 46 normal human subjects to explore the effect of CHRFAM7A on human brain. Methods Dual locus specific genotyping of CHRFAM7A was performed on genomic DNA to determine copy number (TaqMan assay) and orientation (capillary sequencing) of the CHRFAM7A alleles. As only the direct allele is expressed at the protein level and affects α7 nAChR function, direct allele carriers and non-carriers are compared for neuropsychological and MRI measures. Subjects underwent neuropsychological testing to measure motor (Timed 25-foot walk test, 9-hole peg test), cognitive processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test), Learning and memory (California Verbal Learning Test immediate and delayed recall, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised immediate and delayed recall) and Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen, Fatigue Severity Scale. All subjects underwent MRI scanning on the same 3 T GE scanner using the same protocol. Global and tissue-specific volumes were determined using validated cross-sectional algorithms including FSL's Structural Image Evaluation, using Normalization, of Atrophy (SIENAX) and FSL's Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST) on lesion-inpainted images. The cognitive tests were age and years of education-adjusted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Age-adjusted analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed on the MRI data. Results CHRFAM7A direct allele carrier and non-carrier groups included 33 and 13 individuals, respectively. Demographic variables (age and years of education) were comparable. CHRFAM7A direct allele carriers demonstrated an upward shift in cognitive performance including cognitive processing speed, learning and memory, reaching statistical significance in visual immediate recall (FDR corrected p = 0.018). The shift in cognitive performance was associated with smaller whole brain volume (uncorrected p = 0.046) and lower connectivity by resting state functional MRI in the visual network (FDR corrected p = 0.027) accentuating the cognitive findings. Conclusion These data suggest that direct allele carriers harbor a more efficient brain consistent with the cellular biology of actin cytoskeleton and synaptic gain of function. Further larger human studies of cognitive measures correlated with MRI and functional imaging are needed to decipher the impact of CHRFAM7A on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Jakimovski
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ryu P. Dorn
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Megan Del Regno
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Alexander Bartnik
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Murali Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Michael G. Dwyer
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ralph H. B. Benedict
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kinga Szigeti
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Mayne P, Das J, Zou S, Sullivan RKP, Burne THJ. Perineuronal nets are associated with decision making under conditions of uncertainty in female but not male mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114845. [PMID: 38184206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Biological sex influences decision-making processes in significant ways, differentiating the responses animals choose when faced with a range of stimuli. The neurobiological underpinnings that dictate sex differences in decision-making tasks remains an important open question, yet single-sex studies of males form most studies in behavioural neuroscience. Here we used female and male BALB/c mice on two spatial learning and memory tasks and examined the expression of perineuronal nets (PNNs) and parvalbumin interneurons (PV) in regions correlated with spatial memory. Mice underwent the aversive active place avoidance (APA) task or the appetitive trial-unique nonmatching-to-location (TUNL) touchscreen task. Mice in the APA cohort learnt to avoid the foot-shock and no differences were observed on key measures of the task nor in the number and intensity of PNNs and PV. On the delay but not separation manipulation in the TUNL task, females received more incorrect trials and less correct trials compared to males. Furthermore, females in this cohort exhibited higher intensity PNNs and PV cells in the agranular and granular retrosplenial cortex, compared to males. These data show that female and male mice perform similarly on spatial learning tasks. However, sex differences in neural circuitry may underly differences in making decisions under conditions of uncertainty on an appetitive task. These data emphasise the importance of using mice of both sexes in studies of decision-making neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Mayne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joyosmita Das
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Simin Zou
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert K P Sullivan
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia.
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Shin N, Rodrigue KM, Yuan M, Kennedy KM. Geospatial environmental complexity, spatial brain volume, and spatial behavior across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12551. [PMID: 38390561 PMCID: PMC10883241 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding impact of environmental properties on Alzheimer's disease (AD) is paramount. Spatial complexity of one's routinely navigated environment is an important but understudied factor. METHODS A total of 660 older adults from National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) dataset were geolocated and environmental complexity index derived from geospatial network landmarks and points-of-interest. Latent models tested mediation of spatial navigation-relevant brain volumes and diagnosis (cognitively-healthy, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], AD) on effect of environmental complexity on spatial behavior. RESULTS Greater environmental complexity was selectively associated with larger allocentric (but not egocentric) navigation-related brain volumes, lesser diagnosis of MCI and AD, and better spatial behavioral performance, through indirect hierarchical mediation. DISCUSSION Findings support hypothesis that spatially complex environments positively impact navigation neural circuitry and spatial behavior function. Given the vulnerability of these very circuits to AD pathology, residing in spatially complex environments may be one factor to help stave off the brain atrophy that accompanies spatial navigation deficits across the AD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naewoo Shin
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas Dallas Texas USA
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas Dallas Texas USA
| | - May Yuan
- Department of Geospatial Information Sciences, School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas Dallas Texas USA
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Thammachat K, Songkhla SN, Aniwattanapong D, Suriyaamarit D. Reliability and minimal detectable change of nonlinear analysis measure of postural control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Gait Posture 2024; 107:152-154. [PMID: 37321920 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating quiet stance under various conditions using nonlinear analysis may be an effective method of measuring postural control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, no studies have examined the reliability of using sample entropy (SampEn) in older adults with MCI. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the within- and between-session reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of a nonlinear analysis measure of postural control during quiet stance in older adults with MCI? METHODS Fourteen older adults with MCI performed static standing under four conditions, and the center of pressure signal was calculated and applied to SampEn nonlinear analysis. The within- and between-session reliability and MDC were explored. RESULTS Within-session reliability was found to be fair to good and excellent (ICC = 0.527-0.960), and between-session reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.795-0.979). MDC values were less than 0.15. SIGNIFICANCE The between-session reliability of SampEn in all conditions demonstrates SampEn's stable performance. This method may be useful in assessing postural control in older adults with MCI, and MDC values may be helpful in detecting subtle changes in patient performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khantamat Thammachat
- Human Movement Performance Enhancement Research Unit, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Sawit Na Songkhla
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Daruj Aniwattanapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand; Chulalongkorn Cognitive, Clinical & Computational Neuroscience Lab, Chula Neuroscience Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Suriyaamarit
- Human Movement Performance Enhancement Research Unit, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
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11
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Neerhut T, Shin BNH, Rhee H, Chung E. A review of the objective cognitive function measurements in males receiving hormonal therapy for prostate cancer. Investig Clin Urol 2023; 64:521-540. [PMID: 37932563 PMCID: PMC10630686 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PC) is more common in the older population and the use of hormonal therapy in PC can increase medical frailty and cognitive decline. This narrative review examines the impact of androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) and next-generational hormonal therapies (NGHT) on cognitive function outcomes amongst patients with hormone-sensitive or castrate-resistant PC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six electronic databases were searched from January 2000 to June 2022 for quantitative studies to evaluate the impacts of hormonal therapies (ADT, combined androgen blockade, and NGHT) on cognitive functions in men with PC. RESULTS Of the 36 studies identified, 20 studies reported no effect of hormonal therapies on any cognitive domain while 16 studies found possible declines in at least one domain. The domains assessed were highly variable and objective assessment measurements were not standardized or widely adopted. While the results have been inconsistent, a relationship between declining androgen levels and poorer performances in the visuospatial and visual memory domains has been highlighted. It was not possible to distinguish the degree of cognitive parameter changes between the populations of hormone-sensitive and castrate-resistant PC. CONCLUSIONS While the exact impact of ADT and NGHT on cognitive function in men with PC remains controversial, appropriate care should be undertaken especially in older and frail individuals, specifically in those with progressive or established visuospatial or visual memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neerhut
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Ng Hung Shin
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Handoo Rhee
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric Chung
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- AndroUrology Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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12
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Czarnolewski MY. Everyday Spatial Behavioral Questionnaire 11 Component Model. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37844191 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2267711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The present work builds on prior research to develop the Everyday Spatial Behavioral Questionnaire (ESBQ or EBQ), a measure of self-reported difficulty in performing familiar activities that involve spatial thinking. A principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were employed to identify reliable categories of everyday spatial behaviors. A test of measurement invariance was employed across two independent samples of college students to validate an 11-Component Model as a representation of the ESBQ. The model met criteria necessary to represent a strong model in terms of the ESBQ having the same structure and meaning in both samples. Both samples had eight of the 11 sub-scales with Cronbach alphas greater than .7, while for five of these eight sub-scales Cronbach alphas were greater than .8. Alphas were lower in the second sample than the first. The scales require construct and criterion-related validity assessment.
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13
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Fiamingo G, Capittini C, De Silvestri A, Rebuffi C, Cerami C, Arnaldi D, Terzaghi M. Neuropsychological evaluation of phenoconversion risk in REM sleep behaviour disorder: A scoping review. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13873. [PMID: 36958793 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the role of cognitive evaluation in the prediction of phenoconversion in polysomnography-confirmed idiopathic or isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, through a scoping review focussing on a longitudinal comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. A literature search (2006-2022) yielded 1034 records, and 20 were selected for analysis. The sample included 899 patients from eight different cohorts and five countries. We extracted data on clinical evolution, mild cognitive impairment diagnosis, neuropsychological tests used, and classification of cognitive domains. Tests, cognitive domains, and mild cognitive impairment definitions were heterogeneous across the studies, precluding a meta-analysis. Ten studies (50%) evaluated the presence of mild cognitive impairment; 14 studies (70%) grouped neuropsychological tests into between three (6 studies, 21.4%) and seven (1 study, 7.1%) cognitive domains. The most frequently used tests were semantic fluency, Stroop colour word test, trail making test A and B, digit span, Rey auditory verbal learning test, and Rey-Osterrieth figure. All except digit span showed a role in predicting phenoconversion. The authors did not consistently assign tests to specific cognitive domains. In conclusion, we discuss methodological differences between the studies and highlight the need for a standardised framework for neuropsychological data acquisition and presentation, based on a multilevel approach covering test selection, domain assignment, and mild cognitive impairment diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fiamingo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Capittini
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, Scientific Direction, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, Scientific Direction, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cerami
- Scuola Universitaria di Studi Superiori IUSS, Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Terzaghi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, IRCSS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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14
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Nieto-Escamez F, Obrero-Gaitán E, Cortés-Pérez I. Visual Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1173. [PMID: 37626529 PMCID: PMC10452537 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) include ocular, visuoperceptive, and visuospatial impairments, which can occur as a result of the underlying neurodegenerative process. Ocular impairments can affect various aspects of vision and eye movement. Thus, patients can show dry eyes, blepharospasm, reduced blink rate, saccadic eye movement abnormalities, smooth pursuit deficits, and impaired voluntary and reflexive eye movements. Furthermore, visuoperceptive impairments affect the ability to perceive and recognize visual stimuli accurately, including impaired contrast sensitivity and reduced visual acuity, color discrimination, and object recognition. Visuospatial impairments are also remarkable, including difficulties perceiving and interpreting spatial relationships between objects and difficulties judging distances or navigating through the environment. Moreover, PD patients can present visuospatial attention problems, with difficulties attending to visual stimuli in a spatially organized manner. Moreover, PD patients also show perceptual disturbances affecting their ability to interpret and determine meaning from visual stimuli. And, for instance, visual hallucinations are common in PD patients. Nevertheless, the neurobiological bases of visual-related disorders in PD are complex and not fully understood. This review intends to provide a comprehensive description of visual disturbances in PD, from sensory to perceptual alterations, addressing their neuroanatomical, functional, and neurochemical correlates. Structural changes, particularly in posterior cortical regions, are described, as well as functional alterations, both in cortical and subcortical regions, which are shown in relation to specific neuropsychological results. Similarly, although the involvement of different neurotransmitter systems is controversial, data about neurochemical alterations related to visual impairments are presented, especially dopaminergic, cholinergic, and serotoninergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Nieto-Escamez
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Center for Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation (CERNEP), 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Esteban Obrero-Gaitán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain;
| | - Irene Cortés-Pérez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain;
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15
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Antonioni A, Raho EM, Lopriore P, Pace AP, Latino RR, Assogna M, Mancuso M, Gragnaniello D, Granieri E, Pugliatti M, Di Lorenzo F, Koch G. Frontotemporal Dementia, Where Do We Stand? A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11732. [PMID: 37511491 PMCID: PMC10380352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease of growing interest, since it accounts for up to 10% of middle-age-onset dementias and entails a social, economic, and emotional burden for the patients and caregivers. It is characterised by a (at least initially) selective degeneration of the frontal and/or temporal lobe, generally leading to behavioural alterations, speech disorders, and psychiatric symptoms. Despite the recent advances, given its extreme heterogeneity, an overview that can bring together all the data currently available is still lacking. Here, we aim to provide a state of the art on the pathogenesis of this disease, starting with established findings and integrating them with more recent ones. In particular, advances in the genetics field will be examined, assessing them in relation to both the clinical manifestations and histopathological findings, as well as considering the link with other diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Furthermore, the current diagnostic criteria will be explored, including neuroimaging methods, nuclear medicine investigations, and biomarkers on biological fluids. Of note, the promising information provided by neurophysiological investigations, i.e., electroencephalography and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, concerning the alterations in brain networks and neurotransmitter systems will be reviewed. Finally, current and experimental therapies will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Antonioni
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maria Raho
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piervito Lopriore
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonia Pia Pace
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Raffaela Rita Latino
- Complex Structure of Neurology, Emergency Department, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Martina Assogna
- Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gragnaniello
- Nuerology Unit, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Lorenzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Iit@Unife Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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16
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Kaczmarska M. Valuing embodiment: insights from dance practice among people living with dementia. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1174157. [PMID: 37342779 PMCID: PMC10277497 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1174157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation for the ability of person-centered arts-based approaches to extend multiple domains of brain health of people living with dementia. Dance is a multi-modal artistic engagement which has positive impacts on cognition, mobility and the emotional and social aspects of brain health. Although research into multiple domains of brain health among older adults and people living with dementia is promising, several gaps remain, specifically in understanding the benefits of co-creative and improvisational dance practices. Collaborative research between dancers, researchers, people living with dementia and care partners is needed to design and evaluate future research on dance and to determine relevance and usability. Furthermore, the respective praxes and experience of researchers, dance artists and people living with dementia contribute distinctly and uniquely to the identification and the assignment of value to dance in the context of the lives of people living with dementia. In this manuscript the author, a community-based dance artist, creative aging advocate and Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, discusses current challenges and gaps in the understanding of the value of dance for and with people living with dementia and how transdisciplinary collaboration between neuroscientists, dance artists and people living with dementia can advance collective comprehension and implementation of dance practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Kaczmarska
- Global Brain Health Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Foundation Dementia Action Alliance Poland, Sopot, Poland
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17
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Morrone J, Minini L. The Interlinking of Alpha Waves and Visuospatial Cognition in Motor-Based Domains. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105152. [PMID: 37011777 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The manner in which we perceive and respond in accordance to the world is encompassed by our ability to process multimodal input stimuli. In other words, in order to perform any task, especially at a high degree of proficiency, high dependence is placed upon our ability to interact with, interpret, and visualize input stimuli from our environment, known as visuospatial cognition (Chueh et al., 2017). This article will explore and encapsulate the importance of visuospatial cognition, in terms of the link it has with the performance of tasks in various fields, such as artistry, musical performance, and athleticism. Alpha wave investigation will be discussed as a means of both identifying and characterizing the degree of performance within these domains. Findings from this investigation may be used as a modality to optimize performance in the explored domains (e.g., with Neurofeedback techniques). The limitations of using Electroencephalography (EEG) to support the enhancement of this task performance and the recommendations to elicit further research, will also be explored.
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18
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Spatial Disorientation Under Dark Conditions Across Development in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2023; 511:53-69. [PMID: 36587866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with hippocampal neuropathology and cognitive impairments, including wandering behavior or becoming lost in a familiar environment. Wandering behavior is severe and manifests early in life for people with specific genetic mutations. Genetic mouse models of AD have been developed to characterize the onset and progression of behavioral deficits that represent human behaviors, such as wandering, to test the efficacy of therapeutics. It is not clear if current assessments of mouse models capture the onset of AD or a snapshot of its progression. Sequential analysis of open field behavior provides a robust, quick test to dissociate navigation cues that contribute to spatial disorientation, a feature of wandering. Despite potential utility in evaluating this feature of AD, little work has been reported using animal models of dementia in this task. Thus, we examined the use of different sources of information to maintain spatial orientation at two prodromal ages in female transgenic CRND8 AD (n = 17) and Control mice (n = 16). These mice exhibit amyloid plaques, a hallmark neuropathological feature of AD, that are associated with cognitive dysfunction at ∼three months of age. Spatial disorientation was observed at two months and more severely at four months under dark conditions, but performance was spared when visual environmental cues were available. This study provides documentation of impaired self-movement cue processing in AD mice, establishing the dark open field as a behavioral tool to characterize spatial disorientation associated with AD. These findings may accelerate future assessments of novel therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders.
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19
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Holden SK, Bettcher BM, Filley CM, Lopez-Paniagua D, Pelak VS. Posterior white matter integrity and self-reported posterior cortical symptoms using the Colorado Posterior Cortical Questionnaire. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1072938. [PMID: 36816576 PMCID: PMC9929951 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1072938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Colorado Posterior Cortical Questionnaire (CPC-Q) is a self-report, 15-item screening questionnaire for posterior cortical symptoms, including visuospatial and visuoperceptual difficulties. Changes in white matter connectivity may precede obvious gray matter atrophy in neurodegenerative conditions, especially posterior cortical atrophy. Integration of CPC-Q scores and measures of white matter integrity could contribute to earlier detection of posterior cortical syndromes. Methods We investigated the relationships between posterior cortical symptoms as captured by the CPC-Q and diffusion tensor imaging fractional anisotropy (DTI FA) of white matter regions of interest localized to posterior brain regions (posterior thalamic radiations, splenium of corpus callosum, tapetum). Comparisons were also made by diagnostic group [healthy older adult (n = 31), amnestic Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 18), and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA, n = 9)] and by SENAS battery visuospatial composite score quartile. Exploratory comparisons of all available individual white matter region DTI FA to CPC-Q, as well as comparisons of DTI FA between diagnostic groups and visuospatial quartiles, were also made. Results CPC-Q score was correlated with the average DTI FA for the averaged posterior white matter regions of interest (r = -0.31, p = 0.02). Posterior thalamic radiation DTI FA was most strongly associated with CPC-Q (r = -0.34, p = 0.01) and visuospatial composite (r = 0.58, p < 0.01) scores and differed between the PCA and AD groups and the lower and higher visuospatial quartiles. The DTI FA of body and splenium of the corpus callosum also demonstrated this pattern but not the DTI FA of the tapetum. Conclusion The integrity of posterior white matter tracts is associated with scores on the CPC-Q, adding to the validation evidence for this new questionnaire. White matter regions that may be related to posterior cortical symptoms detected by the CPC-Q, and distinct from those affected in amnestic syndromes, include the posterior thalamic radiations and body and splenium of the corpus callosum. These findings are in line with previous neuroimaging studies of PCA and support continued research on white matter in posterior cortical dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Holden
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Samantha K. Holden ✉
| | - Brianne M. Bettcher
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher M. Filley
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Marcus Institute for Brain Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dan Lopez-Paniagua
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Victoria S. Pelak
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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20
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Driving Ability Evaluation and Rehabilitation for People With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:374-381. [PMID: 35984740 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, it is estimated that around 50 million older adults have Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Cognitive deficits associated with ADRD may affect a driver's perception and decision-making and potentially cause safety concerns. Despite much research, there lacks a comprehensive cognitive evaluation to determine the driving capability of a person with ADRD and it is unclear what are the most effective training and interventions that help to enhance driving performance for these individuals. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comprehensive literature survey to review and summarize studies of driving performance evaluation and intervention for people with ADRD and discuss perspectives for future studies. Although many studies have investigated the correlations between driving behaviors and cognitive performances for people with ADRD, it remains unclear how driving behaviors and cognitive performances are associated with psychophysiological measures. We discussed the need to develop regular driving evaluation and rehabilitation protocol for people with ADRD. We also highlighted the potential benefit to combine driving tests with psychophysiological measures to assist in characterizing personalized cognitive evaluation in the behavioral evaluation process.
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21
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Holden SK, Pelak VS, Sooy T, Heffernan KS, McConnell BV, Pressman PS, Bettcher BM. Development of the Colorado posterior cortical questionnaire within an Alzheimer's disease study cohort. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:226-236. [PMID: 35913095 PMCID: PMC9420807 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-amnestic presentations of neurodegenerative dementias, including posterior- and visual-predominant cognitive forms, are under-recognized. Specific screening measures for posterior cortical symptoms could allow for earlier, more accurate diagnosis and directed treatment. METHODS Based on clinical experience with posterior cortical atrophy evaluations, high-yield screening questions were collected and organized into a 15-item self-report questionnaire, titled the Colorado Posterior Cortical Questionnaire (CPC-Q). The CPC-Q was then piloted within a longitudinal cohort of cognitive aging, including 63 older adults, including healthy older adults (n = 33) and adults with either amnestic Alzheimer's disease (n = 21) or posterior cortical atrophy (PCA, n = 9). RESULTS The CPC-Q demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties (internal consistency, α = 0.89; mean item-total correlation = 0.62), correlated strongly with visuospatial measures on cognitive testing (p < 0.001), and could distinguish PCA from non-PCA groups (p < 0.001; AUC 0.95 (95% CI 0.88, 1.0)). CONCLUSIONS The CPC-Q captured posterior cortical symptoms in older adults, using a gold standard of expert consensus PCA diagnosis. Future studies will validate the CPC-Q in a larger cohort, with recruitment of additional PCA participants, to evaluate its convergent and discriminant validity more thoroughly. As a short, self-report tool, the CPC-Q demonstrates potential to improve detection of non-amnestic neurodegenerative dementias in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Holden
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Victoria S Pelak
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Trevor Sooy
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kate S Heffernan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory Laney Graduate School, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brice V McConnell
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter S Pressman
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brianne M Bettcher
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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22
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Shabha G, Edwards DJ, Gaines K, Laycok P. Toward an Integrated Context-Based Design Approach for Dementia Residential Care Homes: A Review of Key Operational Design Problems. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2022; 15:323-342. [PMID: 35833917 DOI: 10.1177/19375867221100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES, PURPOSE, OR AIM This article seeks to develop a context-based management system focusing on assessing key operational and design problems and affecting wayfinding in dementia residential care homes. BACKGROUND Dementia is multifaceted neurocognitive impairments largely attributed to cognitive deterioration manifested in memory loss and visuospatial deficit which have wider practical implications to both environmental safety and wayfinding and navigation of dementia user. Two key questions were addressed in this context: (1) How can cognitively facilitating assistive technology (AT) be made more user-focused to mitigate the impacts of cognitive impairments on environmental safety and wayfinding? (2) How can design intervention and changes in design topology, colors and texture, and internal finishing aid wayfinding, navigation, and orientation in dementia residential care homes? METHOD A systematic literature review and analysis was undertaken to assess the efficacy of key cognitively-related AT to support activities of daily living and environmental safety of dementia sufferers in a care home and aid wayfinding, navigation, and orientation. RESULTS Several key design variables to facilitate wayfinding and spatial orientation were identified which include design topology, floor finishing, signposting, and use of color and texture strengthened by meaning, emotional connection to places and cognitively focused intervention via memory cueing and objects-centered recognition. CONCLUSIONS Key operational and design guidelines were proposed to assist built environment, care home developers, clinicians and healthcare professionals, and care services providers. There is a need to move toward a dementia-centered design to address the challenges facing people living with dementia in care homes. This should be based on the interrelated behavioral, cognitive, and communication factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasson Shabha
- School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David J Edwards
- School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kristi Gaines
- Department of Design, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Paul Laycok
- School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Foxe D, Hu A, Cheung SC, Ahmed RM, Cordato NJ, Devenney E, Hwang YT, Halliday GM, Mueller N, Leyton CE, Hodges JR, Burrell JR, Irish M, Piguet O. Utility of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III online calculator to differentiate the primary progressive aphasia variants. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac161. [PMID: 35912134 PMCID: PMC9336588 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III is a brief cognitive screening tool that is widely used for the detection and monitoring of dementia. Recent findings suggest that the three variants of primary progressive aphasia can be distinguished based on their distinct profiles on the five subdomain scores of this test. Here, we investigated the utility of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III to differentiate the primary progressive aphasia variants based on their item-by-item performance profiles on this test. From these results, we created an interactive primary progressive aphasia Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III calculator which predicts the variant based on a patient’s unique item-by-item profile. Twenty-eight logopenic variant, 25 non-fluent variant and 37 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia patients and 104 healthy controls completed the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III at first clinical presentation. Multinomial regression analyses were conducted to establish performance profiles among groups, and R Shiny from RStudio was used to create the interactive Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III diagnostic calculator. To verify its accuracy, probability values of the regression model were derived based on a 5-fold cross-validation of cases. The calculator’s accuracy was then verified in an independent sample of 17 logopenic, 19 non-fluent and 13 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia patients and 68 Alzheimer’s disease patients who had completed the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (or an older version of this test: Revised) and had in vivo amyloid-PET imaging and/or brain autopsy pathological confirmation. Cross-validation of cases in the calculator model revealed different rates of sensitivity in classifying variants: semantic = 100%, non-fluent = 80.6% and logopenic = 79.9%; healthy controls were distinguished from primary progressive aphasia patients with 100% sensitivity. Verification of in vivo amyloid and/or autopsy-confirmed patients showed that the calculator correctly classified 10/13 (77%) semantic variant, 3/19 (16%) non-fluent variant and 4/17 (24%) logopenic variant patients. Importantly, for patients who were not classified, diagnostic probability values mostly pointed toward the correct clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, misclassified diagnoses of the primary progressive aphasia cohort were rare (1/49; 2%). Although 22 of the 68 Alzheimer’s disease patients (32%) were misclassified with primary progressive aphasia, 19/22 were misclassified with the logopenic variant (i.e. falling within the same neuropathological entity). The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III primary progressive aphasia diagnostic calculator demonstrates sound accuracy in differentiating the variants based on an item-by-item Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III profile. This calculator represents a new frontier in using data-driven approaches to differentiate the primary progressive aphasia variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Foxe
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney , 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
| | - A Hu
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - S C Cheung
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney , 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
| | - R M Ahmed
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - N J Cordato
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
- St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2217 , Australia
- The Department of Aged Care, St George Hospital , Sydney, NSW 2217 , Australia
- Calvary Health Care Kogarah, Calvary Community Health , Sydney, NSW 2217 , Australia
| | - E Devenney
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Y T Hwang
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - G M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - N Mueller
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - C E Leyton
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney , 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
| | - J R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
| | - J R Burrell
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2139 , Australia
| | - M Irish
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney , 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
| | - O Piguet
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney , 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW 2006 , Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2050 , Australia
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Lafora Disease and Alpha-Synucleinopathy in Two Adult Free-Ranging Moose (Alces alces) Presenting with Signs of Blindness and Circling. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131633. [PMID: 35804532 PMCID: PMC9264765 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reports of behavioral signs, such as blindness and circling in free-ranging moose from different parts of the world, have spurred comprehensive pathological investigation to find the causes of the disease that have clinical relevance. In this case study, brains collected from two adult free-ranging moose (Alces alces) cows that were seemingly blind and found walking in circles were examined by light and electron microscopy with further ancillary testing. Here, we report for the first time Lafora disease and alpha-synucleinopathy in two wild free-ranging moose cows who presented with abnormal behavior and blindness, with similar neuronal polyglucosan body (PGB) accumulations identified in humans and other animals. Microscopic analysis of the hippocampus of brain revealed inclusion bodies resembling PGBs (Lafora disease) in the neurons with ultrastructural findings of aggregates of branching filaments, consistent with polyglucosan bodies. Furthermore, α-synuclein immunopositivity was noted in the hippocampus, with accumulations of small granules ultrastructurally distinct from PGBs and morphologically compatible with alpha-synucleinopathy (Lewy body). The apparent blindness found in these moose could be related to an injury associated with secondary bacterial invasion; however, an accumulation of neurotoxicants (PGBs and α-synucleins) in retinal ganglion cells could also be the cause. Lafora disease and alpha-synucleinopathy were considered in the differential diagnosis of the young adult moose who presented with signs of blindness and behavioral signs such as circling. Abstract Lafora disease is an autosomal recessive glycogen-storage disorder resulting from an accumulation of toxic polyglucosan bodies (PGBs) in the central nervous system, which causes behavioral and neurologic symptoms in humans and other animals. In this case study, brains collected from two young adult free-ranging moose (Alces alces) cows that were seemingly blind and found walking in circles were examined by light and electron microscopy. Microscopic analysis of the hippocampus of the brain revealed inclusion bodies resembling PGBs in the neuronal perikaryon, neuronal processes, and neuropil. These round inclusions measuring up to 30 microns in diameter were predominantly confined to the hippocampus region of the brain in both animals. The inclusions tested α-synuclein-negative by immunohistochemistry, α-synuclein-positive with PAS, GMS, and Bielschowsky’s staining; and diastase-resistant with central basophilic cores and faintly radiating peripheral lines. Ultrastructural examination of the affected areas of the hippocampus showed non-membrane-bound aggregates of asymmetrically branching filaments that bifurcated regularly, consistent with PGBs in both animals. Additionally, α-synuclein immunopositivity was noted in the different regions of the hippocampus with accumulations of small granules ultrastructurally distinct from PGBs and morphologically compatible with alpha-synucleinopathy (Lewy body). The apparent blindness found in these moose could be related to an injury associated with secondary bacterial invasion; however, an accumulation of neurotoxicants (PGBs and α-synuclein) in retinal ganglions cells could also be the cause. This is the first report demonstrating Lafora disease with concurrent alpha-synucleinopathy (Lewy body neuropathy) in a non-domesticated animal.
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Polet K, Hesse S, Morisot A, Kullmann B, Louchart de la Chapelle S, Pesce A, Iakimova G. Eye-gaze Strategies During Facial Emotion Recognition in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Links With Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cogn Behav Neurol 2022; 35:14-31. [PMID: 35239596 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial emotion recognition (FER) is primarily and severely impaired in individuals with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and is often mildy impaired in individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) or Parkinson disease (PD). Such impairment is associated with inappropriate social behaviors. OBJECTIVE To determine whether FER impairment is linked to the use of inappropriate eye-gaze strategies to decode facial emotions, leading to misinterpretation of others' intentions and then to behavioral disorders. METHOD We assessed FER in 9 individuals with bvFTD, 23 with AD, and 20 with PD, as well as 22 healthy controls (HC), using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RME) Test and the Ekman Faces Test. Eye movements (number and duration of fixations) were recorded with an eye-tracking device. Behavior was assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. RESULTS FER was mildly impaired in the AD and PD groups and severely impaired in the bvFTD group. FER impairment was accompanied by an increase in the number of fixations and a more attracted gaze toward the lower part of one's face. FER impairment and an increase in the number of fixations were positively correlated with behavioral disorders. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated a link between FER impairment, modification of eye-gaze strategies during the observation of emotional faces, and behavioral disorders in individuals with bvFTD and those with AD or PD. These results suggest that an eye-gaze strategy rehabilitation program could have beneficial effects on emotion recognition and behavioral disorders in individuals with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Polet
- Clinical Research Unit-Memory Clinic Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
| | - Solange Hesse
- Clinical Research Unit-Memory Clinic Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
| | - Adeline Morisot
- Clinical Research Unit-Memory Clinic Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
- Public Health Department, Nice Côte d'Azur University, University Hospital Center of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Benoît Kullmann
- Clinical Research Unit-Memory Clinic Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
- Bibliographic Research Association for Neurosciences, Nice, France
| | | | - Alain Pesce
- Clinical Research Unit-Memory Clinic Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
| | - Galina Iakimova
- Laboratory of Clinical, Cognitive, and Social Anthropology and Psychology, Nice Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
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Custodio N, Montesinos R, Cruzado L, Alva-Díaz C, Failoc-Rojas VE, Celis V, Cuenca-Alfaro J, Lira D. Comparative study of the word capacity and episodic memory of patients with degenerative dementia. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 51:8-16. [PMID: 35210208 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the absence of memory impairment was considered among the diagnostic criteria to differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) from Behavioural Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD), current and growing evidence indicates that a significant percentage of cases of bvFTD present with episodic memory deficits. In order to compare the performance profile of the naming capacity and episodic memory in patients with AD and bvFTD the present study was designed. METHODS Cross-sectional and analytical study with control group (32 people). The study included 42 people with probable AD and 22 with probable bvFTD, all over 60 years old. Uniform Data Set instruments validated in Spanish were used: Multilingual Naming Test (MINT), Craft-21 history and Benson's complex figure, among others. RESULTS A higher average age was observed among the patients with AD. The naming capacity was much lower in patients with bvFTD compared to patients with AD, measured according to the MINT and the nouns/verbs naming coefficient. All patients with bvFTD, 73.81% of those with AD and only 31.25% of the control group failed to recognise Benson's complex figure. All differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). RESULTS This study confirms the amnesic profile of patients with AD and reveals the decrease in naming capacity in patients with bvFTD, an area of language that is typically affected early on with executive functions, according to recent findings. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AD perform worse in verbal and visual episodic memory tasks, while patients with bvFTD perform worse in naming tasks. These findings open the possibility of exploring the mechanisms of prefrontal participation in episodic memory, typically attributed to the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton Custodio
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru.
| | - Rosa Montesinos
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Servicio de Rehabilitación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
| | - Lizardo Cruzado
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Sección Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Alva-Díaz
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Lima, Peru; Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina y Oficina de Apoyo a la Docencia e Investigación (OADI), Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Peru
| | - Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Violeta Celis
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Belén, Trujillo, Peru
| | - José Cuenca-Alfaro
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - David Lira
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
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Zhiznevskiy D, Zamergrad M, Levin O. The role of cognitive impairment in the development of balance disorders in cerebrovascular diseases. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:51-58. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212211251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Valencia N, Lehrner J. Assessing visuo-constructive functions in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease with the Vienna Visuo-Constructional Test 3.0 (VVT 3.0). NEUROPSYCHIATRIE 2021; 35:147-155. [PMID: 33507487 PMCID: PMC8429385 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-021-00385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Visuo-Constructive functions have considerable potential for the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease. Objectives Using the Vienna Visuo-Constructional Test 3.0 (VVT 3.0), we measured visuo-constructive functions in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and healthy controls to determine whether VVT performance can be used to distinguish these groups. Materials and methods Data of 671 participants was analyzed comparing scores across diagnostic groups and exploring associations with relevant clinical variables. Predictive validity was assessed using Receiver Operator Characteristic curves and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results We found significant differences between AD and the other groups. Identification of cases suffering from visuo-constructive impairment was possible using VVT scores, but these did not permit classification into diagnostic subgroups. Conclusions In summary, VVT scores are useful indicators for visuo-constructive impairment but face challenges when attempting to discriminate between several diagnostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Valencia
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1097, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Lehrner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1097, Vienna, Austria.
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Verbal Short-Term Memory Disturbance in the Primary Progressive Aphasias: Challenges and Distinctions in a Clinical Setting. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081060. [PMID: 34439679 PMCID: PMC8391512 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired verbal ‘phonological’ short-term memory is considered a cardinal feature of the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lv-PPA) and is assumed to underpin most of the language deficits in this syndrome. Clinically, examination of verbal short-term memory in individuals presenting with PPA is common practice and serves two objectives: (i) to help understand the possible mechanisms underlying the patient’s language profile and (ii) to help differentiate lv-PPA from other PPA variants or from other dementia syndromes. Distinction between lv-PPA and the non-fluent variant of PPA (nfv-PPA), however, can be especially challenging due to overlapping language profiles and comparable psychometric performances on verbal short-term memory tests. Here, we present case vignettes of the three PPA variants (lv-PPA, nfv-PPA, and the semantic variant (sv-PPA)) and typical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These vignettes provide a detailed description of the short-term and working memory profiles typically found in these patients and highlight how speech output and language comprehension deficits across the PPA variants differentially interfere with verbal memory performance. We demonstrate that a combination of verbal short-term and working memory measures provides crucial information regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying language disturbances in PPA. In addition, we propose that analogous visuospatial span tasks are essential for the assessment of PPA as they measure memory capacity without language contamination.
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Foxe D, Irish M, D'Mello M, Barhon L, Burrell JR, Kessels RPC, Piguet O. The Box Task: A novel tool to differentiate the primary progressive aphasias. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3945-3954. [PMID: 34310820 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differentiating the primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants in clinical settings remains complex and challenging, especially for the logopenic (lv-PPA) and non-fluent variants (nfv-PPA). Recent studies suggest that visuospatial memory is more compromised in lv-PPA than in nfv-PPA and is relatively spared in the semantic variant (sv-PPA). Accordingly, assessment of visuospatial memory performance may assist in the differential diagnosis of PPA variants. Here, we investigated the utility of a novel computerised visuospatial working memory test-the Box Task-to differentiate the three PPA variants and typical Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Eighteen lv-PPA, 14 nfv-PPA, 23 sv-PPA, 33 AD patients, and 32 healthy controls matched for age and education were recruited. All participants completed the computerised Box Task and WMS-III Spatial Span as measures of visuospatial working memory. RESULTS The lv-PPA group made significantly more Box Task between-search errors than nfv-PPA, sv-PPA and control groups. The AD group, however, displayed the greatest impairments on this measure relative to the PPA variants. Logistic regression analyses in lv-PPA and nfv-PPA demonstrated that the combination of Box Task between-search error variables (i.e., 4- and 6-box levels) could correctly classify 72% of lv-PPA patients and nearly 79% of nfv-PPA patients. Area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) analyses revealed the Box Task was more sensitive than Spatial Span at differentiating lv-PPA from nfv-PPA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a simple, computerised measure of visuospatial working memory-the Box Task-shows potential diagnostic utility in differentiating lv-PPA from the other PPA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Foxe
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Muireann Irish
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mirelle D'Mello
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucienne Barhon
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James R Burrell
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ringland C, Schweig JE, Eisenbaum M, Paris D, Ait-Ghezala G, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L, Bachmeier C. MMP9 modulation improves specific neurobehavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:39. [PMID: 34034683 PMCID: PMC8152085 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), where MMP9 levels are elevated in the brain and cerebrovasculature. Previously our group demonstrated apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) was less efficient in regulating MMP9 activity in the brain than other apoE isoforms, and that MMP9 inhibition facilitated beta-amyloid (Aβ) elimination across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) METHODS: In the current studies, we evaluated the impact of MMP9 modulation on Aβ disposition and neurobehavior in AD using two approaches, (1) pharmacological inhibition of MMP9 with SB-3CT in apoE4 x AD (E4FAD) mice, and (2) gene deletion of MMP9 in AD mice (MMP9KO/5xFAD) RESULTS: Treatment with the MMP9 inhibitor SB-3CT in E4FAD mice led to reduced anxiety compared to placebo using the elevated plus maze. Deletion of the MMP9 gene in 5xFAD mice also reduced anxiety using the open field test, in addition to improving sociability and social recognition memory, particularly in male mice, as assessed through the three-chamber task, indicating certain behavioral alterations in AD may be mediated by MMP9. However, neither pharmacological inhibition of MMP9 or gene deletion of MMP9 affected spatial learning or memory in the AD animals, as determined through the radial arm water maze. Moreover, the effect of MMP9 modulation on AD neurobehavior was not due to changes in Aβ disposition, as both brain and plasma Aβ levels were unchanged in the SB-3CT-treated E4FAD animals and MMP9KO/AD mice compared to their respective controls. CONCLUSIONS In total, while MMP9 inhibition did improve specific neurobehavioral deficits associated with AD, such as anxiety and social recognition memory, modulation of MMP9 did not alter spatial learning and memory or Aβ tissue levels in AD animals. While targeting MMP9 may represent a therapeutic strategy to mitigate aspects of neurobehavioral decline in AD, further work is necessary to understand the nature of the relationship between MMP9 activity and neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Ringland
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Maxwell Eisenbaum
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Daniel Paris
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Ghania Ait-Ghezala
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
- Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA.
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Dookhy J, Daly L. Nurses' experiences of caring for persons with dementia experiencing responsive behaviours in an acute hospital: A qualitative descriptive study. Int J Older People Nurs 2021; 16:e12379. [PMID: 33963674 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore nurses' experiences of caring for persons with dementia experiencing responsive behaviours in an acute hospital. BACKGROUND Caring for persons with dementia who have an acute medical illness and are experiencing responsive behaviours in acute hospitals can be challenging for nurses. While existing research has explored the experiences of nurses in providing dementia care in this setting, there is limited knowledge about the specific care experiences of nurses when working to meet the needs of persons with dementia who experience responsive behaviours alongside an admitting diagnosis. METHOD A qualitative descriptive design was implemented. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with nine nurses working in medical and surgical wards. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data. Ethical approval to conduct the study was received from the writers' university. RESULTS Three themes were found: (a) challenges encountered, (b) a person-centred response and (c) dementia preparedness. Key findings about challenges encountered by nurses included: the acute hospital environment; increased need for enhanced knowledge; and emotional challenges. Person-centred responses such as working in partnership with others and reminiscence were identified as strategies to address the challenges. Finally, nurses identified particular interventions that were supportive to them in enhancing their preparedness to meet the needs of persons with dementia who experience responsive behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Persons with dementia who are acutely unwell and are experiencing responsive behaviours, within acute hospitals, have specific and individualised care needs. Nurses working in these settings must therefore be supported in developing competence in managing these frequently complex clinical cases, while also providing person-centred care. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE Nurses' narratives demonstrate that they continue to experience challenges in the presence of responsive behaviours. There is a consequent need for dementia-specific education on person-centred ways to address responsive behaviours within acute hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi Dookhy
- Department of Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Daly
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Clinical neuropsychology lacks tests of basic visuoperceptual and spatial skills that have well-controlled administration and sophisticated measurement methods. Items from the Visual Assessment Battery (VAB), a simultaneous match-to-sample task, assessed visual discrimination in 40 healthy adults aged 51-91 during fMRI. The tasks were designed to isolate discrimination of either location, shape, or velocity, and they each had three levels of difficulty. The Location task uniquely activated the dorsal visual processing stream, the Shape task the ventral stream, and the Velocity task an area encompassing V5. Greater age was associated with greater neural recruitment, particularly in frontal areas. Behaviorally, greater age was associated with prolonged response times, but not reduced accuracy. Increased difficulty was associated with slower responses and reduced accuracy, regardless of age. Results validated the specialization of brain regions for spatial, perceptual, and movement discriminations and the use of the VAB to assess functioning localized to these regions. Visual discrimination ability does not change dramatically with age, but like many cognitive processes, performance slows. Anterior neural recruitment during visual discrimination increases with age.
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Murphy N, Killen A, Gupta RK, Graziadio S, Rochester L, Firbank M, Baker MR, Allan C, Collerton D, Taylor JP, Urwyler P. Exploring Bottom-Up Visual Processing and Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson's Disease With Dementia. Front Neurol 2021; 11:579113. [PMID: 33584490 PMCID: PMC7876258 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.579113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual hallucinations (VH) are a common symptom of Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), affecting up to 65% of cases. Integrative models of their etiology posit that a decline in executive control of the visuo-perceptual system is a primary mechanism of VH generation. The role of bottom-up processing in the manifestation of VH in this condition is still not clear although visual evoked potential (VEP) differences have been associated with VH at an earlier stage of PD. Here we compared the amplitude and latency pattern reversal VEPs in healthy controls (n = 21) and PDD patients (n = 34) with a range of VH severities. PDD patients showed increased N2 latency relative to controls, but no significant differences in VEP measures were found for patients reporting complex VH (CVH) (n = 17) compared to those without VH. Our VEP findings support previous reports of declining visual system physiology in PDD and some evidence of visual system differences between patients with and without VH. However, we did not replicate previous findings of a major relationship s between the integrity of the visual pathway and VH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Murphy
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alison Killen
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rajnish Kumar Gupta
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Graziadio
- National Institute for Health Research Newcastle In Vitro Diagnostics Co-operative, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Firbank
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Baker
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Allan
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Collerton
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Prabitha Urwyler
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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Custodio N, Montesinos R, Cruzado L, Alva-Díaz C, Failoc-Rojas VE, Celis V, Cuenca-Alfaro J, Lira D. Comparative Study of the Word Capacity and Episodic Memory of Patients with Degenerative Dementia. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2020; 51:S0034-7450(20)30083-4. [PMID: 33735000 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the absence of memory impairment was considered among the diagnostic criteria to differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) from Behavioural Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD), current and growing evidence indicates that a significant percentage of cases of bvFTD present with episodic memory deficits. In order to compare the performance profile of the naming capacity and episodic memory in patients with AD and bvFTD the present study was designed. METHODS Cross-sectional and analytical study with control group (32 people). The study included 42 people with probable AD and 22 with probable bvFTD, all over 60 years old. Uniform Data Set instruments validated in Spanish were used: Multilingual Naming Test (MINT), Craft-21 history and Benson's complex figure, among others. RESULTS A higher average age was observed among the patients with AD. The naming capacity was much lower in patients with bvFTD compared to patients with AD, measured according to the MINT and the nouns/verbs naming coefficient. All patients with bvFTD, 73.81% of those with AD and only 31.25% of the control group failed to recognise Benson's complex figure. All differences were statistically significant (p <0.001). RESULTS This study confirms the amnesic profile of patients with AD and reveals the decrease in naming capacity in patients with bvFTD, an area of language that is typically affected early on with executive functions, according to recent findings. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AD perform worse in verbal and visual episodic memory tasks, while patients with bvFTD perform worse in naming tasks. These findings open the possibility of exploring the mechanisms of prefrontal participation in episodic memory, typically attributed to the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton Custodio
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú.
| | - Rosa Montesinos
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Servicio de Rehabilitación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú
| | - Lizardo Cruzado
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Sección Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Carlos Alva-Díaz
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Lima, Perú; Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina y Oficina de Apoyo a la Docencia e Investigación (OADI), Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, Callao, Perú
| | - Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | - Violeta Celis
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Belén, Trujillo, Perú
| | - José Cuenca-Alfaro
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú
| | - David Lira
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú
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Hardcastle C, O’Shea A, Kraft JN, Albizu A, Evangelista ND, Hausman HK, Boutzoukas EM, Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Song H, Smith SG, Porges EC, Dekosky S, Hishaw GA, Wu SS, Marsiske M, Cohen R, Alexander GE, Woods AJ. Contributions of Hippocampal Volume to Cognition in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:593833. [PMID: 33250765 PMCID: PMC7674177 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.593833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The association between hippocampal volume and memory is continuing to be characterized in healthy older adults. Prior research suggests smaller hippocampal volume in healthy older adults is associated with poorer episodic memory and processing speed, as well as working memory, verbal learning, and executive functioning as measured by the NIH Toolbox Fluid (Fluid Cognition Composite, FCC) and Crystalized Cognition Composites (CCC). This study aimed to replicate these findings and to evaluate the association between: (1) hippocampal asymmetry index and cognition; and (2) independent contributions of the left and right hippocampal volume and cognition in a large sample of healthy older adults. Participants and Methods: One-hundred and eighty-three healthy older adults (M age = 71.72, SD = 5.3) received a T1-weighted sequence on a 3T scanner. Hippocampal subfields were extracted using FreeSurfer 6.0 and combined to provide left, right, and total hippocampal volumes. FCC subtests include Dimensional Change Card Sort, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention, List Sorting, Picture Sequence Memory, and Pattern Comparison. CCC subtests include Picture Vocabulary and Oral Reading Recognition. Multiple linear regressions were performed predicting cognition composites from the total, left and right, and asymmetry of hippocampal volume, controlling for sex, education, scanner, and total intracranial volume. Multiple comparisons in primary analyses were corrected using a false discovery rate (FDR) of p < 0.05. Results: FCC scores were positively associated with total (β = 0.226, FDR q = 0.044) and left (β = 0.257, FDR q = 0.024) hippocampal volume. Within FCC, Picture Sequence Memory scores positively associated with total (β = 0.284, p = 0.001) and left (β = 0.98, p = 0.001) hippocampal volume. List Sorting scores were also positively associated with left hippocampal volume (β = 0.189, p = 0.029). Conclusions: These results confirm previous research suggesting that bilateral hippocampal volume is associated with FCC, namely episodic memory. The present study also suggests the left hippocampal volume may be more broadly associated with both episodic and working memory. Studies should continue to investigate lateralized hippocampal contributions to aging processes to better identify predictors of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheshire Hardcastle
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew O’Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica N. Kraft
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alejandro Albizu
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicole D. Evangelista
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hanna K. Hausman
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Emanuel M. Boutzoukas
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Emily J. Van Etten
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hyun Song
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Samantha G. Smith
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Eric C. Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Steven Dekosky
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Georg A. Hishaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Samuel S. Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium (AAC), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Adam J. Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Public Health and Health Professions, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Wang Z, Bai L, Liu Q, Wang S, Sun C, Zhang M, Zhang Y. Corpus callosum integrity loss predicts cognitive impairment in Leukoaraiosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:2409-2420. [PMID: 33119959 PMCID: PMC7732249 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate regional white matter fibers loss in Leukoaraiosis (LA) and its relationship with cognitive impairments. Methods Fifty‐six participants with LA and 38 healthy controls underwent clinical evaluations and MR scans. Participants with LA were classified as cognitively normal (LA‐NC, n = 18), vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia (LA‐VCIND, n = 24), and vascular dementia (LA‐VaD, n = 14) by Mini‐Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating. Cognitive domains including visual‐spatial, naming, attention, language, abstraction, memory, and orientation were assessed. With the use of Tract‐based spatial statistics, mean fractional anisotropy (FA) of major white matter fiber tracts were compared between LA and controls and among LA groups with varying levels of cognitive impairments. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate relationships between FA values and cognitive performance. Results Participants showed significant FA reduction in the corpus callosum (CC), bilateral corona radiata, anterior limb of the internal capsule, external capsule, posterior thalamic radiation, and superior longitudinal fasciculus compared to controls and across LA groups. The LA‐VaD group showed consistent damage in the body and genu of CC compared to the LA‐NC and LA‐VCIND groups. A positive correlation between visual‐spatial and FA reduction in right anterior corona radiates in LA‐VCIND and body of CC in LA‐ VaD. Interpretation We found regional fiber loss in the CC across the cognitive spectrum in patients with LA and correlations between FA and visuospatial impairment in the anterior corona radiata in patients with LA‐VCIND and in the body of CC in patients with LA‐VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuanzhu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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38
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Indrieri A, Pizzarelli R, Franco B, De Leonibus E. Dopamine, Alpha-Synuclein, and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Parkinsonian Eyes. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:567129. [PMID: 33192254 PMCID: PMC7604532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.567129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor dysfunctions including bradykinesia, tremor at rest and motor instability. These symptoms are associated with the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons originating in the substantia nigra pars compacta and projecting to the corpus striatum, and by accumulation of cytoplasmic inclusions mainly consisting of aggregated alpha-synuclein, called Lewy bodies. PD is a complex, multifactorial disorder and its pathogenesis involves multiple pathways and mechanisms such as α-synuclein proteostasis, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, axonal transport, and neuroinflammation. Motor symptoms manifest when there is already an extensive dopamine denervation. There is therefore an urgent need for early biomarkers to apply disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. Visual defects and retinal abnormalities, including decreased visual acuity, abnormal spatial contrast sensitivity, color vision defects, or deficits in more complex visual tasks are present in the majority of PD patients. They are being considered for early diagnosis together with retinal imaging techniques are being considered as non-invasive biomarkers for PD. Dopaminergic cells can be found in the retina in a subpopulation of amacrine cells; however, the molecular mechanisms leading to visual deficits observed in PD patients are still largely unknown. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the retinal abnormalities observed in PD patients and animal models and of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in parkinsonian eyes. We will review the role of α-synuclein aggregates in the retina pathology and/or in the onset of visual symptoms in PD suggesting that α-synuclein aggregates are harmful for the retina as well as for the brain. Moreover, we will summarize experimental evidence suggesting that the optic nerve pathology observed in PD resembles that seen in mitochondrial optic neuropathies highlighting the possible involvement of mitochondrial abnormalities in the development of PD visual defects. We finally propose that the eye may be considered as a complementary experimental model to identify possible novel disease’ pathways or to test novel therapeutic approaches for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Pizzarelli
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Hackney ME, Bay AA, Jackson JM, Nocera JR, Krishnamurthy V, Crosson B, Evatt ML, Langley J, Cui X, McKay JL, Huddleston DE. Rationale and Design of the PAIRED Trial: Partnered Dance Aerobic Exercise as a Neuroprotective, Motor, and Cognitive Intervention in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:943. [PMID: 33162925 PMCID: PMC7581698 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), an intractable condition impairing motor and cognitive function, is imperfectly treated by drugs and surgery. Two priority issues for many people with PD are OFF-time and cognitive impairment. Even under best medical management, three-fourths of people with PD experience “OFF-time” related to medication-related motor fluctuations, which severely impacts both quality of life and cognition. Cognitive deficits are found even in newly diagnosed people with PD and are often intractable. Our data suggest that partnered dance aerobic exercise (PDAE) reduces OFF-time on the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-IV (MDS-UPDRS-IV) and ameliorates other disease features, which motivate the PAIRED trial. PDAE provides AE during an improvisational, cognitively engaging rehabilitative physical activity. Although exercise benefits motor and cognitive symptoms and may be neuroprotective for PD, studies using robust biomarkers of neuroprotection in humans are rare. We propose to perform a randomized, controlled trial in individuals with diagnosed mild–moderate PD to compare the efficacy of PDAE vs. walking aerobic exercise (WALK) for OFF-time, cognition, and neuroprotection. We will assess neuroprotection with neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) and iron-sensitive (R2*) MRI sequences to quantify neuromelanin loss and iron accumulation in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). We will use these biomarkers, neuromelanin loss, and iron accumulation, as tools to chart the course of neurodegeneration in patients with PD who have undergone long-term (16 months) intervention. We will randomly assign 102 individuals with mild–moderate PD to 16 months of PDAE or WALK. The 16-month intervention period will consist of Training (3 months of biweekly sessions) and Maintenance (13 months of weekly sessions) phases. We will assess participants at baseline, 3 months (immediately post-Training), and 16 months (immediately post-Maintenance) for OFF-time and behaviorally and physiologically measured cognition. We will acquire NM-MRI and R2* imaging data at baseline and 16 months to assess neuroprotection. We will (1) examine effects of Training and Maintenance phases of PDAE vs. WALK on OFF-time, (2) compare PDAE vs. WALK at 3 and 16 months on behavioral and functional MRI (fMRI) measures of spatial cognition, and (3) compare PDAE vs. WALK for effects on rates of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Hackney
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Allison A Bay
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jordan M Jackson
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joe R Nocera
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Venkatagiri Krishnamurthy
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bruce Crosson
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Georgia State University Department of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Health and Rehabilitation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marian L Evatt
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jason Langley
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - J Lucas McKay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel E Huddleston
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Visuospatial short-term and working memory disturbance in the primary progressive aphasias: Neuroanatomical and clinical implications. Cortex 2020; 132:223-237. [PMID: 32998062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) comprises three main variants: logopenic (lv-PPA), non-fluent (nfv-PPA) and semantic variant (sv-PPA). Differentiating the language profiles of the PPA variants remains challenging, especially for lv-PPA and nfv-PPA. As such, diagnostic tools that do not rely on speech and language may offer some utility. Here, we investigated the short-term and working memory profiles of the PPA variants and typical Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a particular interest in the visuospatial system. We hypothesised visuospatial short-term and working memory would be more compromised in lv-PPA and AD than in the other PPA variants, and that this would relate to degeneration of posterior temporoparietal brain regions. METHOD Thirty-three lv-PPA, 26 nfv-PPA, 31 sv-PPA and 58 AD patients, and 45 matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants completed the WMS-III Spatial and Digit Span tasks and underwent a structural brain MRI for voxel-based morphometry analyses. RESULTS Relative to Controls, Spatial Span Forward (SSF) performance was impaired in lv-PPA and AD but not in nfv-PPA or sv-PPA. In contrast, Digit Span Forward (DSF) performance was impaired in lv-PPA and nfv-PPA (to a similar level), and AD, but was relatively intact in sv-PPA. As expected, most backward span scores across both modalities were lower than forward span scores. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that SSF and SSB performance in all patients combined correlated with grey matter intensity decrease in several clusters located in temporo-parieto-occipital brain regions. Post-hoc group comparisons of these regions showed that grey matter loss was more extensive in the lv-PPA and AD groups than in the nfv-PPA and sv-PPA groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the visuospatial short-term and working memory profiles of the PPA variants are separable and likely reflect their distinct patterns of temporo-parieto-occipital brain atrophy.
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Liao X, Zuo L, Pan Y, Xiang X, Meng X, Li H, Zhao X, Wang Y, Shi J, Wang Y. Screening for cognitive impairment with the montreal cognitive assessment at six months after stroke and transient ischemic attack. Neurol Res 2020; 43:15-21. [PMID: 32967577 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1819070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment usually occurs in the acute phase after stroke, but most stroke survivors experience some form of long-term cognitive deficit. The aim of this study was to establish the cutoff point of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Beijing) in screening for cognitive impairment (CI) at 6 months of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). METHODS A total of 301 stroke patients and 15 TIA patients were recruited. Patients were assessed at six months by the MoCA-Beijing and a formal neuropsychological battery. The 1.5 SD below the level of the norm on several tests indicated cognitive impairment (CI). RESULTS Most stroke and TIA patients were in their 60s (61.23 ± 10.60 years old). The optimal cutoff point for MoCA-Beijing in discriminating patients with CI from those with no cognitive impairment (NCI) was 24/25 (sensitivity 63.28%, specificity 71.22%, PPV = 73.68%, NPV = 60.37%, classification accuracy = 66.72%). The predominant cognitive deficits were visuospatial ability (84.85%), and then attention/executive function (79.27%). CONCLUSION The MoCA-Beijing cutoff score for differentiating CI from NCI after stroke and TIA at six months was at 24/25, and it is important for routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Xianglong Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Jiong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
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Fan D, Yang S, Han Y, Zhang R, Yang L. Isoflurane-induced expression of miR-140-5p aggravates neurotoxicity in diabetic rats by targeting SNX12. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:69-76. [PMID: 32062618 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely known as critical regulators in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity during the development of brain. Moreover, isoflurane could aggravate cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. The present study was designed to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-140-5p on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in diabetic rats. Firstly, a diabetic rat model was established by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and identified by Morris water maze test. The result indicated that isoflurane treatment exacerbated STZ-induced cognitive impairment, as demonstrated by increase of the latency to the platform and decrease of the proportion of time spent in the target quadrant. Secondly, miR-140-5p was up-regulated in diabetic rats treated with isoflurane. Functional assays revealed that knockdown of miR-140-5p attenuated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats, which was shown by a decrease of the latency to the platform and an increase of the proportion of time spent in the target quadrant. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that miR-140-5p directly bonded to SNX12 (sorting nexin 12). At last, the neuroprotective effect of miR-140-5p knockdown against isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats was dependent on up-regulation of SNX12 and inhibition of cell apoptosis. In summary, these meaningful results demonstrated the mitigation of miR-140-5p knockdown against isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats via SNX12, suggesting a novel target for neuroprotection in diabetes under isoflurane treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Simin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Yuxiang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Lukun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, China
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Zhou XL, Wang LN, Wang J, Zhou L, Shen XH. Effects of exercise interventions for specific cognitive domains in old adults with mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20105. [PMID: 32756073 PMCID: PMC7402775 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a meta-analysis and subgroup analysis investigating the effects of exercise on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients across specific cognitive domain outcomes. We also analyzed and identified the level of influence of exercise interventions on specific cognitive domains. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, the Wan Fang Database, and CBM were searched from inception to April 2018. Randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions in MCI patients older than 55 years, with an outcome measure of cognitive function were included. RESULTS Eleven studies with sufficient data met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Exercise interventions significantly improved general function (g mini-mental state examination Montreal cognitive assessment = 0.32, 95% the 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1 to 0.54, P = .005 and g Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognition = -0.45, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.08, P = .02); executive functions (g digit span forward test, digit span backward test, digit span forward test -B, stroop test-A, stroop test-B = 0.66, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.15, P = .008); memory (g Wechsler memory scale immediate recall and Wechsler memory scale delayed recall = 0.37, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.60, P = .001); language ability (g category verbal fluency test and letter verbal fluency test = 0.55, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.89, P = .001); and visuospatial ability (g block design score = 0.38, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.72, P = .03). However, the improvement exercise conferred on the trail-making test part B-A was not statistically significant (g trail-making test part B-A = -0.25, 95% CI -0.88 to 0.39, P = .45). The preliminary ranking of the effect on the overall effect was as follows: Z language ability > Z executive functions > memory > Z visuospatial ability. CONCLUSION Exercise improves performance in the 5 cognitive domains. Across cognitive domains, language ability was the domain most affected by exercise. Besides, the kind of ranking (Z value) provides a new perspective for community health care workers to prescribe targeted exercise interventions for MCI patients.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018093902.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Lian Zhou
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province
| | - Li-Na Wang
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai City
| | - Xin-Hua Shen
- Department of psychosomatic diseases, Huzhou Third People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China
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Association Between Motor Subtype and Visuospatial and Executive Function in Mild-Moderate Parkinson Disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:1580-1589. [PMID: 32540135 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare participants with Parkinson disease (PD) motor subtypes, postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) (n=46) and tremor dominant (TD) (n=28), in cognitive and motor-cognitive assessments with the purpose of identifying associations between subtype and visuospatial, whole-body spatial, inhibition and/or switching, and planning and/or organizational aspects of cognitive and motor-cognitive function. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables, while 2-sample independent t tests were used to analyze continuous variables. SETTING Assessments took place at Emory University. PARTICIPANTS Participants (N=72) were 40 years and older, had a clinical diagnosis of PD, exhibited 3 of the 4 cardinal signs of PD, had shown benefit from antiparkinsonian medications, and were in Hoehn and Yahr stages I-IV. Participants could walk 3 m or more with or without assistance. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Balance and mobility tests included Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale and the time needed to turn 360 degrees. Cognitive assessments included Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Brooks Spatial Memory Task, Color-Word Interference Test, Tower of London, Trail Making Test, Corsi Blocks, Serial 3s Subtraction, and Body Position Spatial Task. Motor-cognitive function measures included Four Square Step Test and Timed Up and Go. RESULTS Participants with PIGD performed lower than those with TD symptoms on mental status (P=.005), spatial memory (P=.027), executive function (P=.0001-.034), and visuospatial ability (P=.048). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that PIGD subtype is linked to greater deficits in spatial cognition, attentional flexibility and organizational planning, and whole-body spatial memory domains. These findings support the need for more personalized approaches to clinically managing PD.
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45
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Alcock L, Galna B, Hausdorff JM, Lord S, Rochester L. Enhanced Obstacle Contrast to Promote Visual Scanning in Fallers with Parkinson's Disease: Role of Executive Function. Neuroscience 2020; 436:82-92. [PMID: 32222557 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to perceive differences in environmental contrast is critical for navigating complex environments safely. People with Parkinson's disease (PD) report a multitude of visual and cognitive deficits which may impede safe obstacle negotiation and increase fall risk. Enhancing obstacle contrast may influence the content of visual information acquired within complex environments and thus target environmental fall risk factors. 17 PD with a history of falls and 18 controls walked over an obstacle covered in a high and low contrast material in separate trials whilst eye movements were recorded. Measures of visual function and cognition were obtained. Gaze location was extracted during the approach phase. PD spent longer looking at the obstacle compared to controls regardless of contrast (p < .05), however group differences were largest for the low contrast obstacle. When accounting for group differences in approach time, PD spent longer looking at the low contrast obstacle and less time looking at the ground beyond the low contrast obstacle compared to controls (p < .05). The response to obstacle contrast in PD (high-low) was significantly associated with executive function. Better executive function was associated with spending longer looking at the low contrast obstacle and at the ground beyond the high contrast obstacle. Enhancing the contrast of ground-based trip hazards may improve visual processing of environmental cues in PD, particularly for individuals with better executive function. Manipulating contrast to attract visual attention is already in use in the public domain, however its utility for reducing fall risk in PD is yet to be formally tested in habitual settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Alcock
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Brook Galna
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey M Hausdorff
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sue Lord
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; The Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Salehzadeh SA, Mohammadian A, Salimi F. Effect of chronic methamphetamine injection on levels of BDNF mRNA and its CpG island methylation in prefrontal cortex of rats. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 48:101884. [PMID: 31830601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant. Its abuse causes problems in cognition, attention, or psychiatric conditions such as psychosis. Prefrontal cortex is involved in many aspects of drug addiction and in mental disorders similar to those triggered by METH. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), plays important roles in modulating different aspects of addiction, and is implicated in psychiatric conditions reminiscent of those suffered by METH-abusers. Male Wistar rats were intra-peritoneally injected with METH (8 mg/kg/day) for 14 days while control group received normal saline. After extraction of prefrontal cortices, expression of BDNF IV splice variant and methylation level of its CpG island were evaluated. The relative expression of BDNF IV in METH-treated group was 2.15 fold higher than the control group. Seven out of 29 CpG sites were significantly hypomethylated in the METH group, although none survived Bonferroni adjustment. However, the overall methylation level of the 29 CpGs was significantly lower in METH cases than in controls. We discuss the importance of our results and its implications in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Salehzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Mitchell E, Tavares TP, Palaniyappan L, Finger EC. Hoarding and obsessive-compulsive behaviours in frontotemporal dementia: Clinical and neuroanatomic associations. Cortex 2019; 121:443-453. [PMID: 31715541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hoarding and obsessive-compulsive behaviours (OCB) are well documented symptoms in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). While contemporary models consider hoarding and obsessive-compulsive disorder distinct, the related behaviours have not been separately examined in patients with FTD, and the neuroanatomical correlates of hoarding in patients with FTD have not been previously examined (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Grisham and Baldwin, 2015; Mataix-Cols et al., 2010). METHODS Patients with FTD who were evaluated between 2004 and 2018 at our centre were included. Cortical thickness and subcortical volumetric analyses were completed on available T1 high resolution anatomic scans using FreeSurfer. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients met inclusion criteria, and 49 had scans available for quantitative MRI volumetric analysis. New hoarding behaviours were present in 29% of patients and were more common in the semantic variant subtype of FTD, while 49% of individuals had new or increased OCB. Hoarding behaviours were associated with decreased thickness in a factor comprised of left temporal, insular and anterior cingulate cortices. The presence of OCB was predicted by reduced cortical thickness and volumes in a factor comprised of the anterior cingulate and subcortical volumes in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus. OCB were associated with greater right temporal cortical thickness in comparison to patients with hoarding. DISCUSSION The association of the semantic variant with hoarding, together with the observed associations between left temporal atrophy and hoarding indicate that degeneration of the left temporal lobe has a role in the emergence of hoarding in FTD. As in current models of Hoarding disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, our results suggest that in patients with FTD, hoarding and OCB are clinically and anatomically partially dissociable phenomenon. The results may also help to further elucidate the cognitive processes and neural networks contributing to Hoarding disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive disorder in persons without dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara P Tavares
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, Canada; Parkwood Institute, St. Josephs Health Care, Canada.
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48
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Grey T, Fleming R, Goodenough BJ, Xidous D, Möhler R, O'Neill D. Hospital design for older people with cognitive impairment including dementia and delirium: supporting inpatients and accompanying persons. Hippokratia 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grey
- Trinity College Dublin; TrinityHaus, School of Engineering; 16 Westland Row Dublin Leinster Ireland DO2 YY50
| | - Richard Fleming
- University of Wollongong; Dementia Training Australia; Rm. 114, ITAMS Building, Innovation Campus Wollongong NSW Australia 2522
| | - Belinda J Goodenough
- University of Wollongong; Dementia Training Australia; Rm. 114, ITAMS Building, Innovation Campus Wollongong NSW Australia 2522
| | - Dimitra Xidous
- Trinity College Dublin; TrinityHaus, School of Engineering; 16 Westland Row Dublin Leinster Ireland DO2 YY50
| | - Ralph Möhler
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University; Department of Health Services Research and Nursing Science; Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld Germany 33615
| | - Desmond O'Neill
- Trinity College; Centre for Ageing, Neuroscience and the Humanities; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght Hospital Dublin Ireland 24
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49
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Low Kapalu CM, Hall JJ, Wallace DP. Neuropsychological Functioning of Youth Receiving Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 43:870-881. [PMID: 29846679 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic pain is associated with school difficulties; however, there is limited published evidence on the cognitive or neuropsychological functioning of youth with chronic pain. Method When beginning intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment, 94 youth (age = 10-18) with chronic pain completed neuropsychological assessment (e.g., intelligence, academic skills, learning and recall, and attention) and clinical questionnaires (e.g., pain and physical and psychological functioning). We compared neuropsychological scores with test norms and with clinical questionnaires. Results Youth with chronic pain had higher verbal comprehension and full scale IQ scores than expected, below-average nondominant hand dexterity, and difficulty with visual recall. Self-reported difficulties with executive functioning were associated with small-to-moderate difficulties with objectively measured attention. Performance on neuropsychological measures was generally not associated with pain, impairment, anxiety, or depression, though catastrophizing was negatively correlated with perceptual reasoning. An expected number of these youth had learning disorders (14%); however, more than expected had an autism spectrum disorder (9%) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (18%), and nearly a quarter demonstrated characteristics of nonverbal learning disability (22%). Conclusions Some of these cognitive findings may be a consequence of chronic pain, and others may reflect subtle neurodevelopmental differences that may predate or be comorbid with pain. Regardless of etiology, with more than half the current sample experiencing some type of learning challenge, often undiagnosed, pediatric psychologists evaluating youth with chronic pain may wish to screen for comorbid learning difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John J Hall
- Children's Mercy Kansas City.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City
| | - Dustin P Wallace
- Children's Mercy Kansas City.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City
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50
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Jeon S, Kang JM, Seo S, Jeong HJ, Funck T, Lee SY, Park KH, Lee YB, Yeon BK, Ido T, Okamura N, Evans AC, Na DL, Noh Y. Topographical Heterogeneity of Alzheimer's Disease Based on MR Imaging, Tau PET, and Amyloid PET. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:211. [PMID: 31481888 PMCID: PMC6710378 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients are known to have heterogeneous clinical presentation and pathologic patterns. We hypothesize that AD dementia can be categorized into subtypes based on multimodal imaging biomarkers such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tau positron emission tomography (PET), and amyloid PET. We collected 3T MRI, 18F-THK5351 PET, and 18F-flutemetamol (FLUTE) PET data from 83 patients with AD dementia [Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) ≤1] and 60 normal controls (NC), and applied surface-based analyses to measure cortical thickness, THK5351 standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and FLUTE SUVR for each participant. For the patient group, we performed an agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis using the three multimodal imaging features on the vertices (n = 3 × 79,950). The identified AD subtypes were compared to NC using general linear models adjusting for age, sex, and years of education. We mapped the effect size within significant cortical regions reaching a corrected p-vertex <0.05 (random field theory). Our surface-based multimodal framework has revealed three distinct subtypes among AD patients: medial temporal-dominant subtype (MT, n = 44), parietal-dominant subtype (P, n = 19), and diffuse atrophy subtype (D, n = 20). The topography of cortical atrophy and THK5351 retention differentiates between the three subtypes. In the case of FLUTE, three subtypes did not show distinct topographical differences, although cortical composite retention was significantly higher in the P type than in the MT type. These three subtypes also differed in demographic and clinical features. In conclusion, AD patients may be clustered into three subtypes with distinct topographical features of cortical atrophy and tau deposition, although amyloid deposition may not differ across the subtypes in terms of topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seun Jeon
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jae Myeong Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seongho Seo
- Department of Neuroscience, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeong
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Thomas Funck
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kee Hyung Park
- Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Bae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byeong Kil Yeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Tatsuo Ido
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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