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Abstract
The symptoms of adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) generally include impaired concentration; an insensitivity to social cues, being hard to get along with, and being internally restlessness. It is not surprising that these problems are likely to affect the performance of college students with ADHD. The study aims to examine whether ADHD symptoms are associated with handedness in college students in Taiwan. A total of 505 male and 645 female participants completed Annett's handedness questionnaire and the Traditional Chinese College ADHD Response Evaluation Student Response Inventory (C-CARE-SRI). Handedness was scored both categorically, mixed vs. not-mixed, and continuously, using the Hand Preference Index. The Inattention score was significantly higher for students who were mixed-handed than for those who were not, after social pressure against using the left hand to write had been adjusted for. However, the differences in Hyperactivity and Impulsivity scores were nonsignificant. In addition, the correlations between all three ADHD and Hand Preference Index factor-scores were nonsignificant. To sum up, mixed-handedness is associated with a higher Inattention score. The potential underlying mechanism relating to ADHD Inattention is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Lin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Tsuang
- Center of General Education, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Tsuang HC, Chen WJ, Kuo SY, Hsiao PC. Handedness and schizotypy: The potential effect of changing the writing-hand. Psychiatry Res 2016; 242:198-203. [PMID: 27289325 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-handedness, which has been associated with schizotypy in recent studies, might exist for at least two different reasons: it is innate or it has been forced. We examined whether the association between mixed-handedness and schizotypy differs depending on its source. We enrolled 3485 college students in Taiwan. We used both the Perceptual Aberration Scale and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire to assess schizotypy, and the Annett Hand Preference Questionnaire to assess handedness. Two ways of classifying handedness were examined: the three-way classification based on Annett's categories and mixed- vs. non-mixed-handedness based on Degree of Handedness. Both mixed-handedness groups showed higher positive schizotypy scores. Among mixed handers, those who had been required to change their writing hand from left to right had higher positive schizotypy scores. Being forced to change writing hand seemed to be related to a higher level of schizotypy. The potential effect of the social pressure against using the left hand for writing is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Tsuang
- Center of General Education, School of Liberal Arts Education, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 396, Sec. 1, Changrong Road, Gueiren District, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
| | - Wei J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Kuo
- School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Hsiao
- Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yu J, Rawtaer I, Mahendran R, Kua EH, Feng L. Degree, but not direction of grip strength asymmetries, is related to depression and anxiety in an elderly population. Laterality 2016; 22:268-278. [PMID: 27166222 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2016.1184677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of studies on asymmetries in manual laterality, a marker for atypical brain lateralization in depression and anxiety, findings in this area are mixed. Traditionally, research have looked at individual differences in depression and anxiety as a function of the direction of asymmetry. However, recent research has emphasized on studying the degree of asymmetry in addition to its direction. To these ends, the present study aims to unravel the associations between the degree and direction of manual lateralization, and depression/anxiety. Cognitively healthy elderlies (N = 326, 91 males, Mage = 68) were administered grip strength assessments on both hands and self-report measures of depression and anxiety. Partial correlation analyses controlling for age, education and sex revealed significant positive associations between degree of lateralization and anxiety in the overall sample and among right-dominant participants, as well as a significant positive relationship between degree of lateralization and depression among right-dominant participants. None of the correlations involving the direction of lateralization yielded significance, neither was there significant differences between left- and right-dominant participants on depression and anxiety scores. These findings suggest that the degree of manual lateralization, but not direction, is related to depression and anxiety at least among right-dominant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Yu
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , National University Hospital , Singapore
| | - Iris Rawtaer
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , National University Hospital , Singapore
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , National University Hospital , Singapore.,b Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Ee-Heok Kua
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , National University Hospital , Singapore.,b Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Lei Feng
- b Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
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4
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Prichard EC, Christman SD. Need for cognition moderates paranormal beliefs and magical ideation in inconsistent-handers. Laterality 2016; 21:228-42. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2015.1125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Porac C. Disorders, Diseases, and Life on the Left. Laterality 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801239-0.00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dean DJ, Orr JM, Newberry RE, Mittal VA. Motor behavior reflects reduced hemispheric asymmetry in the psychosis risk period. Schizophr Res 2016; 170:137-42. [PMID: 26492987 PMCID: PMC4707112 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A body of work focusing on brain connectivity, language dominance, and motor laterality research suggests that reduced hemispheric asymmetry is a core feature in schizophrenia. However, there is little consensus about whether reduced dominance is present in those at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis. METHODS A total of 94 demonstrated right-handed neuroleptic free participants (38 UHR and 56 matched healthy controls) were assessed with structured clinical interviews and completed an innovative handwriting task using a digital tablet computer. A laterality quotient (LQ) was calculated using kinematic variables from the participant's left and right hands. A subset of the sample (26 UHR and 29 controls) returned after 12-months to complete clinical interviews in order to examine relationships between handwriting laterality and progression of psychosis risk symptoms. RESULTS The UHR group showed decreased dextrality compared to healthy controls. At the 12-month follow-up, decreased dextrality accounted for 8% of the variance in worsened positive symptoms within the UHR group. CONCLUSION The current results suggest that disrupted cerebral dominance is also present in the ultrahigh risk period and that decreased dextrality may serve as a novel biomarker for the progression of psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Dean
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Center for Neuroscience, United States.
| | - Joseph M Orr
- Texas A&M University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Raeana E Newberry
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, United States
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Abstract
Inconsistent results of the molecular studies for handedness have been reported. One of the key issues involved could be ways of assessing handedness. The current study aimed to identify the index of handedness better reveal the genetic component, which showed higher heritability. We measured handedness using the Annett's handedness questionnaire. The college students participating in this study filled the questionnaire in the class while their first-degree relatives returned questionnaires one to two weeks later. A total of 1,968 subjects returned their questionnaires, including 640 college students and 1,328 first-degree relatives. Among the 449 college students returning at least one handedness questionnaire for their parents, a total of 449 fathers, 440 mothers, and 425 siblings participated in the study. The index of mixed-handedness (e.g., Degree of Handedness) showed highest heritability (0.67), followed by the Hand Preference Index (0.52), and then the Direction of Handedness (0.39). Using an index of mixed-handedness for future molecular studies was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ju Lien
- a Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Education , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Lai A, Serra M, Petretto DR, Masala C, Preti A. Patterns of hand preference in Italian adolescent high-school students. Laterality 2014; 19:718-44. [PMID: 24779383 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2014.911747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Annett Hand Preference Questionnaire (AHPQ) is amongst the most widely used self-report measures of handedness. The psychometric properties of the AHPQ have been rarely evaluated outside the Anglo-Saxon culture where the majority of the studies on the AHPQ were done. In this study, 1,023 students (males=49.5%) from four large high schools operating in the district of Cagliari (Italy) were invited to fill in the Italian version of the AHPQ. The AHPQ was proved to measure a unidimensional latent trait, and the questionnaire was good at assessing deviation from right-handedness with high discrimination between subjects. Some items were more informative than others, and in particular the non-equivalence between the primary and the non-primary actions was confirmed by both the confirmatory factor and the item response theory analysis. The use of the rule of thumb that classifies subjects on the basis of the primary actions was supported for the distinction between consistent right- and left-handed. However, the mixed-handed group identified on the basis of the rule of thumb was not entirely consistent with the mixed-handed class predicted by the latent class analysis. Males were about twice as likely as females to be in the mixed-handed class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lai
- a Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, Section on Clinical Psychology , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
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Tsuang HC, Chen WJ, Kuo SY, Hsiao PC. The cross-cultural nature of the relationship between schizotypy and mixed-handedness. Laterality 2012; 18:476-90. [PMID: 23072536 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2012.720985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Positive schizotypy is associated with non-right-handedness, which includes left- and mixed-handedness. However, because the underlying mechanisms might be different, it is important to examine whether both left- and mixed-handedness are associated with a high incidence of schizotypy. During 2009-2010, we used both the Perceptual Aberration Scale and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire to assess 1315 undergraduate students in Taiwan for schizotypy and the Annett handedness questionnaire to assess handedness. Among the three-way classifications based on Annett's grouping, the fully left-handed group appeared to have the lowest score of positive schizotypy; next was the fully right-handed group and then the mixed-handed. Among the three-way classifications driven from cluster analysis, mixed-handers showed highest score of positive schizotypy. When handedness was treated continuously, both direction (e.g., Hand Preference Index) and consistency (e.g., Either hand use score) indicators were significantly correlated with schizotypy. The results of regression analyses showed that the quadratic handedness measure were negatively associated with schizotypy. The results remained similar after correcting for social pressure on left-handedness. In conclusion, the relationship between schizotypy and mixed-handedness appears to be cross-cultural. The dichotomous classification of handedness, right- vs. non-right-handedness, appears to be insufficient. Additional studies on the distinct mechanisms of mixed- and left-handedness are warranted.
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Kelley MP. Lateral preference and schizotypy revisited: Comparison of handedness measurement and classification methods. Laterality 2012; 17:150-68. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2010.546798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Asai T, Sugimori E, Tanno Y. A psychometric approach to the relationship between hand-foot preference and auditory hallucinations in the general population: atypical cerebral lateralization may cause an abnormal sense of agency. Psychiatry Res 2011; 189:220-7. [PMID: 21439651 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between the atypical cerebral lateralization pattern represented in hand and foot preferences and schizotypal personality traits, especially proneness to auditory hallucinations as related to a sense of agency. A sense of agency, measured with questionnaires in the present study, is the sense that "I am the one who causes the actions." Although atypical lateralization and an abnormal sense of agency may be related to schizophrenia or schizotypal personality, the connection between them has remained unclear. The present study used cluster analysis to categorize the handedness-footedness combinations. The results indicated that people with right-handedness and left-footedness may have more schizotypal traits and that their abnormal sense of agency may cause schizotypal personality traits. Although the reasons for crossed lateral preference remain unclear, we discuss this in terms of early switching in handedness, which may underlie atypical lateralization and lead to the experience of auditory hallucinations deriving from an abnormal sense of agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Asai
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioural Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Sontam V, Christman SD. Semantic organisation and handedness: mixed-handedness is associated with more diffuse activation of ambiguous word associates. Laterality 2011; 17:38-50. [PMID: 21598173 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2010.529450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that there are individual differences in the flexibility and ease with which one retrieves and uses concepts stored in memory. Based on prior research suggesting that mixed-handedness is associated with greater cognitive flexibility, it was hypothesised that mixed-handers have access to a relatively diffuse associative network, where link strengths for closely related and distantly related concepts are not as disparate as in the case of strong-handers. This idea was explored using ambiguous words for stimuli, as ambiguous words are known to have both strong (concepts related via dominant meaning) and weak associates (concepts related via subordinate meaning). Consistent with the prediction, mixed-handers showed equal ease in accessing both strongly and weakly related concepts. In Experiment 1 mixed-handers exhibited equivalent priming for dominant and subordinate associates, while strong-handers exhibited priming for dominant associates only. In Experiment 2 ratings of strength of association for dominant versus subordinate associates were examined. Mixed-handedness was associated with lesser disparity of dominant and subordinate association ratings.
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Chapman HL, Grimshaw GM, Nicholls MER. Going beyond students: an association between mixed-hand preference and schizotypy subscales in a general population. Psychiatry Res 2011; 187:89-93. [PMID: 21176970 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research on the sub-clinical condition of schizotypy suggests that it is associated with mixed handedness. To date, however, this research has focussed on undergraduate populations. If the association between schizotypy and mixed-handedness is the result of an underlying neurological trait, it is important to demonstrate that the effect extends to the general population. With this in mind, 699 participants were drawn from a wide community sample. Schizotypy was measured using the Psychosis Proneness Questionnaire and handedness was assessed using the Annett inventory. To avoid the sometimes arbitrary definitions of left-, right- and mixed-handed, regression analyses were used to explore the data. There was no evidence of a difference in schizotypy between individuals with a left- or right-hand preference. People with a mixed-hand preference, however, had higher scores on PER-MAG (Perceptual Aberration and Magical Ideation) and HYP-IMP (Hypomania and Impulsive Non-Conformity) scales (positive traits). No effect was observed for the SAN (Social Anhedonia) and PAN (Physical Anhedonia) scales (negative traits). The nature of the association between schizotypy and handedness observed in the current study is similar to that reported for student populations. The possibility that the association is related to response biases or a biological mechanism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Chapman
- School of Psychology, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Tsuang HC, Liu CM, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG, Chen WJ. Handedness and schizotypy in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Laterality 2011; 16:690-706. [PMID: 21308606 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2010.511646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Existing studies have found the relationship between handedness and schizotypy to be inconsistent, and had limited generalisability since only highly homogeneous groups have been investigated. This study aimed to examine the relation between handedness and the four schizotypal factors identified from a previous confirmatory factor analysis in a population of high familial loading for schizophrenia. Study participants consisted of non-psychotic first-degree relatives (850 parents and 334 siblings) of sib-pairs who were co-affected with schizophrenia. All participants were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, which contains a section of the modified Structured Interview for Schizotypy, and the Annett handedness questionnaire. Both categorical and continuous indicators for handedness were examined. Non-right-handed siblings of schizophrenia patients displayed more positive schizotypal features than their right-handed counterparts when the two-way Annett's handedness classification was adopted. No association was found when handedness was treated as continuous. The relationship between handedness and schizotypy was insignificant for parents probably due to the strong social pressure against left-handedness. We concluded that categorical non-right-handedness was associated with positive schizotypy in non-psychotic siblings of schizophrenia patients. The results indicate that an atypical cerebral lateralisation underlying non-right-handedness may be also a contributing factor to positive schizotypy.
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The hierarchic structure in schizotypy and the five-factor model of personality. Psychiatry Res 2011; 185:78-83. [PMID: 20537405 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizotypal personality traits (schizotypy) might be seen as on a continuum with schizophrenia. However, controversy remains with regard to whether this continuum is quasi-dimensional, applying only to people with schizophrenia and schizotypy, or fully dimensional, applying to all people. If the fully dimensional model is accurate, schizotypy could be described by the same personality theories as are applied to people in general. We examined the relationship between schizotypy and the five-factor model of personality (FFM), which is arguably the most established contemporary personality theory. When we assumed a hierarchic structure of schizotypy factors, we found that the FFM scales could explain schizotypy fairly well regardless of the questionnaires used, suggesting that schizotypy might represent a variation better understood by reference to typical dimensions of personality, though it might still indicate a predisposition to schizophrenia. This article discusses this conclusion in relation to each of the five personality factors. A perspective that situates schizophrenia on a continuum with general personality variations implies that this disorder constitutes a potential risk for everyone and, thus, helps to promote understanding and correct misunderstandings that contribute to prejudice.
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[Distinguishing the voice of self from others: the self-monitoring hypothesis of auditory hallucination]. SHINRIGAKU KENKYU : THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 81:247-61. [PMID: 20845731 DOI: 10.4992/jjpsy.81.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Auditory hallucinations (AH), a psychopathological phenomenon where a person hears non-existent voices, commonly occur in schizophrenia. Recent cognitive and neuroscience studies suggest that AH may be the misattribution of one's own inner speech. Self-monitoring through neural feedback mechanisms allows individuals to distinguish between their own and others' actions, including speech. AH maybe the results of an individual's inability to discriminate between their own speech and that of others. The present paper tries to integrate the three theories (behavioral, brain, and model approaches) proposed to explain the self-monitoring hypothesis of AH. In addition, we investigate the lateralization of self-other representation in the brain, as suggested by recent studies, and discuss future research directions.
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Asai T, Sugimori E, Tanno Y. Schizotypal personality traits and atypical lateralization in motor and language functions. Brain Cogn 2009; 71:26-37. [PMID: 19394123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atypical cerebral lateralization in motor and language functions in regard to schizotypal personality traits in healthy populations, as well as among schizophrenic patients, has attracted attention because these traits may represent a risk factor for schizophrenia. Although the relationship between handedness and schizotypal personality has been widely examined, few studies have adopted an experimental approach. This study consisted of three experiments focusing on motor and language functional lateralization in regard to schizotypal personality in the absence of mental illness: line-drawing, finger tapping, and a semantic go/no-go task. The results suggested that positive schizotypal personality might be related to functional non-lateralization in regard to at least some functions (e.g., spatial motor control and semantic processing in the present study). Subjects with high schizotypal personality traits performed equally with their right and left-hands in the line-drawing task and they reacted equally with their right and left-hands in a semantic go/no-go task involving semantic auditory stimuli presented in both ears. However, those low in schizotypal personality traits showed typical lateralization in response to these tasks. We discuss the implications of these findings for schizotypal atypical lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Asai
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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