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Krishna S, Berridge B, Kleinstreuer N. High-Throughput Screening to Identify Chemical Cardiotoxic Potential. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:566-583. [PMID: 33346635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is one of the most prevalent public health concerns, and mounting evidence supports the contribution of environmental chemicals to CV disease burden. In this study, we performed cardiotoxicity profiling for the Tox21 chemical library by focusing on high-throughput screening (HTS) assays whose targets are associated with adverse events related to CV failure modes. Our objective was to develop new hypotheses around environmental chemicals of potential interest for adverse CV outcomes using Tox21/ToxCast HTS data. Molecular and cellular events linked to six failure modes of CV toxicity were cross-referenced with 1399 Tox21/ToxCast assays to identify cardio-relevant bioactivity signatures. The resulting 40 targets, measured in 314 assays, were integrated via a ToxPi visualization tool and ranking system to prioritize 1138 chemicals based upon formal integration across multiple domains of information. Filtering was performed based on cytotoxicity and generalized cell stress endpoints to try and isolate chemicals with effects specific to CV biology, and bioactivity- and structure-based clustering identified subgroups of chemicals preferentially affecting targets such as ion channels and vascular tissue biology. Our approach identified drugs with known cardiotoxic effects, such as estrogenic modulators like clomiphene and raloxifene, anti-arrhythmic drugs like amiodarone and haloperidol, and antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine. Several classes of environmental chemicals such as organotins, bisphenol-like chemicals, pesticides, and quaternary ammonium compounds demonstrated strong bioactivity against CV targets; these were compared to existing data in the literature (e.g., from cardiomyocytes, animal data, or human epidemiological studies) and prioritized for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Krishna
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 530 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Brian Berridge
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 530 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 530 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27560, United States
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Martínez MA, Ares I, Rodríguez JL, Martínez M, Roura-Martínez D, Castellano V, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A. Pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin induces hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1371-1382. [PMID: 29727961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine in rats the effects of the Type II pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform activities, oxidative stress markers, gene expression of proinflammatory, oxidative stress and apoptosis mediators, and CYP isoform gene expression and metabolism phase I enzyme PCR array analysis. Lambda-cyhalothrin, at oral doses of 1, 2, 4 and 8mg/kg bw for 6days, increased, in a dose-dependent manner, hepatic activities of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (CYP1A1), methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (CYP1A2), pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (CYP2B1/2), testosterone 7α- (CYP2A1), 16β- (CYP2B1), and 6β-hydroxylase (CYP3A1/2), and lauric acid 11- and 12-hydroxylase (CYP4A1/2). Similarly, lambda-cyhalothrin (4 and 8mg/kg bw, for 6days), in a dose-dependent manner, increased significantly hepatic CYP1A1, 1A2, 2A1, 2B1, 2B2, 2E1, 3A1, 3A2 and 4A1 mRNA levels and IL-1β, NFκB, Nrf2, p53, caspase-3 and Bax gene expressions. PCR array analysis showed from 84 genes examined (P<0.05; fold change>1.5), changes in mRNA levels in 18 genes: 13 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated. A greater fold change reversion than 3-fold was observed on the up-regulated ALDH1A1, CYP2B2, CYP2C80 and CYP2D4 genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) groups the expressed genes into biological mechanisms that are mainly related to drug metabolism. In the top canonical pathways, Oxidative ethanol degradation III together with Fatty Acid α-oxidation may be significant pathways for lambda-cyhalothrin. Our results may provide further understanding of molecular aspects involved in lambda-cyhalothrin-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Roura-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Castellano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Georgiadis N, Tsarouhas K, Tsitsimpikou C, Vardavas A, Rezaee R, Germanakis I, Tsatsakis A, Stagos D, Kouretas D. Pesticides and cardiotoxicity. Where do we stand? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 353:1-14. [PMID: 29885332 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the most significant causes of mortality in humans. Pesticides toxicity and risk for human health are controlled at a European level through a well-developed regulatory network, but cardiotoxicity is not described as a separate hazard class. Specific classification criteria should be developed within the frame of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 in order to classify chemicals as cardiotoxic, if applicable to avoid long-term cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to review the cardiac pathology and function impairment due to exposure to pesticides (i.e. organophosphates, organothiophisphates, organochlorines, carbamates, pyrethroids, dipyridyl herbicides, triazoles, triazines) based on both animal and human data. The majority of human data on cardiotoxicity of pesticides come from poisoning cases and epidemiological data. Several cardiovascular complications have been reported in animal models including electrocardiogram abnormalities, myocardial infarction, impaired systolic and diastolic performance, functional remodeling and histopathological findings, such as haemorrhage, vacuolisation, signs of apoptosis and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Georgiadis
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy; Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsarouhas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Mezourlo, Larissa 41110, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ioannis Germanakis
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Voutes, Heraklion, 71409 Crete, Greece
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece.
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Hongsibsong S, Stuetz W, Sus N, Prapamontol T, Grune T, Frank J. Dietary exposure to continuous small doses of α-cypermethrin in the presence or absence of dietary curcumin does not induce oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:1106-1114. [PMID: 28962322 PMCID: PMC5598094 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Cypermethrin induces toxicity in rats when administered at single high doses. In humans, exposure is primarily via contaminated food. Continuous dietary exposure does not cause oxidative stress or hepatotoxicity in rats. Single-dose gastric-intubation studies may have overestimated its toxicity in rats.
α-Cypermethrin is a widely used insecticide and, at high doses, induces oxidative stress in mammals. Curcumin is an antioxidant phytochemical commonly used for food coloring and flavoring. We aimed to investigate the effects of continuous dietary exposure to low doses of α-cypermethrin, as is the case in exposed humans, on oxidative stress and its potential prevention by dietary curcumin. Four groups of ten male Wistar rats were ad libitum-fed a control diet or identical diets fortified with α-cypermethrin (350 mg/kg diet), curcumin (1000 mg/kg diet), or α-cypermethrin and curcumin (350 and 1000 mg/kg diet, respectively) for 7 weeks. α-Cypermethrin accumulated in adipose tissues and was detectable in kidney, liver, and brains. Dietary α-cypermethrin did not alter concentrations of malondialdehyde, ascorbic and uric acid, retinol, liver damage markers, or the activities of CAT and SOD, but reduced vitamin E in blood. α-Cypermethrin did not affect malondialdehyde or reduced glutathione concentrations in any of the tissues, but significantly increased glutathione disulfide in kidney and subcutaneous adipose tissue. In conclusion, dietary exposure to small doses of α-cypermethrin did not induce oxidative stress in rats and may be less toxic than exposure to comparable quantities administered as single high doses by gastric intubation.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BW, bodyweight
- CAT, catalase
- Curcumin
- Food
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, glutathione disulfide
- LD50, median lethal dose
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Oxidative stress
- Pesticide
- Rats
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- α-Cypermethrin
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Affiliation(s)
- Surat Hongsibsong
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.,Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang Stuetz
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.,Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Sus
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tilman Grune
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Dar MA, Khan AM, Raina R, Verma PK, Sultana M. Effect of repeated oral administration of bifenthrin on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant parameters in Wistar rats. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 91:125-128. [PMID: 23728353 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative stress-inducing potential of the pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin, was evaluated in rats at 5.8 mg/kg body weight once daily for 20 or 30 days. Bifenthrin treated animals showed significantly increased lipid peroxidation, evidenced by increased blood malondialdehyde levels. Blood glutathione levels and activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase decreased significantly in the bifenthrin treated animals after both 20 and 30 days of treatment, whereas, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase decreased significantly only on the 30th day. In conclusion, bifenthrin has a potential to induce severe oxidative stress in rats exposed to sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Ahmad Dar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shere-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
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Khan AM, Sultana M, Raina R, Dubey N, Dar SA. Effect of Sub-Acute Toxicity of Bifenthrin on Antioxidant status and Hematology After its Oral Exposure in Goats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-013-0157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Purine Bases Oxidation and Repair Following Permethrin Insecticide Treatment in Rat Heart Cells. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2010; 10:199-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-010-9079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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El-Zayat E, Rawi S, Ismail N. Delayed Effects of Acute Deltamethrin Toxicity on Brain and Blood Monoamines and Free Amino Acids: Therapeutic Role of Selenium-Supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/rjet.2008.35.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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