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Nagel LC, Cavallini AQ, Tesky VA, Schall A, Katerinis KC, Meidinger C, Arens EA, Stangier U. Emotion regulation in older nursing home residents with and without depression and younger comparison samples. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:535-542. [PMID: 39163677 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to increase the understanding of emotion regulation (ER) and depression in older residents. METHODS A sample of depressed and non-depressed nursing home residents (N = 164, Mage = 82.63) were compared to younger patients with depression (N = 163, Mage = 37.4) and a non-clinical student sample (N = 635, Mage = 23.82). The Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and in the older adults, cognitive capacity, access to people, and a facet of mindfulness were assessed. With two MANCOVAs ER was compared between the depressed and non-depressed participants. RESULTS Depressed and non-depressed individuals differed significantly regrading Adjusting and Tolerating after controlling for age, with an interaction significant for Tolerating (p = .034). Access to people and monitoring of experience were significant predictors of ER in residents. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that include ER for older patients in nursing homes as a possibility to reduce age related stereotypes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentina A Tesky
- Department of General Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arthur Schall
- Department of General Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Carolin Meidinger
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth A Arens
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stangier
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Stover AD, Shulkin J, Lac A, Rapp T. A meta-analysis of cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 110:102428. [PMID: 38657292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal, an adaptive emotion regulation strategy that involves subjectively reinterpreting stressful and adverse experiences in a more positive manner, can enhance personal resilience. Personal resilience is a constellation of attributes that facilitate successful coping and an expeditious return to adaptive functioning after exposure to stress or adversity. This meta-analysis evaluated the association between cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience. A systematic and exhaustive search identified 64 independent samples from 55 studies (N = 29,824) that examined the correlation between cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience. A random-effects model revealed a positive summary effect (r = 0.47, p < .001), indicating that higher cognitive reappraisal was associated with higher personal resilience. Six potential meta-moderators were tested: culture, age, name of the cognitive reappraisal measure, name of the personal resilience measure, study design, and publication period. After two extreme effect size outliers were omitted, tests of publication bias did not reveal any publication bias in this line of research. This quantitative synthesis offers compelling evidence showing that cognitive reappraisal skills operate as a protective strategy against stress and adversity and, therefore, enhance personal resilience. The protective benefits of cognitive reappraisal in relation to personal resilience are relatively robust, as the correlations were statistically significant for all subgroups in the meta-moderation analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Stover
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America.
| | - Josh Shulkin
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America
| | - Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America
| | - Timothy Rapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States of America
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Huang H, Su Y, Liao L, Li R, Wang L. Perceived organizational support, self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal on resilience in emergency nurses who sustained workplace violence: A mediation analysis. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:2379-2391. [PMID: 38050872 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support and resilience; (b) to investigate the potential mediating role of general self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal among emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence; and (c) to explore the application of Kumpfer's resilience framework to emergency department nurses. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS From February 17, 2021, to March 8, 2021, 825 emergency nurses working in the emergency departments of tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China, completed an online survey. Data on resilience, organizational support, cognitive reappraisal and general self-efficacy were collected through questionnaires. The Spearman analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between variables, while the mediation analysis was conducted using AMOS 23.0 statistical software. RESULTS The findings of a study involving 825 emergency nurses who reported experiencing workplace violence reveal a positive correlation between perceived organizational support and resilience. Additionally, it has been observed that the relationship between these two factors is mediated by both cognitive reappraisal and general self-efficacy. Furthermore, the mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal is more significant in this relationship. CONCLUSION Kumpfer's resilience framework is found to apply to emergency nurses. Perceived organizational support, an environmental factor, affects resilience directly and positively. In addition, cognitive reappraisal and general self-efficacy, which are individual factors, mediate this influence path. These findings suggest an interaction between environmental and individual factors in determining the resilience of emergency nurses. IMPACT These findings have implications for developing resilience intervention strategies for emergency nurses exposed to occupational violence. Enhancing personal attributes such as general self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal is as significant as strengthening external organizational support environments for enhancing nurses' resilience. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Emergency nurses participated in the pilot test of our questionnaire survey and gave their opinions on the questionnaire design. SUMMARY STATEMENT What is already known about the topic? In emergency rooms, workplace violence is prevalent, and it seriously endangers nurses' physical and mental health. Enhancing resilience can improve nurses' ability to self-regulate after experiencing violence. However, the drivers and mechanisms of resilience among emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence remain unidentified. What this paper adds? This study confirms the applicability of Kumpfer's resilience framework to emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence. Nurses' self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal mediate the relationship between perceived organizational support and resilience after exposure to workplace violence. The resilience process for emergency nurses involves the interaction of individual and environmental factors. Implications for practice/policy. Managers and researchers should consider the interaction between individual and environmental factors when developing resilience intervention strategies for emergency nurses who have suffered workplace violence. It is essential to support emergency nurses from the dyadic dimensions of the environment and the individual. A supportive organizational environment and individual positive adjustment strategies are equally important in promoting resilience among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Huang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Su
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Liao
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Li Q, Ye X, Li Z, Yang S, Yin L, Li BM, Wang C. Association between stressful life events and sleep quality in Chinese university students: Mediating and moderating roles of emotion regulation. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241248940. [PMID: 38686932 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241248940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether emotion regulation mediates or modulates the relationship of SLEs with sleep quality and potential sex differences. A total of 1447 Chinese university students completed the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The results indicated that both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression significantly mediated and moderated the negative association between SLEs and sleep quality. Additionally, sex differences were found for the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal and for the modulating roles of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in the relationship between SLEs and sleep quality. Although the present cross-sectional data does not allow us to test any causal relationships, these results help clarify the underlying emotion-regulation process between SLEs and sleep in university students and highlight the importance of considering sex differences in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zheng Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | | | | | - Bao-Ming Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, China
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- Hangzhou Normal University, China
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, China
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Gupta S, Fischer J, Roy S, Bhattacharyya A. Emotional regulation and suicidal ideation-Mediating roles of perceived social support and avoidant coping. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1377355. [PMID: 38629033 PMCID: PMC11018903 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent research has uncovered a wide prevalence variation of suicidal ideation in university students ranging from 9.7% to 58.3%. India has witnessed a 4.5% increase in suicide rates in the year 2021. The interplay between cognitive reappraisal of a stressful situation, suppression of emotional expression, and coping strategies for suicidal ideation of Indian University students is yet to be explored. We aim to determine whether suicidal ideation would differ across different types of family units, and to predict the extent to which perceived social support and avoidant coping could mediate the relation between emotion regulation processes and suicidal ideation. Methods Two hundred randomly selected University students (Mean age = 19.9, SD = 1.43) participated. Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's product-moment correlation, and GLM mediation model were computed. Results and discussion Lifetime suicidal ideation significantly differed between those who stay alone and those who live in a nuclear family (p < 0.01), and also those who stay in a joint family (p < 0.05). Cognitive reappraisal predicted a reduction in suicidal ideation mediated by perceived social support (B = -0.06, p < 0.05) and avoidant coping (B = -0.07, p < 0.05). Whereas, expressive suppression predicted induced levels of suicidal ideation through perceived social support (B = 0.05, p < 0.05), and avoidant coping (B = 0.06, p < 0.05) as mediators. Conclusion Though our sample size restricts the generalization, our findings implied the importance of regular psychological consultation regarding the efficacy of the said coping processes in dealing with suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Gupta
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jonathan Fischer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sakhi Roy
- Amity School of Economics, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Atreyee Bhattacharyya
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Montejano-Lozoya R, Alcañiz-Garrán MDM, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Sánchez-Alcón M, García-Sanjuan S, Sanjuán-Quiles Á. Affective Impact on Informal Caregivers over 70 Years of Age: A Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:329. [PMID: 38338215 PMCID: PMC10855777 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Given today's rapidly ageing society, family members providing informal care to dependent older adults face ever-increasing challenges. The aim of this study was to describe the affective impact on older adults over 70 years of age caring for a dependent older person at home. A qualitative study was designed from a phenomenological perspective. Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers aged 70 or older. A content analysis of the interviews was carried out in five stages. Three themes were identified: "Emotions", "Feelings", and "Looking to the future". Caregivers express negative emotions (sadness, anger, and fear) and feelings of social and emotional isolation, and they feel abandoned by health professionals, family, and friends. In conclusion, prolonged caregiving by older adults has a negative affective impact and creates uncertainty about the future. There is a need to devise social and healthcare policies and actions, creating social support networks to improve their health and emotional wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sofía García-Sanjuan
- Department of Nursing, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (S.G.-S.); (Á.S.-Q.)
| | - Ángela Sanjuán-Quiles
- Department of Nursing, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (S.G.-S.); (Á.S.-Q.)
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Orlando I, Filippini N. Aging modulates frontal lobes involvement in emotion regulation processing. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25282. [PMID: 38284857 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) is the process by which individuals can modulate the intensity of their emotional experience and it plays a crucial role in daily life. So far, behavioral analyses seem to suggest that ER ability remains stable throughout the lifespan. However, imaging studies evaluating the neural correlates of ER performance during the aging process have shown mixed results. In this study, we used the "Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience cohort sample" to investigate: (1) ER behavioral performance and (2) the differential association between brain measures (based on both structural and functional connectivity data) and ER performance, in a group of younger/middle-aged participants (N = 159; age range: 18y < x < 58y) relative to a group of older healthy subjects (N = 136; age range: 58y < =x < 89y). Whereas we found no group-related differences either in ER behavioral data or the association between ER performance and structural data, we did observe that ER performance was differentially correlated in our two study groups to functional connectivity measures in the fronto-insular-temporal network, which has been shown to be involved in emotional processing. Group-related differences were specifically localized in a cluster of voxels within the anterior cingulate areas which revealed a reverse pattern between our study groups: in younger/middle-aged participants better ER performance was associated with increase connectivity, whereas among older participants better ER performance was related to reduced connectivity. Based on our results, we suggest that a de-differentiation mechanism, known to affect the frontal lobes brain activity and connectivity in older subjects, might explain our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Orlando
- Dept. of Psychology, Salesian Pontifical University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Filippini
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Neurodegeneration, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
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Yu X, Du H, Li D, Sun P, Pi S. The Influence of Social Exclusion on High School Students' Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4725-4735. [PMID: 38024658 PMCID: PMC10676663 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s431622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose High school students face various pressures such as academic and interpersonal relationships, which can easily lead to depression. Social exclusion is one of the important influencing factors for adolescent depression, but there is still limited research on the mechanisms of the impact that social exclusion has on depression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of social exclusion on depression among high school students, as well as the mediating role of thwarted belongingness and the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal. Methods Researchers assessed 1041 high school students using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Adolescent Social Exclusion Scale, Interpersonal Needs Scale, and Emotion Regulation Scale. Results (1) Social exclusion was negatively associated with cognitive reappraisal (r = -0.224, p < 0.001), and positively associated with thwarted belongingness and depression (r = 0.657, 0.490, p <0.001). Thwarted belongingness was positively associated with depression (r = 0.617, p <0.001), and negatively associated with cognitive reappraisal (r = -0.325, p <0.001). Cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with depression (r = -0.280, p < 0.01). (2) Social exclusion could directly predict depression, 95% CI [0.08, 0.21]. Thwarted belongingness played a partial mediating role between social exclusion and depression, 95% CI [0.30, 0.40]. (3) Cognitive reappraisal moderated the predictive effect of thwarted belongingness on depression. Conclusion Social exclusion can influence depression through thwarted belongingness and cognitive reappraisal, and educators can reduce depression by decreasing thwarted belongingness and promoting the use of cognitive reappraisal strategies by high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yu
- Department of Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixin Du
- Department of Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Department of Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peizhen Sun
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Pi
- Department of Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
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Lee KH, Jun JS. Grief, Social Support, Spirituality, and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in Assisted Living in Kansas. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED SOCIAL WORK (2019) 2023; 20:765-779. [PMID: 37843264 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2023.2211970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of grief, social support, as well as spirituality on the depressive symptoms of older adults in assisted living in Kansas. This study tested three hypotheses: a high level of grief will be related to a high level of depressive symptoms; high levels of social support (family, friends, and significant persons) will be associated with a low level of depressive symptoms; and high levels of spiritual experience and coping will be associated with a low level of depressive symptoms. METHODS This study recruited 316 older adult residents aged 65 or over from seven assisted living facilities in Kansas. This cross-sectional survey was done by face-to-face interviews using the purposive sampling method. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the three sets of variables in relation to depressive symptoms: socio-demographics, social support factors, and spiritual factors. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 82.6 years, ranging from 65 to 102; 70.9% were female. Married participants consisted of 18.7%, and over 64% were widowed. Hierarchical multivariate regression results indicated that a high level of grief was significantly related to a high level of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, high levels of social support from friends and spiritual coping were significantly associated with a low level of depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Assisted living facilities may consider developing appropriate bereavement, social support, and spiritual intervention programs, which will alleviate the depression issues of older adult residents after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hag Lee
- School of Social Work, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Jung Sim Jun
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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10
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Choi SL, Choi JM, McDonough IM, Jiang Z, Black SR. Aging alone and financial insecurity predict depression: a path analysis of objective and subjective indices. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:2238-2247. [PMID: 37561077 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2243446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study draws on conservation of resources theory and transactional stress theory to guide our understanding of how social isolation, financial insecurity, and social support serve as a balance of both risk and protection for late-life depression. METHODS Data were from the Leave-Behind Questionnaire in the 2016 (N = 4293) and 2018 (N = 4714) waves of the Health and Retirement Study. We conducted a cross-sectional path analysis via structural equation modeling, including objective and subjective perspectives. The same model was tested in both samples. RESULTS Both social isolation and financial insecurity were associated with depression. We found several mediating risks and protective factors of these relationships. Objective financial status affected depression through both perceived financial insecurity and perceived social isolation, whereas objective isolation affected depression through perceived social support. This mediation model was -significant after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSION This study underscores the importance of investigating the balance between risk and protection for depression, in the rising number of older adults aging alone in society. Findings suggest that objective and perceived measures offer unique windows into psychological constructs. Considering both objective and subjective perspectives may provide alternative targets for subsequent interventions to improve mental health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae L Choi
- Department of Consumer Sciences, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jaimie M Choi
- Carruth Center for Counseling and Psychological Services, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ian M McDonough
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Zhehan Jiang
- Institute of Medical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheila R Black
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Karam JM, Fekih-Romdhane F, Fawaz M, Malaeb D, Obeid S, Hallit S. The moderating effect of emotion regulation in the association between social support and religiosity and psychological distress in adults. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:120. [PMID: 37069666 PMCID: PMC10108791 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanese adults face daily obstacles due to their numerous responsibilities and non-ending external pressures to the extent that Lebanon has been ranked second among highest negative experiences countries worldwide. A sparse number of international studies showed that positive social support, religiosity and cognitive reappraisal would decrease psychological distress, but none in Lebanon. This study aimed to evaluate the association between social support, religiosity and psychological distress among Lebanese adults, taking into consideration the moderating role of emotion regulation. METHODS 387 adult participants enrolled in this cross-sectional study between May and July 2022. Participants were chosen from five different governorates in Lebanon, using the snowball sampling technique, and were asked to complete a structured questionnaire, which included the following scales: the Mature Religiosity Scale, the Emotional Regulation Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS The interaction social support by cognitive reappraisal was significantly associated with psychological distress; at high levels of cognitive reappraisal and low levels of expressive suppression, higher social support (Beta = - 0.07; p = .007) was significantly associated with lower psychological distress. The same was found at high levels of cognitive reappraisal and moderate levels of expressive suppression (Beta = - 0.08; p = .021). Social support alone was not significantly associated with psychological distress in the model (Beta = 0.15; t = 1.04; p = .300; 95% CI - 0.14; 0.44). CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study has provided evidence that the adequate use of emotional regulation skills such as high level of cognitive reappraisal and low level of expressive suppression with presence of social support would remarkably decrease psychological distress. This result casts a new light on clinical approaches to tackle this association between the emotional regulation of a patient in interpersonal psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mirna Fawaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Tareek Al Jadida, Afeef Al Tiba, Beirut, 1105, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, P.O. Box: 4184, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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Bruefach T, Carr DC, Sachs-Ericsson N. History of childhood mistreatment and the psychological health consequences of COVID-19 for older adults. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:563-571. [PMID: 35658644 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2084713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examine the associations between childhood mistreatment (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect) and older adults' changes in depressive symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2018-June 2020). METHODS Using a community-based sample of older adults in North Florida (N = 581), we used ordinary least-squares regression to estimate associations between childhood mistreatments and depressive symptoms in June 2020, controlling for baseline symptoms and demographic characteristics. Additional models tested whether emotion regulation and social support attenuated associations between childhood mistreatments and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Older adults exposed to emotional neglect in childhood saw a greater increase in depressive symptoms than those who did not experience childhood mistreatment. Those reporting childhood physical abuse had higher baseline depressive symptoms, but they did not increase during the pandemic. These associations remained stable after controlling for emotion regulation and social support, coping resources thought to contribute to linkages between childhood mistreatment and psychological health in adulthood. CONCLUSION Childhood mistreatment might inform the psychological consequences of major stressors in later life. Thus, early life interventions for children experiencing mistreatment could be especially important for long-term psychological health outcomes and responses to major stressful events. Identifying older people with histories of childhood mistreatment could also help clinicians gauge patients' risk of psychological decline during times such as the COVID-19 pandemic and tailor psychological health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bruefach
- Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Dawn C Carr
- Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Gao B, Li K, Liu J, Liu X, Zhang J, Xu C, He Y, Feng Z, Zhao M. Life events and depression among children and adolescents in southwest China: a two-stage moderated mediation model of social support and cognitive styles. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:819. [PMID: 36544175 PMCID: PMC9773431 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to data from the National Health Commission in 2018, more than 30 million children and adolescents in China suffered from mental health problems of varying degrees, with depression accounting for the largest proportion. Life events occur at every stage of child and adolescent development. Many studies have found a relationship between life events and depression in children and adolescents, but few studies have further explored the mediating and moderating variables that influence this relationship. Based on theoretical and empirical research on social support and cognitive styles, this study established a two-stage moderated mediating model to test whether social support mediates life events to depression, and cognitive style moderates the two mediating pathways. METHODS We recruited 3540 participants from primary and secondary schools in Chongqing and collected 2814 valid data. All the participants completed self-report measures of life events, depression, social support and cognitive styles. The moderated mediation model was examined using SPSS PROCESS model 58. RESULTS (1) There were significant positive correlations between life events and depression. (2) Social support mediates the relationship between life events and depression in children and adolescents. (3) Cognitive style moderates life events to social support and social support to depression. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study and the questionnaire is self-reported. CONCLUSIONS In children and adolescents, life events can influence depression through the mediating role of social support and cognitive styles could moderate its two mediating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Gao
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, WuHan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Dapartment of Foreign Languages, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Army Health Service Training Base, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhao He
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, WuHan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhi Feng
- Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengxue Zhao
- Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Roh HW, Cho EJ, Son SJ, Hong CH. The moderating effect of cognitive function on the association between social support and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:185-190. [PMID: 36057289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The moderating effect of cognitive function on the association between social support and late-life depressive symptoms has not been thoroughly investigated. Identifying cognitive function as a possible moderator of this association might help plan community-based interventions for late-life depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants were community-dwelling older adults who visited a community-based mental health center. The ENRICHD Social Support Instrument and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale were used to evaluate social support and depressive symptoms, respectively. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Data from 1088 and 506 participants were included in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of social support on depressive symptoms and the possible moderating effect of cognition. RESULTS After adjusting for possible confounders, greater social support at baseline was associated with fewer depressive symptoms in both cross-sectional (estimate = -0.25 standard error [SE] = 0.03, P < 0.001) and longitudinal analyses (estimate = -0.11, SE = 0.05, P = 0.014). Moreover, the association between social support and depressive symptoms was significantly moderated by cognitive function (P for interaction < 0.001 for cross-sectional analysis, and P for interaction = 0.011 for longitudinal analysis). LIMITATIONS The tool for assessing social support was self-reported. There may have been a selection bias in the study sample. CONCLUSIONS Greater social support was associated with fewer late-life depressive symptoms in both analyses. However, social support may have less benefits for alleviating depressive symptoms in older adults with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woong Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Cho
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Preston T, Carr DC, Hajcak G, Sheffler J, Sachs-Ericsson N. Cognitive reappraisal, emotional suppression, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in later life: The moderating role of gender. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2390-2398. [PMID: 34842002 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1998350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although socioemotional selectivity (SST) suggests that people experience more positive affect as they age, symptoms of anxiety and depression persist and are often greater in older women than men. Coping strategies may influence the extent to which older adults experience these symptoms. The purpose of the current study is to examine possible gender differences in the use of an adaptive (cognitive reappraisal (CR) and a maladaptive (emotive suppression (ES) emotion regulation strategy in relation to depressive and anxiety symptoms. METHOD Our study uses cross-sectional data drawn from a community sample of older adults (60+; n = 906). We used OLS regression and moderation analyses to test our study hypotheses. RESULTS Gender moderated the association between CR in both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Women reported greater use of CR relative to men. Further, CR use was negatively related to symptoms of anxiety and depression in women, but not men. In contrast, men used ES more frequently than women, though older men and women's use of ES was unrelated to anxiety or depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings provide initial evidence that greater CR use in older women is related to lower symptoms of both anxiety and depression relative to older men. Age-related increases in CR use (e.g. SST) among women may serve to decrease anxiety and depression symptoms. Findings suggest decreasing anxiety and depressive symptoms via CR may benefit older women more than older men. Future research is needed to identify the coping strategies that are most beneficial for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Preston
- Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Dawn C Carr
- Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Julia Sheffler
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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16
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Kellerman JK, Millner AJ, Joyce VW, Nash CC, Buonopane R, Nock MK, Kleiman EM. Social Support and Nonsuicidal Self-injury among adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:1351-1361. [PMID: 35579780 PMCID: PMC10773970 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies and prospective studies with long follow-up periods (e.g., years) have shown that lower levels of social support are associated with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. This study examined how short-term changes in social support may contribute to NSSI behavior and whether different sources of support (e.g., friends, family members) provide differential protective effects against NSSI. We examined fluctuations in NSSI and social support perceived from multiple sources among a sample of 118 high-risk adolescents hospitalized for serious self-harm risk. Participants provided daily reports of social support and any self-injurious behavior for the duration of their inpatient treatment (721 total observations, average observations per participant = 6.11). Multi-level models were used to assess variability in social support and how these fluctuations relate to whether or not an individual engages in NSSI. Over one-third of participants reported engaging in NSSI at least once during inpatient hospitalization and self-reported social support varied within person across sources of support (ICC range = 0.68-0.81). Support perceived from family members and inpatient unit staff was inversely associated with NSSI, but no relationship was found between NSSI and support from other patients on the unit or friends outside of the unit. These findings suggest that the protective effects of social support for NSSI vary over short periods of time and that support perceived from adults is particularly relevant among this high-risk clinical sample. This study represents an important step in identifying risk factors to improve the detection and prevention of NSSI among adolescent inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Kellerman
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue E, Room 627, 08854, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Alexander J Millner
- Franciscan Children's Hospital, Brighton, MA, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Carol C Nash
- Franciscan Children's Hospital, Brighton, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew K Nock
- Franciscan Children's Hospital, Brighton, MA, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evan M Kleiman
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue E, Room 627, 08854, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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17
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Sardella A, Lenzo V, Basile G, Martino G, Quattropani MC. Emotion regulation strategies and difficulties in older adults: A systematic review. Clin Gerontol 2022; 46:280-301. [PMID: 36163629 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2128706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the types of emotion regulation (ER) strategies used and difficulties in emotion regulation experienced by older adults, within the theoretical frameworks proposed by Gross, and by Gratz and Roemer, respectively. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using principal electronic scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. RESULTS The final number of articles included was 44. Older adults reported a higher use of adaptive ER strategies, as well as fewer difficulties in ER, compared with younger adults. Findings from this review also suggest that the use of maladaptive ER strategies can also expose older adults to psychological distress, and may affect their adaptation to negative disease-related outcomes more common in later life. CONCLUSIONS Older adults generally showed a greater emotional control compared with younger subjects. Adaptive control strategies, rather than maladaptive control strategies, were correlated with more positive outcomes for psychological distress and adaptation to chronic diseases. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Understanding the nature of ER processes in older adults may contribute to implement tailored interventions aimed at reinforcing adaptive ER processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sardella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Social and Educational Sciences of the Mediterranean Area, University for Foreigners "Dante Alighieri" of Reggio Calabria, Reggio, Italy
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Martino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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18
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Brothers SL, Gereau MM, DesRuisseaux LA, Suchy Y. Reappraising cognitive reappraisal: The taxing impact of emotion regulation on executive functioning in older adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:1-14. [PMID: 36094061 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) are two common emotion regulation strategies that share similar cognitive and neural underpinnings. Prior research has consistently shown that recent engagement in ES (both self-reported and experimentally manipulated) is associated with subsequent temporary decrements in executive functioning (EF). Thus far, only one study has examined the association between CR and EF, with null results. However, that study was limited by examining only zero-order correlations and by assessing only the speed, not accuracy, of EF performance. The present study examined multivariate relationships among recent CR, recent ES, and EF (both speed and accuracy), as well as the potential impacts of more chronic engagements in, and trait-level preferences between, the two emotion regulation strategies. METHOD Participants were 201 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 to 93 who had participated in three separate studies examining the relationship between self-reported emotion regulation and EF. RESULTS Recent CR was associated with EF performance accuracy above and beyond chronic CR. Both recent CR and ES contributed to EF performance accuracy uniquely beyond each other and beyond chronic and preferred emotion regulation. CONCLUSIONS Both recent ES and CR appear to have a deleterious impact on EF performance accuracy, potentially due to utilization of similar resources; both should be accounted for when assessing emotion regulation and its impacts on EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Brothers
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michelle M Gereau
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Yana Suchy
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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19
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Lv F, Yu M, Li J, Tan J, Ye Z, Xiao M, Zhu Y, Guo S, Liu Y, Gao D. Young Adults' Loneliness and Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:842738. [PMID: 35756197 PMCID: PMC9218478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, millions of people have been infected with the disease. The COVID-19 pandemic also produced severe mental health problems, such as loneliness and depression. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal and moderating role of resilience in the relationship between young adults’ loneliness and depression during the pandemic by adopting a cross-sectional research approach. In March 2020, 654 young adults (18–29 years old) were recruited to complete the measures for loneliness, depression, emotion regulation, and resilience. Results found that loneliness was positively and moderately associated with depression (r = 0.531, p < 0.001), and that both loneliness and depression were separately negatively associated with cognitive reappraisal (r = −0.348, p < 0.001; r = −0.424, p < 0.001) and resilience (r = −0.436, p < 0.001; r = −0.419, p < 0.001). The results indicated that both loneliness and depression were not associated with expressive suppression (r = 0.067, p = 0.087; r = −0.002, p = 0.961). The moderated mediation model results revealed that only cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between loneliness and depression (b = −0.301; Boot 95% CI = −0.388, −0.215). In addition, the results of the moderated mediation model indicated that resilience moderated the association between loneliness and depression (b = 0.035, p < 0.001, Boot 95% CI = 0.014, 0.055), while also moderated the impact of cognitive reappraisal on depression (b = −0.031, p < 0.001, Boot 95% CI = −0.058, −0.005). These findings have practical implications that broaden our understanding of depression in young adults and shed light on how to enhance cognitive reappraisal and resilience as a means of combating depression in this age group during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Lv
- Department of Psychology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Psychology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Psychology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbin Tan
- Department of Psychology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhang Ye
- Department of Psychology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Xiao
- Department of Psychology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Educational and Technology, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalin Zhu
- Department of Psychology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Guo
- School of Cultural Tourism and Geography, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Psychology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingguo Gao
- Department of Psychology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Martins ELM, Salamene LC, Lucchetti ALG, Lucchetti G. The association of mental health with positive behaviours, attitudes and virtues in community-dwelling older adults: Results of a population-based study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:392-402. [PMID: 33789516 DOI: 10.1177/0020764021999690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite major advancements in understanding of the factors associated with mental health in older adults, studies assessing positive behaviours, attitudes and virtues are still scarce in the literature. AIMS This study aims to investigate whether factors related to positive behaviours, attitudes and virtues are associated with mental health (i.e. depression, anxiety and stress) and satisfaction with life in Brazilian community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional study of Brazilian older adults who were users of the public health system and seen by Family Health teams was conducted in 2017. Instruments were applied to assess cognition, physical activity, sleep, quality of life, social support, religiousness, spirituality, satisfaction with life, resilience, altruism, volunteerism, loneliness, meaning in life and mental health (i.e. depression, anxiety and stress). Analyses were carried out using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 534 (93.5%) older adults were included. Positive behavioural factors and values including volunteerism, meaning in life, resilience, peace, loneliness, faith and religiousness were associated with mental health outcomes (i.e. depression, anxiety and stress), as were traditional factors, such as sleep, gender, social support and cognitive state. CONCLUSIONS Aspects related to positive behaviour, attitudes and virtues can impact the mental health of the older population. These results can serve to alert health professionals on the importance of addressing these factors and help guide the implementation of preventive measures and interventions for this age group.
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21
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Savela R, Schwab U, Välimäki T. An integrative review of the social determinants of mental health among older caregivers. Nurs Open 2022; 9:94-107. [PMID: 34655273 PMCID: PMC8685836 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the reported social determinants of mental health among older caregivers in the previous caregiving literature. DESIGN An integrative literature review method of Whittemore and Knafl. METHODS CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, and Science Direct were searched from January 1999 to December 2019. A systematic approach and data analysis were used. The evidence of a multilevel framework by the World Health Organization was used to examine the social determinants of mental health. RESULTS Twelve articles were included. "Levels of physical health" was mainly cited factor linked to mental health inequalities among older caregivers. However, the evidence regarding caregivers' gender-related, ethnic and socioeconomic differences in mental health was relatively limited. CONCLUSION Future research and screening programs on social determinants of mental health among older caregivers are necessary to tackle mental health inequalities. Implications informed by this research could sustain mental health equity among older caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of MedicineInstitute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical NutritionKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Tarja Välimäki
- Department of Nursing ScienceUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
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22
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Xu C, Xu Y, Xu S, Zhang Q, Liu X, Shao Y, Xu X, Peng L, Li M. Cognitive Reappraisal and the Association Between Perceived Stress and Anxiety Symptoms in COVID-19 Isolated People. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:858. [PMID: 32982809 PMCID: PMC7492600 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine how the emotion regulation strategy, cognitive reappraisal, affects the association between perceived stress and anxiety symptoms in COVID-19 isolated people. Data for this cross-sectional study come from a community-based online survey of COVID-19 isolated people (N = 328), who are not infected with the 2019-nCoV virus. We applied correlation and moderating effect for data analysis and found that cognitive reappraisal negatively moderated the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety symptoms. These results give us a new perspective on understanding the relationship between anxiety symptoms and perceived stress by clarifying the protective function of cognitive reappraisal. It buffers the induced negative emotion when COVID-19 isolated people perceive overpressure, and thus instigates future research into targeted clinical interventions, which aim to cultivate cognitive reappraisal skills for those isolated people in the face of stressful events or crisis events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Psychology, The 991th Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Shao
- Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Military Psychology, Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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