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Sim YJ, Townsend RF, Mills S, Stocker R, Stevenson E, McEvoy C, Fairley AM. Understanding engagement in diet and dementia prevention research among British South Asians: a short report of findings from a patient and public involvement group. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:899-908. [PMID: 38713734 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a global public health challenge. Evidence suggests that individuals from South Asian communities are an at-risk group for dementia, partly as a result of early and cumulative exposure to known dementia risk factors, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. There needs to be more culturally appropriate community engagement to increase awareness of dementia and identify better strategies to encourage participation in dementia-related research. METHODS We aimed to better understand the barriers and facilitators towards engaging with, and participating in, diet and dementia related research among British South Asians. This was achieved using a public and patient involvement (PPI) approach. A community-based, engagement event involving information sharing from experts and roundtable discussions with South Asian communities (n = 26 contributors) was held in June 2023 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Collaboration from preidentified PPI representatives (n = 3) informed the content and structure of PPI activities, as well as recruitment. Data were synthesised using template analysis, a form of codebook thematic analysis. This involved deductively analysing data using relevant a priori themes, which were expanded upon, or modified, via inductive analysis. RESULTS The findings highlighted the importance of trust, representation and appreciation of cultural barriers as facilitators to engagement in diet and dementia risk reduction research. Consideration of language barriers, time constraints, social influences and how to embed community outreach activities were reported as driving factors to maximise participation. CONCLUSIONS This PPI work will inform the design and co-creation of a culturally adapted dietary intervention for brain health in accordance with the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health and Care Research guidance for developing complex interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi J Sim
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca F Townsend
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Susanna Mills
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel Stocker
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire McEvoy
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrea M Fairley
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Strooij BT, Blom MT, van Hout HPJ, Maarsingh OR, Elders PJM, van Campen JPCM, van der Heide I, Verheij RA, Joling KJ. Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Older Persons With Dementia: Does a Migration Background Matter? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:105150. [PMID: 39009066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research in the general population shows more potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) among persons with a migration background compared with persons without a migration background. This study investigated the association between non-Western (nw) migration background (MB) and dementia-specific PIMs in older adults with dementia in the Netherlands. DESIGN Cohort study using routinely recorded electronic health records and administrative data. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Electronic health record data of general practitioners from the NIVEL-Primary Care Database, were linked to registries managed by Statistics Netherlands (2013-2014). A total of 9055 community-dwelling older adults with dementia were included, among whom 294 persons had an nw-MB from Africa, South America, or Asia, based on their country of birth. METHODS We determined the presence of dementia-specific PIM prescriptions and compared this between persons with an nw-MB and without an MB, using logistic regression analysis adjusted for follow-up time, age, registered sex, and total number of prescriptions. Interaction effects of potentially relevant covariates were tested. The 3 largest nw-MB groups in the Netherlands were analyzed separately. RESULTS Dementia-specific PIMs were less frequently prescribed to persons with an nw-MB compared to persons without an MB with a dementia diagnosis [30.6% vs 34.4%, odds ratio (OR) 0.71, 95% CI 0.54-0.92], with especially less often a benzodiazepine prescription in the group with an nw-MB, compared to persons without an MB (15.0% vs 19.3%, OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43-0.84). Dementia duration, living alone, household income, and degree of urbanization did not influence the associations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Among older adults with dementia in the Netherlands, persons with an nw-MB had less often a dementia-specific PIM prescription compared to persons without an MB. Whether this difference is a reflection of better quality of care, higher professional uncertainty, or less recognition of (mental) health problems in persons with an nw-MB and dementia, needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca T Strooij
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein P J van Hout
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Otto R Maarsingh
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Iris van der Heide
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Verheij
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn J Joling
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Giebel C, Hanna K, Tetlow H, Gabbay M, Cannon J. Co-producing a board game to learn and engage about dementia inequalities: First impacts on knowledge in the general population. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13977. [PMID: 39102705 PMCID: PMC10792594 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receiving and accessing care after a diagnosis of dementia, both for the person and their carer, are fraught with inequalities. The aim of this public engagement activity was to co-produce a board game about dementia inequalities to facilitate learning, dialogue and educate about different barriers, and facilitators, to diagnosis and care and to test the game's impact on dementia knowledge with the general public. METHODS Two virtual and two face-to-face workshops with people with dementia, unpaid carers, health and social care professionals and Third Sector representatives were held between October 2022 and June 2023. Virtual workshops involved discussions of inequalities and how a board game may feature inequalities. The first face-to-face workshop was split into the same activities, aided by outcomes from workshops 1 and 2. Workshop 4 attendees tested the prototype. The impact of the game on knowledge about dementia and inequalities was tested at a game play workshop in October 2023. RESULTS Forty stakeholders attended four workshops. Workshops provided step-by-step thoughts on how the game could be designed or modified. The final game, prototype tested in workshop 4, consists of a one-sided, two-half board depicting the prediagnosis process (left half) and postdiagnosis process (right half). Fifty-two members of the general public participated in the game play workshop, which led to significant improvements in knowledge about dementia (p < .001) and inequalities (p < .001). DISCUSSION The game can be used to improve knowledge about dementia inequalities for health and social care professionals, carers, people living with dementia, decision makers and the general public. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This engagement activity fully involved people with dementia, unpaid carers, health and social care professionals and Third Sector representatives throughout, with two unpaid carers as public advisers on the team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Giebel
- Department of Primary Care and Mental HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West CoastLiverpoolUK
| | - Kerry Hanna
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Hilary Tetlow
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West CoastLiverpoolUK
- SURF LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Mark Gabbay
- Department of Primary Care and Mental HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West CoastLiverpoolUK
| | - Jacqui Cannon
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West CoastLiverpoolUK
- Lewy Body SocietyWiganUK
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Blomberg O, Svedin F, Farrand P, Brantnell A, von Essen L, Patriksson Karlsson J, Åberg AC, Woodford J. Adaptation of a guided low-intensity behavioral activation intervention for people with dementia in Sweden: a qualitative study exploring the needs and preferences of key stakeholders. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:113. [PMID: 38291349 PMCID: PMC10826011 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite depression being prevalent in people with dementia, contributing to negative health outcomes and placing increased burden on individuals and family members, access to psychological interventions is limited. A potential solution is guided low-intensity behavioral activation, supported by informal caregivers and guided by healthcare professionals. However, it is necessary to adapt interventions to meet the needs and preferences of key stakeholders to enhance acceptability and relevance. Study objectives were to: (1) explore needs and preferences concerning the content and delivery model of the guided low-intensity behavioral activation intervention; and (2) adapt the intervention to ensure cultural appropriateness, relevancy, and acceptability to people with dementia and their caregivers in Sweden. METHODS Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals (n = 18), community stakeholders (n = 7), people with dementia (n = 8), and informal caregivers (n = 19). A draft of the written low-intensity behavioral activation intervention and a description of the proposed intervention delivery model were provided to participants. Open-ended questions explored the perceived relevance of the intervention, alongside needs and preferences concerning content and delivery. A manifest content analysis approach was adopted. RESULTS Content analysis resulted in three categories: Content, Delivery procedures, and Illness trajectory. Results highlighted a need to consider the intervention Content via increased cultural adaptation to the Swedish context, and increasing the inclusiveness of intervention content. Delivery procedures were identified as needing to be flexible given the unpredictable nature of caring for people with dementia, with the provision of additional guidance to informal caregivers supporting the intervention. Illness trajectory was viewed as essential to consider, with the intervention regarded as suitable for those early in the dementia trajectory, alongside a need to reduce workbook text to minimize burden given dementia symptomology. CONCLUSIONS The intervention and proposed delivery model were generally well received by all stakeholders. We were able to identify key adaptations to enhance cultural appropriateness, relevancy, and acceptability for a currently neglected population. Results will inform a feasibility study to explore the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study procedures to inform the design of a future superiority randomized controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION/PROTOCOL Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Blomberg
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14B, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Frida Svedin
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14B, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Paul Farrand
- Clinical Psychology, Education, Development and Research (CEDAR), Psychology, University of Exeter, Perry Road, EX4 4QG, Devon, UK
| | - Anders Brantnell
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14B, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 21, Sweden
| | - Louise von Essen
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14B, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Johanna Patriksson Karlsson
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14B, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Anna Cristina Åberg
- Department of Medical Science, School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, 791 88, Sweden
- Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 22, Sweden
| | - Joanne Woodford
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14B, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden.
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Tsai S, Ma S, Nielsen TR, Calia C. Assessment of Dementia in Minority Ethnic Groups in Scotland: Results of a Survey of Cognitive Specialists. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2024; 38:85-90. [PMID: 38315885 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Minority ethnic groups (MEGs) in Europe receive suboptimal dementia evaluation, yet related research in Scotland is lacking. This research examined the evaluation of dementia in MEGs in Scotland and compared it with previous research to highlight the changes in the clinical evaluation of dementia over the decade. DESIGN AND SETTING A self-administered survey was created online and emailed to 14 Heads of the boards under the Scottish National Health Service and dementia-associated settings and organizations. RESULTS Most surveyed centers (85.6%) received MEG referrals. Although 92.9% of the centers used professional translators when needed, 85.7% thought assessing dementia in MEGs was difficult, mostly due to the suitability of test instruments and rating scales and patients' linguistic abilities. Very few found their skills to be good in evaluating MEGs. There was no mention of specialized dementia services for MEGs. CONCLUSIONS The lack of culturally appropriate instruments and specialized dementia services reveals that the services are not ready to meet the demand for evaluating patients from diverse cultural and language backgrounds. Inadequate clinical evaluation may lead to misdiagnoses. Therefore, although significant work has been carried out in the past few years, improvements must be continued to enhance the current practices and apply suitable evaluation methods for MEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somying Tsai
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuning Ma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Rune Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Calia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Dang TH, Thodis A, Ulapane N, Antoniades J, Gurgone M, Nguyen T, Gilbert A, Wickramasinghe N, Varghese M, Loganathan S, Enticott J, Mortimer D, Dow B, Cooper C, Xiao LD, Brijnath B. 'It's Too nice': Adapting iSupport Lite for Ethnically Diverse Family Carers of a Person with Dementia. Clin Gerontol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37697628 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2254296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resources to support dementia carers from ethnically diverse families are limited. We explored carers' and service providers' views on adapting the World Health Organization's iSupport Lite messages to meet their needs. METHODS Six online workshops were conducted with ethnically diverse family carers and service providers (n = 21) from nine linguistic groups across Australia. Recruitment was via convenience and snowball sampling from existing networks. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants reported that iSupport Lite over-emphasized support from family and friends and made help-seeking sound "too easy". They wanted messages to dispel notions of carers as "superheroes", demonstrate that caring and help-seeking is stressful and time-consuming, and that poor decision-making and relationship breakdown does occur. Feedback was incorporated to co-produce a revised suite of resources. CONCLUSIONS Beyond language translation, cultural adaptation using co-design provided participants the opportunity to develop more culturally relevant care resources that meet their needs. These resources will be evaluated for clinical and cost-effectiveness in future research. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS By design, multilingual resources for carers must incorporate cultural needs to communicate support messages. If this intervention is effective, it could help to reduce dementia care disparities in ethnically diverse populations in Australia and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Ha Dang
- Division of Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Digital Health Cooperative Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antonia Thodis
- Division of Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nalika Ulapane
- Digital Health Cooperative Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josefine Antoniades
- Division of Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Health Economics and Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary Gurgone
- Division of Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre of Capability and Culture, Perth, Australia
- Association of Culturally Appropriate Services (AfCAS), Perth, Australia
- Perth Foundation for Women, Perth, Australia
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- Division of Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Digital Health Cooperative Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Andrew Gilbert
- Division of Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Social Inquiry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nilmini Wickramasinghe
- Digital Health Cooperative Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Santosh Loganathan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Joanne Enticott
- Centre for Health Economics and Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duncan Mortimer
- Centre for Health Economics and Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- Division of Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudia Cooper
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lily Dongxia Xiao
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bianca Brijnath
- Division of Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Giebel C, Reilly S, Gabbay M, Dickinson J, Tetlow H, Hogan H, Griffiths A, Cooper C. Dementia care navigation: A systematic review on different service types and their prevalence. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5977. [PMID: 37526320 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia Care Navigators (DCNs) are professionals without clinical training, who provide individualised emotional and practical support to people living with dementia, working alongside clinical services. Navigator services have been implemented but the service offered vary without a consistent overview provided. The aim of this narrative systematic review was to describe and compare existing service formats, and to synthesise evidence regarding their implementation and impacts. METHODS The review was registered on PROSPERO [CRD42021292518]. Three electronic databases were searched and included studies reported on a DCN service, defined as a service in which non-clinically trained workers provide personalised advice and support to people with dementia and/or carers in the community. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and titles and read through full papers for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment QualSyst. RESULTS We included 14 papers reporting on six studies. All services were US-based and only varied by integration and training provided. Studies reported different degrees of impact on service utilisation and on symptoms and mental well-being of people with dementia and their carers, with too little evidence to draw substantial/meaningful conclusions and studies employing different outcome measures. One study evidenced greater impacts on people with more advanced dementia compared to earlier stages. CONCLUSIONS DCN services have the potential to effectively provide non-clinical support to people with dementia and carers from the point of diagnosis. Further research from countries other than the USA, focusing on the impact on social care and social support service access and utilisation, and utilising similar established outcome measures are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Giebel
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast, Liverpool, UK
| | - Siobhan Reilly
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Mark Gabbay
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julie Dickinson
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hilary Tetlow
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Alys Griffiths
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claudia Cooper
- Centre of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
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Duran-Kiraç G, Uysal-Bozkir Ö, Uittenbroek R, van Hout H, Broese van Groenou MI. Informal caregiver and nurse perceptions of access to culturally appropriate health care for ethnic minority persons with dementia: A qualitative study. J Adv Nurs 2023. [PMID: 37113024 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study explored what informal caregivers of ethnic minority (EM) persons with dementia in the Netherlands perceive as culturally accessible health care and nurses' perceptions of how cultural competence can be improved to facilitate access to health care for EM persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. DESIGN Qualitative description research with semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 15 nurses and 6 informal caregivers provided input for two FGDs with nurses about the need to strengthen their cultural competence to improve access to health care for EM persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. Interview data were collected between September 2020 and April 2021 in the Netherlands. Focus group discussion data were collected between June and September 2021 in the Netherlands. RESULTS Nurses and informal caregivers experienced difficulty building and maintaining a relationship. Contrary to informal caregivers' experiences, nurses felt a shared cultural background with the persons with dementia and informal caregiver is necessary. Although nurses acknowledged the importance of cultural knowledge, cultural skills, in particular, were mentioned as needing improvement. Examples are mapping involved family members and their roles, asking the right questions and letting go of personal judgements. Nurses frequently mentioned stereotypical thinking and seeing 'the other' as different, and collaboration with(in) family proved difficult for informal caregivers and nurses. CONCLUSION Strengthening cultural skills will contribute to facilitating better access to cultural appropriate health care for EM persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution. IMPACT This study explores what is perceived as culturally accessible health care and what nurses need to improve their cultural competence. We show that strengthening nurses' cultural competence by addressing which skills should be improved can improve access to health care for EM persons with dementia and their informal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Duran-Kiraç
- Research Group Living Well with Dementia, Department of Health and Well-being, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Özgül Uysal-Bozkir
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Uittenbroek
- Department of Health and Well-being, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Hein van Hout
- Departments of General Practice and Medicine of Older People, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Allam I, Gresham M, Phillipson L, Brodaty H, Low LF. Beliefs around help-Seeking and Support for Dementia in the Australian Arabic Speaking Community. DEMENTIA 2023:14713012231166170. [PMID: 36990452 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231166170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people with dementia in multicultural Australia is rapidly increasing. Despite its culturally diverse population, there is limited research about how people from ethnic minority groups understand and approach help-seeking and support for dementia. The aim of this study is to understand the perceptions of dementia symptoms, help-seeking and support in the Australian Arabic-speaking community. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional qualitative research design. Individual, semi-structured interviews using projective stimulus techniques were used. Participants were three Arabic-speaking people aged over 70 who were experiencing cognitive changes or dementia symptoms, six carers, and five health or social care practitioners experienced in working with Arab-Australians. Phone or video chat interviews were conducted in either Arabic or English. Interviews were audiotaped, translated when needed, transcribed verbatim and inductive thematic analysis was undertaken. FINDINGS Seven themes were identified. Participants described dementia as relating to symptoms of confusion and memory loss. Carers and older people believe that when older people are experiencing these cognitive symptoms, they must be cared for primarily by ensuring their happiness and comfort. Barriers to help-seeking and support included a lack of help-seeking due to cultural norms of family orientated care, families are unsure of where to seek help and fear of community judgement. Two ways to facilitate help-seeking and support were to build trust through culturally appropriate support and to educate the community. CONCLUSION Family, trust and community were identified as central pillars of the Australian-Arabic-speaking community. There is a need to increase dementia literacy in this community particularly around help-seeking and decreasing stigma. Education should be promoted by trusted community members and religious leaders. As the first point of professional contact, general practitioners need to be upskilled to support Arabic-speaking Australians around dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issra Allam
- 522555The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, AU
| | - Meredith Gresham
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, 98994University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, AU
| | - Lyn Phillipson
- Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AU
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, AU
| | - Lee-Fay Low
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, AU
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10
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Knipping D, Garnett A, Jiang BB. Access and Use of Services by Caregivers of Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Cultural and Linguistic Diversity. J Appl Gerontol 2023. [PMID: 36866817 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231158490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Westernized countries are home to an increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) older adult population. Informal caregivers of CLD older adults face unique challenges accessing and using home- and community-based services (HCBS). This scoping review sought to identify facilitators and barriers to access and use of HCBS for informal caregivers of CLD older adults. Arksey and O'Malley's framework guided a systematic search of five electronic databases. The search strategy retrieved 5979 unique articles. Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and informed this review. Facilitators and barriers were identified at three stages of using services: knowledge, access, and use of services. Findings concerning access to HCBS were subdivided into willingness and ability to access HCBS. Results emphasize the need for changes in healthcare systems, organizations, and providers to provide culturally appropriate care and improve the accessibility and acceptability of HCBS for informal caregivers of CLD older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Garnett
- Nursing, 6221University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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11
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Shabnam J, Timm HU, Nielsen DS, Raunkiaer M. Development of a complex intervention (safe and secure) to support non-western migrant patients with palliative care needs and their families. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 62:102238. [PMID: 36459811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE International evidence supports the benefits of early use of palliative care, although the best use of services is often under-utilised among Danish migrants. The study aims to develop a theoretically informed, evidence-based intervention to increase support in palliative care service provision among non-western migrant patients with a life-threatening disease and their families in Denmark. METHODS The overall approach was guided by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions by involving stakeholders for example patients, family caregivers, and healthcare professionals. The intervention was developed iteratively by incorporating theory and evidence. Evidence was synthesized from a systematic review, semi-structured interviews, and group discussions with patients (n = 8), family caregivers (n = 11), healthcare professionals (n = 10); and three workshops with migrants (n = 5), social and healthcare professionals (n = 6). The study took place in six different settings in two regions across Denmark. RESULTS The safe and secure complex intervention is a healthcare professional (e.g. nurse, physiotherapist, or occupational therapist) led patient-centred palliative care intervention at the basic level. The final intervention consists of three components 1. Education and training sessions, 2. Consultations with the healthcare professional, and 3. Coordination of care. CONCLUSION This study describes the development of a supportive palliative care intervention for non-western migrant patients with palliative care needs and their families, followed by a transparent and systematic reporting process. A palliative care intervention combining multiple components targeting different stakeholders, is expected that safe and secure is more suitable and well customized in increasing access and use of palliative care services for non-western migrant families in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Shabnam
- REHPA, Danish Knowledge Centre of Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital, Vestergade 17, 5800 Nyborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Helle Ussing Timm
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455, Copenhagen, K, Denmark; University Hospitals Center for Health Research (UCSF), Rigshospital, Denmark.
| | - Dorthe Susanne Nielsen
- Geriatric Department G, Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Mette Raunkiaer
- REHPA, Danish Knowledge Centre of Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital, Vestergade 17, 5800 Nyborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
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Bamford C, Wilcock J, Brunskill G, Wheatley A, Harrison Dening K, Manthorpe J, Allan L, Banerjee S, Booi L, Griffiths S, Rait G, Walters K, Robinson L. Improving primary care based post-diagnostic support for people living with dementia and carers: Developing a complex intervention using the Theory of Change. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283818. [PMID: 37134099 PMCID: PMC10155958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need to improve support following a diagnosis of dementia is widely recognised, but it is unclear how this can best be achieved within UK health and social care systems. A task-shared and task-shifted approach has been recommended, but there is limited guidance on how to achieve this in practice. As part of a programme of research, we developed an intervention to enhance the role of primary care in post-diagnostic care and support for people living with dementia and carers. METHODS We used the Theory of Change to develop a complex intervention informed by initial literature reviews and qualitative work. The intervention was developed through an iterative series of workshops, meetings and task groups with a range of stakeholders, including the multidisciplinary project team, people living with dementia and carers, service managers, frontline practitioners, and commissioners. RESULTS 142 participants contributed to intervention development through face-to-face or virtual meetings. The intervention comprises three complementary strands of work focusing on: developing systems, delivering tailored care and support, and building capacity and capability. Clinical dementia leads, based in primary care networks, will facilitate the intervention providing tailored expertise and support. CONCLUSION The Theory of Change proved useful in providing structure and engaging stakeholders. The process was challenging, took longer and was less participative than intended due to restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We will next conduct a feasibility and implementation study to explore whether the intervention can be successfully delivered within primary care. If successful, the intervention offers practical strategies for delivering a task-shared and task-shifted approach to post-diagnostic support that could be adapted for similar health and social care contexts internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bamford
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Wilcock
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Brunskill
- Voluntary Organisations Network North East, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Wheatley
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jill Manthorpe
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Health and Social Care Workforce, The Policy Institute at King's, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Allan
- South Cloisters, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sube Banerjee
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Booi
- Centre for Dementia Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Griffiths
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Rait
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Walters
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Attitudes towards dementia among Chinese adults aged 50 years and older: a comparative study of immigrants living in Melbourne and nonimmigrants living in Beijing. Int Psychogeriatr 2023; 35:29-42. [PMID: 36189727 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610222000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated attitudes towards dementia among Chinese immigrants aged 50 years and over living in Australia and compares these attitudes with those of individuals living in mainland China. It aimed to better understand what older Chinese adults think about dementia and to inform the development of tailored dementia-related services for this group of people. DESIGN A qualitative design involving individual interviews was employed in this study. PARTICIPANTS Forty-six participants were recruited: 21 in Melbourne and 25 in Beijing. All interviewees were born in mainland China, were community-dwelling, and did not have a dementia diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS The tripartite model of attitudes was used to guide the semi-structured interview design and report the results. Thematic qualitative analysis was employed. RESULTS In both groups, most participants held negative feelings, stigmatized views and negative stereotypes of dementia. However, most participants expressed a willingness to help individuals living with dementia. Regarding dementia care, nearly all participants preferred home care but thought formal care would become the mainstream form of care in the future. Fewer Melbourne participants expressed concerns regarding developing dementia, were interested in dementia, or perceived a need for dementia-related educational activities. Melbourne participants also reported more avoidant responses to dementia or individuals living with dementia. CONCLUSION This study carefully compares attitudes towards dementia between older Chinese immigrants in Melbourne and older Chinese adults in Beijing. Similarities and differences were observed between these two groups. Dementia-related service providers should consider the sociocultural changes and migration-related barriers experienced by Chinese immigrants.
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14
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Ismail AM. ‘Doing care, doing gender’: towards a rethinking of gender and elderly care in the Arab Muslim families in Denmark. JOURNAL OF RELIGION, SPIRITUALITY & AGING 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15528030.2022.2145413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Gilbert AS, Antoniades J, Croy S, Thodis A, Adams J, Goeman D, Browning C, Kent M, Ellis K, Brijnath B. The experience of structural burden for culturally and linguistically diverse family carers of people living with dementia in Australia. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e4492-e4503. [PMID: 35599431 PMCID: PMC10083988 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that family carers of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) people living with dementia experience higher stress and unmet need than the general Australian population. These disparities are often framed as the result of CALD communities failing to seek formal support. Challenging this, we draw on the concept of 'structural burden' to explore how the complexity of health and aged systems contribute to the burden that CALD carers experience. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 104 family carers for CALD people with dementia in Australia, followed by thematic analysis of transcripts. Additional to structural burdens encountered by the general older population, CALD carers faced challenges understanding Australia's Anglo-centric aged care system, locating culturally appropriate care and were required to translate the languages and operations of health and aged care systems into terms their family members understood. This burden was mitigated by the presence of ethno-specific organisations and other navigation support. Australia's aged care system has moved towards centralised governance and consumer-directed care provision. This system involves a confusing array of different programmes and levels, bureaucratic applications and long waiting times. Carers' encounters with these systems demonstrates how some CALD people are being left behind by the current aged care system. While ethno-specific services can reduce this burden, not all CALD groups are represented. Consequently, improving access to dementia care among CALD populations requires entry point and navigation support that is culturally appropriate and linguistically accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Simon Gilbert
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Josefine Antoniades
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Samantha Croy
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Antonia Thodis
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jon Adams
- University of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Dianne Goeman
- University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Colette Browning
- Federation UniversityMount HelenVictoriaAustralia
- Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Mike Kent
- Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Katie Ellis
- Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Bianca Brijnath
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
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16
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Shabnam J, Timm HU, Nielsen DS, Raunkiær M. Palliative Care Utilisation Among Non-Western Migrants in Denmark: A Qualitative Study Of the Experiences of Patients, Family Caregivers and Healthcare Professionals. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221111933. [PMID: 35786059 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study explores care experiences while utilising palliative care services of non-western migrant families from the perspectives of patients, family caregivers, and healthcare professionals in Denmark. Twenty-three semi-structured individual and group interviews were conducted among eight patients with a life-threatening disease, 11 family caregivers, and ten healthcare professionals. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: 1) Communication between families and healthcare professionals; 2) Building and lack of trusting relations, and feeling safe, and 3) Access to information and navigating in the healthcare system. Moreover, ''language and culture'' emerged as transaction themes that are not mutually exclusive, however, interconnect across the mentioned three themes. Non-western migrant families can be supported by healthcare professionals' cultural competency training, negotiating on providing services concerning information, patient preferences, family involvement, and palliative care setting. This study findings urge inter-sectoral collaboration to ensure needs-oriented and linguistically and culturally appropriate palliative care services for non-western migrant families in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Shabnam
- REHPA, Danish Knowledge Centre of Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital, Nyborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Ussing Timm
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University Hospitals Center for Health Research (UCSF), Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Susanne Nielsen
- Migrant Health Clinic, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Raunkiær
- REHPA, Danish Knowledge Centre of Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital, Nyborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Stenberg J, Hjelm K. Migrant informal caregiver perceptions and experiences of caring for a family member with dementia: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. J Clin Nurs 2022; 32:2178-2192. [PMID: 35655377 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To describe migrant family caregivers' experiences and perceptions of caring for a family member with dementia. BACKGROUND There are demographic trends of aging populations and increased migration between countries. Age-associated diseases, such as dementia, are expected to increase, with migrants being at significantly increased risk. Knowledge of how dementia care is provided within migrant families is scarce. DESIGN Systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research were performed to inform the development of interventions that can acknowledge and respond to the needs, concerns and preferences of migrant family caregivers. METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL and reference lists in published articles were reviewed for the period 2000-October 2020. The CASP checklist for qualitative research was used to assess evidence quality, and the ENTREQ framework was used as a guide for study reporting. RESULTS Twenty-six articles from 10 Western countries, including 360 informal migrant caregivers from more than 30 countries of origin, were eligible. Within four areas of construct-perceptions of dementia and initial help-seeking; barriers to accessing and using formal dementia care; caregiver burden and coping and resilience-12 descriptive themes were identified. Several concepts cut across the themes, such as language difficulties; the role of the family in relation to care and support; cultural perceptions of dementia and care; stigma, pride and shame; the importance of religion and the importance of trust. CONCLUSIONS The review revealed commonalities among migrant family caregivers that resulted in reduced understanding of dementia and the importance of diagnosis and treatment. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE To prevent a negative trajectory in caregiving, with perceived demands causing high levels of stress and strain, several barriers to migrants accessing and using formal care need to be assessed and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Stenberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Hjelm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Martinez IL, Acosta Gonzalez E. Care v. Caring: Obligation, Duty, and Love Among Latino Alzheimer's Family Caregivers. J Appl Gerontol 2022; 41:1744-1751. [PMID: 35484911 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221084998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of Latinos living with Alzheimer's disease is projected to grow. Latinos currently make one-fifth of U.S. family caregivers. In this paper, we explore the cultural scripts and gendered practice of care in Latino families in relation to the underutilization of services to persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We conducted interviews with 24 Latino caregivers in Miami-Dade, Florida representing six Latin American countries of origin. Interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. We critically examined the concept of familism in order to better understand in-depth experiences of diverse Latino caregivers and concluded that an ethics of care model better elucidates the complexities of the care experience. Our analysis illustrates the ambivalence, contradictions, and changes in the beliefs and practice of care. These findings can help advance understanding among researchers and providers to develop a formal support system that is responsive to Latino caregiver needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveris L Martinez
- Center for Successful Aging, 14668California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
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19
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Su Z, Bentley BL, McDonnell D, Ahmad J, He J, Shi F, Takeuchi K, Cheshmehzangi A, da Veiga CP. 6G and Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Dementia Care: Literature Review and Practical Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e30503. [PMID: 35475733 PMCID: PMC9096635 DOI: 10.2196/30503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dementia epidemic is progressing fast. As the world’s older population keeps skyrocketing, the traditional incompetent, time-consuming, and laborious interventions are becoming increasingly insufficient to address dementia patients’ health care needs. This is particularly true amid COVID-19. Instead, efficient, cost-effective, and technology-based strategies, such as sixth-generation communication solutions (6G) and artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered health solutions, might be the key to successfully managing the dementia epidemic until a cure becomes available. However, while 6G and AI technologies hold great promise, no research has examined how 6G and AI applications can effectively and efficiently address dementia patients’ health care needs and improve their quality of life. Objective This study aims to investigate ways in which 6G and AI technologies could elevate dementia care to address this study gap. Methods A literature review was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. The search focused on three themes: dementia, 6G, and AI technologies. The initial search was conducted on April 25, 2021, complemented by relevant articles identified via a follow-up search on November 11, 2021, and Google Scholar alerts. Results The findings of the study were analyzed in terms of the interplay between people with dementia’s unique health challenges and the promising capabilities of health technologies, with in-depth and comprehensive analyses of advanced technology-based solutions that could address key dementia care needs, ranging from impairments in memory (eg, Egocentric Live 4D Perception), speech (eg, Project Relate), motor (eg, Avatar Robot Café), cognitive (eg, Affectiva), to social interactions (eg, social robots). Conclusions To live is to grow old. Yet dementia is neither a proper way to live nor a natural aging process. By identifying advanced health solutions powered by 6G and AI opportunities, our study sheds light on the imperative of leveraging the potential of advanced technologies to elevate dementia patients’ will to live, enrich their daily activities, and help them engage in societies across shapes and forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Barry L Bentley
- Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Prime Institute of Public Health, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jiguang He
- Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - Kazuaki Takeuchi
- Ory Laboratory Inc, Tokyo, Japan.,Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China.,Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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20
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Giebel C, Hanna K, Marlow P, Cannon J, Tetlow H, Shenton J, Faulkner T, Rajagopal M, Mason S, Gabbay M. Guilt, tears and burnout—Impact of
UK
care home restrictions on the mental well‐being of staff, families and residents. J Adv Nurs 2022; 78:2191-2202. [PMID: 35188292 PMCID: PMC9303866 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the pandemic on the emotional and mental well‐being of family carers, care home staff and residents, in light of changing restrictions, increased testing and vaccination rollout in the UK. Design Longitudinal, qualitative semi‐structured interview study. Methods Remote semi‐structured interviews were conducted with family carers of care home residents with dementia and care home staff from different care homes across the UK. Baseline and follow‐up interviews were conducted in October/November 2020 and March 2021, respectively. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis involving members of the public with caring experiences. Results In all, 42 family carers and care home staff participated at baseline, with 20 family carers and staff followed up. We identified four themes: (1) Developing anger and frustration; (2) Impact on relationships; (3) Stress and burnout; and (4) Behavioural changes, and perceived impact on residents. The mental health of everyone involved, including family carers, care home staff and residents, has been negatively affected, and relationships between family carers and staff have been severely strained. There was a general lack of adequate mental health support, with little relief. Conclusions The pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the lives of those surrounding care homes—from residents and staff to family carers. Consideration should be given on how to best support the mental health needs of all three groups, by providing adequate easily accessible mental health care for all. This should also focus on rebuilding the relationships between family carers and care home staff. Impact This is the first paper to highlight the effects of the long‐lasting and miscommunicated restrictions on residents, carers and care home staff, and highlight the urgent need for continued mental health support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Giebel
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- NIHR ARC NWC Liverpool UK
| | - Kerry Hanna
- NIHR ARC NWC Liverpool UK
- School of Health Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | | | | | - Hilary Tetlow
- NIHR ARC NWC Liverpool UK
- SURF Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | | | | | - Manoj Rajagopal
- NIHR ARC NWC Liverpool UK
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Trust Lancaster UK
| | - Stephen Mason
- NIHR ARC NWC Liverpool UK
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Mark Gabbay
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- NIHR ARC NWC Liverpool UK
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21
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Duran-Kiraç G. Accessibility of health care experienced by persons with dementia from ethnic minority groups and formal and informal caregivers: A scoping review of European literature. DEMENTIA 2022; 21:677-700. [PMID: 34879748 PMCID: PMC8813582 DOI: 10.1177/14713012211055307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The number of persons with dementia from ethnic minority backgrounds is increasing. However, ethnic minority groups use health care services less frequently compared to the general population. We conducted a scoping review and used the theoretical framework developed by Levesque to provide an overview of the literature concerning access to health care for ethnic minority people with dementia and (in)formal caregivers. Studies mentioned barriers in (1) the ability to perceive a need for care in terms of health literacy, health beliefs and trust, and expectations; (2) the ability to seek care because of personal and social values and the lack of knowledge regarding health care options; and (3) lack of person-centered care as barrier to continue with professional health care. Studies also mentioned barriers experienced by professionals in (1) communication with ethnic minorities and knowledge about available resources for professionals; (2) cultural and social factors influencing the professionals' attitudes towards ethnic minorities; and (3) the appropriateness of care and lacking competencies to work with people with dementia from ethnic minority groups and informal caregivers. By addressing health literacy including knowledge about the causes of dementia, people with dementia from ethnic minorities and their informal caregivers may improve their abilities to access health care. Health care professionals need to strengthen their competencies in order to facilitate access to health care for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Duran-Kiraç
- Gözde Duran, Health and Social Care department,
Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, Postbus 10090, Zwolle 8000 GB,
Netherlands.
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22
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Lived Experience of Dementia in the New Zealand Indian Community: A Qualitative Study with Family Care Givers and People Living with Dementia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031432. [PMID: 35162453 PMCID: PMC8834941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are estimated to be 70,000 people living with dementia in Aotearoa, New Zealand (NZ). This figure is projected to more than double by 2040, but due to the more rapid growth of older age groups in non-European populations, prevalence will at least triple amongst the NZ Indian population. The impact of dementia in the NZ Indian community is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of NZ Indians living with dementia and their caregivers. Ten caregivers (age range: 41–81) and five people living with mild dementia (age range: 65–77) were recruited from a hospital memory service and two not-for-profit community organisations in Auckland, Aotearoa, NZ. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by bilingual/bicultural researchers and transcribed for thematic analysis in the original languages. Dementia was predominantly thought of as being part of normal ageing. Getting a timely diagnosis was reported as difficult, with long waiting times. Cultural practices and religion played a large part in how both the diagnosis and ongoing care were managed. Caregivers expressed concerns about societal stigma and about managing their own health issues, but the majority also expressed a sense of duty in caring for their loved ones. Services were generally well-received, but gaps were identified in the provision of culturally appropriate services. Future health services should prioritise a timely diagnosis, and dementia care services should consider specific cultural needs to maximise uptake and benefit for Indian families living with dementia.
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23
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Gulestø R, Lillekroken D, Bjørge H, Halvorsrud L. Interactions between healthcare personnel and family caregivers of people with dementia from minority ethnic backgrounds in home-based care-An explorative qualitative study. J Adv Nurs 2021; 78:1389-1401. [PMID: 34806211 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore how healthcare personnel in home-based care perceive interactions with family caregivers of people with dementia from minority ethnic backgrounds. BACKGROUND Research shows that the organization of home-based care rarely allows opportunities to provide support to family caregivers in practice. However, how these organizational structures influence the way in which healthcare personnel perceive their interactions with family caregivers of people with dementia from minority ethnic backgrounds remains an unexplored area. DESIGN An explorative qualitative study inspired by a critical realist approach using Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical concepts of field, habitus and capital. METHODS Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with six nurses and four auxiliary nurses employed in home-based care in Norway. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The participants were recruited in September and October 2020. FINDINGS 'Family caregivers perceived as facilitators of or barriers to collaborative care' was identified as an overarching theme, supported by two main themes: 'Preconditions for successful collaboration' and 'Challenges for collaborative relationships'. The findings revealed that the participants mainly focused their attention on the dementia patients from minority ethnic backgrounds, while they felt that the family caregivers influenced the way in which they provided healthcare. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that timesaving strategies have a major influence on healthcare personnel's perceptions of family caregivers from minority ethnic backgrounds. Attention towards the needs of the family caregivers was often replaced by evaluations of their usefulness in the provision of healthcare to the dementia patients. IMPACT This study raises concerns about home-based care as a rigid and inflexible system. It therefore provides opportunities to raise questions on status quo, stimulate debate and encourage fresh thinking with regards to the support and inclusion of family caregivers in the home-based care system for people with dementia from minority ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Gulestø
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniela Lillekroken
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Bjørge
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Halvorsrud
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Migrants’ pathways to aged care: the role of local relationships of care in facilitating access for super-diverse older populations. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x21001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The literature on older migrants often focuses on identifying the characteristics of ethnic groups that constitute ‘barriers’ for members of these populations to access care. This paper offers an alternative conceptualisation of access to care, by combining relational approaches to place and the notion of super-diversity. From this perspective, ‘access to care’ is perceived as an outcome of an individual's embeddedness in relationships of care in urban places. The objective of the study is to identify relationships of care that facilitate access to aged care for older first-generation migrants. Thirty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with older migrants who were residents of Nijmegen or The Hague, The Netherlands. All interviewees had accessed home care, home aid and/or day care. Both relationships with minority-specific services and informal relationships of care, particularly those within local minority communities, were found to facilitate access to aged care. Past experiences with health and social care were also found to influence current relationships with formal care providers. This study, therefore, suggests that policy makers and care organisations should build long-term positive relationships with new and incoming migrant groups. In addition, it argues that policy makers and care providers should identify locally relevant shared migration-related (rather than ethnic) identities around which communities can be mobilised and targeted with appropriate services.
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25
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Fletcher JR. Black knowledges matter: How the suppression of non-white understandings of dementia harms us all and how we can combat it. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2021; 43:1818-1825. [PMID: 34002398 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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Svedin F, Brantnell A, Farrand P, Blomberg O, Coumoundouros C, von Essen L, Åberg AC, Woodford J. Adapting a guided low-intensity behavioural activation intervention for people with dementia and depression in the Swedish healthcare context (INVOLVERA): a study protocol using codesign and participatory action research. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048097. [PMID: 34272221 PMCID: PMC8287613 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dementia is a worldwide health concern with incident rates continuing to increase. While depression prevalence is high in people with dementia and psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are effective, access to psychological interventions remains limited. Reliance on traditional CBT for people with dementia and depression may present difficulties given it is a complex psychological approach, costly to deliver, and professional training time is lengthy. An alternative approach is behavioural activation (BA), a simpler psychological intervention for depression. The present study seeks to work with people with dementia, informal caregivers, community stakeholders, and healthcare professionals, to adapt a guided low-intensity BA intervention for people with dementia and depression, while maximising implementation potential within the Swedish healthcare context. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A mixed methods study using codesign, principles from participatory action research (PAR) and normalisation process theory to facilitate the cultural relevance, appropriateness and implementation potential of the intervention. The study will consist of four iterative PAR phases, using focus groups with healthcare professionals and community stakeholders, and semi-structured interviews with people with dementia and informal caregivers. A content analysis approach will be adopted to analyse the transcribed focus groups and semi-structured interviews recordings. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and data handled according to General Data Protection Regulation. Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants. In accordance with the Swedish Health and Medical Services Act, capacity to consent will be examined by a member of the research team. Ethical approval has been obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr: 2020-05542 and Dnr: 2021-00925). Findings will be published in an open access peer-reviewed journal, presented at academic conferences, and disseminated among lay and healthcare professional audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Svedin
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Brantnell
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Farrand
- Clinical Education Development and Research (CEDAR), University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Oscar Blomberg
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chelsea Coumoundouros
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise von Essen
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Cristina Åberg
- Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Science, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Joanne Woodford
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Giebel C, Hanna K, Tetlow H, Ward K, Shenton J, Cannon J, Butchard S, Komuravelli A, Gaughan A, Eley R, Rogers C, Rajagopal M, Limbert S, Callaghan S, Whittington R, Shaw L, Gabbay M. "A piece of paper is not the same as having someone to talk to": accessing post-diagnostic dementia care before and since COVID-19 and associated inequalities. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:76. [PMID: 33706774 PMCID: PMC7948657 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social support services such as day care centres are important in post-diagnostic dementia care to enable people living with dementia stay at home for longer. Little research has addressed potential inequalities in access, with no research on variations before and since COVID-19. The aim of this study was to explore inequalities in social support service usage before and since the pandemic. Methods Unpaid carers and people living with dementia were interviewed over the phone about their experiences of accessing social support services before and since the COVID-19 pandemic. Transcripts were analysed for key themes using inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Results Fifty participants (42 unpaid carers; eight people living with dementia) were interviewed, and five themes identified: (1) Service issues; (2) Access issues; (3) Relying on own initiative; (4) New inequalities due to COVID-19; and (5) Missing out on the benefits of support services. Participants reported transport, finances, and location as factors reducing their ability to access support service pre-COVID, with inequalities remaining and at times exacerbated since. Carers and people living with dementia also reported struggling with accessing basic necessities during COVID, including food and medicines. Conclusions Considering the benefits of accessing support services, resourced procedures and facilities are needed to maintain access to support services with more accessible remote support provision, enabling people from all backgrounds to access the care they need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Giebel
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Kerry Hanna
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Kym Ward
- The Brain Charity, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jacqueline Cannon
- Wigan Dementia Action Alliance, Wigan, UK.,Lewy Body Society, Wigan, UK
| | | | | | - Anna Gaughan
- Together in Dementia Everyday (TIDE), Liverpool, UK
| | - Ruth Eley
- Liverpool Dementia Action Alliance, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Shaw
- Department of Modern Languages and Cultures, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Gabbay
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,NIHR ARC NWC, Liverpool, UK
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A National Memory Clinic Survey to Assess Provision for People from Diverse Ethnic Backgrounds in England and Wales. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041456. [PMID: 33557171 PMCID: PMC7913949 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
English national guidelines regarding dementia assessment and management recommend consideration of cultural and linguistic diversity when assessing people with cognitive complaints. To date there has been no assessment of adherence to these guidelines. We aimed to assess whether current services provided in memory assessment services (MAS) adhere to national policy, in their approach to the assessment and management of individuals with memory problems from minority ethnic backgrounds. We sent a survey to 213 memory services in England and Wales. Twenty MAS from seven regions responded to the survey. We found that 80% (16) provided translated resources, 70% (14) used cognitive assessment tools that are culturally sensitive and appropriate, and 65% (13) showed good use of sufficiently skilled and knowledgeable interpreters. Communication barriers, particularly language, were raised as a potential obstacle to diagnosing minority ethnic patients. Memory clinics appear to reflect national policy for the assessment and management of memory problems in minority ethnic patients. However, only a minority of services responded and they may be more engaged in considering these populations. We need wider knowledge of practice to explore how guidelines support healthcare professional’s assessment of patients from minority ethnic groups in memory service diagnostic procedures.
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Health Inequities in the Care Pathways for People Living with Young- and Late-Onset Dementia: From Pre-COVID-19 to Early Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020686. [PMID: 33466948 PMCID: PMC7831042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is known about how people with dementia and/or their family carers access health and social care services after a diagnosis. The aim of this study was to explore potential inequalities in care pathways for people with young-onset and late on-set dementia (YOD/LOD), including their family carers, with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurring throughout the course of the study and enabling a comparison between pre-pandemic and COVID-19 times. Methods: People with YOD and LOD with their family carers were recruited via local support groups in the North West Coast region of England. Semi-structured interviews explored the experiences of people with YOD and LOD and family carers on their access to both health and social care services and community-based services. Transcripts were coded by two researchers and analysed using thematic analysis. Fifteen interviews were conducted with seven people with YOD or LOD and 14 family carers between January and March 2020. Some interviews were conducted only with the person with dementia, because they did not have a family carer, and others were conducted only with the family carer, because the person with dementia was in the severe stages of the condition. Results: Four themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Getting the ball rolling: the process of diagnosis; (2) Balancing the support needs of people with dementia and carers; (3) Barriers to accessing support; and (4) Facilitators to accessing support. Inequities existed for both YOD and LOD, with emerging evidence of unequal experiences in accessing care at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: People with YOD and LOD and their carers require better support in accessing services after a diagnosis. Greater understanding of the pathways through which inequalities materialise are needed, especially those that might have been disrupted or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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