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Babaei F, Navidi-Moghaddam A, Naderi A, Ghafghazi S, Mirzababaei M, Dargahi L, Mohammadi G, Nassiri-Asl M. The preventive effects of Saccharomyces boulardii against oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide in rat brain. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30426. [PMID: 38720760 PMCID: PMC11076963 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain is sensitive to oxidative stress, which can trigger microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Antioxidant therapies may provide neuroprotection against oxidative stress. In recent years antioxidant effects of probiotics and their possible mechanisms in oxidative stress-related models have been determined. In the current study, for the first time, we assessed the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on oxidative stress provoked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the rat brain. Four groups of animals were used, including the control, LPS, S. boulardii + LPS, and S. boulardii groups. All animals received either saline or S. boulardii (1010 CFU) by gavage for four weeks. Between days 14 and 22, all animals received either LPS (250 μg/kg) or saline by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. S. boulardii was able to inhibit lipid peroxidation and prevent the reduction of antioxidant levels, including glutathione and catalase in the model of oxidative stress induced by LPS in the rat hippocampus and cortex. Also, it increased the lowered ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione in both tissues. Serum levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 increased and decreased, respectively. S. boulardii has potential antioxidant activities in oxidative stress-related model, possibly modulating gut microbiota, immune defense, and antioxidant enzyme activities that can be considered in preventing oxidative stress-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Babaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Navidi-Moghaddam
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ariyan Naderi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non- Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Roberts K, Osme A, De Salvo C, Zoli E, Herrada J, McCormick TS, Ghannoum M, Cominelli F, Di Martino L. Candida tropicalis Affects Candida albicans Virulence by Limiting Its Capacity to Adhere to the Host Intestinal Surface, Leading to Decreased Susceptibility to Colitis in Mice. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:245. [PMID: 38667916 PMCID: PMC11051055 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida (C.) infections represent a serious health risk for people affected by inflammatory bowel disease. An important fungal virulence factor is the capacity of the fungus to form biofilms on the colonized surface of the host. This research study aimed to determine the effect of a C. tropicalis and C. albicans co-infection on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The colitis severity was evaluated using histology and a colonoscopy. The mice were mono-inoculated with C. albicans or C. tropicalis or co-challenged with both species. The mice were administered 3% DSS to induce acute colitis. The biofilm activity was assessed using (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl] 2H-tetrazoliumhydroxide (XTT) and dry-weight assays. The abundance of C. albicans in the colon tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The co-challenged mice showed a decreased colitis severity compared to the mono-inoculated mice. The dry-weight assay demonstrated a marked decrease in C. albicans biofilm production in a C. albicans culture incubated with C. tropicalis supernatant. Immunohistochemical staining showed that C. albicans was more abundant in the mucosa of C. albicans mono-inoculated mice compared to the co-inoculated group. These data indicate an antagonistic microbial interaction between the two Candida species, where C. tropicalis may produce molecules capable of limiting the ability of C. albicans to adhere to the host intestinal surface, leading to a reduction in biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Roberts
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Carlo De Salvo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (C.D.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Eleonora Zoli
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Janet Herrada
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Thomas S. McCormick
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mahmoud Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (C.D.S.); (F.C.)
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Luca Di Martino
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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3
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Sendid B, Cornu M, Cordier C, Bouckaert J, Colombel JF, Poulain D. From ASCA breakthrough in Crohn's disease and Candida albicans research to thirty years of investigations about their meaning in human health. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103486. [PMID: 38040100 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) are human antibodies that can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay involving a mannose polymer (mannan) extracted from the cell wall of the yeast S. cerevisiae. The ASCA test was developed in 1993 with the aim of differentiating the serological response in two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The test, which is based on the detection of anti-oligomannosidic antibodies, has been extensively performed worldwide and there have been hundreds of publications on ASCA. The earlier studies concerned the initial diagnostic indications of ASCA and investigations then extended to many human diseases, generally in association with studies on intestinal microorganisms and the interaction of the micro-mycobiome with the immune system. The more information accumulates, the more the mystery of the meaning of ASCA deepens. Many fundamental questions remain unanswered. These questions concern the heterogeneity of ASCA, the mechanisms of their generation and persistence, the existence of self-antigens, and the relationship between ASCA and inflammation and autoimmunity. This review aims to discuss the gray areas concerning the origin of ASCA from an analysis of the literature. Structured around glycobiology and the mannosylated antigens of S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans, this review will address these questions and will try to clarify some lines of thought. The importance of the questions relating to the pathophysiological significance of ASCA goes far beyond IBD, even though these diseases remain the preferred models for their understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boualem Sendid
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marjorie Cornu
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Cordier
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- CNRS UMR 8576, Computational Molecular Systems Biology, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Frederic Colombel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel Poulain
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Yadav A, Yadav R, Sharma V, Dutta U. A comprehensive guide to assess gut mycobiome and its role in pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:112-128. [PMID: 38409485 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune mediated chronic inflammatory disorder of gastrointestinal tract, which has underlying multifactorial pathogenic determinants such as environmental factors, susceptibility genes, gut microbial dysbiosis and a dysregulated immune response. Human gut is a frequent inhabitant of complex microbial ecosystem encompassing bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and other microorganisms that have an undisputable role in maintaining balanced homeostasis. All of these microbes interact with immune system and affect human gut physiology either directly or indirectly with interaction of each other. Intestinal fungi represent a smaller but crucial component of the human gut microbiome. Besides interaction with bacteriome and virome, it helps in balancing homoeostasis between pathophysiological and physiological processes, which is often dysregulated in patients with IBD. Understanding of gut mycobiome and its clinical implications are still in in its infancy as opposed to bacterial component of gut microbiome, which is more often focused. Modulation of gut mycobiome represents a novel and promising strategy in the management of patients with IBD. Emerging mycobiome-based therapies such as diet interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics (both fungal and bacterial strains) and antifungals exhibit substantial effects in calibrating the gut mycobiome and restoring dysbalanced immune homeostasis by restoring the core gut mycobiome. In this review, we summarized compositional and functional diversity of the gut mycobiome in healthy individuals and patients with IBD, gut mycobiome dysbiosis in patients with IBD, host immune-fungal interactions and therapeutic role of modulation of intestinal fungi in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Yadav
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Renu Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India.
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Park G, Munley JA, Kelly LS, Kannan KB, Mankowski RT, Sharma A, Upchurch G, Casadesus G, Chakrabarty P, Wallet SM, Maile R, Bible LE, Wang B, Moldawer LL, Mohr AM, Efron PA, Nagpal R. Gut mycobiome dysbiosis after sepsis and trauma. Crit Care 2024; 28:18. [PMID: 38212826 PMCID: PMC10785534 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and trauma are known to disrupt gut bacterial microbiome communities, but the impacts and perturbations in the fungal (mycobiome) community after severe infection or injury, particularly in patients experiencing chronic critical illness (CCI), remain unstudied. METHODS We assess persistence of the gut mycobiome perturbation (dysbiosis) in patients experiencing CCI following sepsis or trauma for up to two-to-three weeks after intensive care unit hospitalization. RESULTS We show that the dysbiotic mycobiome arrays shift toward a pathobiome state, which is more susceptible to infection, in CCI patients compared to age-matched healthy subjects. The fungal community in CCI patients is largely dominated by Candida spp; while, the commensal fungal species are depleted. Additionally, these myco-pathobiome arrays correlate with alterations in micro-ecological niche involving specific gut bacteria and gut-blood metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal the persistence of mycobiome dysbiosis in both sepsis and trauma settings, even up to two weeks post-sepsis and trauma, highlighting the need to assess and address the increased risk of fungal infections in CCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jennifer A Munley
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lauren S Kelly
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kolenkode B Kannan
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Gilbert Upchurch
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Letitia E Bible
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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Camaioni L, Ustyanowski B, Buisine M, Lambert D, Sendid B, Billamboz M, Jawhara S. Natural Compounds with Antifungal Properties against Candida albicans and Identification of Hinokitiol as a Promising Antifungal Drug. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1603. [PMID: 37998805 PMCID: PMC10668714 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast that causes most fungal infections. C. albicans has become increasingly resistant to antifungal drugs over the past decade. Our study focused on the identification of pure natural compounds for the development of antifungal medicines. A total of 15 natural compounds from different chemical families (cinnamic derivatives, aromatic phenols, mono- and sesquiterpenols, and unclassified compounds) were screened in this study. Among these groups, hinokitiol (Hi), a natural monoterpenoid extracted from the wood of the cypress family, showed excellent anti-C. albicans activity, with a MIC value of 8.21 µg/mL. Hi was selected from this panel for further investigation to assess its antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. Hi exhibited significant antifungal activity against clinically isolated fluconazole- or caspofungin-resistant C. albicans strains. It also reduced biofilm formation and hyphal growth. Treatment with Hi protected Caenorhabditis elegans against infection with C. albicans and enhanced the expression of antimicrobial genes in worms infected with C. albicans. Aside from its antifungal activities against C. albicans, Hi challenge attenuated the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and CCL-2) in macrophages. Overall, Hi is a natural compound with antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties, making Hi a promising platform with which to fight against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Camaioni
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.C.); (B.U.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bastien Ustyanowski
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.C.); (B.U.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathys Buisine
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.C.); (B.U.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dylan Lambert
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.C.); (B.U.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Boualem Sendid
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.C.); (B.U.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Muriel Billamboz
- INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
- JUNIA, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Samir Jawhara
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.C.); (B.U.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
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Jawhara S. Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Improve the Gut Microbiota and Help Combat Fungal Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1556. [PMID: 37375058 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Western diets are rapidly spreading due to globalization, causing an increase in obesity and diseases of civilization. These Western diets are associated with changes in the gut microbiota related to intestinal inflammation. This review discusses the adverse effects of Western diets, which are high in fat and sugar and low in vegetable fiber, on the gut microbiota. This leads to gut dysbiosis and overgrowth of Candida albicans, which is a major cause of fungal infection worldwide. In addition to an unhealthy Western diet, other factors related to disease development and gut dysbiosis include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, prolonged use of antibiotics, and chronic psychological stress. This review suggests that a diversified diet containing vegetable fiber, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins D and E, as well as micronutrients associated with probiotic or prebiotic supplements can improve the biodiversity of the microbiota, lead to short-chain fatty acid production, and reduce the abundance of fungal species in the gut. The review also discusses a variety of foods and plants that are effective against fungal overgrowth and gut dysbiosis in traditional medicine. Overall, healthy diets and lifestyle factors contribute to human well-being and increase the biodiversity of the gut microbiota, which positively modulates the brain and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Jawhara
- UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-59000 Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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8
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Jawhara S. Editorial of Special Issue "Human Pathogenic Fungi: Host-Pathogen Interactions and Virulence". Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040963. [PMID: 37110386 PMCID: PMC10142418 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most individuals harbour several species of yeast of the genus Candida, which are considered true symbionts of the human gut microbiota [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Jawhara
- UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-59000 Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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9
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Xu X, Wu J, Jin Y, Huang K, Zhang Y, Liang Z. Both Saccharomyces boulardii and Its Postbiotics Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice, Association with Modulating Inflammation and Intestinal Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061484. [PMID: 36986214 PMCID: PMC10055518 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and its freeze-dried and spray-dried postbiotics on the intervention and potential mechanism of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. [Methods] After the acclimation period of C67BL/6J mice, a colitis model was constructed by applying 2% DSS for 7 d, followed by 7 d of intervention. Subsequently, the disease activity index (DAI), organ index, colon length, colon HE staining of pathological sections, ELISA for blood inflammatory factors (Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to determine the levels of colonic inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), Occludin gene expression, and intestinal flora were assessed to evaluate the protective effects of S. boulardii and its postbiotics on colitis in mice. RESULTS Compared with the DSS group, S. boulardii and the postbiotics interventions effectively improved colonic shortening and tissue damage, increased the expression of intestinal tight junction protein, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, increased the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, and maintained the homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms. Postbiotics intervention is better than probiotics. CONCLUSIONS S. boulardii and its postbiotics can effectively alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice through modulating host immunity and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Postbiotics are promising next-generation biotherapeutics for ulcerative colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinge Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingwei Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Zoo Captive Wildlife Technology, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Kunyeit L, Rao RP, Anu-Appaiah KA. Yeasts originating from fermented foods, their potential as probiotics and therapeutic implication for human health and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6660-6671. [PMID: 36728916 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2172546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Yeasts derived from fermented foods have historically been known for their organoleptic properties, enriching nutritional values, and producing bioactive metabolites with therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the yeast flora in fermented foods, their functional aspects in fermentation, as well as their probiotic and biotherapeutic properties. These yeasts have numerous physical and biochemical characteristics, such as larger cells as compared to bacteria, a rigid cell wall composed primarily of glucans and mannans, natural resistance to antibiotics, and the secretion of secondary metabolites that are both pleasing to the consumer and beneficial to the host's health and well-being. The review also focused on therapeutic applications of probiotic yeasts derived from fermented foods on infections associated with Candida species. These potential probiotic yeasts present an additional avenue to treat dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and prevent health complications that arise from opportunistic fungal colonization, especially drug-resistant superbugs, which are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohith Kunyeit
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reeta P Rao
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K A Anu-Appaiah
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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11
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Angulo M, Ramos A, Reyes-Becerril M, Guerra K, Monreal-Escalante E, Angulo C. Probiotic Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 yeast enhanced immune responses in mice. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:28. [PMID: 36590244 PMCID: PMC9797638 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 on innate immune responses in mice. Thirty BALB/c mice were randomly treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (control) and two D. hansenii (Dh) doses: Dh 10ˆ6 CFU (colony forming units) and Dh 10ˆ8 CFU daily for 15 days. Spleen, blood, and gut samples were taken on days 7 and 15. Mouse splenocytes were isolated and challenged with Escherichia coli. Immunological assays and immune-related gene expressions were performed. Serum was obtained from blood for total IgA and IgG antibody titer determination. Gut samples were taken for yeast colonization assessment. Phagocytosis, respiratory burst activity, and nitric oxide production in mice were mainly enhanced (p < 0.05) upon 7 days of D. hansenii intake at a concentration of 10ˆ8 CFU before and after bacterial challenge. Moreover, oral D. hansenii in mice upregulated (p < 0.05) gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β) before or after E. coli challenge on day 7 but downregulated (p < 0.05) on day 15. Furthermore, total serum IgG and IgA titers were higher (p < 0.05) in Dh 10ˆ8 CFU at days 7 and 15, and only at day 7, respectively, than that in the other dose and control groups. Finally, D. hansenii was detected in the gut of mice that received the treatments, suggesting that yeast survived gastrointestinal transit. Altogether, a short period (7 days) of D. hansenii CBS 8339 oral delivery improved immune innate response on mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Angulo
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096 La Paz, BCS Mexico
| | - Abel Ramos
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096 La Paz, BCS Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096 La Paz, BCS Mexico
| | - Kevyn Guerra
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096 La Paz, BCS Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096 La Paz, BCS Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096 La Paz, BCS Mexico
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12
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Similarities and Differences among Species Closely Related to Candida albicans: C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, and C. auris. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2599136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although Candida species are widespread commensals of the microflora of healthy individuals, they are also among the most important human fungal pathogens that under certain conditions can cause diseases (candidiases) of varying severity ranging from mild superficial infections of the mucous membranes to life-threatening systemic infections. So far, the vast majority of research aimed at understanding the molecular basis of pathogenesis has been focused on the most common species—Candida albicans. Meanwhile, other closely related species belonging to the CTG clade, namely, Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis, are becoming more important in clinical practice, as well as a relatively newly identified species, Candida auris. Despite the close relationship of these microorganisms, it seems that in the course of evolution, they have developed distinct biochemical, metabolic, and physiological adaptations, which they use to fit to commensal niches and achieve full virulence. Therefore, in this review, we describe the current knowledge on C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, and C. auris virulence factors, the formation of a mixed species biofilm and mutual communication, the environmental stress response and related changes in fungal cell metabolism, and the effect of pathogens on host defense response and susceptibility to antifungal agents used, highlighting differences with respect to C. albicans. Special attention is paid to common diagnostic problems resulting from similarities between these species and the emergence of drug resistance mechanisms. Understanding the different strategies to achieve virulence, used by important opportunistic pathogens of the genus Candida, is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Huang Y, Lin X, Yu S, Chen R, Chen W. Intestinal Engineered Probiotics as Living Therapeutics: Chassis Selection, Colonization Enhancement, Gene Circuit Design, and Biocontainment. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3134-3153. [PMID: 36094344 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal probiotics are often used for the in situ treatment of diseases, such as metabolic disorders, tumors, and chronic inflammatory infections. Recently, there has been an increased emphasis on intelligent, customized treatments with a focus on long-term efficacy; however, traditional probiotic therapy has not kept up with this trend. The use of synthetic biology to construct gut-engineered probiotics as live therapeutics is a promising avenue in the treatment of specific diseases, such as phenylketonuria and inflammatory bowel disease. These studies generally involve a series of fundamental design issues: choosing an engineered chassis, improving the colonization ability of engineered probiotics, designing functional gene circuits, and ensuring the safety of engineered probiotics. In this review, we summarize the relevant past research, the progress of current research, and discuss the key issues that restrict the widespread application of intestinal engineered probiotic living therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Team SZU-China at iGEM 2021, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Team SZU-China at iGEM 2021, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Siyang Yu
- Team SZU-China at iGEM 2021, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ruiyue Chen
- Team SZU-China at iGEM 2021, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weizhao Chen
- Team SZU-China at iGEM 2021, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Microbial Gene Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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14
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Oleic Acid and Palmitic Acid from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Lactobacillus johnsonii Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory and Antifungal Properties. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091803. [PMID: 36144406 PMCID: PMC9504516 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in populations of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Lactobacillus johnsonii is observed during the development of colitis and fungal overgrowth, while restoration of these populations reduces inflammatory parameters and fungal overgrowth in mice. This study investigated the effect of two fatty acids from B. thetaiotaomicron and L. johnsonii on macrophages and Caco-2 cells, as well as their impact on the inflammatory immune response and on Candida glabrata overgrowth in a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) from L. johnsonii and B. thetaiotaomicron were detected during their interaction with epithelial cells from colon samples. OA alone or OA combined with PA (FAs) reduced the expression of proinflammatory mediators in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells challenged with DSS. OA alone or FAs increased FFAR1, FFAR2, AMPK, and IL-10 expression in macrophages. Additionally, OA alone or FAs decreased COX-2, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-12 expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In the DSS murine model, oral administration of FAs reduced inflammatory parameters, decreased Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis populations, and eliminated C. glabrata from the gut. Overall, these findings provide evidence that OA combined with PA exhibits anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties.
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Li M, Zhang R, Li J, Li J. The Role of C-Type Lectin Receptor Signaling in the Intestinal Microbiota-Inflammation-Cancer Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894445. [PMID: 35619716 PMCID: PMC9127077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a subset of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs) are mainly expressed by myeloid cells as both transmembrane and soluble forms. CLRs recognize not only pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), but also damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to promote innate immune responses and affect adaptive immune responses. Upon engagement by PAMPs or DAMPs, CLR signaling initiates various biological activities in vivo, such as cytokine secretion and immune cell recruitment. Recently, several CLRs have been implicated as contributory to the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, which represents a prominent risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). CLRs function as an interface among microbiota, intestinal epithelial barrier and immune system, so we firstly discussed the relationship between dysbiosis caused by microbiota alteration and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), then focused on the role of CLRs signaling in pathogenesis of IBD (including Mincle, Dectin-3, Dectin-1, DCIR, DC-SIGN, LOX-1 and their downstream CARD9). Given that CLRs mediate intricate inflammatory signals and inflammation plays a significant role in tumorigenesis, we finally highlight the specific effects of CLRs on CRC, especially colitis-associated cancer (CAC), hoping to open new horizons on pathogenesis and therapeutics of IBD and CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runfeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingnan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Roles of the gut virome and mycobiome in faecal microbiota transplantation. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:472-484. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Reinold J, Farahpour F, Schoerding AK, Fehring C, Dolff S, Konik M, Korth J, van Baal L, Buer J, Witzke O, Westendorf AM, Kehrmann J. The Fungal Gut Microbiome Exhibits Reduced Diversity and Increased Relative Abundance of Ascomycota in Severe COVID-19 Illness and Distinct Interconnected Communities in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:848650. [PMID: 35521219 PMCID: PMC9062042 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.848650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies indicate that the bacterial and fungal gut microbiota modulates immune responses in distant organs including the lungs. Immune dysregulation is associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and several groups have observed gut bacterial dysbiosis in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, while the fungal gut microbiota remains poorly defined in these patients. We analyzed the fungal gut microbiome from rectal swabs taken prior to anti-infective treatment in 30 SARS-CoV-2 positive (21 non-severe COVID-19 and 9 developing severe/critical COVID-19 patients) and 23 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients by ITS2-sequencing. Pronounced but distinct interconnected fungal communities distinguished SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients. Fungal gut microbiota in severe/critical COVID-19 illness was characterized by a reduced diversity, richness and evenness and by an increase of the relative abundance of the Ascomycota phylum compared with non-severe COVID-19 illness. A dominance of a single fungal species with a relative abundance of >75% was a frequent feature in severe/critical COVID-19. The dominating fungal species were highly variable between patients even within the groups. Several fungal taxa were depleted in patients with severe/critical COVID-19.The distinct compositional changes of the fungal gut microbiome in SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in severe COVID-19 illness, illuminate the necessity of a broader approach to investigate whether the differences in the fungal gut microbiome are consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection or a predisposing factor for critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Reinold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Farnoush Farahpour
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schoerding
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Fehring
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Margarethe Konik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Korth
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas van Baal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Kehrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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18
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Kye YJ, Lee SY, Kim HR, Lee BH, Park JH, Park MS, Ji GE, Sung MK. Lactobacillus acidophilus PIN7 paraprobiotic supplementation ameliorates DSS-induced colitis through anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3189-3200. [PMID: 34878713 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of paraprobiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus PIN7 supplementation against dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to determine their mechanisms of the action. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten-week-old female BALB/C mice were randomly divided into five groups. Each group was administered with PBS (control and DSS group), live PIN7 (LIVE group), heat-killed PIN7 (HEAT group) or lysozyme-treated PIN7 (LYSOZYME group) for 10 days followed by 2.5% DSS supply in drinking water for 5 days except for the control group. Colitis-associated DAI scores were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated in HEAT and LYSOZYME group. The HEAT group exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) lower colonic tissue damage score compared to the DSS group. Furthermore, HEAT and LYSOZYME groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher colonic expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR) 6 and intestinal junction protein E-cadherin and occludin compared to the DSS group. LYSOZYME group showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower colonic expressions of Th2 cell-associated pro-inflammatory molecules, namely GATA3 and IL-4, and higher expression of anti-inflammatory NLRP6 and IL-18 compared to the DSS group. Also, HEAT group exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) lower colonic p-IκBα expression compared to the DSS group, while COX-2 expression was significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed by both paraprobiotics supplementation. Paraprobiotics significantly altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota. CONCLUSION Paraprobiotic L. acidophilus PIN7 ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by regulating immune-modulatory TLR6 signalling and gut microbiota composition. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study suggests paraprobiotic L. acidophilus PIN7 are superior candidates to prevent intestinal inflammation associated with dysregulated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jin Kye
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Ra Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Soo Park
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Eog Ji
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-gu, Republic of Korea
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Mena L, Billamboz M, Charlet R, Desprès B, Sendid B, Ghinet A, Jawhara S. Two New Compounds Containing Pyridinone or Triazine Heterocycles Have Antifungal Properties against Candida albicans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010072. [PMID: 35052949 PMCID: PMC8773291 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis, caused by the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans, is the most common fungal infection today. Resistance of C. albicans to current antifungal drugs has emerged over the past decade leading to the need for novel antifungal agents. Our aim was to select new antifungal compounds by library-screening methods and to assess their antifungal effects against C. albicans. After screening 90 potential antifungal compounds from JUNIA, a chemical library, two compounds, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-3,6-dimethylpyridin-2(1H)-one (PYR) and (Z)-N-(2-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)vinyl)-4-methoxyaniline (TRI), were identified as having potential antifungal activity. Treatment with PYR and TRI resulted in a significant reduction of C. albicans bioluminescence as well as the number of fungal colonies, indicating rapid fungicidal activity. These two compounds were also effective against clinically isolated fluconazole- or caspofungin-resistant C. albicans strains. PYR and TRI had an inhibitory effect on Candida biofilm formation and reduced the thickness of the mannan cell wall. In a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, PYR and TRI decreased the mortality of nematodes infected with C. albicans and enhanced the expression of antimicrobial genes that promote C. albicans elimination. Overall, PYR and TRI showed antifungal properties against C. albicans by exerting fungicidal activities and enhancing the antimicrobial gene expression of Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mena
- UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.M.); (R.C.); (B.D.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Muriel Billamboz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.); (A.G.)
- JUNIA, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rogatien Charlet
- UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.M.); (R.C.); (B.D.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bérangère Desprès
- UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.M.); (R.C.); (B.D.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Boualem Sendid
- UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.M.); (R.C.); (B.D.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.); (A.G.)
- JUNIA, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000 Lille, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, ‘Alexandru Ioan Cuza’ University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Samir Jawhara
- UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.M.); (R.C.); (B.D.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)3-2062-3546; Fax: +33-(0)3-2062-3416
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20
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Prieto D, Pla J. Comparative Analysis of the Fitness of Candida albicans Strains During Colonization of the Mice Gastrointestinal Tract. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2542:233-244. [PMID: 36008669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2549-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans populations present in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract are a major source of candidemia and subsequent severe invasive candidiasis in those individuals with acquired or congenital immune defects. Understanding the mechanisms used by this fungus to colonize this niche is, therefore, of primary importance to develop new therapeutic options that could lead to control its proliferation in the host. The recent popularization of models of commensalism in mice combined with the already powerful tools in C. albicans genetics allows to analyze the role of specific genes during colonization. Fitness can be analyzed for a specific C. albicans strain (test strain) by comparing its growth in vivo with an otherwise isogenic control strain via the analysis of the luminal content of the mouse gastrointestinal tract using flow cytometry, qPCR, or viable fungal cell counting. While all these procedures have limitations, they can be used to estimate the degree of adaptation of the test strain to the mammalian tract by determining its relative abundance with an internal control strain. By using specific genetically engineered C. albicans and mouse strains, antibiotic regimes, or even germ-free mice, this methodology allows to determine the role of the host immunological status, the bacterial microbiota, or individual fungal features (e.g., dimorphism) in the process of colonization of C. albicans of the mammalian gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prieto
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología-IRYCIS, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pla
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología-IRYCIS, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Secondary Metabolites from Food-Derived Yeasts Inhibit Virulence of Candida albicans. mBio 2021; 12:e0189121. [PMID: 34399611 PMCID: PMC8406282 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01891-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A sparse number of available antifungal drugs, therapeutic side effects, and drug resistance are major challenges in current antifungal therapy to treat Candida albicans-associated infections. Here, we describe two food-derived yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Issatchenkia occidentalis, that inhibit virulence traits of C. albicans, including hyphal morphogenesis, biofilm formation, and adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. These yeasts also protect the model host Caenorhabditis elegans from C. albicans infection. We demonstrate that the protective activity is primarily retained in the secretome of the beneficial yeasts, and the protection they provide as a physical barrier is negligible. S. cerevisiae aro8 aro9 mutant analysis demonstrate that phenylethanol and tryptophol are necessary for protection, and experiments with commercially procured compounds indicate that they are sufficient to inhibit C. albicans virulence. We propose food-derived yeasts as an alternative or combination therapy to conventional antifungal therapy for C. albicans infection. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome, primarily established by food, is complex and contributes to the health of the host. Molecular mechanisms that regulate microbial interactions and host health remain unclear. Here, we show that the pathogen C. albicans interacts with food-derived beneficial yeasts in the gut of the microscopic worm, C. elegans, forming a simple microbiome. C. albicans can colonize the worm gut, compromising the worm's health, and exposure to the food-derived yeasts ameliorates this effect protecting the nematode host. We identify small molecules from food-derived yeasts that are necessary and sufficient to inhibit multiple virulence traits of C. albicans and protect the nematode host. The nematode gut faithfully recapitulates a mammalian intestine. This could be an effective alternative or combination therapy for C. albicans infection.
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22
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Dowdell AS, Colgan SP. Metabolic Host-Microbiota Interactions in Autophagy and the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:708. [PMID: 34451805 PMCID: PMC8399382 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a family of conditions characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD afflicts over 3 million adults in the United States and shows increasing prevalence in the Westernized world. Current IBD treatments center on modulation of the damaging inflammatory response and carry risks such as immunosuppression, while the development of more effective treatments is hampered by our poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated that gene variants linked to the cellular response to microorganisms are most strongly associated with an increased risk of IBD. These studies are supported by mechanistic work demonstrating that IBD-associated polymorphisms compromise the intestine's anti-microbial defense. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding IBD as a disease of defects in host-microbe interactions and discuss potential avenues for targeting this mechanism for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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23
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Santos FDS, Maubrigades LR, Gonçalves VS, Alves Ferreira MR, Brasil CL, Cunha RC, Conceição FR, Leite FPL. Immunomodulatory effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 T and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in sheep vaccinated with Clostridium chauvoei. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 237:110272. [PMID: 34029878 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Clostridium chauvoei is the causative agent of blackleg in livestock, and vaccination is the most effective means of prevention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis and Saccharomyces boulardii on the immune response to a C. chauvoei vaccine in sheep. Sheep were vaccinated subcutaneously on day 0 and received a booster dose on day 21, with 2 mL of a commercial vaccine formulated with inactivated C. chauvoei bacterin adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. Probiotics were orally administered B. toyonensis (3 × 108 cfu) and S. boulardii (3 × 108 cfu) over five days prior to the first and second doses of the vaccine. Sheep supplemented with B. toyonensis and S. boulardii showed significantly higher specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 titers (P<0.05), with approximately 24- and 14-fold increases in total IgG levels, respectively, than the nonsupplemented group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the supplemented group had increased mRNA transcription levels of the IFN-γ, IL2, and Bcl6 genes. These results demonstrate an adjuvant effect of short-term supplementation with B. toyonensis and S. boulardii on the immune response against the C. chauvoei vaccine in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Denis Souza Santos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Reichert Maubrigades
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Alves Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Litchina Brasil
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil.
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24
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Niemeier-Walsh C, Ryan PH, Meller J, Ollberding NJ, Adhikari A, Indugula R, Reponen T. The mycobiomes and bacteriomes of sputum, saliva, and home dust. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:357-368. [PMID: 32969526 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory microbiome is an understudied area of research compared to other microbiomes of the human body. The respiratory tract is exposed to an array of environmental pollutants, including microbes. Yet, we know very little about the relationship between environmental and respiratory microbiome. The primary aim of our study was to compare the mycobiomes and bacteriomes between three sample types from the same participants, including home dust, saliva, and sputum. Samples were collected from 40 adolescents in a longitudinal cohort. We analyzed the samples using 16s bacterial rDNA and ITS fungal rDNA gene sequencing, as well as quantitative PCR with universal fungal and bacterial primers. Results showed that home dust had the greatest alpha diversity between the three sample types for both bacteria and fungi. Dust had the highest total fungal load and the lowest total bacterial load. Sputum had greater bacterial diversity than saliva, but saliva had greater fungal diversity than sputum. The distribution of major bacterial phyla differed between all sample types. However, the distribution of major fungal classes differed only between sputum and saliva. Future research should examine the biological significance of the taxa found in each sample type based on microbial ecology and associations with health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jarek Meller
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ollberding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Atin Adhikari
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Reshmi Indugula
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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25
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In Vitro Assessment of Probiotic Potential of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae DABRP5 Isolated from Bollo Batter, a Traditional Goan Fermented Food. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:796-808. [PMID: 33454871 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bollo is a traditional Goan fermented food in which coarse wheat/wheat and finger millet is leavened with toddy. We here isolated 42 yeast strains from Bollo batter. Initial screening of the isolates with probiotic properties yielded four yeast isolates (DABRP1, DABRP2, DABRP5 and DABRP12). These isolates exhibited tolerance to high bile salt concentration and acidic pH and resistance to various antibiotics, which indicated their probiotic nature. All these yeast isolates were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae through D1D2-LSU-rDNA sequencing. These yeast isolates also showed higher percent hydrophobicity towards chloroform followed by n-hexadecane and o-xylene indicating their mucosal surface-adhesive property. To evaluate the safety of the isolates for them to be called as generally recognized as safe, the pathogenic behavior of the isolates determined through the in vitro hemolysis assay and evaluation of DNase and gelatinase activities. None of the isolates exhibited hemolysis or produced DNase or gelatinase and thus were considered potentially safe. In terms of beneficial effects, the most potent isolate S. cerevisiae DABRP5 showed antibacterial activity against the test pathogens. It also showed excellent antioxidant activity with DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 68.85 ± 0.69%, anti-inflammatory activity with 60.39 ± 0.34% inhibition of protein denaturation, and antidiabetic activity with 71.75 ± 0.45% inhibition of α-amylase activity. The isolate produced α-amylase, lipase, and β-galactosidase. The probiotic potential of the isolate S. cerevisiae DABRP5 was similar to that of the reference strain (Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745) used in this study. The results thus indicate that yeast isolates from Bollo batter have probiotic potential.
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26
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H89 Treatment Reduces Intestinal Inflammation and Candida albicans Overgrowth in Mice. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122039. [PMID: 33352792 PMCID: PMC7766101 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the dynamic crosstalk between the gut microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and immune cells is critically involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease and the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens, including the human opportunistic fungus Candida albicans. In the present study, we assessed the effect of N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H89), a protein kinase A inhibitor, on the migration of macrophages to C. albicans through dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-challenged Caco-2 cells. We also investigated the impact of H89 on intestinal inflammation and C. albicans clearance from the gut, and determined the diversity of the gut microbiota in a murine model of DSS-induced colitis. H89 reduced the migration of macrophages to C. albicans through DSS-challenged Caco-2 cells. In addition, H89 decreased C. albicans viability and diminished the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and innate immune receptors in macrophages and colonic epithelial Caco-2 cells. In mice with DSS-induced colitis, H89 attenuated the clinical and histological scores of inflammation and promoted the elimination of C. albicans from the gut. H89 administration to mice decreased the overgrowth of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis populations while Lactobacillus johnsonii populations increased significantly. Overall, H89 reduced intestinal inflammation and promoted the elimination of C. albicans from the gut.
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27
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Zhang L, Zhang K, Fang W, Li H, Li Y, Jiang W, Hu D, Coelho C, Liu X, Cai L, Liao W, Pan W. CircRNA-1806 Decreases T Cell Apoptosis and Prolongs Survival of Mice After Cryptococcal Infection by Sponging miRNA-126. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596440. [PMID: 33281794 PMCID: PMC7691421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs are a recently well-known regulator that mediates a variety of biological processes. Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental fungal pathogen that can cause fatal cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. However, the involvement of circRNA in cryptococcal infection remains unclear. In this study, high-throughput microarray was performed to identify the circRNA expression profile in cryptococcal meningitis patients. Circ_0001806 was significantly decreased in cryptococcal meningitis individuals. Then the effects of circ_0001806 and its interaction with miRNAs were explored in vivo and in vitro. The knock-down of circ_0001806 led to higher fungal infection and shorter survival in an experimental murine cryptococcosis model. Transcriptome analysis showed that decreased circ_0001806 regulated pathways related to the host antimicrobe response in T cells. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that circ_0001806 positively modulates ADM level, decreasing cell apoptosis and G1S arrest in T cells. Finally, we found circ_0001806 exerted its effects by sponging miRNA-126 in T cells. Taken together, our results reveal the role of circRNA-1806/miRNA-126 in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis in cryptococcal infection and can provide a new insights of the pathogenesis of cryptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keming Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Fang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongying Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Carolina Coelho
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangqi Cai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Lin CY, Lee AH, Chiu KK, Vieson MD, Steelman AJ, Swanson KS. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product Did Not Attenuate Clinical Signs, but Psyllium Husk Has Protective Effects in a Murine Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Model. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa159. [PMID: 33215055 PMCID: PMC7658636 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeast products and psyllium husk may provide relief from clinical signs of colitis due to their ability to promote gut integrity, modulate gut microbiota, or positively affect immune responses, which have been demonstrated in several species. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) and psyllium husk (PH) on cecal and fecal microbiota, colonic gene expression and histopathology, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) immune cells in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 54) were assigned to a control, 5% SCFP, or 5% PH diet. After 2 wk of diet adaptation, mice were provided distilled water or 3% (wt:vol) DSS for 5 d ad libitum. Body weight, food and water intakes, and disease activity index (DAI) were recorded daily during the treatment period. Fresh fecal samples were collected before and during treatment for microbial analyses. After treatment, mice were killed, followed by tissue collection. Tissues were stored in proper solutions until further analyses. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute). RESULTS Consumption of SCFP increased (P < 0.05) species richness of the gut microbiota and relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in fecal and cecal samples compared with control or PH mice. PH mice had greater (P < 0.05) gene expression of claudin (Cldn) 2, Cldn3, Cldn8, and occludin(Ocln) compared with control mice. DAI, MLN immune cell populations, colonic histopathology, and colonic gene expression were not affected (P > 0.05) by SCFP in DSS mice. DSS mice consuming PH had lower (P < 0.05) DAI compared with control or SCFP mice. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that, despite the modest changes it had on cecal and fecal microbiota, SCFP did not attenuate clinical signs associated with DSS-induced colitis in mice, while PH showed protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yen Lin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anne H Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Karen K Chiu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Miranda D Vieson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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29
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Kunyeit L, K A AA, Rao RP. Application of Probiotic Yeasts on Candida Species Associated Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040189. [PMID: 32992993 PMCID: PMC7711718 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Superficial and life-threatening invasive Candida infections are a major clinical challenge in hospitalized and immuno-compromised patients. Emerging drug-resistance among Candida species is exacerbated by the limited availability of antifungals and their associated side-effects. In the current review, we discuss the application of probiotic yeasts as a potential alternative/ combination therapy against Candida infections. Preclinical studies have identified several probiotic yeasts that effectively inhibit virulence of Candida species, including Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida auris. However, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii is the only probiotic yeast commercially available. In addition, clinical studies have further confirmed the in vitro and in vivo activity of the probiotic yeasts against Candida species. Probiotics use a variety of protective mechanisms, including posing a physical barrier, the ability to aggregate pathogens and render them avirulent. Secreted metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids effectively inhibit the adhesion and morphological transition of Candida species. Overall, the probiotic yeasts could be a promising effective alternative or combination therapy for Candida infections. Additional studies would bolster the application of probiotic yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohith Kunyeit
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, India; (L.K.); (A.K.A.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Anu-Appaiah K A
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, India; (L.K.); (A.K.A.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Reeta P. Rao
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-508-831-5000
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30
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Charlet R, Bortolus C, Sendid B, Jawhara S. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Lactobacillus johnsonii modulate intestinal inflammation and eliminate fungi via enzymatic hydrolysis of the fungal cell wall. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11510. [PMID: 32661259 PMCID: PMC7359362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the gut microbiota can cause an amplification of the inflammatory response to intestinal pathogens. We assessed the effect of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Lactobacillus johnsonii on the elimination of Candida species and whether restoration of these two anaerobic bacteria could attenuate the development of colitis in mice. In this study, L. johnsonii and B. thetaiotaomicron interacted directly with Candida species and induced a degradation of the fungal cell wall, mediated via chitinase-like and mannosidase-like activities, which promoted the inhibition of Candida species growth. In the DSS-induced colitis model, oral administration of L. johnsonii and B. thetaiotaomicron to mice reduced the overgrowth of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida glabrata populations and resulted in a significant reduction in inflammatory parameters. L. johnsonii and B. thetaiotaomicron decreased pro-inflammatory mediators and enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokine response with high TLR9 expression and chitinase-like protein-1 activation, which promoted the elimination of C. glabrata from the gut. Overall, these findings provide evidence that L. johnsonii and B. thetaiotaomicron decrease the development of colitis mediated by TLR9 and promote the elimination of C. glabrata from the gut via chitinase-like and mannosidase-like activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogatien Charlet
- CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale Et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, 59000, Lille, France.,University of Lille, 1 place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Clovis Bortolus
- CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale Et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, 59000, Lille, France.,University of Lille, 1 place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Boualem Sendid
- CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale Et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, 59000, Lille, France.,University of Lille, 1 place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Samir Jawhara
- CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale Et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, 59000, Lille, France. .,University of Lille, 1 place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France. .,CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, 59000, Lille, France.
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31
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Comparative immunophenotyping of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida spp. strains from Crohn's disease patients and their interactions with the gut microbiome. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 3:100036. [PMID: 32743520 PMCID: PMC7388382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the fungal communities in animal models of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) showed a controversial role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida spp. In health and disease. These conflicting observations could be ascribed to immunogenic differences among co-specific strains. To assess the relevance of intra-strains differences on yeast immunogenicity and impact on the microbiota, we screened S. cerevisiae and Candida spp. Strains isolated from fecal samples of IBD patients. We compared the cytokine profiles, obtained upon stimulation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and Dendritic Cells with different yeast strains, and evaluated the relationship between strain’s cell wall sugar amount and immune response. Moreover, the gut microbiota composition was explored in relation to fungal isolation from fecal samples by metabarcoding analysis. The comparison of cytokine profiles showed strain dependent rather than species-dependent differences in immune responses. Differences in immunogenicity correlated with the cell wall composition of S. cerevisiae intestinal strains. Stimulation of human healthy PBMCs with different strains showed a pro-inflammatory IL-6 response counterbalanced by IL-10 production. Interestingly, Crohn’s (CD) patients responded differently to “self” and “non-self” strains, eliciting pure Th1 or Th17 cytokine patterns. The differences observed in vitro were recapitulated in vivo, where different strains contributed in dramatically different ways to local epithelial activity and to the inflammation of wild type and Interleukin-deficient mice. Furthermore, we observed that the gut microbiota profiles significantly differentiated according to the presence of Saccharomyces or Candida spp. or the absence of fungal isolates in fecal samples. Our results show the importance to deepen metagenomics and immunophenotyping analyses to the strain level, to elucidate the role of fungal and bacterial communities in health and disease. Previous studies indicated an involvement of gut mycobiome in IBD pathogenesis. We screened for immunomodulatory properties S. cerevisiae and Candida strains from IBD patients. The fungal immunomodulation depends on strain-rather than species-specific traits. Differences in immunogenicity correlate with the cell wall composition of gut strains. CD patients responded differently to “self” and “non-self” strains.
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Shamekhi S, Lotfi H, Abdolalizadeh J, Bonabi E, Zarghami N. An overview of yeast probiotics as cancer biotherapeutics: possible clinical application in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1227-1239. [PMID: 31919760 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The previous reports have established a strong link between diet, lifestyle, and gut microbiota population with the onset of the colorectal cancer (CRC). Administration of probiotics has become a particular interest in prevention and treatment of CRC. As potential dietary complements, probiotics might be able to lower the risk of CRC and manage the safety of traditional cancer therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. This review investigates the promising effects of probiotics as biotherapeutics, with due attention to possible clinical application of yeast probiotics in prevention and treatment of CRC. In addition, various underlying anti-cancer mechanisms are covered here based on scientific evidence and findings from numerous experimental studies. Application of probiotics as biotherapeutics in CRC, however, needs to be approved by human clinical trials. It is of prime concern, to find potential probiotic strains, effective doses for administrations and regimes, and molecular mechanisms involved in prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shamekhi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - J Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - E Bonabi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Zarghami
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Lam S, Zuo T, Ho M, Chan FKL, Chan PKS, Ng SC. Review article: fungal alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50:1159-1171. [PMID: 31648369 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data suggest that alterations in gut fungi may be associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In healthy individuals, gut commensal fungi act synergistically with other members of the microbiota to maintain homeostasis but their role in IBD is less clear. AIM To review the role of gut fungi and their trans-kingdom interactions with bacteria in IBD METHODS: A literature search was conducted on Ovid and Pubmed to select relevant animal and human studies that have reported fungi and IBD. RESULTS There is an increased total fungal load particularly of Candida and Malassezia species in the faeces and mucosa of Crohn's disease patients, and a lower fungal diversity in the faeces of ulcerative colitis patients. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (CARD)-9 polymorphism in Crohn's disease patients favours Malassezia colonisation that worsens gut inflammation. Diet high in carbohydrates increased the total abundance of Candida species, whereas protein-rich diet had the opposite effect. Anti-fungal therapies are mostly used to treat Candida albicans or Histoplasma capsulatum infections in IBD, whereas pilot studies of supplementing fungal probiotics Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Saccharomyces boulardii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 strain showed therapeutic effects in IBD. CONCLUSIONS Gut fungi are altered in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Modulation of the fungal microbiota can be considered as a therapeutic approach for IBD. Future research should focus on understanding how the fungal microbiota interacts with other components of the gut microbiota in association with the pathogenesis and development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Lam
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Ho
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Yue B, Luo X, Yu Z, Mani S, Wang Z, Dou W. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Potential Result from the Collusion between Gut Microbiota and Mucosal Immune System. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100440. [PMID: 31614539 PMCID: PMC6843348 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host health depends on the intestinal homeostasis between the innate/adaptive immune system and the microbiome. Numerous studies suggest that gut microbiota are constantly monitored by the host mucosal immune system, and any slight disturbance in the microbial communities may contribute to intestinal immune disruption and increased susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis between microbiota composition and the mucosal immune system is an effective approach to prevent and control IBD. The overall theme of this review is to summarize the research concerning the pathogenesis of IBD, with particular focus on the factors of gut microbiota-mucosal immune interactions in IBD. This is a comprehensive and in-depth report of the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system in IBD pathogenesis, which may provide insight into the further evaluation of the therapeutic strategies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhilun Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai 201203, China.
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Saccharomyces boulardii inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes in the colonic mucosa of rats experimentally-infected with Blastocystis subtype-3 cysts. Parasitology 2019; 146:1532-1540. [PMID: 31109390 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis spp. is the most frequent infectious unicellular, luminal parasite in all species of animals and humans. It has been linked to diarrhoea and irritable bowel syndrome. Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a widely used probiotic that previously showed efficacy against several intestinal pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic role of Sb on Blastocystis spp. Methods: Five groups of Blastocystis subtype-3 infected rats were treated with either live Sb alone, metronidazole (MTZ) alone, Sb extract, both Sb and MTZ, or placebo-treated besides the noninfected control group. Assessment of treatment effectiveness was done by study of parasitological cure rate, histopathological effect and analysis of the colonic mucosal level of mRNAs expressions for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Results showed that live Sb significantly improved the histological characteristics and decreased the cytokines and iNOS in the colonic mucosa. Co-administration of live Sb together with MTZ gave a better effect than other treatments and had early efficacy and revealed a 100% reduction of the parasite stages from both the stool and intestinal wash fluid.
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Czerucka D, Rampal P. Diversity of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 mechanisms of action against intestinal infections. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2188-2203. [PMID: 31143070 PMCID: PMC6526157 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i18.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is one of the probiotics recommended for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Studies conducted in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that in the case of infectious diseases there are two potential sites of action of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745: (1) An action on enteropathogenic microorganisms (adhesion of bacteria and their elimination or an effect on their virulence factors: Toxins, lipopolysaccharide, etc.); and (2) a direct action on the intestinal mucosa (trophic effects, effects on epithelial reconstitution, anti-secretory effects, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulators). Oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 to healthy subjects does not alter their microbiota. However, in the case of diseases associated with the use of antibiotics or chronic diarrhea, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 can restore the intestinal microbiota faster. The interaction of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 with the innate immune system have been recently demonstrated thus opening up a new therapeutic potential of this yeast in the case of diseases associated with intestinal infections but also other pathologies associated with dysbiosis such as inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Czerucka
- Department of Human Health, Division of Ecosystems and Immunity, Center Scientific of Monaco, Monaco MC98000, Monaco
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Dietary Chitin Particles Called Mimetic Fungi Ameliorate Colitis in Toll-Like Receptor 2/CD14- and Sex-Dependent Manners. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00006-19. [PMID: 30782858 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00006-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a natural N-acetylglucosamine polymer and a major structural component of fungal cell walls. Dietary chitin is mucoadhesive; anti-inflammatory effects of chitin microparticles (CMPs; 1- to 10-μm diameters) have been demonstrated in models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The goals of this study were to assess (i) whether CMPs among various chitin preparations are the most effective against colitis in male and female mice and (ii) whether host chitin-binding Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and CD14 are required for the anti-inflammatory effect of chitin. We found that colitis in male mice was ameliorated by CMPs and large chitin beads (LCBs; 40 to 70 μm) but not by chitosan (deacetylated chitin) microparticles, oligosaccharide chitin, or glucosamine. In fact, LCBs were more effective than CMPs. In female colitis, on the other hand, CMPs and LCBs were equally and highly effective. Neither sex of TLR2-deficient mice showed anti-inflammatory effects when treated with LCBs. No anti-inflammatory effect of LCBs was seen in either CD14-deficient males or females. Furthermore, an in vitro study indicated that when LCBs and CMPs were digested with stomach acidic mammalian chitinase (AMC), their size-dependent macrophage activations were modified, at least in part, suggesting reduced particle sizes of dietary chitin in the stomach. Interestingly, stomach AMC activity was greater in males than females. Our results indicated that dietary LCBs were the most effective preparation for treating colitis in both sexes; these anti-inflammatory effects of LCBs were dependent on host TLR2 and CD14.
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Charlet R, Sendid B, Kaveri SV, Poulain D, Bayry J, Jawhara S. Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy Eliminates Candida albicans and Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis in a Murine Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061473. [PMID: 30909599 PMCID: PMC6471409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy has diverse anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and has been employed successfully in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The role of IVIg therapy in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and fungal elimination has not been yet investigated. We studied IVIg therapy in a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Mice received a single oral inoculum of Candidaalbicans and were exposed to DSS treatment for 2 weeks to induce colitis. All mice received daily IVIg therapy starting on day 1 for 7 days. IVIg therapy not only prevented a loss of body weight caused by the development of colitis but also reduced the severity of intestinal inflammation, as determined by clinical and histological scores. IVIg treatment significantly reduced the Escherichiacoli,Enterococcusfaecalis, and C.albicans populations in mice. The beneficial effects of IVIg were associated with the suppression of inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and enhancement of IL-10 in the gut. IVIg therapy also led to an increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), while toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) expression was reduced. IVIg treatment reduces intestinal inflammation in mice and eliminates C.albicans overgrowth from the gut in association with down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators combined with up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogatien Charlet
- Inserm, U995/Team2, Université Lille, 1 place Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France.
- University Lille2, U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, F-59000 Lille, France.
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Boualem Sendid
- Inserm, U995/Team2, Université Lille, 1 place Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France.
- University Lille2, U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, F-59000 Lille, France.
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Srini V Kaveri
- Inserm Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immuno-intervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Poulain
- Inserm, U995/Team2, Université Lille, 1 place Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France.
- University Lille2, U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, F-59000 Lille, France.
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Inserm Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immuno-intervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Samir Jawhara
- Inserm, U995/Team2, Université Lille, 1 place Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France.
- University Lille2, U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, F-59000 Lille, France.
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Imai T, Inoue R, Kawada Y, Morita Y, Inatomi O, Nishida A, Bamba S, Kawahara M, Andoh A. Characterization of fungal dysbiosis in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:149-159. [PMID: 30478724 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-018-1530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are no previous reports describing the fecal fungal microbiome of a Japanese population using advanced molecular techniques. In this study, we performed a molecular analysis on the fungal microbial community of a healthy Japanese population and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fecal samples were obtained from 18 patients with inactive ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 18), Crohn's disease (CD, n = 20) and healthy volunteers (n = 20). Bacterial and fungal microbiome was analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively. RESULTS 16S rRNA sequencing of the bacterial microbiome revealed that the α-diversity indicated by the Chao-1 and Shannon indices was significantly lower in CD patients compared to healthy controls and/or UC patients. Principal coordinate (PCo) analysis of the bacterial community revealed significant structural differences in microbiome among healthy controls, UC and CD patients (PERMANOVA P = 0.0001). ITS sequencing of the fungal microbiome indicated no significant differences in α-diversity between healthy controls and IBD patients. However, the overall structure of the fungal microbial community of CD patients was significantly different from those of healthy controls and UC patients (PERMANOVA = 0.03). At the genus level, the genus Saccharomyces was dominant and this was followed by the genus Sarocladium in healthy controls. The abundance of the genus Candida was significantly higher in CD patients than healthy controls and/or UC patients. CONCLUSION The fecal fungal microbiome of a Japanese population differed considerably from that of a Western population. We identified fungal dysbiosis in Japanese patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Imai
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawada
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morita
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
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A Small Aromatic Compound Has Antifungal Properties and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects against Intestinal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020321. [PMID: 30646601 PMCID: PMC6359570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans to antifungal drugs has increased significantly in recent years. After screening 55 potential antifungal compounds from a chemical library, 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (DHMB) was identified as having potential antifungal activity. The properties of DHMB were then assessed in vitro and in vivo against C. albicans overgrowth and intestinal inflammation. Substitution on the aromatic ring of DHMB led to a strong decrease in its biological activity against C. albicans. The MIC of DHMB was highly effective at eliminating C. albicans when compared to that of caspofungin or fluconazole. Additionally, DHMB was also effective against clinically isolated fluconazole- or caspofungin-resistant C. albicans strains. DHMB was administered to animals at high doses. This compound was not cytotoxic and was well-tolerated. In experimental dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, DHMB reduced the clinical and histological score of inflammation and promoted the elimination of C. albicans from the gut. This finding was supported by a decrease in aerobic bacteria while anaerobic bacteria populations were re-established in mice treated with DHMB. DHMB is a small organic molecule with antifungal properties and anti-inflammatory activity by exerting protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells.
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Charlet R, Bortolus C, Barbet M, Sendid B, Jawhara S. A decrease in anaerobic bacteria promotes Candida glabrata overgrowth while β-glucan treatment restores the gut microbiota and attenuates colitis. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:50. [PMID: 30524506 PMCID: PMC6276212 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. Changes in crosstalk between the intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells and the microbiota are critically involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. In the experimental mouse model, the development of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) promotes overgrowth of the opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida glabrata. Conversely, fungal colonization aggravates inflammatory parameters. In the present study, we explored the effect of C. glabrata colonization on the diversity of the gut microbiota in a DSS-induced colitis model, and determined the impact of soluble β-glucans on C. glabrata-host interactions. Results Mice were administered a single inoculum of C. glabrata and were exposed to DSS treatment for 2 weeks in order to induce acute colitis. For β-glucan treatment, mice were administered with soluble β-glucans purified from C. glabrata (3 mg per mouse), orally and daily, for 5 days, starting on day 1. The number of C. glabrata colonies and changes in microbiota diversity were assessed in freshly collected stool samples from each tagged mouse, using traditional culture methods based on agar plates. An increase in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis populations and a reduction in Lactobacillus johnsonii and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were observed during colitis development. This decrease in L. johnsonii was significantly accentuated by C. glabrata overgrowth. Oral administration of β-glucans to mice decreased the overgrowth of aerobic bacteria and IL-1β expression while L. johnsonii and B. thetaiotaomicron populations increased significantly. β-glucan treatment increased IL-10 production via PPARγ sensing, promoting the attenuation of colitis and C. glabrata elimination. Conclusions This study shows that the colonic inflammation alters the microbial balance, while β-glucan treatment increases the anaerobic bacteria and promotes colitis attenuation and C. glabrata elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogatien Charlet
- 1U995/Team2, INSERM, 59000 Lille, France.,2LIRIC-INSERM U995/2, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.,3Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Clovis Bortolus
- 1U995/Team2, INSERM, 59000 Lille, France.,2LIRIC-INSERM U995/2, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.,3Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Melissandre Barbet
- 1U995/Team2, INSERM, 59000 Lille, France.,2LIRIC-INSERM U995/2, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.,3Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Boualem Sendid
- 1U995/Team2, INSERM, 59000 Lille, France.,2LIRIC-INSERM U995/2, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.,3Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Samir Jawhara
- 1U995/Team2, INSERM, 59000 Lille, France.,2LIRIC-INSERM U995/2, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille, 1 Place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France.,3Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Sovran B, Planchais J, Jegou S, Straube M, Lamas B, Natividad JM, Agus A, Dupraz L, Glodt J, Da Costa G, Michel ML, Langella P, Richard ML, Sokol H. Enterobacteriaceae are essential for the modulation of colitis severity by fungi. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:152. [PMID: 30172257 PMCID: PMC6119584 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host-microbe balance maintains intestinal homeostasis and strongly influences inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Here we focused on bacteria-fungi interactions and their implications on intestinal inflammation, a poorly understood area. METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was assessed in mice treated with vancomycin (targeting gram-positive bacteria) or colistin (targeting Enterobacteriaceae) and supplemented with either Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 or Candida albicans. Inflammation severity as well as bacterial and fungal microbiota compositions was monitored. RESULTS While S. boulardii improved DSS-induced colitis and C. albicans worsened it in untreated settings, antibiotic treatment strongly modified DSS susceptibility and effects of fungi on colitis. Vancomycin-treated mice were fully protected from colitis, while colistin-treated mice retained colitis phenotype but were not affected anymore by administration of fungi. Antibacterial treatments not only influenced bacterial populations but also had indirect effects on fungal microbiota. Correlations between bacterial and fungal relative abundance were dramatically decreased in colistin-treated mice compared to vancomycin-treated and control mice, suggesting that colistin-sensitive bacteria are involved in interactions with fungi. Restoration of the Enterobacteriaceae population by administrating colistin-resistant Escherichia coli reestablished both beneficial effects of S. boulardii and pathogenic effects of C. albicans on colitis severity. This effect was at least partly mediated by an improved gut colonization by fungi. CONCLUSIONS Fungal colonization of the gut is affected by the Enterobacteriaceae population, indirectly modifying effects of mycobiome on the host. This finding provides new insights into the role of inter-kingdom functional interactions in intestinal physiopathology and potentially in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sovran
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julien Planchais
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sarah Jegou
- Sorbonne Universités, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, APHP Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 27 rue de Chaligny, Paris, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Marjolene Straube
- Sorbonne Universités, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, APHP Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 27 rue de Chaligny, Paris, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jane Mea Natividad
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Allison Agus
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Louise Dupraz
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jérémy Glodt
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Grégory Da Costa
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Laure Michel
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mathias L. Richard
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Sorbonne Universités, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, APHP Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 27 rue de Chaligny, Paris, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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Sam QH, Yew WS, Seneviratne CJ, Chang MW, Chai LYA. Immunomodulation as Therapy for Fungal Infection: Are We Closer? Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1612. [PMID: 30090091 PMCID: PMC6068232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) causes significant morbidity in immunocompromised patients due to their weakened immune system. Immunomodulatory therapy, in synergy with existing antifungal therapy, is an attractive option to enhance their immune system and aid clearance of these opportunistic pathogens. From a scientific and clinical perspective, we explore the immunotherapeutic options to augment standard antifungal drugs for patients with an IFD. We discuss the range of immunomodulatory therapies being considered in IFD - from cytokines, including G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, IFN-γ, and cytokine agonists, to cellular therapies, consisting of granulocyte transfusion, adoptive T-cell, CAR T-cell, natural killer cell therapies, and monoclonal antibodies. Adjunct pharmaceutical agents which augment the immunity are also being considered. Lastly, we explore the likelihood of the use of probiotics and manipulation of the microbiome/mycobiome to enhance IFD treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hui Sam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster – National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Yi Ann Chai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster – National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
In the 21st century, urbanization represents a major demographic shift in developed and developing countries. Rapid urbanization in the developing world has been associated with an increasing incidence of several autoimmune diseases, including IBD. Patients with IBD exhibit a decrease in the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota, while urbanization attenuates the gut microbial diversity and might have a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Environmental exposures during urbanization, including Westernization of diet, increased antibiotic use, pollution, improved hygiene status and early-life microbial exposure, have been shown to affect the gut microbiota. The disparate patterns of the gut microbiota composition in rural and urban areas offer an opportunity to understand the contribution of a 'rural microbiome' in potentially protecting against the development of IBD. This Perspective discusses the effect of urbanization and its surrogates on the gut microbiome (bacteriome, virome, mycobiome and helminths) in both human health and IBD and how such changes might be associated with the development of IBD.
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Roos TB, de Moraes CM, Sturbelle RT, Dummer LA, Fischer G, Leite FPL. Probiotics Bacillus toyonensis and Saccharomyces boulardii improve the vaccine immune response to Bovine herpesvirus type 5 in sheep. Res Vet Sci 2018; 117:260-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Roos T, Avila L, Sturbelle R, Leite F, Fischer G, Leite F. Saccharomyces boulardii modulates and improves the immune response to Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 Vaccine. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT There have been significant efforts towards the development of more efficient vaccines for animal health. A strategy that may be used to improve vaccine efficacy is the use of probiotics to enhance the immune response of the host, leading to increased immunogenicity of antigen preparations. Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an example of an important animal pathogen for which vaccines have provided only limited protection. In this study, we examined the use of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) as a potential adjuvant to improve vaccine efficiency. We found that the supplemented animals exhibited an enhanced systemic IgG antibody response toward a Th1 response in favor of IgG2a and increased mRNA expression levels of the cytokines IFN-y, IL-12, IL-17 and IL-10 in the spleen. These results suggest that Sb supplementation may provide a promising means for improving the efficiency of vaccines, particularly those that rely on a cell-mediated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.B. Roos
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil
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47
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Remodeling of the Candida glabrata cell wall in the gastrointestinal tract affects the gut microbiota and the immune response. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3316. [PMID: 29463799 PMCID: PMC5820338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota acts a natural barrier to the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens. Candida glabrata is an opportunistic yeast pathogen that has adapted to colonize all segments of the human GI tract. We observed an increase in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacteroides vulgatus populations, and a decrease in Lactobacillus johnsonii, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bifidobacterium animalis in mice with DSS-induced colitis. This reduction was more pronounced for L. johnsonii during C. glabrata overgrowth. In addition, C. glabrata overgrowth increased mouse mortality and inflammatory parameters, and modulated the expression of intestinal receptors and signaling pathways. The C. glabrata cell wall underwent various changes during the course of C. glabrata colonization, and showed a significant increase in chitin. C. glabrata deficient in chitin synthase-3 induced fewer inflammatory parameters than the parental strain during intestinal inflammation. Oral administration of chitin attenuated the impact of colitis, and reduced the number of aerobic bacteria and C. glabrata overgrowth, while chitinase-3-like protein-1 increased. This study provides evidence that inflammation of the gut alters the microbial balance and leads to C. glabrata cell wall remodeling through an increase in chitin, which is involved in promoting persistence of C. glabrata in the gut.
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48
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Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii Extract on SAP2 Gene Expression and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.59891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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49
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Basson AR, Lam M, Cominelli F. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Strategies for Therapeutic Gut Microbiota Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and their Next-Generation Approaches. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2017; 46:689-729. [PMID: 29173517 PMCID: PMC5909826 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome exerts a major impact on human health and disease, and therapeutic gut microbiota modulation is now a well-advocated strategy in the management of many diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Scientific and clinical evidence in support of complementary and alternative medicine, in targeting intestinal dysbiosis among patients with IBD, or other disorders, has increased dramatically over the past years. Delivery of "artificial" stool replacements for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could provide an effective, safer alternative to that of human donor stool. Nevertheless, optimum timing of FMT administration in IBD remains unexplored, and future investigations are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Basson
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Minh Lam
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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50
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Sokol H, Leducq V, Aschard H, Pham HP, Jegou S, Landman C, Cohen D, Liguori G, Bourrier A, Nion-Larmurier I, Cosnes J, Seksik P, Langella P, Skurnik D, Richard ML, Beaugerie L. Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD. Gut 2017; 66:1039-1048. [PMID: 26843508 PMCID: PMC5532459 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 774] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The bacterial intestinal microbiota plays major roles in human physiology and IBDs. Although some data suggest a role of the fungal microbiota in IBD pathogenesis, the available data are scarce. The aim of our study was to characterise the faecal fungal microbiota in patients with IBD. DESIGN Bacterial and fungal composition of the faecal microbiota of 235 patients with IBD and 38 healthy subjects (HS) was determined using 16S and ITS2 sequencing, respectively. The obtained sequences were analysed using the Qiime pipeline to assess composition and diversity. Bacterial and fungal taxa associated with clinical parameters were identified using multivariate association with linear models. Correlation between bacterial and fungal microbiota was investigated using Spearman's test and distance correlation. RESULTS We observed that fungal microbiota is skewed in IBD, with an increased Basidiomycota/Ascomycota ratio, a decreased proportion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and an increased proportion of Candida albicans compared with HS. We also identified disease-specific alterations in diversity, indicating that a Crohn's disease-specific gut environment may favour fungi at the expense of bacteria. The concomitant analysis of bacterial and fungal microbiota showed a dense and homogenous correlation network in HS but a dramatically unbalanced network in IBD, suggesting the existence of disease-specific inter-kingdom alterations. CONCLUSIONS Besides bacterial dysbiosis, our study identifies a distinct fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD characterised by alterations in biodiversity and composition. Moreover, we unravel here disease-specific inter-kingdom network alterations in IBD, suggesting that, beyond bacteria, fungi might also play a role in IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne University—UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM ERL 1157, Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, UMR 7203, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France,Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France,Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - Valentin Leducq
- Sorbonne University—UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM ERL 1157, Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, UMR 7203, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hang-Phuong Pham
- ILTOO Pharma, iPEPS ICM, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Jegou
- Sorbonne University—UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM ERL 1157, Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, UMR 7203, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - Cecilia Landman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - David Cohen
- Sorbonne University—UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM ERL 1157, Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, UMR 7203, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France,Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Giuseppina Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anne Bourrier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Nion-Larmurier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - Jacques Cosnes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - David Skurnik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Massachusetts Technology and Analytics, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mathias L Richard
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Beaugerie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France,Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
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